Secrets and mysteries of the country of Arikh-Usun
One of the decisive stages in the formation of the Mongol peoples was associated with the birthplace of the great mother of the Mongols, Alan-gua, writes the author of the article, Yevgeny Khamaganov.
Necessary remark: the question of why exactly the Tunkinskaya Valley should become the place where the Alan-gua monument will be erected has recently become more and more opportunistic. Many rushed to accuse, reproach, point out, condemn ...
What, they say, do Alan-gua and Khori-Buryats have to Tunka, Khongodors to Khori-Buryats, and so on?
I would not like to be engaged in the construction of sacral bastions and other pillars, but to look at the area in which it all began ...
So, according to § 8 of the "Secret Legend", Alan-gua was born from Horilartai (Horidoy) mergen and Bargudzhin-goa, the daughter of Bargudai mergen in the area of Arikh Usun (Arig Us).
The edge of the water
Since quarrels began in this Khori-Tumat land over hunting grounds, Horidoy migrated to the side of Burkhan Khaldun by the Onon River, where Dobun Mergen, a descendant of Borte Chino, married her.
Many previously agreed that Arig Us is a traditional nomadic place of the present Khori-Buryats in the Selenga valley, almost the place where Ulan-Ude now stands. This mistake has long been debunked by historians.
Historian Nikolai Abaev believes that the area "Arikh-Usun" still exists on the geographical map of modern Tuva in a slightly different dialect version "Aryg-Uzuu".
The Us River is located in the Upper Yenisei region, and, according to some sources, the reserve headquarters of Khan Arig Bug was located here.
But the second word "usun" from the word "mustache" - "water", clearly prompts us to think about a reservoir, and such that it is worthy of mention.
Since Baikal has already been named, only the Khubsugul region remains. Why Arig Us was here is evidenced by the fact that there was the country of Hotogoito, which was inhabited by the descendants of khori-tumats. Here live Tsaatns - the southernmost nationality that owns deer. Most likely, they are descendants of the Tungusic substratum Goa-Maral, the wife of Burte Chino.
The word "Arich" speaks of the northern edge - "arai", which, in principle, this area was for the Mongols of the XIII century, the time when "SSM" was written.
Not far from the village of Khuramsha, Ivolginsky district of Buryatia, there is a structure of clearly artificial origin, which the locals call “Obo Oelun-ehe” - a place of worship for Chinggis Khan's mother, which was erected by his order. Nearby there is also an obo dedicated to the Pied Wolf - Burte Shono.
So, we have two landmarks by which we can determine the approximate boundaries of Arih Usun. South - Khubsugul region, East - Oriole. Where is the West?
Land of the Great Prohibition
The Oka Valley in a number of sources is listed as the area where the Hori tribe left from the civil strife of the Early Middle Ages. Allegedly, there are even traces of the road along which they fled. Other sources say that this road was paved by the warriors of Jochi when they went to conquer the "forest peoples".
One way or another, this area can be called the Western landmark of the country of Arig Us. The hardest part of Their Horig - the Great Prohibition - was imposed on it in due time, by Chinggis Khan. Not only was it not allowed here on pain of death to cut wood and hunt - to live in general.
The center of this triangle Khuvsgul-Ivolga-Oka was the Tunkinskaya valley, the alleged birthplace of Alan-goa, the mother of all Mongols. Therefore, the Great Khaan established a reserve here in memory of his great ancestors and for future generations.
This is how the Mongol sculptor in the 20th century imagined the image of Alan-goa.
The monument stands on the banks of the Arig River in Chandman-undur somon
in the Khuvsgul aimag. Local residents of the Uryankhai consider her to be their compatriot,
since the "CCM" says that Alan-goa was born in Arikh-Usun
Photo: khuvsgulnews.tunshlel.com
This is evidenced by the fact that in the post-Genghis Khan period, only a very few tribes of Soyots and Tsaatns, who were close in language and clearly consanguineous, lived in these places. In turn, they were close to the Uryankhais. Namely, they, the tribesmen of Subede-bagatur, were ordered by Chinggis Khan to guard the territory of Ikh Khorig.
The fact that no one lived here is evidenced by the fact that the khongodors, being an offshoot of the ancient khori-tumats, appeared in the areas of Zakamny and Tunka already in the 16th-17th centuries, and they did not meet anyone anywhere until the region of the Irkut River. Thus, terte and shosoloks, closely related to the khongodors, lived in the Angara region.
The Oriole, too, began to be populated by newcomers Ekhirits and Bulagats around this time.
It turns out that the Tunkinskaya valley, rich and abundant in springs, was empty for several centuries (!) (!!!). But, going here, the Khongodors knew where they were going. They return to the land of their great ancestors, preserved for them at the behest of Chinggis Khan.
The last khan of Arih Usun
Great khans were buried here, - the researcher Galdan Lenkhoboev, who at one time studied Ooo Oelun, wrote about Arig Us. The fact that Chinggis Khan's mother herself was buried here, he did not say, pointing only to the place of her worship.
But, according to his data, somewhere here rests Arig Buga, the youngest son of Tolui and Sorkhokhtani-beki.
The fact that he was so named - "Buga, (ie red deer), from the area of Arig" is clearly not accidental. Perhaps his parents were on a trip around this area, since the youngest son of Chinggis Khan Tolui owned the Root Ulus of the Mongol Empire, which included Arig Us.
While his elder brothers Mongke and Khubilai were at war with China, Arig Buga gathered around him traditionalists who believed that the Mongols had nothing to do in China. They say, defeated and enough. And it is better to destroy everyone than to fall under their pernicious influence.
When the Great Munhe-khan died, Arig Buga laid claim to the Golden throne. Khubilai had already openly become the Chinese emperor, abandoned the Karakorum, which for the time being suited Arig Bug, who settled in the old capital.
In 1260, two kurultai took place at once in different places, proclaiming both brothers the Great Khaans.
After several battles, tired of looking for allies among the other grandchildren of Genghis Khan, Arig Buga surrendered. According to the chronicles, he suddenly fell ill and died in 1266, thereby allegedly freeing Khubilai from deciding the fate of his younger brother. But, perhaps, Arig Buga was simply exiled to Arig Us, where he was subsequently buried.
Perhaps his father Tolui-otchigin is also buried here somewhere. Or maybe the Great Genghis Khan himself?
On July 22, in the vicinity of the village of Galbai, Tunkinsky district, the laying of the first stone of the monument to Alan-gua, the foremother of the Mongols, took place.
The self-name of the valley, according to the researchers, originates from Bargudzhin-Tukum - as the birthplace of a married woman. In mythology, the name Bargudzhin-Goa is found, she was the first wife of Horida-mergen from the marriage, which was born Alan-Goa, the ancestor of the golden family of Chingizids. The origin of Alan-Goa is indicated by the Mongolian chronicle "The Secret Legend of the Mongols" - "Paragraph 8. And about that tribal group it turned out as follows: Barguchzhin-goa, the daughter of Barhudai-Mergen, the ruler of Kol-barguchzhin-Dogum, was married to Horilartai-Mergen, noyna Khori-Tumatsky. The named Alan-Goa was the daughter who was born to Khorilartai-Mergen from Barguchzhin-goa in the Khori-Tumat land, in the area of Arikh-Usun. "
According to shamanic beliefs, Bargudzhin-Goa is the spirit of the Bolon-Tumar lakes. This was reflected in shamanic invocations, in oral folk art.
Historical sources and Mongolian mythology indicate that Alan-Goa is the foremother of the Genghis Khan family. Her son became the head of the tribe he conquered and was the ancestor of Genghis Khan.
Some consider Barguzhin-Goa to be the "master spirit" of the source of the Barguzin River, others Sagan-baatar khan. According to local beliefs, the timeliness and abundance of rains depend on them "- in his research work" Cult places of the Barguzin Valley ", the candidate of historical sciences B.TS.Gomboev asserts. This is also mentioned by K.M. Gerasimova (Gerasimova, 1969). K.M. Gerasimova also noted that when naming the owners of the area, the informants first mention either one Barguzhin-goa, or add the bator Sagaan-khan after it. Timely and sufficiently heavy rains depend on the owners of Boolen-Tumar. " (Gerasimova, 1969).
As the researcher of shamanism BD Bazarov writes, the “master spirit” of the Bata-saagan noen mountain is a blacksmith on the Eastern side with a place of residence on the Boolen-Tumar mountain, directly adjacent to the lake of the same name, where the Barguzin river originates. Since ancient times, shamans called Lake Boolon-Tumar Khataalgyn-nuur, in translation - "a trough in which iron is tempered." Bata-sagaan noen, being a student of Bahar-khar noen, was a part of his forge Bay-gal (B.V. Bazarov, 2000). Perhaps this series includes the message of Rashid-Ad-Din, which speaks of the relationship between the ancestors of the clan and the iron mountain, the holiday of the White month and Genghis Khan: “as a result, people do not forget about that mountain, iron smelting and blacksmithing, the Genghis Khan family has a custom and rule on that night, which is the beginning of the New Year (Tsagansar B. Ts. Gomboev.) To prepare bellows, forge and coal; they will smash some iron and, putting it on an anvil, beat it with a hammer and stretch out into a strip in gratitude for their release (Rashid-ad-Din, 2002, ".
The III International Bargut Festival (2015) in the Republic of Buryatia, in the Barguzinsky and Kurumkansky districts is a landmark event in the history of the Buryat people. It proves once again that the country of Bargudzhin-Tokum and its inhabitants - the Bargut tribes and many other tribes played an important role in the creation of the Mongolian state, in the formation of the Buryat ethnos. The III International Bargut Festival is a historical argument that the country of Bargudzhin-Tukum, Borte-chino, Barga-Bator, Bargudzhin-Goa are famous in the Mongolian world, and are significant in the Mongolian world.
The name of Alan-goa, the ancestor of the Golden clan of the Chinggisids, the foremother of Genghis Khan, is sacred for the Mongolian ethnos. As established the origin of the ancestors of Alan-Goa is associated with the country of Bargudzhin-Tukum, the center, which, according to scientists, was the Barguzin Valley. Considering all this, one of the main decisions of the III International Bargut Festival (2015) was the installation of the Alan-Goa monument in the Barguzin Valley, in the Kurumkan region.
In order to implement this decision in the Kurumkansky district, a discussion of this issue was held in the administration of the municipal district "Kurumkansky district" (2015). An important problem was the choice of the site for the installation of the Alan-Goa monument, which would correspond to the status and historical significance of the Foremother of Genghis Khan. Initially, the area was considered Shamanka, near the Deedi-Babaay mountain, which patronizes the upper reaches of the Barguzin River. But, due to the fact that this peak is located in the depths of the Kurumkan region, it is difficult to access for tourists and residents of the region, this option has become unacceptable. The question of the establishment of the Alan-Goa monument at the foot of the Barkhan-Uula peak, which is most connected with its ancestors, including Borte-Chino, was also considered. But, here, too, there are specific conditions for the area - a place surrounded by forest, a small overview of the monument and the relief of the area does not correspond to the installation of the monument. The most suitable for the installation of the monument is the Khadagshan area, at the foot of the Maryan Mountain (Bald Mountain), from where the majestic Barguzin Valley opens up. But even these proposals require careful public discussion.
The solution of this issue requires a lot of time, since it is associated with the land surveying of the land allotted for the monument, these areas belong to the Forest Fund. Further stages of the construction of the Alan-Goa monument: the planning of the land plot, the project and ordering of the monument itself, the installation of the monument in compliance with all the traditions and customs provided for in these cases. The most important issue is the search for funding sources - sponsorship, patronage, within the budget, charity events.
According to the decision of the Bargut festival, the Alan-Goa Monument should be installed in the Barguzin Valley, on the ancient land of Bargudzhin-Tukum by the beginning of the IV International Bargut Festival in Choibalsan (Mongolia) in 2019. The presentation of the Alan-Goa Monument is presented to the festival participants as a report on the work done, which will be of international importance.
The Alan-Goa monument embodies the memory of all mothers. The erected Alan-Goa monument in the Barguzin Valley, in the Kurumkansky District will be a symbol of memory of all the mothers of the Barguzin Valley, all of Buryatia.
The ARD portal leads the appeal of the Buryat politician to his fellow countrymen:
In the photo: Alamzhi Syrenov, Chairman of the Tunkinsky District Council of Deputies
"At present, our republic, like the whole country, is going through not the best times. The tense international situation and the economic recession in Russia determine political instability in Buryatia. We feel all this, as they say, on ourselves. At the same time, in the republic as a whole and among the Buryat people, in particular, there is a steady tendency towards the revival of the national culture, the identity of the people and the determination of the role and place of the Buryat nation in Russia.
In this difficult period for the country, such a rallying of the people around their traditions is one of the most important factors in the stability of society. The revival of traditions strengthens the centuries-old friendship between the Russian and Buryat peoples and, given the right attitude to it, shows the further path of development. As we know, any crisis is the beginning of a new round of development.
In this regard, I am taking the initiative to build a monument to the legendary foremother of all the great Mongol khans to the Khori-tumat queen of Alan-Goa in the Tunkinsky region of Buryatia. I believe that this can further strengthen Russian-Mongolian relations, give a significant impetus to the development of the Buryat-Mongolian culture. At the same time, the Alan-Goa monument will contribute to the development of pilgrimage and ethnographic tourism in Buryatia.
The image of Alan-Goa, possessing a deep philosophical meaning of reconciliation and chastity, will help strengthen friendship between peoples and countries ", - written in the appeal of the chairman of the Tunkinsky District Council of Deputies Alamzhi Syrenov.
Reference:
The medieval history of the ancestors of the Buryats is full of turbulent events that influenced, among other things, the history of neighboring regions and peoples. The tribes of the Buryat mountains, taiga and steppes took part in military-political activity in Central Asia and South Siberia, were involved in trade, economic and cultural exchange.
By the 10th century, the Khori-tumats, one of the largest peoples of that time, occupied a vast territory between Khubsugul and Baikal, along the Angara, Lena rivers and their tributaries. The southern branch of the khori-tumats in a harsh mountainous land settled in the Tunkinskaya valley, the mountain Oka and along the banks of the Khubsugul. The "Secret Legend of the Mongols" reports that Alan-goa was born in the area of "Arig Usun in the Khori-Tumat land." She was the daughter of Khorilartai-mergen, one of the Khori-tumat leaders, who decided to move to Onon with a group of his supporters. This decision was epoch-making. The ancestors of the Buryats united with the Eastern Mongols and a new community was formed - the Mongols-Niruns.
The Mongol tribes known from the chronicles - the Borjigins, Tayjiuts, Barulases - attributed their origin to Alan-goa. The famous Persian chronicler Rashid-ad-din, who recorded the history of the Mongol rulers, wrote about her descendants as follows: “Those tribes that belong to the Alan-Goa clan and her sons are divided into three parts in the following division. The first is those that come from the family of Alan-Goa until its sixth generation, in which Kabul Khan was. All these people from among the sons, nephews and their Urug clan are independently called nirun. In the same way, the brothers of Kabul Khan and their clan are called niruns. The second is those who , although they are niruns, but they are called kiyat. They are the tribe that descends from the sixth generation of Alan-Goa, from the clan of Kabul Khan. The third are those who, although they come from the tribe of nirun-kiyat and the pure clan of Alan-Goa and were born from her direct descendant in the sixth tribe, Kabul Khan, called kiyat-burjigin. " Genghis Khan came from the kiyat-borjigins, and Tamerlane came from the barulases.
The image of Alan-goa remained in the memory of the Mongols as the image of a ruler who showed her children, future khans, the strength of unity using a simple example - a bundle of arrows that is difficult to break. In the Nine White Yurts in Ordos, at the center of the cult of Genghis Khan, the Mongol rulers performed rituals in honor of Alan-goa, calling her Sutu-khatan ("Majestic Queen") or Eshi-Khatan ("Queen of the Root"). The historical role of Alan-goa is that it nurtured the desire for unity and respect for ancestors in the Mongols.
Alan-goa came from the Khori-tumat people, the descendants of which today are the modern Khoris, Khongodors and Shosoloks. The descendants of Alan-goa in Buryatia are also tribes from the clan of Genghis Khan. Her personality unites representatives of clans living in different parts of Buryatia. Alan-goa was born on the land of that Khori-tumat branch that inhabited the mountainous regions a thousand years ago, therefore, her memory should be perpetuated, first of all, near her small homeland. The Tunka mountains are a worthy place for the erection of a monument to the beautiful Khatans, the daughter of the Buryat people and the ancestor of the Mongols.
