GB - rechargeable battery

Lecture 2 hours.

· Car length - 22.5 meters.

"OPTIMA-850 S",

:

FU - fuse

FV - lightning arrestor

QF - circuit breaker

G - generator

GB - rechargeable battery

K - contactors, relays

KV - voltage relay

KM - contactor

L - inductor

SA - switch

SF - VU

X - pin connections

XA - pantograph

XT - detachable connection

XTA - emergency start (switch contacts)

XT3 - rear post

Y - mechanical device with electromagnetic drive

YA - electro-pneumatic valves

YB - BRT coils

HL - signal lamps

HA - call

The low-voltage circuits are powered by two storage batteries, each of which is switched on by its own VNTs. Batteries are connected in parallel, voltage is 24 volts, total capacity is 250 A / h. Each battery has its own 200 amp fuse ( FU-11 and FU-12). Power supply to the low-voltage circuit from the storage battery is connected using the KCU contactor (the "Battery" toggle switch on the additional panel, the KCU contactor protects the fuse FU-19).

Battery check procedure.

Each battery is tested separately. To turn on one or the other battery, you must turn on the corresponding VNTs and the "Battery" toggle switch on the additional remote control. Checking the operability of the storage battery under load is carried out in the same way as on the LM-68M car, by turning on the rail brake from the switch on the control panel. The discharge current reading on the ammeter of low voltage circuits should be within 120 amperes, because 6 rail brake shoes are installed on the car, the battery voltage according to the voltmeter of low-voltage circuits must be at least 16 volts. BRT coils are protected by fuses FU-13, FU-14 and FU-15.

Topic No. 6. OPERATION OF THE CAR FROM THE ADDITIONAL CONTROL PANEL ON THE BACK SITE (FROM THE BACK STATION).

In order to switch over to control of the LAN-86K tram car from an additional control station at the rear platform (rear station), you must:

· Stop the carriage.

· Set the KV handle to "0".

· Make sure that all the doors of the carriage are closed, if necessary close the doors.

· Remove the reversing shaft handle and take it with you.

· Switch on the switch (VU) "Rear post" in the driver's cab.

· Go to the rear platform of the car, open the rear post cover and place it on the stop.

· Install the reversing shaft handle on the HF of the rear post.

· Press the "Release" button and hold it until the end of the work, because this is PB's understudy.

When driving a tram car from the rear station, all wires of the control circuit work, both in the running and braking positions. For the movement of the car, it is necessary to use only "X-M" and "X-1". All brakes work on the braking positions: electrodynamic, electromagnetic (rail) and mechanical. From the rear post, you can open and close the doors, turn on the turn signal, and give a sound signal.

Switching over to control the car from the driver's cabin, it is imperative to turn off the "Rear post" switch. Otherwise, automatic additional braking will not work on the car, because when the rear post switch is on, the 9th wire loses its power.

PECULIARITIES OF THE DEVICE OF THE ARTICULATED TRAM CAR "LAN-86K".

Lecture material for conducting classes with students of training groups for training tram drivers.

Topic No. 1. DESIGN FEATURES OF THE LANS-86K CAR.

Lecture 2 hours.

The name of the LVS-86K car is deciphered as follows: Leningrad articulated car, design year - 1986, contactor version. First, let's briefly get to know everything lineup wagons of the "LVS-86" type:

· Car "LVS-86K" - an articulated car of the contactor design.

· Car "LAN-86 TISU" - an articulated car with a thyristor-pulse control system, two-module.

· Car "LANS-86 MERA" - a single-module articulated car with a thyristor-pulse control system. The abbreviation "MERA" consists of the first letters of two names: the organization - the designer and the manufacturer of the electronic "filling" of this car: this is the Moscow Power Engineering Institute and the St. Petersburg Joint Stock Company "Radiopribor".

We will not study the cars equipped with TISU, there are literally a few of them left in the city, but we will talk about the LVS-86K tram car in detail.

Brief technical specifications of the LVS-86K carriage.

· Car length - 22.5 meters.

· Wagon weight - 29.3 - 29.5 tons.

· Braking performance at rated load: service braking - 70 meters, emergency - 36 meters.

· Brake indicators of an empty car: service brake - 64 meters, emergency - 25 meters, emergency brake - 62 meters.

· Traction electric motors - DK-259 G-3.

· Normal passenger capacity - 196 people, maximum passenger capacity - 305 people.

· The design speed of the car is 57 km / h.

The LANS-86K car has three bogies, two of which are equipped with traction motors. The middle bogie, which is called the support bogie, has no engines, however, a mechanical brake (brake bush) is installed on each wheel pair. As a power source for low-voltage circuits, two storage batteries are mounted on the car, each of which has its own low-voltage circuit breaker (VNTs). When accepting and turning on the car, first one battery is checked, then the other, and finally both batteries are checked together. On cars that have undergone major repairs, one lead-acid maintenance-free battery of the recombination type is installed "OPTIMA-850 S", made according to the technology of spiral elements.

For shunting operations, the car is equipped with an additional control post at the rear platform, which is called the “rear post”. The rear post allows the driver to independently control the tram car, which is moving in reverse, without involving other persons to control and ensure traffic safety.

In the event of a control circuit malfunction, the car can be removed from the line and to the nearest terminal station or to the park using the emergency start system, which is equipped with the car. The operation of the system will be considered when studying a special topic.

This type of car is provided with an emergency shutdown system for traction motors in the event of a cardan shaft breakage, fire in the equipment compartment (high-voltage cabinet), as well as when the door of the equipment compartment is opened while the car is moving. An additional signal lamp is installed on the control panel to control the return of the GRK to the first position. Cars of the "LAN-86K" type can operate according to the system of many units.

New designations of devices in the wiring diagram:

FU - fuse

FV - lightning arrestor

186 (5 persons / m²)

387 (8 persons / m²)

incandescent lamp type "tablet"
after CRM fluorescent

4 x two-stage

Story

After the successful experience of articulated cars of the type LAN-66 and LAN-80, the plant was supposed to release a modified model of the articulation and the car body, in this regard, in 1986 at the VARZ plant (later PTMZ) a prototype of the LAN-86 model was developed. Unlike the LAN-80, the equipment and the cockpit were changed to those of the LM-68M.

Since 1990, cars have been produced with minor changes: the first door was half given to the driver, half remained in the cabin; the seats were installed according to the 1 + 1 scheme (before that they were installed according to the 2 + 1 scheme).

The last LVS-86 car was produced in September 1997 with corrugations on the sides of the body, which were removed in 2008 during a major overhaul. Works in the tram fleet number 7 under the number 7030.

Overhaul and refurbishment

In 1998-2003, PTMZ carried out a major overhaul of cars. In the course of the overhaul, only the equipment and handrails in the cars were replaced (handrails from LM-99 were installed). In 2006-2008, the procedure took place in tram depot No. 1, lighting was replaced (sometimes) and seats (installed from LM-99).

In 2002-2004. at PTMZ, the LAN-86T and LAN-86M cars were upgraded to contactor ones, as a result of which they received the designation LAN-86K-M (some LAN-86T cars were converted into LAN-86K in 2000-2001). A new driver's cab and equipment were installed, new seats were installed in the salons, and the second cabinet with electrical equipment was removed. In September 2016, LAN-86T No. 3210 was converted into an asynchronous one. There are only 2 real LANs-86Ts left in the city.

Currently (2016) CWR provides:

• replacement of the driver's cab mask (installation of a mask from LM-99);
• replacement of doors with fiberglass;
• replacement of seats (installation of seats according to the 2 + 1 scheme);
• replacement of heating (hot air);
• replacement of lighting (luminescent type "light strip")
• replacement of pneumatic equipment;
• replacement of panels (fiberglass);
• installation of new handrails;
• replacement of flooring;
• installation of the information system and autoinformer IR-650 (until 2016, the usual route indicator and informant Iskra-02 were installed);
• installation of bulwarks on the first section;
• installation of a new pantograph.

During the overhaul of LVS-86 cars of the first years of production, the driver's cabin is increased. As a result, only 3 doors are available for passengers to enter.

Technical details

LVS-86 is a wide-gauge (1524 mm or 60 inches) high-floor all-metal one-way articulated six-axle tram car. The body is made up of two equal sections connected through an articulation unit that rests on a central bogie. Swing-folding doors (screen doors) are located in the front overhang (on most cars, one leaf leads to the driver's cab), in the middle between the first and second, second and third bogies, and in the rear overhang. There are four traction motors, two in the first and third trolleys. The central bogie is non-motorized. The current control system through traction motors is indirect: rheostat-contactor or thyristor-pulse. The main braking is electrodynamic, traction motors. For additional braking, a drum-shoe brake with a pneumatic drive is used. There are also magnetic rail brakes. The carriage has 27 or 38 seats and is theoretically capable of carrying 327 passengers at full load (the actual capacity is half as much). The dimensions of the LAN-86 are: 22500 mm overall length, 2550 mm width and 3146 mm height; total mass without passengers 29.5 tons. The car is capable of operating according to the system of many units (CME) as part of a train of up to 3 carriages.

Initially, the joint had a different design - the rubber seals between the semicircular walls of the hinge and the side walls of the car were concave towards the side walls, but in 1988 an accident occurred - a child, when the tram was moving in a curve, thrust his head into an expanded space, which narrowed when returning to a straight line plot and pinched the child's head. Then the passage through the joint was urgently closed, and then, within several months, seals bent towards the passenger compartment were installed in the cars.

Modifications

• LAN-86K Rheostat-contactor control system. Basic modification.
• LAN-86T Thyristor-pulse control system. Has two cabinets with electrical equipment in the cabin.
• LAN-86M Transistor control system "MERA". Has two cabinets with electrical equipment in the cabin.
• LAN-86A Asynchronous traction motors. The only car, converted from LAN-86T No. 1018 in June 1995. The inscription on board reads: "The first in Russia with AC motors." Also in September 2016, LVS-86T car # 3210 was delivered to LAN-86A.
• LAN-86K-M Rheostat-contactor control system, fiberglass front panel cladding. Before the modernization, these were LANs-86T and LAN-86M.

Gallery

Tram car LVS-86A No. 2200 in the Electric Transport Museum

LVS-86K No. 3086 at Vasileostrovsky depot.jpg

Tram LVS-86K No. 3086 on the fan of tram fleet No. 2

MalayaOkhta-2007-11-20-e.jpg

The tram in the coloring of park No. 7 turns to the Malaya Okhta terminal. 2007 year

Tram St Petersburg.jpg

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Excerpt from LAN-86

When Pierre returned home, he was handed two posters of Rostopchin brought that day.
The first said that the rumor that Count Rostopchin was forbidden to leave Moscow was unfair and that, on the contrary, Count Rostopchin was glad that ladies and merchant wives were leaving Moscow. "Less fear, less news," said the poster, "but my life answer is that there will be no villain in Moscow." These words for the first time clearly showed Pierre that the French would be in Moscow. The second billboard said that our headquarters was in Vyazma, that Count Wittgstein defeated the French, but that since many residents want to arm themselves, they have weapons prepared in the arsenal: sabers, pistols, guns, which residents can get at a cheap price. The tone of the posters was no longer as joking as in the previous Chigirin conversations. Pierre pondered over these posters. Obviously, that terrible thundercloud, which he summoned with all the forces of his soul and which at the same time aroused involuntary horror in him - obviously, this cloud was approaching.
“To enter the military service and go to the army or wait? - Pierre asked himself this question for the hundredth time. He took a deck of cards lying on his table and began to do solitaire.
“If this solitaire comes out,” he said to himself, mixing the deck, holding it in his hand and looking up, “if it comes out, then ... what does it mean?” the senior princess asking if it was possible to enter.
“Then it will mean that I have to go to the army,” Pierre said to himself. “Come in, come in,” he added, addressing the princess.
(One older princess, with a long waist and a petrified lid, continued to live in Pierre's house; the two smaller ones got married.)
“Forgive me, mon cousin, that I have come to you,” she said in a reproachful, agitated voice. - After all, we must finally decide on something! What will it be? All have left Moscow, and the people are revolting. Why are we staying?
“On the contrary, everything seems to be all right, ma cousine,” said Pierre with that habit of playfulness which Pierre, who always embarrassedly endured his role as benefactor in front of the princess, had assimilated himself in relation to her.
- Yes, it's good ... well-being! Today Varvara Ivanovna told me how our troops differ. Certainly it is possible to ascribe honor. Yes, and the people completely rebelled, they stop listening; my girl, too, became rude. So soon they will start beating us too. You can't walk the streets. And most importantly, tomorrow the French will be there, so what can we expect! I ask about one thing, mon cousin, - said the princess, - order them to take me to Petersburg: whatever I am, I cannot live under Bonaparte rule.
- Yes, fullness, ma cousine, where do you get your information? Against…
- I will not submit to your Napoleon. Others as they want ... If you do not want to do this ...
- Yes, I will, I will now order.
The princess, apparently, was annoyed that there was no one to be angry with. She, whispering something, sat down on a chair.
“But you are not being told this correctly,” said Pierre. “Everything is quiet in the city, and there is no danger. So I just read ... - Pierre showed the princess the posters. - The count writes that he answers with his life that the enemy will not be in Moscow.
“Oh, this count of yours,” the princess spoke angrily, “is a hypocrite, a villain who himself set the people up to rebel. Didn't he write in these stupid posters that whatever it was, drag him by the crest to the exit (and how stupid)! Whoever takes, says, to him both honor and glory. So I didn’t care. Varvara Ivanovna said that the people almost killed her because she spoke French ...
- Why, this is so ... You take everything to heart very much, - said Pierre and began to play solitaire.
Despite the fact that the solitaire came together, Pierre did not go to the army, but remained in empty Moscow, still in the same anxiety, indecision, in fear and together in joy, expecting something terrible.
The next day, the princess left in the evening, and his general manager came to Pierre with the news that he could not get the money he needed to equip the regiment, if not sell one estate. The general manager generally imagined to Pierre that all these undertakings of the regiment were supposed to ruin him. Pierre could hardly hide his smile, listening to the words of the manager.
“Well, sell it,” he said. - What can I do, I cannot refuse now!
The worse the state of affairs, and especially his affairs, was, the more pleasant it was for Pierre, the more obvious it was that the catastrophe he was waiting for was approaching. Almost no one of Pierre's acquaintances was in the city. Julie left, Princess Marya left. Of the close acquaintances, only the Rostovs remained; but Pierre did not visit them.

After a long time, this is my first report, which I do already "in civilian life", but about the events that took place during my service in St. Petersburg. Many reports have accumulated both during the period of service, and even from last year, and it seems that this lump cannot be cleared out any more. However, I aim to do so and breathe life into my dozing blog. Today I will tell you about my acquaintance with the St. Petersburg tram as I saw it. I promised to tell you - I do it.

The tram itself is a rather unique transport. This is a miniature railway passing through the city streets, under the window of someone's own house. But the trains here are also adapted to urban conditions - of a special size, able to pass curves of an ultra-small radius and having a large passenger capacity. In many cities, the tram is dying out due to unprofitability, somewhere from the once extensive network there is only a small section of a couple of routes, and somewhere there is just one route with a single tram running 4 times a day.
The St. Petersburg tram is unique in its own way. Until recently, the city completely provided itself with tram equipment, and it is on the streets of St. Petersburg that you can find such cars as LM or LAN, as well as numerous track and repair cars based on them. The old LM-68M (in the language of the tram drivers "Mashki") are now being modernized and made on their basis modern models LM-68M2 and LM-68M3. On the this moment on the streets of St. Petersburg you can find cars from the Ust-Katavsky and Tver plants, imported Alstoms and even one UralTransMash-evsky car.
Petersburg tram has distinctive feature, which consists in color coding of routes. Colored lights, "spotlights", were invented so that passengers from a distance could distinguish the number of their tram. Color combinations are repeated many times, but in one place routes with the same color combinations cannot be found - everything is distributed in different areas of the city.

What prompted me to shoot these miniature city rides? Everything is quite prosaic - several times, when I took layoffs on Sunday, when I was released in the morning, I was thrown over to Saturday, when I could only leave after lunch. Stump of dismissal railroad it would be very unproductive to dedicate, and therefore decided to perpetuate such a street technique as a keepsake. When else will you have the opportunity to explore it? Next time, in civilian life, I certainly will not waste time on something like that, but when it was just necessary to put time somewhere, it was the very thing.
Of course, such moments with reassignment to dismissal were very upsetting. For example, on May 22, 2016, a grandiose parade of all different retro techniques was planned, which was supposed to take place on top of everything and in good weather. I thought carefully about the plan for filming this event, but was forced to ride in the rain on the railways in rattling LANs, sipping beer sadly, looking out the window through the glass cut by drops on the afternoon of May 21.

Let's plunge into those days and take a look at the variety of tram technology in St. Petersburg. We begin our journey from Finland Station along Botkin Street, where near the Military Medics Square we stand under linden trees and hide from the rain. A six is ​​walking by - one of the few routes close to the center of St. Petersburg. The St. Petersburg tram itself is developed on the outskirts, and in the center mostly excursion retro cars ride.

1. Here goes the traction 3506 + 3505 from LM68M3 - OEVRZshnoy alteration of the old LM68M, quite a fresh piece of work this year. It looks cool, but very noisy. The sixth route - two blue soffits, or "SS", as I abbreviatedly call this combination.

2. For a long time nothing goes to meet, but finally a neat LAN-86K number 3472, with the wrong number 6 on the route indicator, is taxiing.

3. But following the same LAN-86K number 3053, 5 years older than the previous one and of a different color, more shabby in appearance and with misted windows.

4. What is coming from Finban? Unusual combination of "KZh" and route 64. Yeah, park enclosure, "zero" in the dialect of trams. LAN-86K number 3035. This tram is already 25 years old.

5. But my six 3472 turned around, we sit in it, buy a ticket and go! By the way, the wrong 6 suddenly became correct.

6. The tram rattles along the curved Kronverksky Avenue, skirting around Petropavlovka, and turns towards Sportivnaya. We’ll get out there - it’s interesting to capture something against the background of the stadium, especially since one more route is added there - the fortieth "ЗЗ".
Here you come across a modernized LAN-86K-M, an ancient one that passed the CWR in 2003.

7. And here is the "forty", also a modernized LAN-86K, but much more recent, 2014 KVR.

8. But from Bolshoy Prospect Petrogradka to Prospect Dobrolyubova creeps out another old LAN-86K # 3474.

9. And here is a very rare model of a tram at the moment - the classic "car" LM-68M, there are less than 30 of them left in operation. This car is almost 30 years old. Only 5 and 7 parks have such cars.

10. It's time to change location and move closer to the center. There we will have a bite to eat in canteen # 1 on Marata, and at the same time we will see what lives there. Here is one example - route 49 "SK" represented by LAN-86K # 1096.

11. At the intersection of Kolomenskaya Street and Kuznechny Lane there is another forty-ninth. This tram is interesting in its own way - it is no longer the usual 86th model, but the 97th. It differs in the location of the middle trolley - not on the joint, but under the first half, as well as the location of the doors at the first section - both swing doors in the center. There is also a lot of small details such as more widely spaced buffer lights, a red edging on the roof, and so on. LAN-97K # 1031.

12. After that, fate threw me all the way to Avtovo on the paratroopers street. I went to Strelna, but did not get there - the tracks were being repaired. Solid LANs live there, and I will not post all their photos - there are already a lot of them in the report. But I will show you some. Here are 60 "BS" LANS-86K # 8168.

13. Here are 36 KKs deviating from their usual route. The familiar LAN again.

14. And here is another 97th model. Here you can see the differences in both the middle cart and the doors. LAN-97K # 8104.

15. Small experiments with wiring. LM-99K No. 8332. Such trams can also be found in Moscow.

16. Wiring again and boring LAN-86K.

After this tram saga, I still decided to take a chance and have time to photograph a thermal electric train on the Primorskaya branch, and I did manage to, but I'll tell you about this separately - this is a whole different story.
In the meantime, we are moving to another day - June 4, when I also had no choice but to implement one of my ideas, namely, to hunt for a three-ruble note, filming it on bridges. And of course, the first bridge was the bridge across the Kryukov Canal on Sadovaya Street. It is called Staro-Nikolsky, in the background you can see the Nikolsky monastery.

17. 71-631-02 №5215

18. The angle is wider. 71-631-02 No. 5216.

19. But every time the BKMki drove, the sun strove to hide in a cloud. BKM 84300M No. 5211.

20. Another one is the same. No. 5212.

21. But when the KTM passed, it certainly was in the sun.

22. On route 16 "BZ" the same LM-99AVN operate, which are so identical and clean that they differ only in number. Here is one of these walking along the bridge over the Fontanka.

23. And here again Sadovaya, a lapel in front of Pokrovsky Square. What's going on behind?

24. A lamp retro-carriage MS-4 is weaving behind. You can meet him in St. Petersburg without really straining - you just need to come to the city center, and the car will find you on its own.

25. But we will wait for at least one BKMku in the sun and move on.

26. The old man stands at a fork, letting the young go.

27. The old carriage stood for a while, and moved on the way back.

28. There were many different trams, but the best ones were AVNKs.

29. Meeting of two "three rubles" KTM-s.

30. LM-99AVN # 1368 storms the Malo-Kalinkin bridge.

31. Also AVN, also Malo-Kalinkin bridge, but in profile.

32. LAN-86K No. 8132 along route 41. It also has two green spotlights like the adjacent 40th, but here they do not burn. And the tram also has an interesting asymmetric pantograph.

33. But the already familiar LAN-86K, not KVRenny, with burning spotlights.

Well, in conclusion, the previously mentioned service car C-577, converted from the usual LM-68M. All service equipment, including training trams or paddocks, are marked with two red spotlights. But on condition that they do not hammer into it, or the equipment has these spotlights at all. But here the tram has a flashing light - not bad either.

34. С-577 on Novocherkassky prospect.

This is how it turned out small excursion in a rather extensive topic of the St. Petersburg tram. This is only a small part, but it is quite enough for the first acquaintance. I'm not sure if I will ever purposefully photograph them on the streets of St. Petersburg, but who knows ... With this I return to the railway theme of the blog and set a course for its revitalization. It will not be possible to rake the lump, but I will tell you about the most interesting things.