Union and preposition refer to official parts of speech. Their main difference is that they perform different functions. Alliances serve to connect homogeneous members of a sentence, parts of a sentence and individual sentences in a coherent text. Prepositions express the dependence of nouns, numerals and pronouns on other parts of speech in the phrases that make up the sentence.
This difference is obvious when considering simple non-derivative prepositions and conjunctions.
Prepositions Conjunctions
go on the path to the stream the garden smelled of autumn foliage and apples
three from five friends it will snow, or it will rain
will do for I know you how can I help you
Differences in derivative prepositions and conjunctions are more difficult to determine. In order not to be mistaken, one should pay attention not only to their functional significance, but also to the method of education.
Derived prepositions can be formed
from adverbs: around Sveta, near lakes, near well;
from nouns: due to violations, in continuation days, like stone;
from verbs: thanks to support, later month, in spite of difficulties.
As a rule, derivative prepositions can be replaced by some other prepositions:
near at home - at at home;
due to leaks - due to leaks;
later day - across day.
Derivative unions are most often formed from pronouns by adding particles or prepositions:
to breathe - whatever;
that's why and cannot sleep - from + that.
A productive way of forming derivative unions is the transition of independent parts of speech into service ones with the loss of the original lexical meaning and morphological features:
thinks let it bad luck;
in a hurry exactly to the fire.
Derivative prepositions are often part of such unions:
thanks to;
although.
In structure, both prepositions and conjunctions can be simple or compound. Simple ones consist of one word, compound ones - of several.
Simple prepositions: Simple conjunctions:
in, on, behind, from, to, on, at, in the middle, and, a, but, what, how, so much,
instead of, due to. as if, as if, so.
Compound prepositions: Compound conjunctions:
close to, in the form, up to, because, since, that is,
in connection with, according to p. although.
Some simple derivatives and compound prepositions are easiest to distinguish from conjunctions in context:
Boy instead of I drank some milk of plain water. (Pretext instead of binds a verb drank and noun milk)
Instead of go home, he went to the river. (Union instead of links parts of a sentence)
Conjunctions, unlike prepositions, are used to express a compositional or subordinate connection in sentences:
The sky darkened and thunder crashed. (Writing union and)
They set off as soon as daylight broke. (Submissive union barely)
Conclusions site
- The preposition indicates the dependence of the nominal parts of speech on the words with which they are associated by the way of control. The union serves to connect homogeneous members of the proposal or parts of the proposal, and can also unite in the sense of individual sentences in the text.
- Derived prepositions are formed from adverbs, nouns and verbs. Derivative conjunctions are most often formed by merging pronouns with particles or prepositions.
- Derivative conjunctions can include prepositions; conjunctions are never part of derived prepositions.
- By value, unions are divided into compositional and subordinate. Prepositions are only divided into groups by origin.
I flew to Bahrain as a package tour for 24 tr. for 7 nights. Single occupancy. Meals I took "breakfasts". Hotel 4 stars.
The tour was "fortune", ie. only at the airport of arrival I found out which hotel I would be accommodated in.
What is a Fortune tour you can read .
Judging by the description of hotels in Bahrain, I decided that their 4 * pulls a maximum of 2-3. And the price of the tour contributed to this understanding. After all, Bahrain is not a cheap country, it lives on oil, like the Emirates and stretches after them.
What did you get in reality
The hotel is called Best Westrrn Plus and is quite up to its 4 stars. However, it has no territory of its own. This is the only negative.
But this is rather a question not for the hotel, but for the country as a whole.
A bus takes you to the beach from the hotel in the morning. Is free.
In general, there are not so many hotels in Bahrain with a territory and a private beach. But they are and are, of course, more expensive.
By the way, package tours from Russia to Bahrain began to be sent about a year ago. Those. mass tourism in this direction from our country, one might say, has just begun.
And, as the guide correctly noted on the excursion, here they still do not quite understand how Russian tourists like to relax.
Number
The hotel room is excellent. Big enough with one huge bed.
And yes! There is a safe.
There is a refrigerator, hairdryer, TV, air conditioning, tea accessories (kettle, cups), coffee and tea bags - this is being updated. There's even a bottle opener. Every day they bring two bottles of 0.5 liter water.
There are slippers, no bathrobes.
Large bathroom. Shampoos, conditioners, shower gels and even body lotion - everything is there and everything tastes good)
Cleaning
Are cleaned every day. Towels are also changed every day.
Location
The hotel is not in the center of Manama, but in one of the newer areas. Bahrain's main mosque is nearby. It can be reached on foot in 5 minutes from the hotel.
There is a shopping center "LuLu" just around the corner, where you can change money and eat inexpensively. There is also a supermarket in the same shopping center.
You can get to the city center by buses NN 40 and 41. I walked in an hour, at the same time I saw the city. The next times I used the bus.
For you to understand, the whole of Bahrain is only 60 km long and about 25 km wide. Manama is only a small part of the country.
Nutrition
The hotel has two restaurants and a bar on the 14th floor (last) with an open veranda.
Breakfast was included in the tour price. The hotel also provides lunches and dinners.
Scroll through the gallery:
Breakfasts are quite modest - this is not Turkey: cucumbers, tomatoes, lettuce, potatoes, pancakes, beans, omelet, eggs, sausages, rice, porridge, cereals, toast, butter, tea, coffee, milk.
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The pretext is rather curious. They express the relationship between object and subject, and these relationships can be as complex as desired. Prepositions are not only "small words" like "to", "by", "for", "through", etc., but also whole phrases - "due to the fact that", "due to the fact that", " on the occasion of that "and others. Such prepositions, consisting of several words, are called compound prepositions. Naturally, they did not form in the Russian language at once: they began their development in the 19th - 20th centuries, when scientific and literature and the media gained universal popularity. The relations between the members of a sentence (utterance) in such literature are quite complex and subtle and far from those that are used in the speech of "naive" native speakers.
Various types of "new" specific prepositions - compound, complex (written with a hyphen: "from behind", "over", "from under", etc.), derivatives (formed from other parts of speech: "by", "As a result", "in continuation", etc.) at the turn of the XIX - XX centuries were associated with clerical and other types of "non-fiction" speech (for example, journalistic). Korney Chukovsky in his book "Alive as Life" gives an interesting example. One old retired official decided to get busy and tried to translate the romantic fairy tale Red Rose. The translation as a whole turned out to be quite good, but the language in which it was written was more like a clerical one. Here is one of the fragments: "For lack of a red rose, my life is broken." The publishing house told the official that such pretexts were unacceptable in a romantic. The old man seemed to understand everything and remade the text: "Due to the absence of a red rose, my life is broken," making the speech of the desperate hero even more clerical.
A new round of popularity of compound prepositions fell on the first decades of Soviet power, when all aspects of human life were politicized. Documentation, reports, decrees, decrees, propaganda newspapers - all this forced ordinary people to use "clerical" pretexts even in everyday conversations.
In modern times, such components have become in demand as "in part", "in business"; they are typical for business speech.
By the way, the sizes of these "complicated" prepositions are sometimes striking: some of them are much longer than nouns, adjectives and verbs. The longest preposition (and at the same time the conjunction) is "accordingly", it consists of 14 letters. This preposition is often used by teachers as well as employers.
How to memorize the spelling of compound prepositions
Writing compound prepositions is often difficult. For example, the ending for such prepositions as "in continuation", "during", as well as for the written one together "due to". These prepositions were formed from stable phrases in which the noun is in the accusative case. All such nouns (cf. "I will come at an hour", "minute by minute") have the meaning of time, some lasting period. The simple preposition "in" in this case is synonymous with the expression "during": "During the course of the conversation (that is, during the continuation of the conversation), he no longer mentioned the case."
At the same time, in the combinations "in continuation", "during" it stands in the prepositional case and answers the question "where?", "In what?" this and that. "
The preposition "despite" is also very often misspelled. Once upon a time, at the moment of its inception, it really was a combination of an adverbial participle with a particle "not" and a simple preposition "on", therefore it was written separately. But those times are long gone, and the preposition "despite" is written together.
Some of the errors are striking. "In conclusion, I'll tell you about ..." - it seems that the speaker is sitting in or is about to sit down. I wonder if those who make such mistakes understand the meaning of what they write?
Writing derived prepositions
Derivative prepositions formed from phrases are adjacent to compound prepositions in origin and difficulty of spelling. What is the correct way to write "an object (to) the likeness of a cube"? in this case, you should choose a synonym for the intended preposition: "an object like a cube." The meaning remains the same - it means that we have a derivative preposition that is written together. But the "problem (on) the similarity of triangles" does not withstand such a test: "a problem like triangles" is nonsense; This means that here a preposition and a noun are written separately (and the noun is also part of a stable phrase - the term "similarity of triangles"). By the way, “like” is also a compound preposition. Their simple synonym is the colloquial "type", as well as the conjunction "how": "an object like a cube." This pretext has its "double": "There are four species in the genus Panther of the Cat family - lion, tiger, jaguar and leopard."
The preposition "instead of" is synonymous with the preposition "for", "about" - "about", "in view" - "because of". The preposition "following" approximately corresponds to the simple preposition "on": "We looked after the departing train" - "looked at the departing train." These prepositions should be distinguished from phrases with nouns and simple prepositions: “Put money on my bank account”, “we arrived at the place that he indicated”, “the hunter looked at the trail and determined what kind of animal ran here”, “have in mind. "
| Prepositions | Difference from a combination of a noun with a preposition |
|---|---|
| In view of(= for a reason, for) | Keep in mind, in mind (= near, within sight) |
| Like, like(= similar as) | Notice the likeness of mother and daughter.In kind Ivanovs are all blondes |
| About(= o) | Put your money to the account in the bank |
| Instead of(= for) | We entered the forest instead of where the sun's rays hardly penetrated |
| As a consequence(= for a reason, for) | In consequence new documents have been added on this criminal case |
| Followed by:We looked with slight sadness after the sailing ship sailing away | Grandpa looked closely in the trail a beast that recently ran through the snow |
| Formed from adverbs: to be inside at home,go towards wind, grow along roads and etc. | To a meeting classmates we meet every ten years |
Prepositions such as "inside" and "along" are written together: "what lies inside the box", "trees grow along the road." It is not difficult to remember this, because there are no words "nutr" and "dol", although in the Old Russian language, perhaps, they were. These prepositions were formed from adverbs with the meaning of space, and adverbs are always written together. This group also includes the preposition "to meet", also formed from the adverb: "Go towards the wind" (preposition), "he goes to meet" (adverb); however, it must be distinguished from a noun with the preposition "we are going to a reunion."
Why do so many people make mistakes in their preposition? Most likely, it is a matter of simple carelessness - the writers do not understand the meaning of the text or understand it approximately. Each element of the language has its own meaning, and if you rely on it, you can easily determine the correct spelling.
Pretext- this is an official part of our speech, which expresses semantic connections between nouns, numerals and pronouns and other words in sentences or phrases: I went to school, climbed a mountain, ran down the street, approached my father.
Prepositions in Russian, like other service parts of speech, do not change and always remain in the form in which they exist: in the middle, in half, on, with... Also, prepositions are not members of the sentence, but when parsing a sentence, prepositions are underlined along with the member of the sentence to which they belong: After short-lived hesitation animal came up to me (after hesitation- circumstance, to me- circumstance).
Prepositions, particle conjunctions- these are service (non-independent) parts of speech. Despite this, they have their own classification and are divided into certain types.
Types of prepositions.
By morphological characteristics prepositions can be divided into three types:
- Simple prepositions- prepositions that consist of one word, which has one stem: on, in, on, to, with, out, over, around, after, before, thanks and etc .
- Complicated prepositions- prepositions that consist of one, but have two roots and are written with a hyphen: from under, because of, over and etc.
- Compound prepositions are prepositions that consist of two or more words: during, during, as opposed to, despite and etc.
By origin, prepositions are:
- Non-derivative prepositions are common prepositions that cannot be associated with education from any part of speech: from, to, to, at, to, by, from, behind and many others. Non-derivative prepositions also include complex prepositions: over, from behind, from under.
- Derivative prepositions- these are prepositions formed from other parts of speech (nouns, verbs, etc.): during, during, despite, in view, like and etc.
Derivative prepositions.
Derivative prepositions are of several types, which depend on the part of speech with which the formation of the preposition is associated:
- Otmennye prepositions are prepositions formed most often from nouns. The formation of such prepositions can occur using adverbs or directly from a noun. The abbreviated prepositions include the following: by virtue, in contrast, during, like, in view, due, in continuation, unlike others. Noun with a preposition or an excuse?
- Verbal prepositions are prepositions that are formed from gerunds: despite, including, thanks, later, later, regardless, etc. How prepositions differ from conjunctions or other part of speech?
- Adverbial prepositions are prepositions that come from adverbs: behind, in front, around, inside, near, around, except, in spite of, etc.
Prepositions and case matching.
Prepositions can be used with one or several forms cases... At the same time, there are prepositions that require control in some particular case: according to - dative, because of - genitive, and in - prepositional and accusative:
According to the schedule, according to the schedule; because of the rain, because of the mother; to the Crimea, in the Crimea.
The categories of prepositions based on lexical characteristics.
A preposition can express:
- Temporal relationship: jump from morning to evening;
- Spatial relationship: visit St. Petersburg and Baikal;
- Comparison and Contrast Ratio: growing from me, something like a flash;
- Escort attitude: take with you, come with your brother;
- Cause relation: weep with grief;
- Object Relationship: forget about rest, talk about a wedding;
- Target relationship: dress for going out; food for the holiday;
And other categories.
How to parse a preposition morphologically?
Preposition parsing plan:
1) Part of speech, the purpose of this part of speech;
2) Type of preposition: simple, compound or complex;
3) Type of preposition: derivative or non-derivative;
4) What word refers to;
5) In which case it is controlled in a sentence (phrase);
6) The category of the preposition on the lexical basis.
An example of morphological analysis of a preposition.
There were two people on the porch: he and with him.
On the porch)- a preposition, serves to connect words in a given sentence, simple, non-derivative, refers to a noun "Porch", is used with a prepositional case, has a spatial-object relationship with a noun.
With him)- preposition, serves to connect words in a sentence, simple, non-derivative, refers to a pronoun "Him", used with instrumental, has the meaning of accompaniment.
Topic: Simple and compound prepositions. Purpose: to create conditions for the formation of students' knowledge of simple and compound prepositions. Tasks: Educational: to form the ability to use prepositions, to repeat what was previously learned about prepositions; improve the spelling and grammatical skills of students; Developing: develop the ability to apply new knowledge; develop the creative, speech abilities of students; critical thinking Educational: to foster a love of the Russian language, value attitude to the language; Lesson type: combined Lesson type: group, frontal Working methods: conversation, practical tasks. Visibility: textbook, support schema (simple and compound prepositions) stage Teacher activity Student activity Assessment Lesson progress Organizational moment Updating previous knowledge Explanation of new material Hello, guys. Sit down. Personal greetings with the teacher Today in the lesson we will talk about simple and compound prepositions. Guys, look at the board. As you can see, phrases with prepositions are written on the board. Let's read the first phrase, And the second And now, tell me, please, the prepositions from these phrases. Thanks. And how are these 2 prepositions different from each other? Communicative, regulatory, Cognitive Read: “it was left because of the rain” Read: “it rained during the day”. Answers: because of, during Answer: the preposition because of consists of one word, and the preposition during of 2 words. Right. Well done Guys, here we come to our topic. As we found out, prepositions can consist of 1 word or 2 or more words. Try to formulate a definition of what simple and compound prepositions are. So guys. Remember, prepositions that consist of one word are simple prepositions, such as Answer: “Simple prepositions consist of 1 word (because), and compound prepositions consist of 2 or more words (during). Students write down the rule in notebook reference books. Write down 1 student goes to the blackboard, all the rest write in notebooks. Writes it down. Communicative, regulatory, cognitive Forms. , sum Evaluation about, around, because of, for, etc., and prepositions consisting of 2 or more words are compound, these are prepositions such as: for, in conclusion, in contrast, etc. In workbooks we write down today's number and the topic of our lesson is consolidation So, guys. You and I have determined what simple and what are compound prepositions. Now let's try the exercise. (1 student comes out to the board) I dictate. "And they are sitting brotherly at the table, shoulder to shoulder." The student at the blackboard explains how to spell the adverb "brotherly" Highlights prepositions, explains the structure. (I give a grade and call another student) (Dictate) At the end of the evening there was a concert. (rating) Now write down 2 sentences in your notebooks. (I dictate). They found the way by force. Do not rely on strength. (the task is given so that students know how to distinguish adverbs from nouns with a preposition) (I ask someone) “Determine what part of speech the words are at the beginning Oba Answers: the adverb is written with a hyphen. prepositions are simple, because consist of one word. 2 student Goes to the blackboard. Writes it down. (highlights the preposition in conclusion, gives it a definition that the preposition is composite, because it consists of 2 words. Communicative, personal, regulatory, cognitive Summative Write in notebooks. One student answers. noun with a preposition Answers: if you can add concreteness between a noun and a preposition to a sentence, then it will be a noun with a preposition. (far beyond the river). The question where, indicates to us that we have an adverb. In the 2nd sentence, what question? (in the distance blue). What question indicates to us that this is a noun with a preposition. Reads: write down simple prepositions first , and then composite. Perform the task. Reads: through, out of, on, about, like, towards, on, around. Answer. Correct. Read: during, in connection, in consequence, in conclusion. Answer. Correct. Well done. proposition zheniy. Well done, but how did you distinguish an adverb from a noun with a preposition. Guys, write down this rule in the notebook reference books. Also, guys, there is one rule for how to distinguish a noun with a preposition from an adverb. Let's write a few more sentences with you. (dictating). A light went out beyond the river. In the distance, golden sand was already spinning like a blue column. Guys, how can you distinguish a noun with a preposition from an adverb in these sentences? Well, for now, let's work with the tutorial. Open on page 165. Perform exercise 381.384e. The exercise is performed according to the assignment. (one student reads the assignment). Thanks. So guys. We divide the page into 2 parts. We write out simple verbs in 1 column, and compound verbs in 2. We carry out the task ourselves. We'll check later. (the task is given so that students can distinguish between simple and compound prepositions) Let's check what you got. (one student reads what he did in column 1? Guys, everyone is like this? Who is wrong, we correct it. (The second student reads what he did in column 2? Guys, everyone does it? If not, we correct it. Homework Guys, let's open the diaries and write down the homework. Summing up We teach the rule and do exercise 387 (1 student reads the assignment) Thank you. Is the assignment clear? Close the diaries. We still have time. Let's work orally. (The next assignment is given for the successful consolidation of new material, the ability to distinguish simple prepositions from compound ones.) So, I read the phrase, and you determine what preposition it contains. I met him near the school. Due to the drought, this year turned out to be a bad harvest. The children climbed over the fence. Well done, guys. I see that you have mastered the new knowledge well, applied it in practice. (Voicing grades for the lesson) Goodbye! They open, write down. Reads: Write down phrases, and determine the type of preposition. v e r Communicative, personal, regulatory. Grade for the lesson Answer: simple Answer: compound. The answer is simple. say goodbye
