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Presentation slides text content: Kuril Reserve The presentation was made by a primary school teacher at MBOU gymnasium No. 3 in Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Lyubov Nikolaevna Bespalova In 1984 on Kunashir Island and the small islands Kuril ridge organized first in Sakhalin region Kuril reserve. Consists of 3 sections. Area 65 365 hectares. Active volcanic activity is manifested on the territory: thermal springs, outlets of hot gases. There are many dormant volcanoes. On the island of Kunashir there is the Tyatya volcano, the cone of which is remarkable for its remarkable regularity. Tyatya volcano (1819 meters) is considered one of the highest on the island and the most beautiful in the world for its beauty and regularity of shape. There used to be a village Tyatino in this area, but after violent eruption volcano in 1973, people left it.
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ppt_yppt_yppt_y Boiling lake in the caldera of Golovnin volcano. It, of course, does not boil, the water in it is hot, but it gurgles from the evolved sulfurous gases. The smell near the lake is suffocating. Further, the water flows down the stream into the Hot Lake.
The stream along which water flows into the Hot Lake. Hot lake.
Pacific coast. Ancient lava flows with a columnar structure. Cape Stolbchaty is a unique geological formation in the form of a solid rock ledge rising on the very coast of the sea with a high sheer wall. The erupted volcanic rocks formed narrow 4, 5 and 6 coal pillars, the so-called columnar jointing.

Fumaroles are cracks and holes located in craters, on slopes, at the foot of volcanoes and serving as sources of hot gases. Bird's waterfall. Most big waterfall islands (12 meters), beautiful object Kunashira. Formed at the confluence of the Ptichaya River into the Sea of Okhotsk. In the pit in front of the waterfall, during the spawning season of salmonids, huge accumulations of fish are formed.
Climate The climate is maritime monsoon, characterized by a relatively warm winter and cool summer with big amount foggy days. Average monthly temperature air itself warm month(August) reaches 15.5 degrees. The coldest (February) is -4.6 degrees. Vegetation The basis of the vegetation cover is formed by forests, under which more than 70% of the protected area is occupied. Dark coniferous forests account for 60% of the forested area. Of the rare plant species included in the "Red Book of Russia", on the territory of the Kuril Reserve grow heart-shaped aralia, large-flowered and real shoes, Maksimovich birch, toothed and curly oaks, etc. Aralia heart-shaped
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ppt_yppt_yppt_y Large-flowered slipper (orchid)
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style.rotation Birch Maksimovich Oak toothed and curly Maple Japanese Chonos rhododendron (ornamental shrub) FaunaThe largest animal is the brown bear. Sable lives in coniferous forests. The fox and the white hare are numerous. Weasel and ermine are rare. Among insectivores, there are clawed and Far Eastern shrews. Of the 227 bird species recorded on Kunashir Island, 107 reliably nest, the rest are migratory, migratory and wintering.
The most protected species The most protected species: Birds: Japanese crane, kloktun, Far Eastern curlew, small swan, mandarin duck, eagle owl, eagle owl, Egyptian heron Mammals: sea otter, humpback whale, killer whale, sea lion, sable, seal: whale fish, bone fishes , Sakhalin taimen. Reptiles: Japanese skink

MANDARINKA A small size duck, weighs 0.4-0.7 kg. Remarkable for its coloring. Swims well. He rarely dives, only being wounded. It takes off easily, sometimes almost straight up. Unlike most ducks, the mandarin duck can often be seen perching on tree branches or on coastal cliffs (a semi-woody lifestyle). The female has a more modest coloration. They feed on seeds, mainly acorns, and aquatic plants. JAPANESE CRANE Possibly the most beautiful of the cranes: snow-white, with a velvet-black head and neck. He is also one of the largest cranes: the height is a little over 150 cm, the weight of males is 10-12 kg. The Japanese crane feeds on mixed food, but among our cranes it is the most animal-eating. The main food is fish, frogs and aquatic invertebrates - crustaceans, molluscs, larvae of aquatic beetles. FILINI has a total length of 62-72 cm, with a wingspan of 150-180 cm, with a wing length of 41-52 cm, weighs 2.1-3.2 kg. Females are noticeably larger than males. The eagle owl is a nocturnal and twilight bird, but in the north it hunts during the day. The eagle owl feeds on mammals - from hares to small mouse-like and insectivorous. Rodents make up the preferred food. Occasionally, owls also attack larger animals (female roe deer, young mountain goats). Great place birds also take part in the diet of the owl. Occasionally, owls feed on frogs and even fish. KALAN It is entirely a sea animal. Sea otter (Kamchatka beaver) is a large animal: its length is 136 cm, tail length is 30-36 cm and weight is up to 40 kg. The sea otter's fur is so valuable that in the past this animal was mercilessly exterminated. Catherine II had a sea otter fur coat. Fur can be worn for up to 300 years. The skin of the sea otter is extraordinary: it seems to "sit" freely on it. The wool of the sea otter is black-brown, with gray hair, extremely dense, warm, durable. In the water, the sea otter is in its native element, it swims quickly (up to 12-16 km / h), dives deeply, and frolics.
Sea otter feeds mainly sea urchins, all kinds of shellfish, fish, starfish, crabs, algae. It grasps the prey with its teeth and forepaws, presses it to the chest, and emerging, lies on its back and places the food in the folds of the skin. From here, he pulls out one hedgehog after another, breaks off the needles with his paws and teeth, gnaws through the shell and eats out soft tissues.
SCINCK JAPANESE Young lizards of this top view are blackish-brown in color with five light longitudinal stripes lost on the tail. In adult skinks, these stripes disappear, and they acquire a monochrome olive-gray coloration, against the background of which only more or less wide dark stripes on the sides of the body stand out. The length of the Japanese skink does not exceed 18-20 cm. SAKHALIN TAIMEN The Sakhalin taimen reaches more than 1 m in length and 25-30 kg in weight. Its meat is very tasty and fatty. In the sea, the color of the taimen is silvery, in the river the body acquires a reddish tint, like that of the common taimen, and 5-8 light crimson transverse stripes form on the sides. Like other taimen, it feeds mainly on small fish. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

Sakhalin Region, Yuzhno-Kurilskiy District

History of creation
The Kuril Nature Reserve was established in 1984 to protect the unique volcanic landscapes of the Southern Kuriles, as well as the very peculiar flora and fauna of the region, marine and coastal ecosystems.
The reserve includes three sites located on the island of Kunashir and the adjacent islands of the Lesser Kuril ridge (Demina, Oskolki) with a total area of 65.4 thousand hectares.

Physical and geographical features
The northern (Tyatinsky) section of the reserve is located in the foothills and mountains in the north of Kunashir. Its borders include the volcanoes Rurui (1485 meters high) and Tyatya (1822 meters). The central part of the southern (Alekhinsky) site is occupied by the Golovnin volcano caldera (541 meters). At its bottom there are two mineralized lakes - Hot and Kipyashchee, more than 30 meters deep.
Many rivers and streams of the reserve flow into the Sea of Okhotsk and Pacific Ocean... Most of them can be attributed to the mountain type. The longest river of the reserve is Tyatina, which originates, respectively, in the foothills of Tyat.
The climate of the Kuril ridge is humid and marine. In winter, there are usually no severe frosts; the average temperature in February is -5 ° C. Summer is not very hot, the average temperature of the warmest month, August, is about + 16ºC. In summer and autumn, there are powerful tropical cyclones - typhoons, with abundant rains and stormy winds.

Diversity of flora and fauna
The basis of the vegetation cover in the reserve is forests, for the most part dark conifers, which occupy almost three quarters of the territory. They are represented in Kunashir and Shikotan, the rest of the small islands of the Small Ridge are treeless and covered with forb meadows.
It is interesting that 10 plant species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation are found in Russia only in Kunashir. These are Japanese maple, Maksimovich birch, low wolf leaf, Chonos rhododendron and other plants.
The uniqueness of the wildlife of the reserve is due to the fact that the northern border of the distribution of many species found in Japan, Korea and China passes here. In addition, the fauna of the reserve has several endemic species, such as the Shikotan vole.
Kunashir is home to the brown bear, chipmunk, sable, weasel and acclimatized European mink. The fox and white hare are also found on Shikotan.
The bird world of the reserve is unique, as Kurile Islands lie on the flight path of birds making seasonal migrations to the Arctic. During the period of seasonal migrations, summer migrations and wintering in the waters of the Southern Kuriles, dozens and hundreds of diving ducks, loons, cormorants, and gulls are observed.

What to watch
There are many natural attractions in the reserve that are worthy of your attention and a camera lens.
So, in the caldera of the Golovnin volcano, you can see the mirror lake Hot, the milky lake Boiling, the outlets of hot springs. The Veslovsky Peninsula is interesting as a nesting place for the Japanese crane. Noisy bird colonies and seal rookeries can be photographed at Cape Gimmerling near Lake Rogachev.
Climbing the slope of Tyatya volcano, you will see a clear change in the altitudinal zones of vegetation, as well as admire the side crater Otvazhny and the central crater at the summit.
The nature in the valleys of the largest spawning rivers of the island - Filatovka, Kamysheva, Saratovka, Tyatin is impressive; the Bird River attracts with a series of waterfalls.
In the deciduous forests of the Alekhinsky forestry, you will be introduced to rare plant species, will be shown the largest fumarola on the Kunashir Island and the outlets of hydrothermal waters, the remains of the sites of primitive people, Ainu and Japanese settlements.

Based on materials from oopt.info and zapoved.ru

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Presentation on the topic: Kuril reserve

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Location and history of the creation of the Kuril reserve. The Kurilskiy reserve is located in the South Kuril region of the Sakhalin region on the island of Kunashir and the adjacent islands of the Lesser Kuril ridge (Demina, Oskolki (Lisyi, Shishki; rocks Peshchernaya, Parus, Svecha, Kira)) Kunashir island is the most south island The Great Kuril Ridge, separated from Japan by a narrow strait. The island stretches from southwest to northeast for 123 km. In the northern part, the island expands to 30 km, and in places narrows to 4 km. The total area of the reserve is 65 365 hectares, the area of protected zones is 41 465 (excluding the sea area). The central estate of the reserve is located in the village. Yuzhno-Kurilsk (administrative center of the Yuzhno-Kurilsk region). The Kurilskiy Nature Reserve consists of three separate areas: Site No. 1 North Kunashirskiy, area 49899 hectares; plot No. 2 Yuzhny Kunashirskiy, area 15366 hectares; section of the Small Kuril ridge, area of 100 hectares. The federal biological reserve "Malye Kuriles", administratively subordinate to the reserve "Kurilskiy", was established by order of the Glavokhota of the RSFSR dated May 13, 1983. № 163. The Malye Kuriles reserve is located within the South Kuril region of the Sakhalin region on the islands of the Lesser Kuril ridge: Shikotan, Zeleny, Yuri, Tanfilyev, Anuchin with adjacent rocks, gullies, reefs and one-mile area of the territorial waters of our country. The total area of the reserve is 45,000 hectares, of which 19,800 hectares are land plots, the water area is 25,200 hectares. The central estate is located on the Shikotan island in the village. Krabozavodskoe.

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The nature of the Kuril reserve. The caldera of the Golovnin volcano is unique from various points of view: scientifically, manifestations of modern volcanism, the originality of the vegetation cover, a rare entomofauna (relict species), the originality of soils, geological structure, geothermal manifestations; with aesthetic - the most beautiful natural object the southern part of Kunashir is a huge volcanic basin with mirror lake Hot and muddy, milky Lake Kipyashchee, separated by domes-pomace of magma during the last eruption.

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Animals Kuril reserves. The island's avifauna is the richest, with more than 260 species of 18 orders. The species composition of terrestrial vertebrates is not very rich. The largest representative of the fauna is the brown bear. There are also fox, sable, weasel, European mink acclimatized in the early 80s, hare, mouse-like rodents - gray-red vole, Japanese mouse, Shikotan vole, gray rat, 5 species of shrews-shrews. 7 species of bats were recorded. It is home to salmon species typical of the Sea of Okhotsk. In the freshwater reservoirs of the island there are 22 species of fish (pink salmon, chum salmon, symi, Sakhalin taimen, rudd, Dolly Varden char, catfish smelt, smallmouth smelt, sticklebacks, river flounder, etc.). In the coastal waters, there are largo or common seal, sea lion, Kuril sea otter, northern fur seal, several species of cetaceans (killer whale, humpback whale, gray dolphin, etc.). The herpetofauna includes 4 species: 3 species of snakes and 1 species of lizard - Far Eastern skink. There are 3 types of amphibians on the island. The invertebrate fauna is rich, unique, original and practically unexplored. Only 684 species of invertebrates are recorded in the Nature Chronicle of the reserve, including 617 species of insects. But this is far from full list... Almost every research expedition of this profile finds invertebrate species that were not previously registered for the territory of the region.

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Natural reserve "Kurilskiy": photo and description. Located in the South - Kuril region of the Sakhalin region on the island of Kunashir and the adjacent islands of the Malaya Kurilskaya. Kuril reserve presentation

Presentation on the topic: Kuril reserve

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