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MBDOU D / S No. 28 "Lyudmila" combined type Korolev PRESENTATION ON THE TOPIC: "NATIONAL PARKS OF RUSSIA. Elk Island "(FOR ELDER PRESCHOOL CHILDREN) Educator Asadova S. A.
In Russia, in 30 years, 35 national parks... The main idea of creating park zones is not only the preservation of nature and historical monuments, but also the development of ecological tourism, education of respect for nature in people. Losiny Ostrov is considered the first national park in Russia. Slide text
National park ELOSINNY OSTROV It was founded in 1983 near Moscow. The uniqueness of this park is the only park within the large metropolis in the world. where you can see wild animals and rare plants. For example, 10 km from the Kremlin you can see beavers, elks, birds of prey.
According to its functions, Losiny Ostrov can be divided into three zones: Specially protected; Sports and walking area; Rest zone.
By territory national park the rivers Yauza and Pekhorka flow.
V flora the national park is dominated by forests. Of the trees, the dominant position is occupied by pines, spruces, larch, birch, oak and linden.
V pine forests the common wolfberry, lily of the valley, peach-leaved bell and European swimsuit grow.
In broad-leaved forests, you can see nettle-leaved bell, green-flowered and two-leaved, real nesting.
In swamps and near water bodies, marsh dremlik, spotted fingercorns, two-horned kokushnik and Fuchs have become widespread.
The national park is distinguished by a wide variety of fauna. The Yauza River creates excellent conditions for the habitation of many wild animals. Mammals - sika deer, elk, wild boar, muskrat, mink, fox, white hare, squirrel.
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Not far from us, a few kilometers away, is the National Park “ Elk Island" - it unique territory.
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Its uniqueness lies in the fact that the nature of Central Russia in all its diversity has been preserved in its natural form on its territory near the multimillion-dollar city:
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coniferous, birch and deciduous forests, areas of meadows and raised bogs, the sources of the Yauza with lakes.
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Beavers, wild boars and moose live ten kilometers from the Kremlin,
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many rare birds, plants listed in the Red Book grow.
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In ancient times, these forests in the northeast of Moscow were a favorite place for the royal chase and falconry. It was forbidden for mere mortals to catch animals and birds, cut trees, pick berries, and build houses.
The territory of Losiny Ostrov remained tsarist possessions until the revolution.
In 1842, when the territory of the park was slightly more than 6 thousand hectares, the foundation was laid for organized forestry. All work here began to be carried out according to the rules of "forest science".
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The territory of the Losiny Ostrov National Park is located between 55 ° 47 'and 55 ° 55' north latitude and 37 ° 40 'and 38 ° 01' east longitude.
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Losiny Ostrov stretches from Sokolniki Park to the cities of Balashikha, Shchelkovo, Korolev and Mytishchi, occupying 12 thousand hectares, only two-thirds of which are located outside the Moscow Ring Road.
Its length from north to south is 10 km, and from west to east - as much as 22 km.
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In the very center of Losiny Ostrov, not far from Mytishchi, there is a swamp; it is from here that the Yauza River originates. In addition to it, many rivulets flow through the reserve, forming a whole water network.
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Even in the pre-war years, the largest was built - the Akulov canal, connecting the Volga with the Yauza and Pekhorka rivers. It serves to supply the Volga water to the capital.
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Due to a significant forest area and long-term limitation of forestry activities, the Losiny Ostrov National Park remains one of the richest and most interesting forests in the Moscow region.
The Losiny Ostrov National Park is the first in Russia, created in 1983 on the territory that since ancient times served as jealously guarded hunting grounds of the great dukes and kings. The first forest inventory was carried out here in 1842, and the idea of creating a national park was put forward back in 1909.
The park is located in the Moscow region and Moscow. The area is more than 12 thousand hectares, including 3 thousand hectares - within the administrative boundaries of the city.
Geographically, the park is confined to the junction of the Meshcherskaya lowland and the Klinsko-Dmitrovskaya ridge, which is the watershed of the Moscow and Klyazma rivers. The relief of the territory is a slightly undulating plain. Absolute heights terrain ranges from 146 (floodplain of the Yauza river) to 175 m above sea level (quarters 45 and 54 of the Yauza forest park). In the central part of the park, there are gentle moraine ridges.
The history of this place is known from the documents of the XIV century, in particular, from the spiritual certificates of Russian princes - Ivan Kalita, Dimitri Donskoy, Vladimir Andreevich Serpukhovsky and their descendants. They mention arable land, forests, borders, located on the territory of the current national park. Later, this area becomes the site of the royal hunt, and the lands of the future "Losiny Ostrov" come under protection. During the Time of Troubles, economic activity in these places is sharply reduced, the former arable land is again overgrown with forest. The heyday of Losiny Island as a hunting ground is associated with the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov.
With the transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg, the territory of Losiny Ostrov loses its significance as the royal hunting grounds, but as state property it is protected by imperial decrees. Around the same time, the name "Elk Island" or "Linear Elk Island" was finally assigned to the territory. In 1934, Losiny Ostrov was included in the 50-kilometer forest-park belt of Moscow.
In 1979, a joint decision of the Moscow City and Regional Councils of People's Deputies was organized nature Park"Losiny Ostrov", and in 1983 by the decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR a national park was formed.
Losiny Ostrov is a unique territory. Its uniqueness lies not in the fact that there are some special "super-remarkable" objects like the Grand Canyon or a free herd of elephants, but in the fact that the nature of Central Russia in all its diversity has been preserved in its natural form on its territory near the city of many millions: coniferous, birch and deciduous forests, areas of meadows and raised bogs, the sources of the Yauza with lakes and floodplains. Beavers, wild boars and elks, many birds of prey, and rare plants in the Moscow region live ten kilometers from the Kremlin.
The "Island" is also interesting for its historical and cultural sights. Archaeological research has revealed to us the Vyatichi burial mounds (XIvXII centuries), ancient settlements. The excavations in the Alekseevskaya grove were sensational, where the remains of a palace structure of the late 17th century were discovered. And the history of the Mytishchi pumping station is closely connected with the construction of the first gravity water pipeline in Russia during the time of Catherine II. Once upon a time in these parts there was a chapel on the famous Thunder Spring, the most abundant source of water for the capital city. And the Belokamennaya station on the first Moscow district railroad- a rare monument of industrial architecture. On the Yaroslavl highway ( former road to the "Trinity"), visitors to the park will be shown Poklonnuyu mountain - Holy place pilgrims.
Losiny Ostrov's forests stretch almost 10 km from south to north and 20 km from west to east. They occupy more than 80% of the park's area. The dominant position was taken by birch forests, the number of lime and aspen forests increased. From the XIX century. only a few old pines remained. Hazel, mountain ash, euonymus, honeysuckle, buckthorn grow in the undergrowth. Among the abundant herbaceous vegetation you can see anemone, lungwort, peel, goose, crested ... There are also rare species that are subject to special protection.
More than 48 species of mammals live in the Losiny Ostrov lands: moose, sika deer, wild boars, foxes, hares, minks, ermines ... On the water bodies you can see beaver dams, muskrat huts.
Nearly 200 bird species nest in the park or have been spotted on the fly-overs. Very rarely, but nevertheless, a black stork, a species listed in the Red Data Books of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), arrives at Losiny Ostrov. Bean goose, gray and white-fronted geese and even a whooper swan stop to rest. And thousands of ducks of different species, flocks of herons, colonies of gulls have become common here.
"Losiny Ostrov" is the only nesting place for the feathered predator in the Moscow region - the red-footed fawn. Here freely live goshawk, hobby, buzzard, black kite, kestrel. In the meadows and swamps, you can hear the voices of a carrot, a bittern, a corncrake. A tawny owl nests in linden holes, and a long-eared owl nests in small forests.
The sources of the Yauza and Pekhorka rivers are located in the park. The climate of the region is moderately continental. Fluctuations in the average annual temperature are 3-4.80. The coldest month is January ( average temperature-90 - 110), the warmest is July (average temperature +190 +200). The winds of the western and southwestern points prevail.
The wild nature preserved inside the metropolis amazes our guests. One of them - an employee of the Pyrenees National Park D. Tribo-Laspierre (France) even wrote a letter to the President of Russia: lawns.However, in fact, this is a real protected area, where they saved wildlife, a real national park ... None Big City France and, as far as I know, the whole of Europe, and, who knows, the whole world, cannot boast of such a contrast. "
However, the value of "Losiny Ostrov" is not limited to its natural merits. Ancient land has its own deep historical and cultural roots. In 1989, by order of the national park, the first archaeological expedition was organized, as a result of which the ancient burials of the Vyatichi Slavs of the 9th-12th centuries were discovered. Historical and landscape studies, carried out now every year, have revealed mounds, settlements, ancient roads.
Sensational steel archaeological excavations in the Alekseevskaya grove. Grove - beautiful place in the park: ship pines, mighty spruces, ponds, the Pekhorka river. Thousands of Muscovites and residents of the Moscow region like to rest here. On old maps, next to the ponds, a place was marked, called the Alekseevsky Palace. Indeed, under a layer of soil, archaeologists have found the remains of a palace structure from the middle of the 17th century. - masonry from white stone, stove tiles, unique tiles. There was an assumption that one of the traveling palaces of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was located in the Alekseevskaya grove. Now at this place it is planned to create a museum complex "The Tsar's Hunt in Russia".
