Giant pre-construction
The largest icebreaker in the world today is 50 Years of Victory. It was built in Russia in 2007 at the Baltic Shipyard. The construction of the icebreaker was started in 1989, then, due to a lack of funding, it was stopped and resumed in the late nineties. The length of the icebreaker is 159 m, the width is 30 m. The power plant consists of two reactors with a total capacity of 75,000 hp.
Such capacity could provide electricity to a modern metropolis with a population of 2,000,000 people. The displacement of the icebreaker is 25 thousand tons. The giant is capable of breaking ice up to 2.8 m thick at a speed of 18 nautical knots.
Champion Merits
"50 Let Pobedy" is the eighth icebreaker built at the Baltic Shipyard and is the result of a modernized project of nuclear-powered icebreakers of the "Arktika" type. During its development, the designers used the spoon-shaped bow shape for the first time used in the construction of the Canadian icebreaker Canmar Kigoriyak, which proved its high efficiency during sea trials.
The ship is equipped with an automatic control system complex, in which digital sensors of a new generation are involved. The system of radiation and nuclear safety of the power plant was also modernized, which received re-certification in Gostekhnadzor. The nuclear-powered icebreaker is equipped with a modern anti-terror security system. The ecological compartment of the icebreaker is equipped with the latest equipment for the accumulation and disposal of waste generated during the life of the vessel.
Icebreaker equipment
The crew of the icebreaker is 138 people, it can take on board 128 passengers. Comfortable cabins are equipped with air conditioning systems, private bathrooms and toilets, safes, refrigerators, TVs, DVD players and telephones. Passenger cabins are divided into standard, junior suite, suite, Victoria suite and Arctic suite. The infrastructure also includes a restaurant and two bars, a music room, a pool with warm sea water, two saunas, a gym, a sports ground, a shop, a library, a lecture hall, a hospital and a laundry.
Cruises to the North Pole are becoming more and more popular, although they are, of course, an expensive form of vacation. Many are attracted by the opportunity to visit the northernmost geographical point of the Earth, to see marine life in natural conditions: seals, walruses, polar bears. Passenger access to the navigation bridge is not closed practically around the clock.
Triumphal procession
Recently "50 Years of Victory" completed the next escort of sea tankers through the ice Gulf of Finland... More than 100 ships used the services of the world's largest nuclear icebreaker in the planned escort.
Atomic - ships built specifically for use in ice-covered waters year-round. They break the ice with a specially adapted bow and, in some cases, with their stern.
Nuclear icebreakers much more powerful than diesel ones. They were designed in Russia to ensure navigation in the cold waters of the Arctic. One of the main advantages of the nuclear power plant is that there is no need for frequent refueling, which may arise when sailing in ice, when there is no such possibility, or such refueling is very difficult. All atomic ones have an electrical transmission to the propellers. In winter, the ice thickness in the Arctic Ocean varies from 1.2 to 2 m, and in some places reaches 2.5 m. Nuclear icebreakers can travel in waters covered with such ice at a speed of 20 km / h (11 knots), and in ice-free waters up to 45 km / h (up to 25 knots).
Since 1989, nuclear power plants have been used for tourist trips to the North Pole. which lasts three weeks costs $ 25,000. For the first time atomic " Russia”Was used for this purpose in 1989. Since 1991, the atomic " Soviet Union"And since 1993 - atomic" Yamal". It has a special section for tourists. Built in 2007 " 50 years of Victory»There is also the same section.
such an icebreaker is used for cruise trips to Greenland
All ten nuclear power plants existing in the world (although one of them is actually not an icebreaker, but with an icebreaker nose) were built in the USSR. These ships were built at the Admiralty shipyards and the Baltic shipyard in St. Petersburg. Two icebreakers - river " Vaygach" and " Taimyr"- were built at the new Helsinki shipyards in Finland and then transported to Leningrad to install nuclear reactors.
icebreaker "50 years of Victory"
By far the largest in the world icebreaker is an " 50 years of Victory»Built at the Baltic Shipyard. The ship is equipped with a new generation digital automatic control system. The complex of means of biological protection of a nuclear power plant has been modernized. An ecological compartment has been created, equipped with the latest equipment for the collection and disposal of all waste products ship. Vessel belongs Russian Federation FSUE " Atomflot».
Icebreaker technical data« 50 years of Victory»:
Length - 160 m;
Width - 30 m;
Draft - 11 m;
Displacement - 25,000 tons;
Power plant - 2 nuclear reactors with a capacity of 75,000 hp;
Cruising speed - 21.4 knots;
The maximum fuel supply is about 4 years;
Crew - 140 people;
Passengers - 128 people;
icebreakers of the "Arctic" class
Icebreakers class " Arctic"- the backbone of the Russian nuclear icebreaker fleet: 6 out of 10 nuclear icebreakers belong to the Arctic class. Since these icebreakers were built for thirty years, there are some differences between them. As a rule, new icebreakers are faster, more powerful and require smaller crews to operate.
Technical data of the icebreaker class "Arktika":
Length - 150 m;
Width - 30 m;
Draft - 11.08 m;
Height - 55;
Maximum speed: 25 knots;
Crew - 150 people (including 50 officers and engineers);
Passengers: 100 people;
Marine propulsion system: two reactors - 900 with a capacity of 171 MV each;
Icebreakers this class have a double hull; the thickness of the outer case in places where ice is broken is 48 mm, in other places - 25 mm. Water ballast tanks are located between the hulls, which serve to change the trim in difficult ice conditions. Some ships coated with a special polymer to reduce friction. Icebreakers of this class can break the ice, moving both forward and backward. These are designed to operate in cold arctic waters, making it difficult to operate a nuclear installation in warm seas... This is partly why crossing the tropics to work off the coast of Antarctica is not among their tasks. As a rule, to ensure ship energy is sufficient only for one of the two reactors of the ship, but during the voyage, both are involved (at less than 50% of the power).
As a rule, the class " Arctic" there are all the necessary amenities for the crew and passengers: swimming pool, sauna, cinema, gym, bar, restaurant, library and volleyball court. For everyone nuclear-powered ships class " Arctic" there is Helipad, for two helicopters that can be attached to them, for complex flights or tourist cruises.
June 16, 2016 Baltic Shipyard-Shipbuilding launched the lead nuclear-powered icebreaker "Arktika" of project 22220... In the presence of several thousand spectators, the godmother of the icebreaker, the chairman of the Federation Council Valentina Matvienko, smashed a traditional bottle of champagne on the side of the icebreaker,
having sent the largest and most powerful nuclear icebreaker in the world from the slipway, the press service of the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC) reports.
« Today is a solemn day for the Russian nuclear industry. The world's largest and most powerful nuclear icebreaker "Arktika" came off the building berth of the Baltic Shipyard. A harsh region - harsh technology. I am confident that the Arctic icebreaker will give a new impetus to the development of the Arctic latitudes. I am very glad that young shipbuilders come to the industry and continue everything that has been accumulated by other generations of shipbuilders. Thanks to the shipbuilders of this creation. You look at it, and such pride overwhelms the country and the people who are building it. Thank you for keeping the Petersburg shipbuilding school. Our country is proud of the result of such work! Seven feet under the keel, great "Arctic", - Valentina Matvienko wished.
Kirovsky Zavod shipped a turbine for the icebreaker "Arktika" to the Baltic Shipyard >>
The day the atomic icebreaker was launched into the water symbolically coincided with the day of the start of the Economic Forum in St. Petersburg.
The General Director of Rosatom, the customer of the project 22220 nuclear icebreakers, Sergey Kirienko, noted in his welcoming speech: “ Today's event is a huge victory in every sense! A lot of work has been done, and today there are no analogues of such an icebreaker as "Arktika" in the world. Thanks to the staff of the Baltic Shipyard, everything was done according to the schedule, and by the end of 2017, the Arctic will be operational. This icebreaker is the most modern in terms of its characteristics, it implements all the technical capabilities that have never been used on other ships before. The icebreaker "Arktika" is a truly new opportunity for our country!»
After the command of the main builder of the lead nuclear-powered ship, Vadim Golovanov, to start launching, the detainee was cut, containing more than 14,000 tons of the ship's hull weight, the Arktika smoothly descended into the waters of the Neva River.
Ahead of the shipbuilders« Baltic Shipyard-Shipbuilding» completion of the lead nuclear-powered ship on the water, the contract deadline for the delivery of the order is December 2017 *.
* The construction of the lead nuclear-powered icebreaker LK-60Ya "Arktika" required the intervention of Vladimir Putin - only he could decide to move the project from 2017 to 2019. Serial "Siberia" and "Ural" will be commissioned in 2021 and 2022. Failure to meet the deadline, one of the key reasons for which was the conflict between Russia and the Russian Federation, may turn into a scandal: the president has already instructed to make "personnel and organizational and managerial decisions", the Accounts Chamber, the General Prosecutor's Office and the FSB will begin inspections. The customer, Rosatom, and contractors, in particular, USC, can answer. But one should not expect loud layoffs, because the project was launched even when Rosatom was headed by the first deputy head of the presidential administration, Sergei Kiriyenko.
In May 2017, Vladimir Putin ordered to postpone the delivery date for the lead nuclear-powered icebreaker LK-60Ya "Arktika" from 2017 to 2019. In addition, the president demanded that personnel and organizational and managerial decisions be made in connection with the failure of the state contract. In parallel, the Accounts Chamber, the Prosecutor General's Office and the FSB must check the project.
The second largest nuclear icebreaker in the world came off the slipway of the Baltic Shipyard >>
FSUE Atomflot (owns nuclear icebreakers, controlled by Rosatom) and Baltic Shipbuilding Plant (BZS, part of USC) agreed on the construction of the Arctic in 2012, the money for the icebreaker - 37 billion rubles - was allocated by the budget. In 2014, a contract was signed for another 2 icebreakers of the series - Siberia and Ural - for 84.4 billion rubles. Arktika was to be commissioned at the end of 2017, Siberia at the end of 2019, Ural at the end of 2020.
Turbines have become a key problem for Arktika. They were supposed to be supplied by the Ukrainian Kharkov Turbine Plant, but after 2014 the supplier had to be replaced by KEM (inaccuracy - in fact, KhTZ was not supposed to supply turbines; when in 2013 KEM won a tender for the production of turbine units, it was planned to be manufactured at the Kirov plant turbines should only be tested at KhTZ, where there is a special stand for this -). A source in the government says that there are no serious technical difficulties: the first turbine is being tested at the KEM stand, the second is to be tested by October. In USC they complained about personnel problems, a large time gap in the implementation of such projects, loss of competencies, rework of the technical project and documentation.
In general, the icebreaker contractors shift the blame for the missed deadlines on each other. For example, the USC believes that the manufacturers of steam turbine units (KEM) and electric propulsion systems (FSUE "Krylov State Scientific Center" - Krylov State Research Center) have become the weak links of cooperation. The Kirovsky plant reported that during the execution of the contract on "Arctic", inspections are being carried out, which "do not reveal any violations of the law on the part of the plant." The company added that Krylovsky State Research Center delayed the supply of generators for more than two years. Executive Director Mikhail Zagorodnikov of the Krylov State Research Center believes that the delay is due to the USC's fault: the competition was held for five months, while, although the technical project was ready in 2009, detailed design began only in 2013.
BZS also overdue the deadlines for the delivery of the diesel icebreaker LK-25 "Viktor Chernomyrdin", and FNPP "Akademik Lomonosov".
Now the atomic icebreakers Taimyr and Vaigach are in operation, the service life of their nuclear installations is extended, which cannot happen indefinitely, when the Yamal icebreaker leaves, only the 50 Let Pobedy icebreaker will remain from the Arktika class. If by 2022 there are only four icebreakers, this is not enough, since a sharp increase in cargo traffic from oil and gas fields, from Vostokugol and Norilsk Nickel is predicted, there are attempts to increase transit along the Northern Sea Route. By 2022, at least two new two-draft icebreakers are to be built.
Help 24RosInfo:
The lead nuclear-powered icebreaker of project 22220 is being built to the class of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping on« Baltic Shipyard» commissioned by the State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom (the ship was laid down on November 5, 2013) and will become the largest and most powerful nuclear icebreaker in the world.
The main characteristics of the nuclear-powered icebreaker of project 22220:
power ..... 60 MW (on shafts);
travel speed ..... 22 knots (in clean water);
length ..... 173.3 m (160 m at design waterline);
width ..... 34 m (33 m at design waterline);
height ..... 15.2 m;
draft ..... 10.5 m / 8.65 m;
maximum ice breaking capacity ..... 2.8 m;
full displacement ..... 33 540 t;
assigned service life ..... 40 years.
The first icebreaker appeared in the 18th century, it was a small steamer breaking the ice in the harbor of Philadelphia. A lot of time has passed since then, a turbine changed the wheel, then a nuclear reactor, and now they are hacking arctic ice... In our TOP there are 10 largest icebreakers in the world.
1 "Sevmorput", length 260 meters
Strictly speaking, this is an icebreaking transport vessel, as high as a multi-storey building. But "Sevmorput" is capable of breaking through ice 1 meter thick, and who can say that it did not deserve the title of icebreaker?
2 "Arctic", length 173 meters
Arktika is a nuclear-powered icebreaker launched in 2016, the first in a series of newest nuclear-powered icebreakers in the Russian Federation. The icebreaker can break and move in ice up to 2.9 meters thick.
3 "50 years of Victory", length 159.6 meters
Nuclear icebreaker class "Arctic" (sea, in contrast to the class "Taimyr", river), is distinguished by deep landing and impressive power. "50 Years of Victory" is a typical long-term construction, the construction of which took place from 1989 to 2007. Despite the long start, to date, more than 100 cruises to the North Pole are already under the ship's shoulders.
4 "Taimyr", length 151.8 meters
Taimyr is a nuclear-powered icebreaker that breaks ice up to 1.77 meters thick at river mouths to allow ships to enter. Features - reduced fit and the ability to work in extremely low temperatures.
Brother of "Taimyr", built according to the same project, but a little younger. The atomic equipment was installed in 1990.
6 Yamal, length 150 meters
"Yamal" is the same famous icebreaker, which was used to welcome the beginning of the third millennium at the North Pole. In total, the number of flights to the North Pole is approaching 50.
7 "Healy", length 128 meters
"Healy" is the largest icebreaker in the United States, on which the Americans for the first time independently reached North Pole in 2015. This vessel is literally packed with the latest measuring and laboratory instruments, as its main function is research.
8 "Polar Sea", length 122 meters
Another US icebreaker, the "old man" in the Navy, built in 1977. Home port is Seattle, but it looks like soon this icebreaker will be scrapped, and our Top Ten Largest Icebreakers will have to be rewritten.
9 "Louis S. St-Laurent", length 120 meters
Canadian "Louis S. St-Laurent" was built even earlier - in 1969, but in 1993 it underwent a complete modernization. It is the largest icebreaker in Canada and in 1994 became the first ship in the world to reach the North Pole off the coast of North America.
10 "Polarstern", length 118 meters
This German research vessel was built in 1982. The advanced age made its creators think about replacing it, and in 2017 "Polarstern-II" is expected, which will take over the watch of the Arctic patrol.
