A presentation on Oceania for a 7th grade geography lesson will allow students to become familiar with the vast cluster of islands located in the Pacific Ocean. This presentation reveals the unique world of plants, unusual animals that inhabit these lands, washed from all sides by the ocean. Much information is given about the discovery of Oceania.
Miklouho-Maclay made a great contribution to the study of these territories. Grade 7 students will also learn about this traveler in a geography lesson using this material.
Consideration of the material begins with the introduction of the term Oceania itself. Next comes detailed description the geographical location of the islands, the peoples that inhabit them, and the nature that makes them so unbeatable.
The electronic manual, presenting the material on 34 slides, can be used both for geography lessons and for personal study of the material by everyone who is interested in this subject.
- Introduce the group of islands in the Pacific Ocean, which are called Oceania. Will tell about the people, life, history and others interesting facts skeleton.
Format
ppt (powerpoint)
Number of slides
Slide 1
Slide 2
I. Physical and geographical position and composition of Oceania This is a cluster of islands in the central and western parts The Pacific which stretch from north to south, from Hawaii to New Zealand, and from east to west, from Easter Island to New Guinea. Number - more than 10,000 islands Area - 1.3 million km²
Slide 3
The islands of Oceania are united in three large groups Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia New Guinea, Solomon, New Hebrides, Fiji, New Caledonia Mariana, Caroline, Marshals, Gilbert New Zealand, Tonga, Samoa, Societies, Marquesas, Tuamotu, Easter, Hawaiian "Melas" - in Greek "black", "nesos" - "island", they are inhabited by negroid tribes with black skin Region of very small islands "micro" - "small »This group includes everything else a large number of islands "poly" - "many" - "islands"
Slide 4
II. Discovery and exploration of Oceania The island of New Guinea and the nearby islands of Melanesia were presumably inhabited by South-East Asia, sailed by canoe about 30-50 thousand years ago. Was inhabited about 2-4 thousand years ago most of Micronesia and Polynesia. The colonization process ended around 1200 AD. After gaining independence, most of the countries of Oceania still have serious economic, political and social problems, which they are trying to solve thanks to the help of the world community (including the UN) and through regional cooperation.
Slide 5
III. Features of nature Oceania Types of origin of islands Mainland Volcanic Coral New Guinea New Zealand Hawaiian New Caledonia New Hebrides Fiji Samoa Great Barrier Reef
Slide 6
The relief of the islands The relief and geological structure of the Pacific Ocean floor in the Oceania region has a complex structure. From the Alaska Peninsula (part of North America) to New Zealand, there are a large number of depressions of the marginal seas, deep oceanic trenches (Tonga, Kermadec, Bougainville), which form a geosynclinal belt characterized by active volcanism, seismicity and contrasting relief.
Slide 7
Mineral resources of the islands On most of the islands of Oceania, there are no minerals, only the largest of them are being developed: nickel (New Caledonia), oil and gas (New Guinea island, New Zealand), copper (Bougainville island in Papua New Guinea), gold (New Guinea, Fiji), phosphates (on most islands, deposits are almost or have already been depleted, for example, in Nauru, on the Banaba, Makatea islands). In the past, many islands in the region have been actively developing guano, a decomposed dung of seabirds that has been used as a nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. On the ocean floor of the exclusive economic zone of a number of countries, there are large accumulations of iron-manganese nodules, as well as cobalt, but at the moment no development is being carried out due to economic inexpediency.
Slide 8
The climate of the islands of Oceania Oceania is located within several climatic zones: equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical, temperate. Most of the islands have a tropical climate. The climate of the islands of Oceania is determined mainly by the trade winds, so most of them receive heavy rainfall. Average annual precipitation ranges from 1,500 to 4,000 mm, although on some islands (in particular due to the relief and on the leeward side), the climate may be drier or more humid. Oceania has one of the wettest places on the planet: on the eastern slope of Mount Waialeale on the island of Kauai, up to 11,430 mm of precipitation falls annually (the absolute maximum was reached in 1982: then 16,916 mm fell). Near the tropics, the average temperature is about 23 ° C, at the equator - 27 ° C, with little difference between the hottest and coldest months.
Slide 9
Climate of the islands of Oceania Most of the islands of Oceania are subject to the destructive effects of natural disasters: volcanic eruptions (Hawaiian Islands, New Hebrides), earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones accompanied by typhoons and heavy rains, droughts. On the South Island there are glaciers in New Zealand and New Guinea, high in the mountains, but due to the process of global warming, their area is gradually decreasing.
Slide 10
Features of the flora and fauna of Oceania Among the most widespread plants in Oceania, stand out coconut palm and breadfruit, which play an important role in life local residents: fruits are used for food, wood is a source of heat, building material, copra is produced from the oily endosperm of coconut trees, which forms the basis of exports of the countries of this region. On the small islands of Oceania, primarily the atolls, mammals are almost never found: many of them are inhabited only by the small rat. But the local avifauna is very rich. Most of the atolls are home to bird colonies where seabirds nest. Among the representatives of the fauna of New Zealand, the most famous are the kiwi birds, which have become the national symbol of the country. Other endemics of the country are kea, kakapo, takahe. All the islands of Oceania are home to a large number of lizards, snakes and insects.
Slide 11
IV. Population. Features of the settlement of Oceania The indigenous inhabitants of Oceania are the Polynesians, Micronesians, Melanesians and Papuans. Many languages of Oceania are on the verge of extinction. V Everyday life they are increasingly being replaced by English and French. Recently, in the countries of Oceania, the proportion of immigrants from Asia (mainly Chinese and Filipinos) has been increasing. For example, in the North Mariana Islands the share of the Filipinos is 26.2%, and the Chinese - 22.1%. The population of Oceania is mainly Christian, adhering to either the Protestant or Catholic branch.
Slide 12
Economy Most of the countries of Oceania have a very weak economy, which is due to several reasons: limited natural resources, remoteness from world markets for product sales, and a shortage of highly qualified specialists. Many states depend on financial assistance from other countries. The economy of most countries in Oceania is based on Agriculture(copra and palm oil production) and fishing. Among the most important crops are coconut, bananas, breadfruit. Possessing huge exclusive economic zones and not having a large fishing fleet, the governments of the Oceania countries issue fishing licenses to vessels of other states (mainly Japan, Taiwan, the USA), which significantly replenishes the state budget. The mining industry is most developed in Papua New Guinea, Nauru, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. Recently, measures have been taken to develop the tourism sector of the economy.
- What climatic zones is Australia in?
- In which direction does the amount of precipitation decrease in
tropical belt, as well as Tasmania?
- Why is Australia the driest continent?
- What is the name of the plate on which Australia is located?
- How are the landforms distributed over the mainland?
- What minerals are mined in Australia?
- Which part of the continent is the most ancient?
- What animals are depicted on the coat of arms of Australia?
- What animals are depicted on Australian coins?
- What is the name of the capital of Australia?
- What is the name of the island, in southern Australia, wearing
the name of the animal, the symbol of Australia?
- What is the name of the peninsula, in the northern part of the mainland, on
which is the endpoint of the same name?
- Name the strait between Tasmania and Australia.
- What is the name of the bay located between the peninsula
Arnhem Land and Cape York?
- What is the westernmost point of Australia?
- What natural structure is located in the eastern
the coast of Australia is its symbol?
- List the oviparous animals.
- Which medicinal plant in Australia has the leaves turned
chickpeas to the sun with an edge?
- What is scrub?
- What is the name of the drying up riverbeds in Australia?
- What are the largest river systems in Australia?
Oceania Are the islands lying in
central and southeastern hour
the Pacific Ocean to the northeast
from Australia, between 28N. and 53y.sh
and 130 east long. and 105 W
Oceania includes
7 thousand o-in total S 1.3
million km sq. Most of
o-in grouped
in the archipelagos: New
Zealand, Hawaii, Tuamotu,
Fiji, etc.
Part of the world Australia and Oceania are traditionally subdivided into the continental country Australia and the island world of Oceania.
Melanesia ("Black island") - Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji.
Micronesia ("Shallow island") - small coral islands.
Polynesia (multi-island ") - New Zealand, Hawaii, Tongo, Tuvalu.
For Europeans, Oceania has become
known in the 16th century. since
the first round the world
processions of F. Magellan.
Huge contribution to
discovery of Oceania
contributed by James Cook.
The names of Russians in Oceania.
- Visited Oceania
more than 40 Russian expeditions
under the direction of V.M. Golo-
Vnin, F.P. Litke, S.O. Maka-
ditch, etc.
Russian islands in
nature and population of Oceania
Introduced by N.N. Miklukho-Maclay.
He made interesting descriptions
Sania coast of tropical
Miklukho Maclay.
He lived in this village.
He studied the life of local people
villages. Residents with respect
treated him.
Miklukho-Maclay was the only one
military European, who in
New Guinea was delivered
monument.
Maclay Coast
The islands of Oceania are very picturesque. Mountainous islands, flat atolls,
overgrown with slender palms, with a coastal strip of white coral
white or black volcanic sand is amazing.
coral
mainland
volcanic
1 - underwater volcano
2 - coral fouling of the volcano
3 - submersion of the volcanic base under water
Most of the islands of Oceania are surrounded by coral
surnames who take the blows of the formidable oceanic
these waves and dampen their gigantic strength.
Physical and geographical location
ness, size and origin
The islands are closely related to the structure
the bottom of the Pacific Ocean.
Most islands in Oceania
belongs to volcanic and
coral, some of them -
peaks of underwater ridges.
There are also mainland islands.
Position in a huge body of water, small size
land and remoteness, isolation of islands from mainland land
and from each other had a significant impact on the nature of the island.
In the past, the islands of Oceania were a single land, but as a result of the rise in the level of the World Ocean, a significant part of the surface was under water.
The relief of these islands is mountainous and highly dissected. For instance, highest mountains Oceania, including Mount Jaya (5029 m), are located on the island of New Guinea.
Oceania climate warm, even,
soft, especially favorable
for human life.
Due to the position of the islands on both
sides of the equator temperature
the air is high, but the winds are from the ocean
significantly soften the heat.
Temperature fluctuations by
seasons and during the day
insignificant.
Air pressure change over
the vastness of the ocean leads
to frequent
hurricanes.
Isolation of the islands
affected their
flora and fauna.
He is very peculiar. Poorer
in all, it is small and comparatively
very young bark
llv islands.
On the small islands of Oceania, primarily the atolls, mammals are almost never found: many of them are inhabited only by the Polynesian rat. New Zealand and New Guinea are distinguished by the greatest diversity of fauna.
Among the representatives of the fauna of New Zealand, the most famous are the kiwi birds, which have become the national symbol of the country. Other birds that live there are kea, kakapo (or owl parrot), takahe (or wingless sultanka).
Rich in coastal life
the waters of the islands and especially
Islands in the ocean are oases
among the watery desert.
Man has populated Oceania a lot
millennia ago. What
the settlement went along the paths until it became clear
but. According to the prevailing science
states, Oceania was inhabited
on people from Southeast Asia.
According to the hypothesis of the Norwegian traveler
Nick Thor Heyerdahl, she was populated with an exit
ts from America.
Oceanians were skillful
sailors and shipbuilder-
mi. Focusing on the stars
they sailed for
thousands of kilometers from the family
islands. There is a witness-
the fact that they swam even on
island Madagascar.
New Zealand - Maori.
Indigenous people of New Guinea and
nearby islands - Papuans .
They belong to the equatorial
Modern inhabitants of Oceania
are engaged in agriculture, you
grow coconut trees
bananas, sugarcane and
other cultures.
Traditional occupation
fishing remains in
the ocean. On the islands before-
there are colored ores
metals, stone
coal mine
deposits of phosphorites.
Oceania's nature is very vulnerable. She quickly changed
dyed and continues to change under the influence of de-
human activity. Valuable rocks cut down
trees, the coastal waters of many
Real barbarism
was the turning of a number
atolls to landfills
tests of atomic weapons
life, as a result of the destruction
a number of atolls, up to
unrecognizable change-
the nature of other
- Atoll trials
Oceania Islands
years were a colony
mi. Three decades
ago there was
only one independent
my state is No-
waving Zealand.
Now independent
countries over 15. Others
are still in economic
mental dependence
from France, England,
USA, Australia, Chile
and other countries.
- & 39.
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The Oceania presentation can be downloaded absolutely free of charge on our website. Project subject: Geography. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 12 slide (s).
Presentation slides
Slide 1
Slide 2
I. Physical and geographical position and composition of Oceania
It is a cluster of islands in the central and western Pacific Ocean that stretch from north to south, from Hawaii to New Zealand, and from east to west, from Easter Island to New Guinea. Number - more than 10,000 islands Area - 1.3 million km²
Slide 3
Slide 4
II. Discovery and exploration of Oceania
The island of New Guinea and the nearby islands of Melanesia were, presumably, inhabited by immigrants from Southeast Asia, who sailed by canoe about 30-50 thousand years ago. Most of Micronesia and Polynesia were inhabited about 2-4 thousand years ago. The colonization process ended around 1200 AD. After gaining independence, most of the countries of Oceania still have serious economic, political and social problems, which they are trying to solve thanks to the help of the world community (including the UN) and through regional cooperation.
Slide 5
III. Features of the nature of Oceania
Types of island origins
Slide 6
The relief of the islands
The relief and geological structure of the Pacific Ocean floor in the Oceania region has a complex structure. From the Alaska Peninsula (part of North America) to New Zealand, there is a large number of marginal seas basins, deep oceanic trenches (Tonga, Kermadec, Bougainville), which form a geosynclinal belt characterized by active volcanism, seismicity and contrasting relief.
Slide 7
Mineral resources of the islands
On most of the islands of Oceania, there are no minerals, only the largest of them are being developed: nickel (New Caledonia), oil and gas (New Guinea island, New Zealand), copper (Bougainville island in Papua New Guinea), gold (New Guinea , Fiji), phosphates (on most islands, deposits are almost or have already been developed, for example, in Nauru, on the islands of Banaba, Makatea). In the past, many islands in the region have been actively developing guano, a decomposed dung of seabirds that has been used as a nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. On the ocean floor of the exclusive economic zone of a number of countries, there are large accumulations of iron-manganese nodules, as well as cobalt, but at the moment no development is being carried out due to economic inexpediency.
Slide 8
Oceania islands climate
Oceania is located within several climatic zones: equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical, temperate. Most of the islands have a tropical climate. The climate of the islands of Oceania is determined mainly by the trade winds, so most of them receive heavy rainfall. Average annual precipitation ranges from 1,500 to 4,000 mm, although on some islands (in particular due to the relief and on the leeward side), the climate may be drier or more humid. Oceania has one of the wettest places on the planet: on the eastern slope of Mount Waialeale on the island of Kauai, up to 11,430 mm of precipitation falls annually (the absolute maximum was reached in 1982: then 16,916 mm fell). Near the tropics, the average temperature is about 23 ° C, at the equator - 27 ° C, with little difference between the hottest and coldest months.
Slide 9
Most of the islands of Oceania are subject to the destructive effects of natural disasters: volcanic eruptions (Hawaiian Islands, New Hebrides), earthquakes, tsunamis, cyclones accompanied by typhoons and heavy rains, and droughts. There are glaciers on the South Island in New Zealand and on the island of New Guinea high in the mountains, but due to the process of global warming, their area is gradually decreasing.
Slide 10
Features of the flora and fauna of Oceania
Among the most widespread plants in Oceania, the coconut palm and breadfruit are distinguished, which play an important role in the life of local residents: fruits are used for food, wood is a source of heat, a building material, copra is produced from the oily endosperm of coconut palm nuts, which forms the basis of the export of the countries of this region. On the small islands of Oceania, primarily the atolls, mammals are almost never found: many of them are inhabited only by the small rat. But the local avifauna is very rich. Most of the atolls are home to bird colonies where seabirds nest. Among the representatives of the fauna of New Zealand, the most famous are the kiwi birds, which have become the national symbol of the country. Other endemics of the country are kea, kakapo, takahe. All the islands of Oceania are home to a large number of lizards, snakes and insects.
Slide 11
IV. Population. Features of the settlement of Oceania
The indigenous inhabitants of Oceania are Polynesians, Micronesians, Melanesians and Papuans. Many languages of Oceania are on the verge of extinction. In everyday life, they are increasingly being replaced by English and French. Recently, in the countries of Oceania, the proportion of immigrants from Asia (mainly Chinese and Filipinos) has been increasing. For example, in the Northern Mariana Islands, the Filipinos account for 26.2% and the Chinese for 22.1%. The population of Oceania is mainly Christian, adhering to either the Protestant or Catholic branch.
Slide 12
Economy
Most of the countries of Oceania have a very weak economy, which is due to several reasons: limited natural resources, remoteness from world markets for products, a shortage of highly qualified specialists. Many states depend on financial assistance from other countries. The economy of most countries in Oceania is based on agriculture (copra and palm oil production) and fishing. Among the most important crops are coconut, bananas, breadfruit. Possessing huge exclusive economic zones and not having a large fishing fleet, the governments of the Oceania countries issue fishing licenses to vessels of other states (mainly Japan, Taiwan, the USA), which significantly replenishes the state budget. The mining industry is most developed in Papua New Guinea, Nauru, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. Recently, measures have been taken to develop the tourism sector of the economy.
