Losiny Ostrov (Moscow, Russia) - exact location, interesting places, inhabitants, routes.
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Losiny Ostrov Park, known for a long time, is, by the way, the only one national park, which is located within the boundaries of Moscow. It is hard to imagine that just a few kilometers from the Garden Ring begins a real taiga, where moose, deer and wild boars live. It is not for nothing that these dense forests were chosen by the Moscow sovereigns for hunting several centuries ago, and the thickets were taken under special protection.
Losiny Ostrov National Park is located on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow Region. The Yauza and Pekhorka rivers originate in the park. The total area of the reserve is about 116 square kilometers.
A paragraph of history
Losiny Ostrov has been known since ancient times, from the 15th to the 18th centuries these lands were part of the Taininskaya palace volost - the most beloved and popular hunting place among Moscow princes and tsars. John IV, known by the nickname the Terrible, hunted bears here, of which there were a great many in these impenetrable thickets.
Already in those days, the forests of Losiny Ostrov, being the royal hunting grounds, were especially protected. At the end of the 18th century, in 1799, when Losiny Ostrov was transferred to government administration, a topographic survey was carried out here, the forest was divided into quarters. In the middle of the 19th century, the Losinoostrovskaya forest dacha appeared, and in 1842 the first forestry was founded here, forest ordering was completed by taxators Yegor Grimme and Nikolai Shelgunov.
Elk Island
The artificial creation of forests was started in 1844, at the initiative of the forester Vasily Gershner. Pines were mainly grown, and this process lasted for almost 115 years. The result makes itself felt to this day, the plantings are still preserved, despite human influence. Thoughts about creating a reserve in these vast forests appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, but the tragic events of the beginning of the century ruined these plans. During World War II, Losiny Ostrov suffered some losses - enough was cut down here. a large number of trees. Official status national park Elk Island received in 1983, one of the first in the country.
In Losiny Ostrov, you can spend a whole day walking through these still dense groves, watching frolicking birds or animals.
Flora and fauna
Losiny Ostrov is famous for its rich flora and fauna. More than 230 species of vertebrates live here, including many species of birds, mammals (among which, of course, moose, deer, wild boars, foxes, hares, squirrels, raccoon dogs, beavers, muskrats, hawks, white-tailed eagles and many others) More than 500 species of vascular plants, rare herbaceous plants in the Moscow region, grow in the park. There are mighty oaks, dark spruces, slender birches and fragrant lindens, and tall pines rushing to the sky. The park is divided into three zones: a specially protected area, an area for walking and sports (open for limited visits along strictly established routes), and a recreation area open to the public. In Losiny Ostrov, you can spend a whole day walking through these still dense groves, watching frolicking birds or animals. Despite the fact that the park is located within the city, the air here is wonderful, and it is difficult to imagine that it is a stone's throw from the center of the metropolis. It is good to spend time in the park in any season and in any weather. In winter, here among the snow-covered fir and pine trees are laid ski slopes, in summer and autumn you can go cycling exploring forest paths, or wander on foot, listen to birdsong in spring and watch the awakening of nature. There are nurseries and museums dedicated to a wide variety of topics in Losiny Island.
Coordinates
Elk Island is very large, therefore the park has several entrances located in different parts of the city.
Entrance in the Golyanovo area. From the metro station Ulitsa Podbelskogo by trams No. 2, No. 36, No. 13 and No. 29, stop a children's sanatorium.
The entrance is at the Yauza. Trams from the VDNKh metro station or Preobrazhenskaya Square. By train from the Yaroslavsky railway station to the Yauza station.
The entrance is at Krasnaya Sosna Street. from the metro station VDNKh buses 172, 136, trolleybus 76 stop. Polygraphic College.
Entrance from Prokhodchikov Street. From meters VDNKh 76 trolleybus, stop Children's clinic and Fedoskinskaya street.
There is a national park in Moscow, which is located on Losiny Island. From him the green massif was named. The first mention of the park dates back to 1406. The green massif, located in the northeast of the capital, was a favorite territory for the royal falconry and chase hunting. Since then, Losiny Ostrov (park) has not lost its appeal. But now the territory is being used for other purposes.
History of the park
The Losiny Ostrov National Park begins its history from the 15th century, but acquired its status later. The green massif was first mentioned in written sources during the period when Moscow became the center of northeastern Russia. At that time, the island belonged to the Taininskaya volost, located along the current Yaroslavl highway. Ivan the Terrible was very fond of hunting in the park.
Later, a royal hunting farm was established on the island. The park began to be called the "Sovereign's Trap Route" and acquired the status of a reserve. As before, hunting was organized on this territory, often with foreign ambassadors. The name "Losiny Ostrov" appeared only in 1710. In the 18th century. it began to belong to the state department, and hunting in the territory was prohibited to everyone without exception.
With the emergence of St. Petersburg, attention to the park decreased significantly, and it began to overgrow with thickets, the trees were mercilessly cut down by the peasants for their own needs. In 1804 the position of the island changed. The protection of the forest was resumed again. In 1805, the island again received the status of a reserve.
In 1822, the territory was divided into 55 quarters with one boundary rampart encircling their common borders. Organized forestry began only in 1842. Until 1912, audits of natural resources were carried out, and the island was divided into 4 parts: one operational and three reserved. Losiny Ostrov National Park was established in August 1983. It was based on the decree of the ministry. Since then, the area has been considered a very valuable natural monument.
Description of the park
Today "Losiny Ostrov" (Moscow) has an area of over 116 square kilometers. The forest area occupies 80 percent of the territory. It is divided into three zones. The first is a protected part of the park, which is home to rare species of birds and animals. This part of the island is closed to the public and is heavily guarded.
The second zone is called educational and excursion. Tourist and ecological routes are laid through this territory, accompanied by professional guides... There are four visiting places in this part. The third area is called recreational. It is designed for mass recreation.
Location of the park
Losiny Ostrov (Moscow) originates from Sokolniki. It borders on cities:
- Korolev;
- Balashikha;
- Mytischi;
- Shchelkovo.
Losiny Ostrov Park is located on an area of 12,000 hectares, but behind the Moscow Ring Road there is only 2/3 of the forest. It is only eight kilometers from the southwestern border of the reserve to the Kremlin. The length of the park from south to north is 10 km, from east to west - 22 km.
Nature
Losiny Ostrov (park) is very beautiful. In the center of the territory there is a small swamp, from which the river begins. Yauza. And also in the reserve there are many more streams and reservoirs that form a large water network. Previously, there were over 100 kilometers of canals in the park. Most of them are now abandoned.
The largest canal is called Akulovsky and has been functioning until now. It appeared in the pre-war years and connects the Pekhorka and Yauza rivers with the Volga. Through the Akulov Canal, water flows to the Russian capital.
We should also pay special attention to the Alekseevskaya Grove, which for a long time also had the status of a reserve. it unique territory, whose age is equal to 250 years. There are many swamps in the park, and they occupy a fairly large area.
Vegetable world
"Losiny Ostrov" (park) has always, even in wartime, been under the close scrutiny of the country's leaders. Trees were constantly planted on the territory. Thanks to the work of many volunteer designers, the reserve has acquired a remarkable appearance, as evidenced by numerous reviews.
Now more than 800 species of various plants grow in the park: lichens, mushrooms, etc. Many plants are included in the Red Book of Russia. Pine mainly grows in the Alekseevskaya grove. The age-old lindens, taiga spruce and oak forests have miraculously survived. The grass cover is also diverse. Growing in the park:
- forester;
- lungwort;
- wintergreen;
- buttercup anemone;
- double-leaf mine;
- sedge;
- Zelenchuk.
A lot of wild strawberries, blueberries and sour cherry grows in the park, which is popular with visitors. Since it abounds in swamps, there is also an abundance of lingonberries on the territory.
Animal world
The animals of the Losiny Island are also very diverse. There are over 280 species of birds and animals in the park. Among them:
- 180 - birds;
- 8 - amphibians;
- 4 - reptiles;
- 40 - mammals;
- over 20 - freshwater fish.
"Losiny Ostrov" (park) got its name for a reason. Since ancient times, many horned artiodactyls have lived on the territory. The number of elk has survived to this day. In the post-war period, sika deer also appeared in the reserve.
Wild boars began to breed, and now their population has increased significantly. The number of beavers has been fully restored. There are many fur animals in the reserve:
- ermine;
- squirrel;
- black ferret;
- marten;
- mink.
Owls and bats reign in the park at night. Rodents get along well with animals, harmoniously complementing the reserve with their presence.
Biostation on Losiny Island
The biological station in the Losiny Ostrov park is located next to the huntsman site. This is a place where it is allowed not only to look at artiodactyls. You can iron and feed not only adults, but also cubs. Elks are calm about this. They are very careful animals and in wildlife always try to avoid meeting people.
At the biological station, artiodactyls are already accustomed to the presence of humans and willingly make contact. The staff of the reserve tell those who wish about the behavior of animals, their domestication and nutrition. There are separate individual excursions... In winter, you can even watch sika deer. A visit to the biological station is carried out by appointment.
How to get to the biostation?
It will take a long time to get to the biological station. Many regular buses go from the VDNKh metro station towards the region. You need to take any of them and get to the first stop after the Moscow Ring Road. Exit before turning towards Druzhba village. Then walk along the main road for another 40 minutes. The path will take approximately 4 kilometers and will pass through the village.
When the road runs into a forest, you must turn left. From there you will see a barrier with a checkpoint. Go straight all the time, turn left at the fork and get to the biological station, which is equipped with a gate.
Losiny Ostrov (park): how to get there?
This can be done in several ways. The entrance to the park is from the side of Prokhodchikov and Roterta streets. Nearby are the Babushkinskaya and Medvedkovo metro stations. You can quickly get to the park from the Elk railway platform.
Or you can take buses No. 136 and 172, which depart from the VDNKh metro station. Trams No. 29, 36 and 12 go to the other part of the park. They depart from the station. m. "Podbelskogo Street".
Losiny Ostrov natural park is the only one on the territory of Russia national reserve, which is located within the metropolis, just 15 kilometers from the Kremlin.
A bit of history
The territory on which the Losiny Ostrov park is located today once belonged to the palace Taininskaya volost. Ivan the Terrible also loved to arrange hunting in these places. The park got its name "Losiny Ostrov" during the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich, who also loved hunting and used to set hounds on elk here.
Already at the beginning of the 18th century, a forest guard was organized here. On large areas, deforestation, drainage of swamps, and construction of roads were carried out. Work was carried out on the laying of coniferous trees. Shortly before the revolution, they wanted to turn Losiny Ostrov into a national park. The plans were not implemented - the World War began. Losiny Ostrov Park was able to acquire this status only in 1983.
general information
Today this territory, 90% of which is forested, occupies 116 sq. kilometers. It includes three zones:
- Specially guarded. The area is 54 sq. km. The area is closed to the public.
- For sports and walking, 31 sq. km.
- The recreation area is 31 sq. km. and borders on the residential areas of the capital.
And the Yauza originates here. More than three ponds add a pleasant variety to Losiny Ostrov. The national park has a significant area of marshland. The flat relief prevails here. The Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge determines the north- and south-western wind rose over the forest.
Vegetable world
More than 60% of the vegetation is represented by deciduous trees, of which oak prevails. There are also birch groves. Linden is common. The rest of the forest is represented by pine, spruce and larch trees. Alekseevskaya grove, located in the complex, is more than 250 years old. Some of the pines in this grove are over 200 years old. The unique trees were preserved thanks to the protected regime. The grove is rightfully considered unique and adorns the Losiny Ostrov.
The park pleases visitors with an abundance of herbaceous plants. Lilies of the valley, bells, fuchs, marsh dremlik and many others grow here. At the same time, there are no flora representatives on the territory of the reserve, which are listed in the Red Book of Russia.
Animal world
More than 40 species of mammals, 170 species of birds, 14 species of reptiles and amphibians inhabit Elk Island.
The park has become a haven for moose and wild boars, martens, hares and many others. The brown hare lives in the swampy meadows, the population of which is steadily declining due to the reduction of the range and the urban factor. More than 15 species of fish live in the waters of the Yauza.
Rest zone
In the recreational part of the park, there are always vacationers, especially from the nearest residential areas. In the middle of the forest, you can find numerous benches for rest, a meadow with a nursery playground and a place for sports.
Sports equipment in the park can be rented. Excellent multi-kilometer trails attract cyclists, skaters and joggers to Losiny Ostrov. The national park is unique place for hiking. Here you can wander in the same as the one that is described in Russian fairy tales.
There is also a stable. Horse-riding enthusiasts adore Elk Island. The park is just created for leisurely horseback riding.
Walking along the trails, you can feed the squirrels. There are many animals here, and he is not afraid of people - he is ready to take food from his hand.
Winter gives the reserve a special charm. Skiing in untouched forest and the freshest air make this place popular even in the winter cold. Ice skating enthusiasts can satisfy their impulse on the frozen mirror of one of the reservoirs.
Service sanitary maintenance of the reserve daily removes more than 2.5 hectares of the recreational zone from various garbage, dead wood. Also, it is necessary to eliminate the consequences of illegal picnics, places of spontaneous dumps. More attention is paid to places of greatest concentration of people - playgrounds, reservoirs, popular walking routes. No matter how hard the sanitary services try, their work is not diminished. The situation can only change with an improvement in the quality of the cultural education of citizens.
sights
In the estate of the forestry of the reserve there is a cultural and educational center "Russian life". The expositions on display tell about the life of the Slavic people in the period of the 19th - 20th centuries. There is a large collection of clay folk toys.
There are also archaeological artifacts found during the excavation of burial mounds from the times of the Vyatichi. The place where these graves were discovered in 1989 was the Losiny Ostrov park. Photos of some of the items on display are presented below.
There is an elk station next to the huntsman's site. Here you can not only see moose or wild boars - you can communicate with animals and feed them from your hands. Just walking in the park, it is problematic to meet a moose. He is a very sensitive animal and, at the slightest noise, moves into the depths of the protected area.
Elk Island. Losiny Ostrov, national park, on northeast from Moscow (partly within the administrative boundaries of the city). The area is 11 thousand hectares. Founded in 1983. Coniferous deciduous forests of spruce and linden prevail with the participation of oak, maple, on ... ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"
The first national park in Russia in the north-east of Moscow and in the Moscow region. Founded in 1983. St. 11 thousand hectares. The protected grove has been protected since the time of Ivan IV the Terrible Tsar. From the 17th century. the territory of the park was intensively used; from the 19th century ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Elk Island, the first national park in Russia, in the north-east of Moscow and in the Moscow region. Founded in 1983. Pl. St. 11 thousand hectares. The protected grove has been protected since the time of Ivan IV the Terrible Tsar. From the 17th century. the territory of the park is intensive ... ... Russian history
Losiny Ostrov National Park IUCN Category II (National Park) Coordinates: Coordinates ... Wikipedia
The first national park in Russia (created in 1983). It is located in the northeast of Moscow and its forest park protective belt, it starts from the Sokolniki forest park, 8 km from the Kremlin and continues beyond the Moscow Ring Road to Mytishchi, Korolev (former Kaliningrad), ... ... Moscow (encyclopedia)
The first national park in Russia, in the north-east of Moscow and in the Moscow region. It was formed in 1983. The area is over 11 thousand hectares. Protected from the time of Ivan IV the Terrible "Tsar's reserved grove". Since the 17th century. the territory of the park is intensive ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Elk Island- Sp Losinyj Òstrovas Ap Losinyy Ostrov L nac. parkas RF Maskvos sr ... Pasaulio vietovardžiai. Internetinė duomenų bazė
Elk Island- Los other island ( natural area in Moscow) … Russian spelling dictionary
Nat. park on the territory of Moscow and Moscow region. Organized in 1983 on pl. 11 816 ha, of which approx. 9 600 (81%) are covered by forests. In the south and west, it adjoins residential quarters and industrial zones. The territory is crossed by automobiles (Moscow ring road, etc. Geographical encyclopedia
Losiny Ostrov is the first national park in Russia, located on the territory of Moscow and the Moscow region. The largest forest area in Moscow and the largest among the forests located within the city (Moscow part). View of a part of Elk Island ... ... Wikipedia
Books
- Losiny Island, Borodin Vasily. Vasily Borodin (b. 1982) - poet, artist. Graduated from the Moscow State Evening Metallurgical Institute. Works as an editor, illustrates poetry and prose. The author of the books of poetry "Ray. ...
- Elk Island, Vasily Borodin. Lyrics by V. Borodin - an experiment, a study of the phenomenon of comparison. The author's attention is drawn to alliterations and very precise, even tautological rhymes precisely because ...
Losiny Ostrov National Park is located in the city of Moscow and the Moscow region. Losiny Ostrov consists of two forest parks - Yauzsky and Losinoostrovsky - within the capital and four forest parks located on the territory of the Moscow region.
Work on sowing pine trees has been carried out on the territory of Losinoostrovsky Park for more than 115 years, since then it has amazing place turned into a real coniferous massif.
The idea of creating a national park on this territory was proposed more than a century ago, however, the park itself was created only in 1983. The Losiny Island includes protected hunting grounds that once belonged to the last of the Romanovs.
This is one of the first national parks our homeland and the largest forest area within the capital of Russia.
Flora and fauna of Losinoostrovsky national park
A large area of the national park is occupied by vast coniferous forests, birch forests, deciduous forests, meadows and swamps. This pristine nature in its natural state in the recreational area of the park is complemented by tree plantations, glades and ponds. The most unique object on the territory of Losiny Island is Alekseevskaya Grove. It is a section of forest in which most of- coniferous trees, about 250 years old. On the territory of the Alekseevskaya grove there is a historical and archaeological complex called "The Tsar's Hunt".
The fauna of this protected area of nature is also amazing. Rare animals live here: moose, sika deer, beavers and many others. Birds nesting on the territory of Losiny Island are considered to be one of the rarest in the Moscow region.
sights
The national park is not only reserved forests and recreation areas. This place keeps a piece of Russian rural life. In a picturesque old estate there is a museum "Russian life", which presents archaeological finds and household items of people who lived in the XIX-XX centuries. The exhibits of the Tsar's Hunt Museum acquaint visitors of the historical complex with the way of life and peculiarities different types Russian hunting: canine, falconry, etc.
To make the study of the nature of Losiny Island more interesting and exciting, several excursion routes have been laid through the park, going along which you will solve all the mysteries of local nature, as well as learn the history of Muscovy. The most popular trail, among others, is the Such Familiar Forest Trail. A dense spruce forest creates the atmosphere of a dense fairytale forest and it is impossible to believe that civilization is boiling nearby. After all, it is only two kilometers from here to the busy Moscow highway (Yaroslavskoe highway).
Elk is the main attraction of the national park. Elk biological station is located next to the "Losiny Ostrov" ranger site. Here you can meet the living
