The airliner airbus a310 took off from. The Indian Ocean swallowed up Airbus. Airbus A310 incidents

Airplane crash statistics are boring things: most often planes die from collisions with the ground, and the human factor leads to this. But behind a dry listing of reasons and facts, a chain of unpredictable events can be hidden. It happened 23 years ago, when one of the first appeared in our country crashed in Russia. Airbus aircraft A310.

On the night of March 22-23, 1994, residents of Mezhdurechensk (Kemerovo Region) heard an explosion. At the same time, board number SU593 disappeared from the radars of the Novokuznetsk airport, which was making a flight from Moscow to Hong Kong. The dispatchers are at a loss: the crew did not give distress signals and did not report problems, they simply stopped responding to requests from ground services. The disappearance of the plane and the silence of the pilots - in such cases, the alarm is immediately raised and the search and rescue service is connected. So this time, an An-12 aircraft of the Air Defense Forces immediately departs from Novosibirsk to the Mezhdurechensk region, and a Mi-8 MGA helicopter is sent from Novokuznetsk. Rescuers outstripped local- after an hour and a half, he found a crashed plane in the area settlement Maizas (10 km southeast of the city of Mezhdurechensk). This information was soon confirmed by the commander of the helicopter: from the air, you can see the burning wreckage of the airbus, scattered within a radius of 2 kilometers.

The first sensation on the way is the strongest smell of kerosene. It looks like the plane literally crashed into smithereens. The smallest fragments are scattered along the slope of the hill in a 100-meter-wide ribbon, stretching for about half a kilometer. The largest piece of the starboard side that I have seen is three by four meters. Almost everything that remains of people is heavily pressed into the snow. Hands are visible somewhere, legs somewhere, backs somewhere ... Many passengers remained sitting, tied with belts to the chair. Among the dead, rescuers managed to find two children who were flying on this flight. One of the crew members decided to take them with him on vacation, to show Hong Kong.

There were 63 passengers and 12 crew members on board, all 75 people were killed. From the very first minutes of the investigation, the disaster began to grow overgrown with speculation and versions. Among them there were even fantastic ones: the plane collided with celestial body or became a victim of a UFO. Later there were rumors of a terrorist attack and depressurization of the aircraft, which caused the instant death of the crew and passengers. And rescuers note a certain oddity - the body of one of the teenagers for some reason is in the cockpit. At first, experts suggested that he was thrown there at the time of the disaster. But the transcription of the voice recorder recordings sent the investigation in a completely different direction. It began with the words: "Sit in my chair!" Further negotiations left no doubts: a child was at the helm of the plane.

News agencies with sources in the investigating authorities immediately released the shocking information. However, all competent persons unanimously declared: this cannot be true. Only a year later, the experts were forced to admit: one of the reasons for the disaster was indeed the actions of a teenager who found himself at the wheel.

At that time, as they say, we did not have enough conscience or courage to declare that the plane had killed a child. But the recording on the voice recorder and further investigation, which lasted a whole year, showed that other options were excluded.

But there were other factors as well. It took specialists a year to research each of them. They had to return to the moment the ill-fated flight departed from Moscow and followed the path of the plane and the actions of the crew literally every minute.

So, on March 22, 1994 flight SU593 Moscow - Hong Kong took off from Sheremetyevo. A310, named « Glinka » , was bought « Aeroflot » in 1992, together with the first batch of foreign-made aircraft. On their basis, the largest Russian airline established a prestigious international shipping division. A310s flew only overseas, and top-class pilots were recruited for these flights. The pilots had to have an impeccable reputation, at least 1000 flight hours and speak fluent English. All A310 pilots have been tested and trained in Airbus Industry. Moreover, out of 3000 pilots « Aeroflot ”was sent to the training of the best - only 16 people. Among them was the shift PIC (aircraft commander) of the Hong Kong flight, Yaroslav Kudrinsky.

On March 22nd, he shares the cockpit with a very experienced crew. This is the aircraft commander (PIC) Andrey Danilov, who has accounted for almost 10 thousand flight hours, more than 950 of them on the Airbus A310. And the second pilot is Igor Piskarev, whose experience is a little less. He flew 5885 hours, as a PIC he flew a Tu-134 aircraft, and moved at the helm of an Airbus A310 in October 1993. Yaroslav Kudrinsky himself became the commander of the Airbus A310 in November 1992. Prior to that, he flew Yak-40, An-12 and Il-76 aircraft. Flew over 8940 hours, 907 of them on Airbus A310. Airbus is equipped with an autopilot capable of controlling the aircraft during the flight. It would seem that a safe flight is guaranteed.

The Kudrinsky family, 80s. Frame from documentary National Geographic “A child at the helm of an airplane. Air Crash Investigation "

Among the passengers are the children of Yaroslav Kudrinsky, 13-year-old Yana and 15-year-old Eldar. Once a year Aeroflot » provided the families of the pilots with the right to a preferential flight. Captain Kudrinsky decided to take the children to Hong Kong for four days. For teenagers, this was the first trip abroad.

Three and a half hours of flight passed unnoticed. Andrey Danilov took the liner out of the busy Moscow air zone and, having transferred control to Yaroslav Kudrinsky, went to rest in the cabin - he was to have a return morning flight from Hong Kong to Moscow. The Airbus A310 left Novosibirsk behind and covered almost half of the 10-hour journey when Captain Kudrinsky invited the children to sit in the pilot's seat. At this time, the most technically advanced aircraft of Aeroflot » went on autopilot.

Yana is the first in the cockpit. The girl does not show much interest in flying the plane, however, on the advice of her father, she puts her hands on the steering wheel. At this time, Kudrinsky turns the autopilot control switch by 15 degrees, which allows him, without turning off the autopilot, to deflect the plane slightly to the left, which is immediately displayed by a special device - the artificial horizon. Small, up to 15 degrees, course deviations can be overlooked visually, but the artificial horizon catches all aircraft deviations and shows them on its monitor. Yana feels a spontaneous steering wheel movement and immediately realizes that her father turned the plane. The girl tells him about this and leaves the chair. Captain Kudrinsky returns the plane to its previous course.

Yana is replaced by Eldar. Unlike his sister, he takes the steering wheel with undisguised interest and immediately asks his father if he can turn it too. Kudrinsky Sr. allows and tells his son to look more closely behind the horizon. Eldar tries to turn the steering wheel to the left and notices that it gives in rather tightly, not at all like it was when Yana was sitting in the pilot's seat. The teenager leans more heavily, but cannot change course - the autopilot keeps the plane in the given direction, but Eldar does not know about it. Then the PIC applies the same technique - he again switches the autopilot heading 15 degrees to the left, using the same switch. The steering wheel in Eldar's hands smoothly turned to the left without much effort.

As in the last time, Yaroslav Kudrinsky returns the autopilot heading to normal mode, thereby stopping the liner rotation and the illusion of aircraft control at Eldar. It then turns on the old navigation mode, which instructs the autopilot to return the plane to Hong Kong. The wheel becomes unyielding again, but Eldar continues to turn it to the left. Then he leans slightly to the right, enjoying the role of the pilot. It takes a little more than three minutes. At some point, the teenager rocked the steering wheel more than usual, and the autopilot, mistaking it for the pilot's command, turned off. From that moment on, the huge liner begins to obey the child, but so far no one notices this. The light signaling of disabling the autopilot mode went off, but the crew did not pay attention to it. The pilots did not know about the design feature of the A310: the autopilot of this airliner turns off soundlessly. Eldar was the first to notice the trouble: he saw that the horizon line on the device rises strongly to the right. The roll increased with every second, and while the pilots were trying to figure out what was going on, he reached 45 degrees - this is more than the maximum allowable values ​​for the A310. In addition, an arc appears on the on-board computer screen instead of a line showing the aircraft's flight path. This usually happens when the liner prepares for landing and enters the waiting area above the airport.

The airbus goes in an arc at a speed of 650 km / h with a strong roll. The centrifugal force generated by the movement of the plane pushes everyone into the seats - its effect is twice the weight of a person. Frightened passengers understand the cry, bottles of mineral water and other small things. FAC Danilov wakes up in the cabin, realizes that something is wrong with the liner, tries to get up and go into the cockpit, but the overloads prevent him from doing it. Kudrinsky Sr. also cannot take the pilot's seat - centrifugal force rivets him to the side panel. The co-pilot Igor Piskarev seeks to take control and manually take the liner out of a dangerous position. But even before turning off the autopilot, he pushed his seat back all the way and now cannot take a working position due to overloads that have arisen. With a jerk, he manages to reach the steering wheel and grab it with one hand. The pilot forcibly turns the steering column all the way to the left, but the aircraft does not react. It moves in a steep spiral, losing altitude. The only one holding the helm is 15-year-old Eldar. The pilots have only one thing to do: try to explain to the child what to do.

FAC: Here you go! Hold the wheel, hold it!

2nd pilot: Speed!

2nd pilot: In the opposite direction! In reverse! Back!

FAC: Turn left! To the left! Right! To the left!

Eldar: Right? Can't you see or what?

But this turned out to be impossible: Eldar does not understand the jargon of the pilots. For example, the command "Hold the steering wheel!" The liner is entering a deep dive, and now it is heading towards the ground at a speed of 200 meters per second. For a few seconds, the overload caused by centrifugal force gives way to almost complete weightlessness, and everything that was not fixed in the passenger compartment and cockpit, including the passengers, turns out to be under the ceiling.

Piskarev finally manages to pull the wheel towards himself. The liner goes into the sky with a candle - the co-pilot lifted the nose of the plane too much. Overload again, this time 4 times. The plane flies up too steeply, the engine power starts to be insufficient. The liner seems to hang in the air. Yaroslav Kudrinsky takes advantage of this moment - he manages to take the pilot's place. But the plane again goes into a tailspin and starts falling from a height of 6 thousand meters. The PIC and the co-pilot continue to try to save the liner. With the help of the rudder, Kudrinsky almost succeeds in stopping the rotation of the plane. The A310 is coming out of a spin, but the pilots don't know for sure how much altitude they've lost.

FAC: Full gas!

2 pilot: The speed is very high!

FAC: Okay, that's it, get out, get out. Right! High speed. Remove the gases!

2 pilot: I got it right!

FAC: Quietly-oh-oh-nechku!

FAC: Let's go out now! Everything is fine! Slowly on yourself. Slowly. Slowly, I say!

Airplane hitting the ground.

The bodies of 22 passengers of the airbus were never identified. By decision of the Russian authorities, they were cremated all together. Meanwhile, the investigation of the disaster continued, and the experts had to work in difficult conditions. This was a precedent, the first time that a foreign-made aircraft suffered a catastrophe while flying a Russian airline. « Aeroflot » and Airbus Industry tried to soften the blow to their reputation - the lawyers of each side were very active, and the investigators found it difficult to strike a balance.

Investigation confirmed that the autopilot was on when the disaster began. This meant that even though there were children in the cockpit, the plane had to follow its own course. AND main question, to which the experts had to answer: what happened when Eldar sat at the wheel? As the transcript of the recorders showed, Eldar, unlike his sister, tried to turn the steering wheel before his father gave the command to the autopilot to turn the plane. The steering wheel did not budge, and the teenager made some effort. It was this action that led to the partial disabling of the autopilot.

Here we need to make a small digression. An autopilot is the on-board computer of an aircraft that controls its altitude, speed, and heading. The altitude and course are set by three tools: the rudder, which is responsible for turning left and right, the elevator and ailerons, which are the elements that determine the roll of the aircraft. These aerodynamic controls for the airliner appear as a moveable portion of the trailing edge of the wing. Eldar's actions led to the disconnection of the autopilot from the control of the ailerons. In fact, two and a half minutes before the tragedy, the roll rudders were in the hands of the teenager and began to respond to all his actions.

The peculiarity of this aircraft is that it does not have an audible signal for disabling the autopilot, but on Russian aircraft it does. Allowing his son to sit at the helm - although this is a violation - the commander of the liner was sure that if something happened, the crew would hear a signal and detect the disconnection of the autopilot. But on the A310, this signal is given by one small light, and the pilots may not know it.

There was one more reason why the crew did not understand what was happening: the instrument panel showed that the autopilot was on - after all, the device controlled all other flight parameters. When Eldar noticed a lurch on the artificial horizon, the plane could be leveled. But here the pilots are distracted by a false waiting zone - after all, Kudrinsky returned the plane to a given course. While they are trying to figure out what the matter is, the plane goes into a critical list. He cannot fly in this state and begins to lose altitude.

Could the plane be saved? To answer this question, the experts had to simulate a disaster on a simulator, which was located at the Airbus Industry plant in France. As the modification showed, the pilots overdid it, taking the plane out of the dive. All they had to do was let go of the steering wheel, and then the plane would not soar vertically into the sky. The A310 has a built-in self-preservation mechanism that will prevent it from toppling over even at very low speeds. It looks like, despite the training passed, the pilots did not know this. Simulator flights conducted by Vladimir Biryukov together with Airbus testers showed that if both pilots could not reach the controls, the automatic control system would independently restore a safe flight.

The fact that the plane was flown by a 15-year-old teenager was not the only reason for the crash. The conclusions made by Vladimir Biryukov demonstrated insufficient training of pilots for flights on the A310. Even people with special training did not know that the autopilot could be partially disabled, and did not realize that the plane was switched to manual aileron control mode. This feature of the A310 continues to allow pilots to change individual flight parameters. But modern pilots are warned about it.

After investigation changes were made to the aircraft documentation and the training plan for Aeroflot pilots. In particular , now in the operating manual for all Airbus A310s, a clause has been added spontaneous disconnection automatic aileron control when applying a force of more than 10 kg to the steering wheel for 30 seconds or more.

Crew « Glinka » He was buried at the Mitinskoye cemetery next to the firefighters who extinguished the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The grave of Yana and Eldar is located next to their father's.

• National Geographic has made a film about the investigation of the crash of Flight 593 « A child at the helm of an airliner », which featured in the 3rd season of the documentary television series « Air Crash Investigations » .
• On April 11 of the same 1994, a plane crashed in the United States. An eight-year-old girl was sitting in the pilot's seat; next - the pilot-instructor and the father.

Plane crashA310 near Mezhdurechensk - the disaster that occurred on the night of March 22-23, 1994 with the airliner Airbus A310-308 of Aeroflot. Because of a child who accidentally turned off the autopilot and took control, the plane went into a tailspin and crashed near Mezhdurechensk. All 75 people on board were killed.

Events

March 22, 1994 at 20:39 local time airliner Airbus Aeroflot's A310 took off from the Moscow Sheremetyevo airport runway and headed for Hong Kong. The 63 passengers taken on board had nothing to worry about: the A310 with the assigned name M. Glinka was one of the first new European aircraft delivered to Aeroflot's fleet just a couple of years ago, the aircraft was operated by experienced pilots, and 9 flight attendants worked in the cabin.

The flight proceeded normally and, 3.5 hours after takeoff, the crew commander called his two children into the cockpit: daughter Yana and son Eldar. When the plane flew in the Novokuznetsk area, he allowed first his daughter and then his son to sit in the ship's commander's chair. In addition, there was a family friend in the cockpit, also an Aeroflot pilot who was on the same flight as a passenger.

Before allowing the children to take the command chair, the commander turned on the autopilot. First, the commander's daughter, 13-year-old Yana Kudrinskaya, sat at the helm. She did not try to take any action to control the plane. After her, the captain's son, 15-year-old Eldar, sat at the helm. The teenager held on to the steering wheel, rocking it slightly from side to side. This did not bother the crew, as the plane was under the control of the autopilot. However, in the end, Eldar applied a force of 8-10 kg to the steering wheel for 30 seconds, which led to a partial shutdown of the autopilot, which stopped giving commands to the ailerons - the crew did not know about this feature of the autopilot. Also, the pilots did not notice the light indication, and there was no sound signal.

Eldar was the first to notice the roll of the plane and reported it. However, for several seconds both professional pilots could not understand the reason for the abnormal behavior of the aircraft.

The aircraft was banked to the right at a speed of about 1.5 ° per second, and soon the right bank reached 45 °, which is above the permissible limit. When the crew members noticed that the autopilot was disabled, they tried to take their seats again.

The co-pilot, having relaxed, strongly pushed his seat back and at a critical moment, due to overloads, could not return to his seat. The commander also, due to overloads, could not sit in his chair. As a result, in conditions of severe loss of altitude with a roll, the only person to fly the plane was a 15-year-old boy. He was even more confused by the fact that he heard many commands from three people while often not understanding the pilot's jargon.

In the meantime, the roll had already reached 90 °, and the plane began to lose altitude. In order to prevent further reduction, the autopilot increased the pitch angle to such an extent that the aircraft began to quickly lose speed and went into a stall. The co-pilot completely turned off the machine gun and managed to get the plane out of the stall by lowering the nose. The congestion lessened, and the commander was finally able to get his son out of his chair and take his workplace. The pilots brought the plane into normal flight mode, but could not recognize their spatial position in time.

The airliner Airbus A310 with 75 people on board touched the edges of trees and crashed into the forest near Mezhdurechensk. No one survived.

Airplane crash investigation

Search and rescue operations at the crash site took quite a long time: the remains of passengers and the wreckage of the aircraft were scattered within a radius of 2 km. Later, the found parts of the aircraft were transported to the hangar. aviation enterprise Novokuznetsk airport, where they were attached to the frame according to the shape of the aircraft. In the same place, representatives of Aeroflot and Airbus began to study the circumstances of the disaster.

The first versions of the causes of the disaster seemed exotic: the plane either collided with a natural celestial body, or became a victim of a UFO. These assumptions were based on the fact that the airliner flew at an altitude of 10,100 meters, strictly maintained all the specified flight parameters, the crew did not give any alarm signals, there was no information about the failure of any instruments, the plane was controlled by an experienced crew. Later, there were rumors about an alleged terrorist attack and depressurization of the aircraft, which caused the instant death of the crew and passengers.

The Chairman of the Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC) Vladimir Kofman admitted several years later: “ The case is unprecedented. At that time, as they say, we did not have enough conscience or courage to declare that the plane was killed by a child. But the recording on the voice recorder and further investigation, which lasted a whole year, showed that other options were excluded. After this incident, the journalists started talking in chorus about the "pilot's fault", the "human factor" in matters of accidents and so on. And we thought about something else - about the role of the co-pilot. After all, children were put at the wheel before. In fact, there is nothing wrong if the kid sits in the pilot's seat while the airliner is controlled by the autopilot. The question is: what did your partner do - the "technical reserve" of a happy father, while he was busy with his son? Instead of keeping an eye on the instruments and, if something happens, quickly take control, he went to the corner of the cockpit to shoot Eldar on a video camera. And he missed the moment when the boy put the airbus on manual control and did not notice the deep roll into which the plane went. When the pilots realized it, it was already too late ...».

Consequences

Changes were made to the aircraft documentation and the Aeroflot pilot training plan. In particular, now in the flight manuals of all Airbus A310s, a clause has been made on the spontaneous deactivation of automatic aileron control when a force of more than 10 kg is applied to the steering wheel for 30 or more seconds. During flights on simulators performed by Russian instructor pilot Vladimir Biryukov together with Airbus test pilots, it turned out that if both pilots could not reach the controls, then the automatic control system could quickly restore straight-line safe flight

Transcript of negotiations

The plane is flying over Novokuznetsk. Commander Jan's daughter sits at the helm.

Co-pilot: Novokuznetsk, Aeroflot 593rd, we are passing your point at flight level 10100.
FAC: Well, Yana, will you fly?
Yana: No!
FAC: Don't press the buttons. Don't touch this red one! ..
Yana: Dad, can you twist this?
FAC: Do you see Novokuznetsk on the left?
Yana: Are we flying so low?
PIC: Ten thousand one hundred meters.
Yana: That's a lot, right?
FAC: A lot ...

Yana leaves the commander's chair.

FAC: Wait, take your time ...
Yana: I'm already careful ...

The son of Eldar sits in the commander's chair.

Makarov: The pilot is filming.
Eldar: Are you filming?
Makarov: Taking pictures.
Eldar: Can I twist this?
FAC: Yes! If you turn left, where will the plane go?
Eldar: Left!
FAC: Turn! Turn left!
Eldar: Great!
FAC: Is the plane going to the left?
Eldar: Coming.

4 minutes pass.

Eldar: Why is he turning?
FAC: Does he turn himself?
Eldar: Yes.
FAC: Hold the steering wheel!
Co-pilot: Speed!
FAC: Turn left! To the left! Right! To the left! The earth is here! Eldar, come out! Get out, Eldar! Come out! Come out! Come out! Come out! Come out, I say! Full throttle!
Co-pilot: Got gas!
FAC: Full throttle!
Co-pilot: Dal!
FAC: Full gas!
Co-pilot: The speed is very high!
FAC: So! We leave! Right! Right leg! Remove the gases!
Co-pilot: I got it right!
FAC: Quietly-oh-oh-nechku!
Co-pilot: Bl ... b, again!
FAC: Don't turn right! Let's go out now! Everything is fine! Slowly on yourself, on the sly! Slowly, I say!
Short crackling sound.
End of recording.

In 1994, many mass media reported that on March 22 at 20.58.01 Moscow time in the area of ​​Mezhdurechensk a passenger airbus A-310-300 "Glinka" crashed.

It belonged to the airline "Russian Airlines" and operated on the route Moscow-Hong Kong. "All 75 people on board were killed."

In these messages, the indication of the exact time of the disaster, the flight number, the name of the airline and the liner itself were unusual. Otherwise, it was not much different from others who reported the same plane crashes in different parts of our planet.

But gradually, many newspapers began to focus on this particular disaster. Moskovsky Komsomolets responded to the results of the first studies with the article “Witnesses who do not disappear”. In it, in particular, it was noted that there is always a reason and even a number of reasons for which disasters occur.

“The last witnesses in this case are the“ black boxes ”, which keep a tape recording of everything that happens in the cockpit until the very last minute: negotiations with the Earth, commands, cries for help.

Airbus "Glinka", flying to Hong Kong with 63 passengers on board, suddenly disappeared from the screens and, without giving any signals, fell from a height of 10 100 meters. The rescue teams sent to the crash site found the wreckage of the airliner within a few hours. Parts of the tail, wings, cockpit of the aircraft were scattered separately from each other. Only heaps of ash remained of himself.

Airbus А-310-300

Of the three black boxes, only two survived. They were burnt and deformed, but the records in them have survived. They were deciphered in France in the presence of members of the Russian State Commission. The first versions seemed simply fantastic: the plane either collided with a natural celestial body, pulled into the gravity zone, or became a victim ... of a UFO.

These assumptions were based on the fact that the airliner flew at a 10-kilometer altitude, clearly maintained all the specified flight parameters and did not give an SOS signal. Later, there was still a rumor about an alleged terrorist act and depressurization of the hull, which caused the instant death of the crew and passengers.

News agencies put forward their own assumption: the pilots were allowed to sit at the controls of the plane for children. One of them pressed the wrong button, and the plane began to fall.

However, all competent persons unanimously declare that this cannot be true and nothing like that - in principle! - cannot happen. Russian scientist A.F. Chernyaev, analyzing the situation with the airliner, claims that there is simply no such button that can bring out the entire aircraft control system. The voices of children that are heard in the "black box" do not speak of anything by themselves.

Maybe the children were not even in the cockpit, but just stood in the aisle, watching the work of the crew. By international rules it is not prohibited at all. On the contrary, in an aircraft of this class, the doors should always be open during the flight so that passengers feel calmer and more confident.

Further events developed as follows. The aircraft commander is perplexed that the autopilot is suddenly making an unplanned maneuver. After that, the liner suddenly falls on its side and begins to lose height. The crew is trying to rectify the situation, but nothing works for them - something does not work there.

Only at the very ground did the pilots manage to level the plane, but then an explosion was heard. Last words before the explosion there were: "We did it ..."

Maybe the plane hit one of the hills, lost its wing and began to crumble in parts? The place where the wreckage of the airliner was found speaks of just such a fall.

At the test stand in Toulouse, Russian and French specialists have reproduced the A-310 flight many times. But even in the calm atmosphere of the earthly "flight", the technique refused to reproduce those unthinkable pirouettes that the dying liner wrote in the air.

After an unexpected descent from a height of 10,000 meters, the A-310 rushed to the Earth either in a tailspin or in a deep spiral. Even a coup on the back was recorded, which is completely excluded for transport aircraft. Thus, even after returning from France, the group of Russian experts was unable to name the cause of the disaster. It was only by the end of October that experts from the two countries seemed to have established it.

However, Russian citizens could not then familiarize themselves with these dramatic conclusions. According to international rules, a country investigating a catastrophe on its territory must first familiarize the manufacturer and owner of the aircraft with all the findings. It is hardly possible to get acquainted with these details even now, because the documents seem to have established that the life and fate of the 75 people on board the plane was really decided by the "child" factor.

The crew commander Kudrinsky took his children, twelve-year-old Yana and fourteen-year-old Eldar, to spend spring holidays in Hong Kong. The roll of the plane arose from the simultaneous impact on the control wheel of Eldar and the autopilot.

Here Eldar sits down in the left armchair, and his eyes flare up. Still would! Which of his peers does not dream of sitting at the controls of an airplane, and even during a flight!

The aircraft lifted its nose more and more, increased the angle of attack of the wing (that is, it seemed to specifically strive for a position ideal for stalling into a tailspin). At some point, this is exactly what happened with a car that was absolutely not designed for flying in this mode. It turned out to be just as unusual for the crew.

This disaster became one of the most tragic and mysterious in the Russian aviation. The Airbus was so technically advanced that there were only two people in its crew - the first and the second pilot. All other control was distributed among the electronic devices.

The last communication session "Glinka" took place with the city of Novokuznetsk at 20.49.47. The next one was supposed to be in ten minutes, but by that time not a single person was alive on the plane. In a few minutes, the liner will get out of control and begin its "death dance".

In the meantime, everything on board seems to be calm. It was calm on the ground.

A.F. Chernyaev, who has been studying the properties and effects of ether for many years, has repeatedly written in his works that there is a physical ether. The life of people taking off into the air largely depends on his behavior. The scientist was closely studying this whole situation with the Russian airbus and believes that by this time, apparently, the plane was already going in a dense ether-air cloud.

Its signal on the radar screens either already began to pulsate, or disappeared altogether. And if this was indeed the case, then the disappearance of the signal should have served as a signal to the ground controller that the plane was in danger. And then he would still have a few minutes to warn the Airbus crew about her.

By this time (20.51.15) the pilots were already (apparently under the influence of the ether) inhibited and inadequately perceived the situation. Devices under the influence of ethereal electrons also began to supply distorted information to the computer. From that moment, when Eldar began active piloting, the plane was doomed. The son practiced with might and main with the steering wheel, and soon the huge liner gradually begins to obey the child - in spite of the working autopilot.

The car began to lose the altitude and speed set by the autopilot. Soon, Eldar was surprised to see that the land "floated under the side." The autopilot tried to correct the changed parameters, according to the program laid down in it. Automatics began to "take" the steering wheel, Eldar turned it in his direction. For a while, piloting was carried out in two hands - an autopilot and a child, each trying to "convince" the other that he was right. However, as noted by A.F. Chernyaev, everything could have happened exactly the opposite: both the machine gun and the person worked harmoniously.

However, the moment came when the young man realized that the plane was turning on its own. To understand this, he had to not act on the steering wheel for at least a few seconds. These seconds would be enough for the autopilot to level the flight. If the aircraft's instruments hadn't been lying, if the airliner had been in a normal environment and had enough engine power ...

Soon the plane began to shake violently. Together with the shaking, a deafening roar burst into the cockpit, because powerful overloads arose on board. The car rolls to the left more and more, the shaking intensifies, but the autopilot is still working. Apparently, they are trying to remove Eldar from the seat, but due to the increasing acceleration and three-fold overloads, he is simply pressed into the seat.

The guy, distraught with fear, is being pulled out of the seat (father and one of the passengers), but then his foot accidentally rests on the right gas pedal. And the plane, going at an extremely low ("stall") speed and lifting its nose up to the limit, immediately falls to the right through its back. Pilots call this the "corkscrew". It was at this moment that the autopilot shutdown signal went off and the Glinka began its irreversible movement towards the ground. Prior to that, for fifteen seconds the autopilot fought with a person, creating dizzying manipulations with the plane. And only when the machine reached a critical roll, it (as indicated in the instructions for its operation) turned off.

True, at this time Eldar had already been removed from the chair, and passenger Vladimir Makarov was jumping in his place. The pilots seemed to feel in a familiar environment and began to take control of the situation. The crew tried to get the car out of a deep spiral by increasing the speed.

Prior to this, the state of "ethereal" intoxication did not allow pilots to simultaneously track several parameters, comprehend the situation and only then make decisions. The crew's attention was focused only on individual operations. This is probably why, in two and a half minutes, no one remembered about radio communications and about their duties to inform the ground dispatcher about all the problems on board.

At 20.58 the plane began to lift its nose and level out, coming out of a spin. At that moment, there was a visible hope for a successful outcome. But it was already too late! The earth was at a distance of three hundred meters, and there were four seconds left before colliding with it ...

Probably (and even obligatory), there are other points of view and other explanations for the cause of the Glinka airliner crash. After all, experts from the two countries could not establish its exact cause. But A.F. Chernyaev believes that it is impossible to change the physics of the ether, and it was she who invisibly played a fatal role in this tragedy.

March 22, 1994 in the area of ​​Mezhdurechensk (Kemerovo region) at 20 o'clock. 58 minutes The Airbus A-310, which belonged to Russian Airlines and was flying on the route Moscow - Hong Kong, crashed and crashed. There were 63 passengers and 12 crew members on board. The autopsy of the black boxes later showed that the cause of the disaster was the human factor, the crew's poor knowledge of this type of equipment and gross violation of instructions.

3.5 hours after takeoff, the crew commander Yaroslav Kudrinsky called his two children into the cockpit - his daughter Yana and his son Eldar, where, in violation of the charter, he allowed his daughter and then his son to sit in the ship's commander's chair. This circumstance was ignored by the other crew members. In addition, in the cockpit was a friend of the Kudrinskys' family - Makarov, also a pilot who flew on the same flight as a passenger.

Before allowing the children to take the command chair, Kudrinsky turned on the autopilot. First, the commander's daughter, 13-year-old Yana Kudrinskaya, was in the pilot's seat. She did not try to take any action to control the plane. After her, the captain's son, 15-year-old Eldar Kudrinsky, sat at the helm. The teenager held on to the steering wheel, rocking it slightly from side to side. Everything was perceived as distraction and the adults did not control the teenager. At one point, the guy swung the steering wheel harder and the autopilot, taking it for the pilot's command, turned off. In one second, the plane became obedient to the teenager, who continued to play pilots.

The light signaling that the autopilot mode was turned off went off, but the crew did not notice this, since design feature A310 is the lack of audible alarm for disabling the autopilot. Having tilted the steering wheel handle to the side once again, the boy put the airbus into a deep roll, which soon reached 45 degrees and caused an overload of about 5g. In the first seconds, both professional pilots for several seconds could not understand the reason for the abnormal behavior of the aircraft. And when the crew members noticed that the autopilot was disabled, they tried to take their seats again.

Contrary to the instructions, the co-pilot, in the absence of the commander in his seat, pushed his seat back all the way, which for a long time did not allow him to take a working position due to the resulting overloads. And the aircraft commander could not get into his seat for a long time due to strong G-forces and a large roll angle.

The situation was greatly complicated by the fact that the only person who had the physical ability to fly the plane was still in the left seat - the commander's 15-year-old son, who received and tried to carry out various, inconsistent and contradictory commands from his father, co-pilot and Makarov. According to the analysis of the soundtrack of the "black box", Eldar's attempts to rectify the situation were greatly hampered by ignorance of the pilot's jargon. As an example, the command "Hold the steering wheel!"

In the meantime, the roll had already reached 90 °, and the plane began to lose altitude. In order to prevent a further decrease in the autopilot (only the roll automaton was turned off), the pitch angle increased to such an extent that the plane began to quickly lose speed and went into a stall. The co-pilot completely turned off the machine gun and managed to get the plane out of the stall by lowering the nose. The congestion lessened, and the commander was finally able to get his son out of his chair and take his workplace. The pilots brought the plane into normal flight mode, but could not recognize their spatial position in time. Flying over the hill on low altitude, the plane caught on the edges of trees and crashed into the forest near the village of Maly Maizas, about 20 kilometers southeast of Mezhdurechensk.

Crew talks, chronology of events

Notation used in the text:

PIC - aircraft commander Ya.V. Kudrinsky
Yana - the daughter of the commander, born in 1981
Eldar - the son of the commander, born in 1978
2P - co-pilot I. V. Piskarev
Makarov - a pilot flying to Hong Kong as a passenger
E - someone from the cockpit

Before the disaster - about half an hour. The plane is flying on autopilot. In the cockpit are the aircraft commander, the co-pilot and two outsiders - the aircraft commander's daughter Yana and the passenger Makarov.

17:43:30: FAC [addressing his daughter Yana]: Come sit here now, on my chair, do you want?
17:43:31: PIC left his workplace
17: 43: 34-17: 43: 37: Yana sat down in the FAC chair
17:44:10: Yana: Dad, pick me up [Yana asked to lift her chair up]
2P: Novosibirsk, Aeroflot, 593rd we are passing your point at echelon 10 100.
17:47:06: FAC: Well, Yana, will you fly?
Yana: No!
FAC: Don't press the buttons. Don't touch this red one!
Yana: Dad, can you twist this?
FAC: Do you see Novokuznetsk on the left?
Yana: Are we flying so low?
PIC: Ten thousand one hundred meters.
Yana: That's a lot, right?
FAC: A lot ...
Yana tries to leave the chair.
FAC: Wait, take your time ...
Yana: I'm already careful ...
17:51:12: Yana left the PIC chair
The son of the commander of the Eldar aircraft appears.
17:51:47: Makarov: The counter is being removed.
17:51:55: Eldar sat down in the PIC's chair.
17:52:46: Eldar [addressing Makarov]: Are you filming?
17:52:48: Makarov: I'm filming.
Eldar: Can I twist this?
17:54:25: PIC: Yes! If you turn left, where will the plane go?
Eldar: Left!
FAC: Turn! Turn left!
17:54:35: FAC: So, look beyond the ground where you will turn. Let's go left, turn left!
Eldar: Great!
17:54:37: FAC: Come on, huh?
17:54:39: Eldar turned the steering wheel to the left by 3-4 degrees.
17:54:40: PIC: Is the plane going to the left?
17:54:41: Eldar: Coming.
17:54:42: FAC: Not visible, right?
E:< неразб>
17:54:50: E: Now it will go to the right
17:54:53: Makarov: You put him on the artificial horizon normally.
17:05:05: The plane began to roll to the right.
17:55:12: FAC: What do you, Yana, want?
Yana:< неразб>
17:55:15: FAC [addressing Yana]: Why?
Yana:< неразб>
17:55:18: FAC [addressing Yana]: In first grade, you will only sleep.
17:55:27: FAC [addressing Yana]: Don't run there, otherwise we will be kicked out of work.
17:55:28: From that time on, unnoticed by either the PIC or the co-pilot, a gradual increase in the right bank began.
17:55:36: Eldar [about the course of the plane]: Why is he turning?
17:55:38: FAC: Does it turn itself?
17:55:40: Eldar: Yes.
17:55:41: E: Why does he turn?
17:55:42: Eldar: I don't know.
17:55:45: FAC: Can't you go off course?
17:55:45: Makarov: He still turns the zone, guys. [Makarov suggested that the plane is leaving the holding area]
17:55:46: 2P: We went to the waiting area.
17:55:48: PIC: Yes?
17:55:49: 2P: Of course.
17:55:50: Makarov: Re-bya-ta! [Thus Makarov reacted to the rapid increase in vertical overload in the aircraft]
17:55:52: FAC: Here you go! Hold the wheel, hold it!
17:55:55: 2P: Speed!
17:55:56: 2P: In the opposite direction.
17:55:58: 2P: In the opposite direction.
17:55:59: 2P: Back!
17:55:59: FAC: Turn left! To the left! Right! To the left!
17:56:06: E: Right?
17:56:08: E: Can't you see, what?
17:56:11: Autopilot disconnected.
17:56:14: E: Turn right.
17:56:17: FAC: Right!
17:56:18: 2P: Yes to the left! The earth is here!
17:56:24: FAC: Eldar, come out!
17:56:26: PIC: Crawl back.
17:56:28: FAC: Crawl back, Eldar.
17:56:30: E: You see< неразб>No?
17:56:34: 2P: Ore for small!
17:56:38: PIC: Come out!
17:56:40: E: Come out, Eldar.
17:56:41: E: Come out< неразб>.
17:56:43: E: Come out.
17:56:44: E: Come out.
17:56:47: E:< неразб>.
17:56:49: E: Come out.
17:56:52: E: Come out, I say.
17:56:54: 2P: Full throttle! Full throttle! Full throttle!
17:56:55: By this time, the PIC had taken his workplace.
17:56:56: 2P: Gave gas!
17:56:57: PIC: Full throttle!
17:56:58: 2P: Dal!
17:56:59: E:< неразб>.
17:57:00: E: Full throttle.
17:57:05: E: I gave gas, gave.
17:57:08: E: What speed?
17:57:09: E:< неразб>.
17:57:13: E:< неразб>.
17:57:17: E: Okay.
17:57:23: PIC: Full gas!
17:57:25: 2P: The speed is very high!
17:57:27: E: Big, huh?
17:57:28: E: Big.
17:57:29: E: I turned it on.
17:57:30: PIC: Okay, that's it, we get out, we get out.
17:57:32: FAC: Right! Right leg!
17:57:35: PIC: High speed.
17:57:36: PIC: Take the gases away!
17:57:37: 2P: I got it right!
17:57:42: FAC: Quiet-oh-oh-nechku!
17:57:47: 2P: B ... again!
17:57:48: E: Don't turn right.
17:57:50: E: Added speed.
17:57:53: PIC: Let's get out now! Everything is fine!
17:57:55: PIC: Slowly on yourself.
17:57:56: PIC: Slowly.
17:57:57: FAC: Slowly, I say!
17:58:01: Airplane hitting the ground.

In the course of an investigation carried out jointly by Aeroflot and Airbus, changes were made to the aircraft documentation and the Aeroflot pilot training plan. And when flying on simulators, performed by Russian instructor pilot Vladimir Biryukov together with Airbus test pilots, it turned out that if both pilots could not reach the controls, the automatic control system would be able to intercept control and quickly restore a straight-line safe flight.

"(Computer reconstruction)

Fall from the echelon

Outsiders in the cockpit, unexplored features of aircraft instruments

Wreckage of A310 fuselage - fragment of the inscription "AEROFLOT"

Plane crash of flight SU593 took place on March 22, 1994 near Mezhdurechensk in the Kemerovo region. All 75 people on board were killed as a result of the fall of the A310 aircraft of Aeroflot.

The main cause of the crash was an unacceptable situation in which the aircraft commander put his fifteen-year-old son at the helm of the airliner, whose unintentional actions led to a partial shutdown of the autopilot. The secondary reasons were the undocumented behavior of the autopilot, and the absence, at that time, in the crew training program of decision-making rules in such situations.

Crew

Flight

Flight 593 was operated by Airbus A310-304 (F-OGQS M. Glinka) from Moscow Sheremetyevo Airport (SVO) to Kaitak Airport, Hong Kong (HKG). The crew commander Yaroslav Kudrinsky took on board his two children - daughter Yana and son Eldar. When the plane was flying in the Novokuznetsk area, Kudrinsky, in violation of the charter, allowed first his daughter and then his son to sit in the ship's commander's chair. This circumstance was ignored by the other crew members.

Catastrophe

Before allowing the children to take the command chair, Kudrinsky turned on the autopilot. The commander's daughter did not try to take any action to control the aircraft. After her, the captain's son, 15-year-old Eldar Kudrinsky, sat at the helm. The teenager was holding on to the steering wheel, slightly rocking it from side to side, which could not lead to disabling the autopilot by "overpowering". However, in the end, Eldar applied a force of 8-10 kg to the steering wheel for 30 seconds, which led to a partial shutdown of the autopilot, which stopped giving commands to the ailerons, which, in turn, caused an uncontrollable roll to the right side. Prior to this, this feature of the A310 autopilot was unknown to the crew. The light signaling of the mode shutdown went off, but the crew did not notice this, since the design feature of the A310 is the absence of the audible signaling of the autopilot shutdown.

Eldar was the first to notice the roll of the plane and reported this to his father. However, for several seconds both professional pilots could not understand the reason for the abnormal behavior of the aircraft. As the trackline on the screen changed to a circle, the co-pilot assumed that the aircraft had entered a “holding zone”, that is, it was describing large-diameter circles - a flight pattern used while waiting for a landing clearance.

The plane was banked to the right at a speed of about 1.5 ° per second, and soon the right bank reached 45 °, which is above the permissible limit. This caused significant positive overloads (4.8 g). When the crew members noticed that the autopilot was disabled, they tried to take their seats again.

Contrary to the instructions, the co-pilot, in the absence of the commander in his seat, pushed his seat back all the way, which did not allow him to take a working position for a long time due to the resulting overloads. The aircraft commander could not get into his seat for a long time due to strong G-forces and a large roll angle.

The situation was greatly complicated by the fact that in the left seat there was still the only person who had the physical ability to fly the plane - the 15-year-old son of the commander, who received and tried to carry out various, inconsistent and contradictory commands from his father, the co-pilot and the third adult in the cockpit - a friend the family of the crew commander, also a pilot who flew on the same flight and came to the cockpit with the children. According to the analysis of the soundtrack of the "black box", Eldar's attempts to rectify the situation were greatly hampered by ignorance of the pilot's jargon. As an example, the command "Hold the steering wheel!" Was given, which the boy took for the command to hold the steering wheel in the extreme right position, while the pilots meant the command to level the plane.

In the meantime, the roll had already reached 90 °, and the plane began to lose altitude. In order to prevent further descent, the autopilot (only the roll automaton was turned off) increased the pitch angle to such an extent that the plane began to quickly lose speed and went into a stall. The co-pilot completely turned off the machine gun and managed to get the plane out of the stall by lowering the nose. The congestion lessened, and the commander was finally able to get his son out of his chair and take his workplace. The pilots brought the plane into normal flight mode, but could not recognize their spatial position in time. Flying over a hill at low altitude, the plane caught on the edges of trees and crashed into a forest near the village of Maly Maizas, about 20 kilometers southeast of Mezhdurechensk.

Consequences of the plane crash

In the course of an investigation carried out jointly by Aeroflot and Airbus, changes were made to the aircraft documentation and the training plan for Aeroflot pilots. In particular, now in the flight manual on the website airdisaster.ru