What is a bivouac in tourism. How to set up a camp correctly on a hike. The nuances of organizing tipping work in different conditions

Among tourists, the word "bivouac" means a temporary parking lot for rest or spending the night outside settlement, that is, in nature. The main task of the bivouac is to ensure the convenience and safety of eating and spending the night in nature, as much as possible in field conditions. The same word is used for a camp equipped in nature for hunting or fishing.

Typical hunting camp.

Also, the obsolete spelling and pronunciation of this word - "bivouac" has not yet gone out of use. It is correct to say both bivouac and bivouac, but today the word "bivouac" is used more often.

Sleeping bags are sometimes called bivouacs for sleeping on a hike. This name of a sleeping bag is most likely an abbreviation of the phrase " bivouac bag". This option is not relevant to today's topic, so we will not consider it.

What dictionaries say

Referring to dictionaries, you can find all the variety of definitions of the word "bivouac".

"Bivouac (military) - a station of troops under open air for rest or overnight stay ". So the meaning of this word is indicated in the explanatory dictionary of Ushakov.

"Bivouac (military) - a night guard to protect a camp or city when the enemy is close." This is how the historical dictionary of gallicisms of the Russian language writes about the bivouac.

And this is how Dahl's explanatory dictionary defines this word: “Bivouac - the location of troops or gatherings of people, temporarily, under the open sky, not under a roof; camp, camp, camp ".

The closest thing to our definition is the definition taken by me from the vocabulary of automotive jargon. In this dictionary they write "Bivouac - a camp of tourists".

As you can see, in most of the dictionaries I came across, the word "bivouac" is associated with the military sphere. And only rare dictionaries refer this word to the topic of tourism. Most likely this phenomenon is associated with the history of the origin of the word. Nevertheless, now under the word "bivouac" we mean exactly the parking lot of tourists.

The origin of the word "bivouac"

The word bivouac was borrowed from the French language. The ancestor word is bivouac, which means "watch" in French.

Basic functions and requirements for a bivouac

Tourist bivouac, as is clear from the definition, should provide tourists with a rest away from civilization. The quality of the rest depends not only on the speed of movement on the route, but also on safety: a tired, sleepy person makes mistakes more often, and mistakes in tourism often lead to accidents. Therefore, special instructions for setting up a bivouac have been developed for tourists, climbers and cavers, following which allows you to organize a camp quickly and as safely as possible in almost any conditions.

In addition to rest, a properly organized bivouac should allow you to cook food, and, if necessary, dry things and carry out other work planned for the parking time.

For example, in a bivouac located near big waterfall, it will be difficult, having gathered a group, to plan a further route and discuss other matters related to the hike, due to the noise of the water, and during heavy rain on a poorly equipped bivouac it may not be possible to make a fire and cook food. The winter bivouac should be organized in such a way as to guarantee the protection of tourists from an avalanche or snow movement, and parking in the mountains should be organized taking into account the direction of strong winds and possible rockfalls.

The video below briefly explains how to choose a bivouac site:

And of course the bivouac should provide the group with the greatest possible safety. How to pick up the best place for a bivouac in the forest, in the mountains, in the desert and other terrain, we talked about in this article.

In an extreme situation, the bivouac allows tourists to rest relatively safely, wait out the bad weather or wait for help from rescuers. He performs this function only if it is correct for him and he himself is correctly set.

Components of the bivouac

Most often, a bivouac consists of two main elements - a place for a fire and a place to sleep. These two elements can be located both side by side (for example, a parking lot with a lean-to hut near the node for a winter overnight stay), or at a considerable distance from each other (for example, a classic setting of a camp with a fire and tents). Installing them determines the basic set of tipping works.

We talked about how to correctly arrange the main elements on a bivouac

In addition to the main elements, the bivouac is often supplemented with auxiliary ones. For example, a camp may have a separate area for group gathering, training, storing firewood, and drying rope items. Often, additional lighting elements are used in case the bivouac is set up late in the evening.

The photo shows a well-organized bivouac in a winter coniferous forest:

When equipping a bivouac for a large group, a special place is often allocated for a toilet and even a shower. The list of additional elements can include up to several dozen items, depending on the goals and needs of the group. It is more difficult to equip a bivouac with them, but in the end it provides greater comfort of stay. There are universal schemes for placing bivouac elements relative to each other, which make it possible to make parking as convenient as possible on various terrain reliefs.

Camp equipment

To organize a bivouac, tourists carry special equipment with them. Its type, quantity, weight and volume depend on many factors. Here is some of them:

• Way to travel. A person traveling by car or bicycle can take more things with them than a backpacker who has to carry everything on their own back.
• Weather. Sometimes, in dry summer weather, instead of a heavy tent, it is permissible to put a light kit for building a hut, consisting of plastic wrap and ropes, in a backpack instead of a heavy tent. However, this option is not very good for hiking in regions rich in bloodsucking insects.
• Features of the area. To organize a bivouac in a swampy area, a tent in some cases can be replaced by a hammock.
• Features of nutrition. Sometimes on a hike, you can do without traditional campfire utensils if the food does not require heat treatment.
• An experience. Experienced tourist can get by with a minimum amount of equipment, compensating for its lack with previously acquired skills and knowledge. So, for example, sometimes instead of a tent, you can build a hut, and cook food not in a pot, but directly on the coals of a fire.

As you can see, the list of camping equipment can vary greatly, therefore, for at least some clarity, I propose to consider the main components of such a set, most often found in the backpack of an average tourist.

The photo below shows the equipment needed by a tourist in a hike in the mountains:

Considering the weight of the food, all this equipment weighs a lot.

Equipment for rest and sleep:

• Tent. Quality options help protect humans from rain, wind and dangerous arthropods and reptiles.
• Karimat. Creates a protective layer between the cold ground and the person lying on it.
• Sleeping bag. Keeps the person lying in it warm.

In winter, a tent and a special stove can be used on a camping trip.

Campfire equipment:

• Ax and saw. Used for the preparation of firewood and brushwood. They can also be used to solve other camping tasks, for example, removing a dry branch that interferes with movement around the camp.
• Ignition means (matches, lighters and flint). Allows you to quickly get an open fire for a fire.
• Lighting aids (for example, a candle or a piece of plexiglass). Designed mainly for making a fire in adverse weather conditions.
• Steel cable with hooks and ropes. Designed for hanging dishes with food over a fire.
• Cooking utensils (such as a pot). As the name implies, it serves for the preparation and storage of cooked food, as well as for transferring and boiling water.
• Gloves. Allows you to work with fire utensils, protecting your hands from burns. Among other things, they are used to prevent corns when working with a saw, an ax and other tools.
• Scapula. It is used for removing sod from the site of a future fire, digging in a fireplace, as well as for other work in the camp, for example, the construction of a cesspool.

We talked more about campfire equipment in

This is an average set that allows you to quickly and efficiently set up a bivouac. As a rule, tents work consists of preparing a place for placing tents and a fire, putting up the tents themselves, making a fire and preparing food.

Today, among tourists, light travelers have developed ways of organizing a bivouac with only a part of this equipment, and often - literally with its individual elements, which allows you to greatly save on the weight of the backpack. However, such savings must be justified and appropriate to the area to which tourists travel. Security and quality rest on a hike is always more important than saving on equipment weight. Going on a hike in the highlands with a light tent or on a ski trip to the Polar Urals with a summer sleeping bag just to save weight in a backpack is a guaranteed threat to your own safety.

Of course, this set is not universal and can be completed with other equipment, depending on the conditions and tasks, but it is he who shows what points you should pay attention to when preparing for the campaign.

Interesting video: hiking equipment

After a long journey, every tourist needs good vacation... The place where the participants of the hike rest, eat, sleep and gain strength is called tourist bivouac... He will shelter you from bad weather and give you the opportunity to sit by the fire.

For duration their bivouacs are divided into the following types:

• small and lunch break;
• daytime;
• overnight stay.

The main rule in organizing a bivouac is the right choice of location... It is equally important in this matter to protect the bivouac from bad weather, prepare a site for a tent and make a fire.

How to choose the right places to rest

Small rest

For this type of bivouac, flat, dry areas are good, for example, clearings, roadsides or edges. It's great if there is a source where can you bring drinking water.

The forest strip will perfectly protect the resting place from strong winds. If there are no trees nearby, then shrub thickets and coastal slopes will do. We must not forget about presence of insects- pay attention to this. In summer, it is better to rest in the shade, but in winter, stop in places that are illuminated by the sun.

Lunch bivouac, day and night

A good place to spend a day or to spend the night will be a flat area for placing tents; there must be a reservoir nearby (river, lake) and dry brushwood for fuel.

In winter, when choosing a place to stay, pay attention to availability of good fuel. At this time of the year, you can use snow as drinking water, just melt it over a fire.

Better stop by the river in summer, near the village . In this case, it is better to choose a site for the camp a little upstream from the settlement, fords and watering holes. Choose places where the river has a sandy bottom, a comfortable descent and a calm surface.

When choosing a site for an overnight stay, consider the time the place is illuminated by the sun. In such cases, the eastern side of a riverbank or hillside is perfect. This choice will ensure that the tent and dew on the grass dries quickly.

If the route passes in forest parks or protected natural areas, camp can only be set up in places that are specially designated for this .

Safety conditions for the place of rest and overnight

Planning to set up a parking lot in mountainous areas, it is important to take into account the peculiarities of the weather and relief.

• To avoid landslides, avalanches, rockfalls, mudflows, do not stop under cornices, at the foot of rocks or in avalanche-prone couloirs.
• Don't choose when you see a thunderstorm places on the peaks hills, ridges or passes to protect yourself from being struck by lightning.
• To avoid fire it is forbidden to set up a tourist camp in areas with dry shrubs or in more often coniferous forests. Be aware of a sudden change in weather, a lightning strike or an incoming storm can bring down rotten trees, and this also applies to felled trees.

How to properly organize a bivouac

Organization of a small halt

The leader chooses a place that is suitable for a halt, then stops the team and shares responsibilities between the participants. In most cases, it is enough to entrust one person with the delivery of drinking water, and the other to distribute sandwiches, etc. The rest of the participants of the hike take 5-10 minutes to rest after taking off their backpacks. You can rest on fallen trees, stumps, dry soil. It is useful to lie down and raise your legs up, placing them comfortably on your backpack. After resting, it is recommended to do a light warm-up.

In winter, immediately after stopping, you should put on a warm thing, it can be a quilted jacket or a jacket. Also, to keep warm, if possible, it is good to drink hot coffee or tea. In winter, a small halt should not last longer than 5 minutes. Don't use your backpack for the seat, you can easily crush your belongings and food.

Organization of a lunch break

Several people are already involved in organizing the lunch break. Two bring water, one kindles a fire, the other builds a fireplace, all the others go for fuel. When there is already water, firewood and a fire are appointed on duty. These are the participants who must keep the fire going and prepare the food. All the rest at this time pick berries or mushrooms, fish if possible, or just relax or play various sports games.

The lunch break lasts about 2-4 hours. If the weather is sunny, you can dry your equipment and clothes, in rainy weather you must first select a site for tents, put all your backpacks in a separate place and cover them with a film or a raincoat.

The lunch bivouac is shorter in winter than in summer, its duration depends on how quickly the campfire is made and the food is prepared by the attendants. First, the whole group, without removing the lick, needs to trample the snow on the site where the camp will be. After that, the leader distributes the work to each member of the group. One makes the flooring or digs a pit for the fire, the other is responsible for the brushwood, and the third kindles the fire.

In the winter halt, the main thing is to involve all members of the group in active participation, this will not allow you to overcool and shorten the duration of the halt.

Organization of daytime and overnight stay in the field

The organization of this type of bivouac is similar to the organization of a lunch break, but it already involves more people on duty. Additional tourists on duty are needed to equip the camp. Their function is to prepare fuel for the fire, they also clear the territory of the camp. For a well-equipped camp, benches, dryers and hangers are erected. All this is done from scrap materials. Some of the attendants clear the descent to the water, if necessary, and dig a pit for garbage.

V winter time the attendants also dig a pit for the handkerchief and tamp the path from the fire to the tents. In case of strong winds, a wind protection system is built. Two or three tourists provide the group with "small-sized" firewood to keep the tent warm at night, for this they use camp stoves. The organization of the winter hike takes more time (about 3 hours), so you need to make a stop before it gets dark.

Day and night mode

The main thing in the hike is the correct regime, which will give you a normal rest and, which is important, a good sleep. Very nice, especially if good company, sit by the fire, but it is important not to forget about sleep. Do not sit up until the morning and feel tired the next day. A competent leader should announce the lights-out time in advance, around 22:00. After lights out in the camp, you must not make a lot of noise and talk loudly, so as not to interfere with other participants in rest.

In addition to rest and sleep, the organization of daytime and overnight stay should include the allocation of time for community work, repair and inspection of clothing and equipment. It also takes time for entertainment, exercise, games, training, picking berries and mushrooms. During the day, it is good to carry out walks and excursions, they help to get better acquainted with the area.

Collapsing the camp

The team starts packing up their backpacks.

If the weather is bad and it is raining or it is winter time, then the backpacks are collected in the tent. If the weather is good, warm and sunny, all things are removed from the tent, leaving the entrance open so that it dries out, and a backpack is collected outside.

There is no need to break benches, tables and screens - other tourist groups may need them. But wooden racks and stakes are put to the remains of firewood near the fireplace.

Collect all the trash and take it with you... The paper can be burned in the fire. Then extinguish the fire by flooding it with water, cover it with snow or earth.

Readiness check

Before leaving the place of spending the night or day, the leader checks the composition of the group, the presence of all things, whether something has been forgotten, whether the resting place has been removed, whether the fire is extinguished.

Tip: don't forget to rest on the route! Stick to the regimen: 45 minutes on the road - 5 minutes of rest.

Bivouac

b and c y and k (German Biwak, French bivouac), location (parking) tourist group for an overnight stay or rest. Tour members. groups usually spend 10-14 hours a day in a bivouac. They are busy with the equipment of the camp, cooking, repairing clothes and equipment, preparing for the next day, resting. The bivouac is located on fairly flat and dry areas, glades, in places inaccessible to rockfalls, avalanches, flooding, and direct lightning strikes. The parking area should be sheltered from the wind and, if possible, not labor intensive for equipment; it is desirable that there is a source of water nearby

bivouac in the mountains
In the mountains, a bivouac should not be set up on protruding parts of ridges, under cornices and steep slopes, in the margins and mouth parts of their cones, on fresh (mobile or lying on ice slopes) talus, between serraks and in glacier cracks in the zone of active ice movement, the bivouac should be designed for sudden deterioration in weather. In anticipation of a thunderstorm, all metal objects should be folded 25 - 30 m from the parking lot. Arranging a bivouac at high altitudes, at low temperature , bad weather, strong wind, as well as for 2 or more nights in one place . it is better to build a snow hut i.e. to open a cave to provide a more comfortable overnight stay, safety of equipment, etc. Snow cave or hut (Fig. 2) can accommodate up to 4-6 people. In the case of a larger group, construct 2 – 3 adjacent caves, connecting them with a manhole.

The place for the bivouac should be chosen before dark when forced to stop in the dark, fog, it is necessary to survey the area within a radius of 200-300 m to make sure that the chosen place is safe. Before going to bed, you need to check whether the property is sheltered from the wind and bad weather, how the tents are fortified, and before leaving the bivouac, whether you have forgotten anything from the equipment, whether the parking place has been removed, or the fire is extinguished.

In water trips to the bivouac site, additional requirements are imposed: the river bank must be convenient for mooring and carrying out vessels; the presence on the shore of a platform for placing ships at night (at least 3-4 m above the water level) and a platform for setting up a tent, a fire (at least 5-6 m above the water level). In addition, in the taiga and tundra zones, the parking lot should be well ventilated - this will reduce the number of blood-sucking insects; in mountainous areas it is desirable that it be illuminated by the sun in the morning. Water tourists often bivouac at the confluence with the main river. a tributary river, where fish are usually well caught.

The choice of a place for a bivouac begins on duty 30 - 40 minutes before the planned end of the working day; you should inspect the area from the shore. It is advisable to use old parking lots and old fireplaces. It is not recommended to bivouac on the island - the water level may rise at night. Having stopped for the night, tourists unload ships and take them (with the exception of rafts) ashore. During anchorage, all vessels (including those lying on the shore) must be tied up. At the bivouac, water tourists often make a second fire to dry their clothes. If the weather is inclement, then the organization of the bivouac begins with setting up tents, a camp tent and sheltering things from the rain.

In speleo hikes, a bivouac, or underground camp, is usually organized when passing difficult multi-day cave routes. The specifics of underground conditions (high humidity, low temperature, lack of natural light and closed space) determine the increased requirements for the equipment of the camp compared to the ground bivouac. When setting up an underground bivouac, it is necessary to provide a place for garbage and waste, which, after removing the camp, must be brought to the surface. Such a bivouac should be located above the possible flood water level, away from rocky areas. For recreation at the bivouac, spacious tents made of nylon are used, which provide sufficient comfort for living (the ability to change clothes, dry clothes, cook food). It is desirable to have a heat-insulating mat (rug) and multi-bed sleeping bags with a nylon top. A canopy made of waterproof material is erected over the tent. Depending on the relief and the degree of watering of the parking area, the tent is erected on the ground or on a suspended platform (piles may be used). Accommodation can also be organized with hammocks and insulated awnings. The set of underground life support includes: lamps, a supply of food, a gasoline, paraffin, gas or dry fuel burner, kitchen utensils and a set of medicines. Regular telephone communication is established with the underground camp.

), due to the need for a long stay in the natural environment.

Types of bivouacs

Depending on the conditions of the location for the night, the bivouac can be:

Camping equipment is understood as special equipment (tents, rugs, carpet mats, folding beds, sleeping bags, cooking equipment, etc.) that people carry / carry with them.

The organization of a bivouac without bivouac equipment is possible when the possibilities of the bivouac location are used.

Ways of organizing a bivouac without camp equipment:

Each sport has its own characteristics of the organization of bivouacs.

In rally-raids, in particular on rally-marfons (DAKAR, SilkWay, Abu Dhabi Desert Challenge, Rally OiLybya du Maroc), bivouacs are located in convenient places for participants, not far from airfields, or directly on the territory of airports (airfields).

On some rally marathons, the bivouac is permanently located in one place. This is convenient from the point of view of the lack of daily movements of mechanics, allows the service teams to rest after night work with equipment until the arrival of athletes after the finish of the next SS (SpetsUchastka).

On rally-marathons, which do not take place locally and cross long distances (countries, continents), lasting a week or more, bivouacs are constantly moving from city to city. The location of bivouacs at rally marathons is mandatory on the territory of airports (airfields), since a large number of journalists and support technicians are transported by air.

Every day at dawn, all heavy technicians and escort vehicles move to a new location in the bivouac, which can be located at a distance of 200 to 1000 km.

Before the arrival of the first participant in the race, the bivouac should already be built and fully functional (amenities, showers, food), and this is not an easy task for the organizers of the marathon. Therefore, lately bivouacs have been built and provided on the basis of the principle "through one", i.e. All the equipment and people working at the bivouac facilities, having filmed from one place today, are sent not to the bivouac where the race participants will arrive this evening, but after one.

Participants of the competition independently resolve issues with an overnight stay, using tents, motorhomes, caravans, etc.

The real spirit of the rally-marathon can be felt and understood only by spending the night from start to finish of the race in a bivouac, falling asleep under the roar of working tools and generators ...

Mountaineering and rock climbing bivouac

The organization of a bivouac in mountaineering and rock climbing depends on the features of the relief, height, difficulty of the route, climatic conditions... The organization of the bivouac also involves the use of equipment for cooking hot food: compact gas stoves (burners), special pots, autoclaves.

When climbing high mountains, special alpine tents are used, resistant to strong winds and frost.

When climbing in high mountains for the organization of the bivouac, they also use snow compacted by the wind, firn for the construction of windproof walls, or an igloo - a snow hut. If the relief and time permit, sometimes they dig caves in the snow.

When climbing steep steep walls, when it is not possible to set up a tent on a level or relatively level place, hammocks and platforms made of light metal structures are used, which are suspended from the rock, hammering in rocky hooks.

Bivouac in tourism

The peculiarity of organizing a bivouac by tourists is that the relief that they overcome, as a rule, is more flat. Therefore, depending on the type of tourism, different kinds camp equipment. For hiking or skiing, these are mainly tents, rugs, and cooking equipment. During winter hikes, special collapsible stoves are used, which are installed inside the tent for heating. Tourists take turns on duty at the heating stove to ensure safety and keep the fire going.

When organizing a tourist bivouac, unlike mountaineering, as a rule, a fire is organized for cooking and heating. Therefore, the camping equipment includes: a saw, an ax, devices for hanging pots and boilers on the fire, intended for cooking.

Tourists have the option to bring significantly more camping equipment with them for greater comfort, which may also include lightweight portable furniture.

Bivouac in speleology

In speleology, sometimes called “reverse mountaineering,” there are requirements for the organization of bivouacs. These include tents, hammocks, sleeping bags, cooking equipment, lighting and other equipment.

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Literature

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Excerpt from Biwak (sport)

In the happiest state of mind, returning from his southern travel Pierre fulfilled his long-standing intention to visit his friend Bolkonsky, whom he had not seen for two years.
Bogucharovo lay in an ugly, flat area covered with fields and felled and uncut spruce and birch forests. The Barsky yard was at the end of a straight line, along a large road located in the village, behind a newly dug, full of pond, with banks not yet overgrown with grass, in the middle of a young forest, between which stood several large pines.
The man's courtyard consisted of a threshing floor, outbuildings, stables, a bathhouse, an outbuilding and a large stone house with a semicircular pediment, which was still under construction. A young garden was planted around the house. The fences and gates were strong and new; there were two fire pipes and a green-painted barrel under a canopy; the roads were straight, the bridges were strong with railings. Everything had an imprint of neatness and thriftiness. The courtyards who met, when asked where the prince lived, pointed to a small, new outhouse, standing at the very edge of the pond. Prince Andrew's old uncle, Anton, dropped Pierre out of the carriage, said that the prince was at home, and escorted him into a clean, small hallway.
Pierre was struck by the modesty of the small, albeit clean, house, after the brilliant conditions in which last time he saw his friend in Petersburg. He hurriedly entered the small hall, still smelling of pine, not plastered, and wanted to move on, but Anton ran forward on tiptoe and knocked on the door.
- Well, what is there? - I heard a harsh, unpleasant voice.
- Guest, - answered Anton.
- Ask to wait, - and the chair pulled back was heard. Pierre walked quickly to the door and came face to face with Prince Andrew, who was coming out to him, frowning and aging. Pierre embraced him and, raising his glasses, kissed him on the cheeks and looked closely at him.
“I didn’t expect it, I’m very glad,” said Prince Andrey. Pierre said nothing; he looked at his friend in surprise, not taking his eyes off. He was struck by the change that had taken place in Prince Andrei. The words were gentle, a smile was on the lips and face of Prince Andrey, but the look was extinct, dead, to which, despite his apparent desire, Prince Andrey could not give a joyful and cheerful shine. Not that his friend lost weight, turned pale, matured; but this look and the wrinkle on his forehead, expressing a long concentration on one thing, astonished and alienated Pierre until he got used to them.
When meeting after a long separation, as always happens, the conversation could not stop for a long time; they asked and answered briefly about such things that they themselves knew that it was necessary to talk for a long time. Finally, the conversation gradually began to dwell on what was previously fragmentary, on questions about the past life, about plans for the future, about Pierre's journey, about his studies, about the war, etc. expressed itself even more strongly in the smile with which he listened to Pierre, especially when Pierre spoke with an animated joy about the past or the future. As if Prince Andrew would have liked, but could not take part in what he said. Pierre began to feel that before Prince Andrey, enthusiasm, dreams, hopes for happiness and goodness were not decent. He was ashamed to express all his new, Masonic thoughts, especially those renewed and excited in him by his last journey. He restrained himself, was afraid to be naive; at the same time he irresistibly wanted to show his friend as soon as possible that he was now a completely different, better Pierre than the one who had been in Petersburg.
- I cannot tell you how much I have gone through during this time. I myself would not have recognized myself.
“Yes, we have changed a lot, a lot since then,” said Prince Andrey.
- Well, what about you? - Pierre asked, - what are your plans?
- Plans? Prince Andrew repeated ironically. - My plans? He repeated, as if surprised at the meaning of such a word. - Yes, you see, I'm building, I want to move completely next year ...
Pierre silently, gazed intently at the aged face of (Prince) Andrey.
- No, I'm asking, - said Pierre, - but Prince Andrey interrupted him:
- What can you say about me…. tell me, tell me about your trip, about everything that you have done there in your properties?
Pierre began to talk about what he had done on his estates, trying to hide as much as possible his participation in the improvements made by him. Prince Andrew several times prompted Pierre in advance what he was telling, as if everything that Pierre had done had been a long time ago. famous story, and listened not only not with interest, but even as if ashamed of what Pierre was telling.
Pierre felt awkward and even hard in the company of his friend. He fell silent.
- But what, my dear, - said Prince Andrey, who was obviously also hard and embarrassed with the guest, - I am here in bivouacs, and I came just to see. I'm going to my sister again today. I will introduce you to them. Yes, you seem to be familiar, ”he said, obviously engaging a guest with whom he now felt nothing in common. - We'll go after lunch. And now you want to see my estate? - They went out and walked by until lunchtime, talking about political news and mutual acquaintances, like people who are not very close to each other. With some animation and interest, Prince Andrei spoke only of the new estate and construction he was arranging, but even here, in the middle of the conversation, on the stage, when Prince Andrei was describing to Pierre the future location of the house, he suddenly stopped. - However, there is nothing interesting here, let's go to dinner and go. - At dinner we started talking about Pierre's marriage.
“I was very surprised when I heard about this,” said Prince Andrey.
Pierre blushed as he always blushed at the same time, and hastily said:
- I'll tell you someday how it all happened. But you know that it's all over and forever.
- Forever and ever? - said Prince Andrew. - Forever nothing happens.
- But do you know how it all ended? Have you heard about the duel?

Tourist bivouac. Organization of bivvy works. Requirements for the place of choosing a bivouac Requirements for a place for choosing a bivouac Sequence of actions when organizing bivouac work and removing a bivouac Sequence of actions when organizing bivouac work and removing a bivouac Choosing a place for a fire, making a fire Choosing a place for a fire, making a fire

“Tourist bivouac. Organization of tilt work ”Over there, in the distance, near the river, you can see a village. Downstream of the river, beyond the village, you can stop. In the evening, we will ask the local grandmothers for fresh milk. There, near the village at the edge of the forest, there is a tall, spreading oak tree, just what you need if you can shelter from the rain. We will stand on the western side of the oak tree so that the sun does not wake us up early in the morning. At least we'll get some sleep! The place is picturesque. How nice there is a drop near the oak tree, what is needed is an even place, tents can be set up. We will come, set up tents, and then decide where the fire will be….

“Tourist bivouac. Organization of tipping works »Tipping works. Prepare firewood by stacking it at a distance of 5-6 m from the fire. Provide water availability. Set up tents compactly with the entrance to the fire at a distance of 5-6 m. Make a fire. Set up a place near the fire for eating. Prepare food. Prepare firewood by stacking it at a distance of 5-6 m from the fire. Provide water availability. Set up tents compactly with the entrance to the fire at a distance of 5-6 m. Make a fire. Set up a place near the fire for eating. Prepare food.

“Tourist bivouac. Organization of camp work »Camp removal. Personal backpacks are collected, sleeping bags are turned inside out, shaken out. The tent is dried in the sun (slopes, bottom), turned inside out and shaken out. Leftovers of food are left aside - for animals. The remains of the firewood are neatly stacked under the tree. Garbage is burned. They take non-combustible garbage with them. The fire is extinguished. Lay the removed sod into the fireplace and water it. Personal backpacks are collected, sleeping bags are turned inside out, shaken out. The tent is dried in the sun (slopes, bottom), turned inside out and shaken out. Leftovers of food are left aside - for animals. The remains of the firewood are neatly stacked under the tree. Garbage is burned. They take non-combustible garbage with them. The fire is extinguished. Lay the removed sod into the fireplace and water it.