In the first half of the XIX century. the basis of progress in science, technology, economics was the use of a new type of energy - steam energy. Further development of the fleet was due to the achievements in the field of metallurgy and rolled metal products. Especially - the invention of armor plates for use in iron shipbuilding
At the beginning of the XIX century. construction of steam ships began in Russia. The first ship of this kind in Russia, the Elizaveta, was designed and built in 1815 by Karl Byrd, the owner of an iron and copper foundry in St. Petersburg. With only 4 liters. with. power, the machine gave the steamboat (as the steamer was called earlier) a speed of about 9 versts per hour.
The first steam vessel in Russia "Elizaveta"
In 1823, about a dozen steamers were built on the Volga, including those with two machines with a total capacity of up to 40 liters. with. And in 1843 in St. Petersburg a steamship society "On the Volga" was formed, which had several steamers with machines of 250-400 liters. with. capacity (Volga, Hercules, Samson, Kama, Oka, etc.), dozens of heavy barges. This society lasted until 1918.
Diesel motor ships
In 1903, the Sormovsky plant in Nizhny Novgorod built the first diesel motor ship for the Volga Shipping Company - the Vandal self-propelled tank barge with a displacement of 1150 tons, with three diesel engines of 120 liters each. with., and diesel-electric transmission to propellers. "Vandal" became the world's first diesel motor ship and diesel-electric ship at the same time.
The first motor ship in the world is the Vandal oil barge.
By 1913, there were more than 80 diesel motor ships in different countries of the world, of which 70 were in Russia. As for the steamships, by 1913, through the efforts of all six shipping companies of the country and the government, their number was increased to 1016 (with a total displacement of 487 thousand tons), and sailing ships became 2577 (257 thousand brt). The Russian fleet ranked 8th in the world after the fleets of England, Germany, USA, Norway, France, Japan, Italy. At the same time, our own steamships, accounting for 65% of the commercial fleet of Russia, could provide only 8% of sea cargo transportation.
Creation of the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade (ROPiT)
In January 1856, the adjutant wing N.A. Arkas and the well-known entrepreneur-ship owner N.A. Novoselsky. They proposed creating a commercial shipping joint-stock company on the Black Sea with a large number of modern steamships for freight and passenger traffic, while clarifying that in the event of war, these steamers could be used for the country's military transport needs.
On August 3, 1856, Emperor Alexander II approved the Charter of the ROPiT (Russian Society of Shipping and Trade). This is how the largest Russian shipping company was born.
By 1860, the Company had more than 40 steamers, and 30 of them had great prospects: all of them had been in operation for no more than 3 years.
The ROPiT steamer "Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna" is at the pier in Saratov.
Around 1910 (Photo from the archive of Alexei Platonov)
Since 1863, the Company, replenishing the fleet, began to build new screw post-passenger steamers and wheeled cargo-passenger ships of mixed navigation. In addition to Lazarev, Kornilov, Nakhimov, Chikhachev, Grand Duke Mikhail, Grand Duchess Olga and General Kotzebue, by 1870 11 more steam schooners were commissioned for cargo transportation across the Azov Sea.
With the construction of the Suez Canal (1869), new prospects opened up, and ROPiT ships began to go to India, China, and the Far East (Vladivostok).
Creation of the "Volunteer Fleet"
In the period 1873-1883. public attention to the needs of the fleet has sharply increased. In this regard, a Society for the Promotion of Russian Merchant Shipbuilding (funded by patriotic donations) arose in Moscow. The idea of creating a society "Voluntary Fleet" appeared, caused by the results of the Russian-Turkish war of 1878.
A fundraiser was held throughout the country for an organization that would have fast and capacious ships that would allow them to be quickly refitted and armed, making them auxiliary cruisers in case of war. About 4 million rubles were collected, and in 1878 the society was created.
First, "Dobroflot" purchased from the Germans cargo and passenger steamers, which were immediately registered in the navy as auxiliary cruisers: "Moscow", "Petersburg", "Russia". Henceforth, a tradition was established: to name all new courts by the name of the centers of the provinces - "Nizhny Novgorod", "Ryazan", etc.
Since 1879, the charter of the Volunteer Fleet Society provided for the possibility of using its ships for military purposes in case of war.
Dobroflot's work began with the transportation of Russian troops from Varna and Burgas, who participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1878. Then, regular flights to the Far East began. Soon the management came to the conclusion that it was necessary not to purchase, but only to build ships for the society - it is more profitable. True, to build not only at our factories, but also abroad. The first steamer - "Yaroslavl" according to the drawings of the British cruiser "Iris" was ordered in 1880 in France.
Until 1896, a series of 6 vessels with a displacement of 4500-5600 tons came from England to Russia. As a result, before the Russo-Japanese war, Dobroflot moved up to second place after ROPiT. Its cargo turnover reached 196,000 tons per year.
Postcards from the beginning of 1910, dedicated to commodity-passenger
steamers "Dobroflot": "Simbirsk" and "Ryazan".
Rising above the surface of the water, these ships sweep past at the speed of a courier train; at the same time, they provide their passengers with the same comfort as on a jet air liner.
In the Soviet Union alone, the leading country in terms of ships of this class, hydrofoils of various types transported more than 20 million passengers annually on regular routes.
In 1957, the first "Rocket" of project 340 left the Feodosiya shipyard in Ukraine. The motor ship was capable of developing an unheard-of speed of 60 km / h and taking on board 64 people. 
Following the "Rockets" in the 1960s, larger and more comfortable twin-screw "Meteora" produced by Zelenodolsk shipyard appeared. The passenger capacity of these ships was 123 people. The motor ship had three saloons and a bar - a buffet. 
In 1962, the "Comets" of the 342m project appeared, in fact the same "Meteors", only modernized for operation at sea. They could walk with a higher wave, had radar equipment (radar) 
In 1961, simultaneously with the launch of Meteors and Komet into series, the Krasnoe Sormovo shipyard in Nizhny Novgorod launched a project 329 Sputnik vessel, the largest SPK. It carries 300 passengers at a speed of 65 km / h. Also, as with Meteor, a naval version of the Sputnik was built, called the Whirlwind. But over the course of four years of operation, a lot of shortcomings came to light, including the high gluttony of the four engines and the discomfort of passengers due to strong vibration. 
For comparison, "Sputnik" and "Rocket" 
Sputnik now ...
In Togliatti, it was turned into a museum, or a tavern. In 2005, there was a fire. Now it looks like this. 
The Burevestnik is one of the most beautiful ships of the entire series! This is a gas turbine ship developed by the Central Design Bureau of the SPK R. Alekseev, Gorky. "Burevestnik" was the flagship among the river SECs. It had a power plant based on two gas turbine engines borrowed from civil aviation (with IL-18). It was operated from 1964 to the end of the 70s on the Volga on the Kuibyshev - Ulyanovsk - Kazan - Gorky route. "Burevestnik" accommodated 150 passengers and had an operating speed of 97 km / h. However, it did not go into mass production - two aircraft engines made a lot of noise and required a lot of fuel. 
Has not been used since 1977. In 1993 it was cut into scrap. 
In 1966, the Gomel shipyard produces a ship for shallow rivers, a little over 1 meter deep "Belarus" with a passenger capacity of 40 people and a speed of 65 kilometers per hour. And since 1983, it will start producing a modernized version of the Polesie, which is already taking on board 53 people at the same speed. 
Rockets and Meteors were getting old. In the Central Design Bureau of R. Alekseev, new projects were created. In 1973, the Feodosia shipyard launched the second generation SPK "Voskhod".
Voskhod is a direct receiver of the Rocket. This vessel is more economical and more spacious (71 people). 
In 1980, at the Shipyard named after Ordzhonikidze (Georgia, Poti) opens the production of SPK Kolkhida. The speed of the vessel is 65 km / h, passenger capacity is 120 people. In total, about forty ships were built. At present, only two are in operation in Russia: one vessel on the St. Petersburg - Valaam line, called "Triada", the other in Novorossiysk - "Vladimir Komarov". 
In 1986, in Feodosia, a new flagship of the sea passenger SPK, the two-deck "Cyclone", was launched, which had a speed of 70 km / h and took on board 250 passengers. Operated in Crimea, then sold to Greece. In 2004 he returned to Feodosia for repairs, but it is still there in a half-disassembled state. 
Course work.
Completed:
student gr. I-42 ___________________ Kostyuk Yu.A.
Supervisor:
Senior teacher _____________ Byshik V.I.
Gomel 2004.
Course work consists of pages. For writing my term paper, I used literature titles and sources.
Key words are: river transport, river fleet, ship, vessel, waterway, canal, port, cargo, berth, carrying capacity, USSR, river, barge.
The purpose of my course work is to study the technical and economic development of river transport in the USSR in the specified period of time, as well as the participation of Ukrainian river transport in the elimination of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
Introduction 4
Chapter 1. Historiography. 6
Chapter 2. River transportation. nine
Chapter 3. The main types of ships in the river fleet. eleven
Chapter 4. Participation of the river fleet in the elimination of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. eighteen
Conclusion. 23
List of sources and literature. 26
Introduction.
River transport is an important link in the unified transport system of the USSR.
Transport as a branch of material production plays a very important role in the economic life of the country.
Despite the seasonality of work, the river fleet has a number of advantages over other modes of transport. River transport is highly economical when transporting bulk cargo due to the large carrying capacity of its rolling stock. So, a motor ship of the "Volgo-Don" type with a capacity of 1800 liters. with. transports 5 thousand tons of cargo. To transport such a quantity of goods by rail, four trains and four locomotives with a capacity of 1,500 liters are needed. with. each.
The efficiency of the use of traction means of river transport in comparison with railway transport is very indicative. For example, productivity is 1 liter. with. in ton-kilometers on the Volga it is higher than on the parallel to it the Kuibyshev railway, for the transportation of dry cargo vessels by about 10 times, oil cargo - 24 times.
One of the most important indicators of the quality of transport is the speed of delivery of goods. Until the 60s, it was much lower in river transport than in rail transport. After the 60s, new cargo ships provide the same delivery speeds as trains. When determining the advantages of certain types of transport, along with reducing the time of delivery of goods, the cost of transportation is of great importance. The average cost of transporting goods, for example, along the Volga, is 2-2.5 times lower than on railways running parallel to waterways. The cost of delivery of goods in a mixed rail-road-water communication is also lower than in a direct rail
The cost of railroad work on rivers is also lower: for 1 km of track, 3.5-4.5 times are required, less capital investments than on railways, and about 6 times less than on roads.
The Soviet Union had the world's widest network of inland waterways of about 150 thousand rivers with a total length of about 3 million km, of which more than 500 thousand km can be used for navigation. ...
The object of research of my course work is the river transport of the USSR in the period from the beginning of the 60s to the end of the 80s. The research method is comparative-historical.
The purpose of my course work is to study the technical and economic development of river transport in the USSR during the specified period of time, as well as the participation of Ukrainian river transport in the elimination of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident with the help of literature and sources that were available to me.
On the history of river transport, there are many works, both historical and works that reveal the technical side of river transport. But none of those works that I used in the process of writing a term paper does not fully cover the period of time I am considering. Only the cumulative use of these works allowed me to consider this period of time in the history of the development of river transport in the USSR.
1. Historiography.
To write my term paper, I mainly used literature.
In the "Great Soviet Encyclopedia" I took the material for the introduction - this is information about what place river transport occupies in the transport system of the USSR, as well as information about how much this type of transport is more profitable than other types of transport.
A lot of material for my term paper is contained in the books "River Transport for 50 Years of Soviet Power" and "River Transport for 60 Years of Soviet Power". These two books contain a lot of similar information, which made it difficult to work with this literature. From these books I used information about: what ships were built and when; that the increase in freight traffic on waterways was facilitated by large construction projects such as the BAM; how much and what kind of cargo was transported along various rivers and shipping canals; how, where and how the port economy was improved and new river terminals built; that new passenger ships and new icebreakers were being commissioned; information on the length of the USSR waterways; new types of watercraft, both self-propelled and non-self-propelled, were created, which was of great importance for the growth of carrying capacity and increasing cargo flows along the rivers; what innovations have taken place in river transport in the 60s - 80s (the emergence of new types of ships on air cushions and hydrofoils; equipping ships with new means of communication; equipping river ships with drinking installations of the "Ozone 4" type; new types of berths; new propulsion and steering systems; new materials for building ships); systems were created to prevent pollution of rivers and lakes from ship runoff; during this time the ships were equipped with new electro-radio navigation equipment; the conditions for finding crews on board have improved.
In addition to literature, I used data that I found on the Internet at the ww site. r i. , on the length of waterways in 1977, on an increase in the number of tankers by 5 times in the period from 1960 to 1970, as well as information on the commissioning of 11 km. mooring front, 245 gantry and 113 floating cranes.
To write chapters containing the technical characteristics of various ships, as well as describing the principles of the movement of hydrofoils, hovercraft and speedboats, I used the following literature: Fukelman V.L. “Life of a Ship”; Shapiro L.S. "The fastest ships"; Syrmay L.G. "Ship. Its past, present and future. " ; Yakovlev I.I. "Ships and shipyards." ; Linko S.I. "" Ship story ""; L.M. Krivonosov “What are the ships”; Shkuratov V.G., Vershinina V.G. “Ways of technical development of river transport of the BSSR”; Central Research Institute of Shipbuilding Technology. // Issue 135. "Shipbuilding." M. 1973. ; Lipilin V.G., Krylov A.N. ...
In the book of Fukelman V.L. "Ship life." I used information about the principles of movement of airplanes and information about hovercraft of the skeg type.
From the work of L.S. Shapiro. "The fastest ships." I used the information that the Blue Bird speedboat set a speed record of 237 knots in 1958, as well as the hydrofoil entry process and the general principles of operation of various types of hovercraft.
In the work of Syrmay L.G. "Ship. Its past, present and future. " contained information about tankers, about the stability of hydrofoil ships, about the dependence of speed on the mass of the ship to enter the planing mode.
From the book of I.I. Yakovlev. "Ships and shipyards." I used information on the general principles of the movement of gliders and air cushion ships.
Linko S.I. "The ship's true story." the shapes of the bottom of the gliders, the most convenient for these ships, were described, the general characteristics of the largest hydrofoil ship of that time, which was called "Sputnik", and, also, the principles of operation of hovercraft of the nozzle scheme were described.
From the work of L.M. Krivonosov. "What are the ships." I used the information that clean planing is possible on small boats such as scooters; information on the principles of hydrofoil movement and information that in 1943 the first hydrofoil boat was built at the Krasnoye Sormovo shipyard.
In the work of V.G. Shkuratov. and Vershinina V.G. "Ways of technical development of river transport in the BSSR." contained information about the insufficient seaworthiness of gliders, about the increase in speed of hydrofoil ships and about the principles of control of hovercraft.
In the magazine "Shipbuilding." I learned that lifting force acts on the hydrofoils and the higher the speed of the ship, the stronger the lifting force acts on the hydrofoils; I also learned about the stability of hovercraft.
(And not only river.)
Something struck me for sentimentality.
This is how it happens - you live and keep thinking - "But I will do this. But then."
And then something happens - and this "then" never comes.
That's how I - when we moved to Togliatti - dreamed of "floating" (well, I'm a passenger, they'll take me;) to Volgograd on a "Meteor", even encouraged my father to do this - but somehow it didn't work out.
And even when I studied at the institute - I never used "Meteors" and "Rockets" - although I could.
And then Perestroika happened and the 91st year ...
And all the river transport was slowly covered with a copper basin.
But it was the same ...
Original taken from rivershkiper c As if a steamer goes to heart - 13 - from the heritage of S.O. Fridlyand
Quite a long time ago I published photographs of the Volga, found in the state archive. Although ... Google now do not understand whose office at all, but this archive lay on their resources with an imprinted logo of the shark of the pen of imperialism - the magazine LIFE. The magazine seemed to be bent down safely, but the archive, thank God, is alive. Photo archive. Then I pulled out only the naval pictures. There was something to see. Old Volga chariots, a new three-deck "Gastello" that has just arrived on the Volga, now encircled in "Alexei Tolstoy". And the magic of names like "Stalingrad" or "Stavropol" written on the marinas (we are talking about Stavropol-on-Volga - now Togliatti) is doing its job - I make a stand on such things, like a trained dog :)
In general, anyone interested - here is the publication "How the Americans rode down the Volga."
Now - the American archive again. This time we will gut the digital photo archive of the University of Denver library. One can only guess how the prints and negatives of Semyon Osipovich Fridlyand, a Soviet photographer and photojournalist for the Ogonyok magazine, got there. The archive there is not small - about 17 thousand frames. Everything was scanned in a row - that is, the same object can be in several copies. Still to be disassembled. Themes are the Great Patriotic War, the Pacific Fleet of the 50s, the Soviet army of the first post-war years - that is, various photo cuts of the history of our country. In the meantime, the river and the sea. I hope this is only the first publication on the work of S.O. Fridlyand.
Someone will definitely say - they say this is the front side of life in the USSR. Yes, front door. And it's very good that we can see her. Lovers of digging mud are now the sea, but talking about good things is much more pleasant. In general - as always
The other day I was at the river station - I immediately remembered the right bow anchor, which came out "the devil" - that is, resting its horns on the ship's hull. Rivermen did not allow themselves this before. In these frames, there is no anchor that came out the devil. On them the fleet, which worked under the red flag in the middle of the twentieth century on the rivers and seas. The photographs were not subjected to any processing or cropping by me. Where could, vessels were identified.
1948, in the lock of DneproGES 
diesel-electric ship of the Murmansk Shipping Company "VolkhovGES" 
project 564, type "DneproGES", a total of 6 such vessels were built 
Mariinsky Canal, 50s. Steamship "G. Dimitrov" of Sheksninsky river shipping company is heading to the lock 
steamer "G. Dimitrov" leaving the lock, Mariinsky Canal, 50s 
steam sea tug of the FIN-500 project "Vladivostok" in the Belomorkanal lock 
small fishing trawlers (MRT) in the Belomorkanal lock. 50s. In the foreground "North" and "Vyg" 
in the lock of the Rybinsk hydroelectric power station, a tanker barge with a capacity of 9 thousand tons. 
the very first. not yet serial Rocket 
Apparently, she was photographed during the first flight to Moscow, when the author of the project, R.E. Alekseev, was on board 
it was quite different from the serial ships. She worked until the 80s of the last century. 
later, the Rockets will be built at the Sormovsky plant in Gorky and in Feodosia at the More plant 
tug "Kasprybflot" 
steamer "Radishchev" in the lock of the Volga-Don canal 
steamer "Lomonosov" on the Volga 
built by order of the steamship company "Rus" in 1905. In 1965 he was removed from work and decommissioned. In 2003, the steamer was burned and dismantled in the backwater of the Memory of the Paris Commune. During the inter-navigation overhaul of 1956-1957 at the Balakovsky shipyard, its length will increase to 102 meters - it will become the largest paddle steamer on the Volga.
agit-boat of the magazine "Ogonyok" 
motor ship project 588 "Bagration" 
built at the Mathias Thesen Werft shipyard in Wismar, East Germany, in 1958, transferred to the Volga Shipping Company in 1959. In 1999 the ship will be dismantled for metal in the backwater Memory of the Paris Commune 
motor ship of project 576 "Petropavlovsk". Built in 1958, will be dismantled in 1993 in Tchaikovsk 
steamer Garlinge in Arkhangelsk 
built in 1951 in the UK. In 1972, he will sink from an explosion of cement dust
cargo-passenger motor ship "Moskva" of the Caspian Shipping Company at the quay wall in Astrakhan 
built in 1896. On October 24, 1943, an explosion thundered on board - the ship was unloading in Krasnovodsk. In 1958, the ship was restored, the main power plant was also replaced - instead of a steam engine, two 800 hp diesel engines were installed. In 1972 the ship was decommissioned and dismantled for metal.
steamer "Akademik Bach" in the upper lock of the Gorodetskaya HPP 
built -1897
Christopher Columbus (1897-1918), Torch of the Revolution (1918-1920), Labor Front (1920-1936), Nikolai Pakhomov (1936-1939), Academician Bach (1939-1967)
decommissioned - 1967
Pakhomov Nikolay Ivanovich (1893 - 1938) - People's Commissar of the River Fleet (1934-1938)
Bach Alexey Nikolaevich (1857-1946) - a prominent Russian biochemist and plant physiologist. The Institute of Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences is now named after Academician Bach.
Other photos of this steamer can be viewed
steamer "Artem" 
steamers "Pavel Bazhov" (left, project 737) and "Vera Figner" at the Kazan pier 
tugboat "Bobrovskaya Zapan" and dry cargo ship Selvik in Arkhangelsk 
The steamer "Krillon" enters the Golden Horn Bay. Steamship "Gogol" is visible on the left at the pier 
steamers "Yenisei" and "Mogilev". The steamer "Yenisei" is clearly used as a berth - i.e. already out of service 
a view of Markin Square and the place where the river station of Nizhny Novgorod now stands. In the foreground of the m / v "Joseph Stalin" 
diesel-electric ship "Indigirka" 
The project was developed by the firm "De Scheelde" (Netherlands). The series was built at the shipyard "B.V. Koninklijke Mij Scheepswerf & Machinefabriek" Royal Schelde "(Vlissingen, the Netherlands). In the period from 1954 to 1957, 5 vessels of this series were built for the USSR MMF. 
"Indigirka" was built in 1957, in 1982 the ship was decommissioned 
steamer "Kirov" enters the lock of DneproGES, 1948 
and at the exit from the gateway 
the whaler "Hurricane" goes with the catch to the island of Iturup, to the whaling plant 
bunkering ship "Kineshma" is moored to the board of the submarine "Lena" 
"Lena" is the lead ship of a series of vessels of the same type (of which the previously published "Indigirka"). Built in 1954, decommissioned in 1983.
the turbine electric ship "Lensovet" enters the water area of the port 
motor ship of project 11 "Makhachkala" in the lock of Uglicheskaya HPP 
steamer "Msta" and diesel-electric ship "VolkhovGES" at the berth 
motor ship "Noginsk" project 576. Decommissioned in 1992 in Togliatti 
steamer "Kazan", received from Germany on account of reparations 
the steamer "Priozersk" and the Finnish-built steam tug "Ponoy" 
steamer "Vyatka" 
steamer "Primorye" in the port of Kholmsk, Sakhalin 
tugboat "Sormovets", project 10. 
motor ship "Kaluga" (project 11) in the port of Stalingrad 
steamer "Stanislavsky" 
construction of the tanker "Grodno" at the Kherson shipyard 
motor ship "Ukraine" 
built in 1938 in Copenhagen. He worked in Romania, was interned. Disassembled for metal in 1987 in Pakistan.
steam tug "Pasha Angelina" on the Khimki reservoir 
tugboat with a capacity of 180 hp Built in Kiev in 1937 at the Leninskaya Kuznitsa plant. Later it was renamed to "Nerl"
motor ships "Chermoz", "Karaganda" and "Bryansk" in the Kazan port 
Hydrofoil vessels (SPK)
In 1957, the first "Rocket"
project 340.
The motor ship was capable of developing an unheard-of speed of 60 km / h at that time and taking on board 64 people.
Following the "Rockets" in the 1960s, larger and more comfortable twin-screw"Meteora"
produced by Zelenodolsk shipyard. The passenger capacity of these ships was 123 people. The motor ship had three saloons and a bar - a buffet.
In 1962 appear "Comets"
project 342m, in fact the same "Meteora", only modernized for operation at sea. They could walk with a higher wave, had radar equipment (radar)
In 1961, simultaneously with the launch of Meteors and Komet into series, the Nizhny Novgorod shipyard "Krasnoe Sormovo" launched a project 329 vessel "
Satellite"
- the largest SPK. It carries 300 passengers at a speed of 65 km / h. As well as with Meteor, a naval version of Sputnik was built, called "Vortex"
.
But over the course of four years of operation, a lot of shortcomings came to light, including the high gluttony of the four engines and the discomfort of passengers due to strong vibration.
For comparison, "Sputnik" and "Rocket"
In Togliatti, it was turned into a museum, or a tavern. In 2005, there was a fire. Now it looks like this.
"Petrel"
- one of the most beautiful ships of the entire series! This is a gas turbine ship developed by the Central Design Bureau of the SPK R. Alekseev, Gorky. "Burevestnik" was the flagship among the river SECs. It had a power plant based on two gas turbine engines borrowed from civil aviation (with IL-18). It was operated from 1964 to the end of the 70s on the Volga on the Kuibyshev - Ulyanovsk - Kazan - Gorky route. "Burevestnik" accommodated 150 passengers and had an operating speed of 97 km / h. However, it did not go into mass production - two aircraft engines made a lot of noise and required a lot of fuel.
Has not been used since 1977. In 1993 it was cut into scrap.
In 1966, the Gomel shipyard produces a vessel for shallow rivers with a depth of just over 1 meter. "Belarus"
with a passenger capacity of 40 people and a speed of 65 kilometers per hour. And since 1983, it will begin to produce a modernized version "Polesie
", which is already taking on board 53 people at the same speed.
Rockets and Meteors were getting old. In the Central Design Bureau of R. Alekseev, new projects were created. In 1973, the Feodosiya Shipyard launches the second generation SPK "Sunrise"
.
Voskhod is a direct receiver of the Rocket. This vessel is more economical and more spacious (71 people).
In 1980, at the Shipyard named after Ordzhonikidze (Georgia, Poti) opens the production of SPK "Colchis"
... The speed of the vessel is 65 km / h, passenger capacity is 120 people. In total, about forty ships were built. Currently, only two are in operation in Russia: one vessel on the St. Petersburg - Valaam line, called "Triada", the other in Novorossiysk - "Vladimir Komarov".
In 1986, in Feodosia, a new flagship of the sea passenger SPK was launched, a two-deck "Cyclone"
, which had a speed of 70 km / h and took on board 250 passengers. Operated in Crimea, then sold to Greece. In 2004 he returned to Feodosia for repairs, but it is still there in a half-disassembled state.
