Beach equipment on the lake. Business on the beach from A to Z. Detailed instructions - from renting a beach to arranging entertainment. Sunshades and sunbeds

Beach season 2016 is just around the corner, it's high time to start beautifying beaches. In the new season, 183 beach areas will function, of which only 81 are municipal. It turns out that the number of municipal beaches has decreased this summer (in 2014 there were 108 municipal beaches).

Vacationers from year to year on the beaches are promised a civilized vacation: changing cabins, showers, bright umbrellas and sun loungers (albeit for an additional fee). Beach equipment for the new season has already been ordered in China, but the whole picture on the beaches is still spoiled by dilapidated breakwaters with groins, which, alas, cannot be hidden anywhere.

Beautification of the beach is not only about arranging beach furniture and choosing a color scheme. Beach tenants need to think over everything: organize a paid and free zone, install changing cabins and trash bins, create walkways along the beach area and complete approaches for people with disabilities, equip stands with information, if necessary, bring communications underground, take care of safety and cleanliness, but above all - it is necessary to create, pouring a large number of river pebbles. Moreover, all this must be done quickly, before the onset of the summer season, otherwise the lease rights will be revoked. In a word, there are a lot of problems, but there is always not enough time, like money.

The beach near the Mandarin shopping center in the Adler district can be cited as a positive example of the improvement of a municipal beach. Here, a fairly wide beach strip has made it possible to create conditions for a comfortable stay.

In August 2014, a wooden podium was mounted around and a recreation area with a bar under a tent-like canopy was arranged, some of the sun loungers were placed on the sand. In addition, organized beach vacation near the swimming pool.

The construction of beach furniture is made of artificial rattan and looks attractive, and the material is not afraid of moisture and heat. You can only sit on the sun loungers for a fee, but everything looked stylish and worthy of a world-class resort.

There are no high fences, everything is in plain sight. The beach is accessible to everyone. If you have money - pay for additional comfort, no - sunbathe on your towel by the water. Even being nearby, it is always pleasant to look at the beautiful and well-groomed embankment.

But, for comparison, what the sports and playgrounds of the municipal beach "Mermaid" on Mamaika look like.

Owning a plot on a river or lake shore causes a natural desire to equip courtyard recreation areas with a view of water bodies. When developing a design, one has to take into account the features of the site and the comfortable location of the zones from the coast. Some people like to relax by the water, others prefer to stay away from possible splashes or seasonal flooding.

Several types of land plots can be distinguished, which determine different approaches to the arrangement of courtyards:

1. Flat or slightly sloping landlocked areas;

2. Plots on a steep slope with access to the shore;

3. Fenced areas separated from the reservoir by public roads or paths;

4. Plots from the side of the reservoir;

5. Plots on the shore of a lake or a wide calm river with the possibility of arranging a recreation area above the water.

Arrangement of areas fenced off from the reservoir

The least fortunate homeowners, who are separated from the pond by a road. They can only admire the nearby river or lake, but cannot create a recreation area on the shore. In such cases, both front and inner courtyards can be turned to the reservoir, and they are equipped in the usual way... The need to install a fence practically blocks the view of the reservoir, unless it is low or transparent fences.

The owners of such sites can only be advised to raise some of the functional areas in order to admire the river or lake. The options are varied: to equip or a spacious balcony, to attach a terrace to the second floor of the house, to create a solarium on a flat roof, to build a tree house.

Coastal recreational areas in small plots

Owners of small areas facing the water also experience certain difficulties. Many have to confine themselves to one versatile seating area on a spacious porch, terrace, deck or paved area. However, the very close presence of water and a beautiful coastline completely compensate for the lack of space. Below are convincing examples of arranging small areas of different styles.

To expand the functionality of small patios, try placing some of the seating areas directly above a calm pool. These can be simple decks with awnings or awnings, already described by us earlier, equipped with roofs of boat sheds. A house on a slope can be annexed on stilts to the porch or upper level.

Design of recreation areas in large, gently sloping areas

Owners of large plots can take full advantage of the location of the house on the shore. Zoning will create large and secluded areas for joint relaxation and calm contemplation of the reservoir. But what is the best way to plan the arrangement of the site? Which zones are best located near the coast, and which ones are in the back of the yard?

As a rule, recreation areas with benches, sun loungers, swimming pools, artificial waterfalls, garden hearths, gazebos are placed closer to the water's edge. Such an arrangement allows you to be on the shore for a long time, admiring the reservoir under the calm splash of water. To arrange a canopy, do it with a light canopy or awning, or leave the site open? The solution depends solely on the climate.

If the view of the river is very beautiful and you like to walk along the shore, it makes sense to create paths and install the right number of benches in the walking area. Remember that by planting large-sized trees, you can always correct the landscape picture, covering the unsightly view of the river and leaving the most spectacular areas open. For the same purpose, you can use garden arches and various landscape sculptures.

Also, do not forget to adjust the location of the recreation areas taking into account the view from the windows of the house. Do not completely block the view with a high shed or gazebo. Remember that in the cold winter, you are unlikely to rest under open air, and only from the inside of the house can you admire the view of the reservoir.

In our climate, the presence of a hearth in the coastal recreation area is very convenient. On the UltradizZ pages you will find both descriptions and excellent examples of their designs.

If an open view of the river remains in the area of ​​the pool, it will be very effective to build an overflow version of the bowl or veneer the sides in blue. From the examples below, it is clear how beautiful such options look with a view of the reservoir.

When a coastal recreation area settles down far from home, it makes sense to equip a bar or a summer kitchen on the shore, but so that the site is not flooded during the flood. With a sufficient budget, it is also possible to build a seaside summer house with a boat shed or a hangar for a boat below and an equipped kitchen and sleeping areas above.

In modern landscape design, they often preserve or imitate the natural landscape near the coast, placing most of the recreation areas in the middle of the courtyard. In this case, they break a lawn or create a sandy beach for relaxing on the shore, you can install one bench under the trees or build a deck above the water. If you plan at least occasionally to organize family parties and dinners on the deck or on the shore, then you should lay a convenient paved path for carts with food and utensils.

The location of recreation areas closer to the house has certain advantages: you can supply gas here, you can do without a refrigerator in the summer kitchen, there is no danger of destruction of buildings in a flood. Below is an Elite Coastal Landscaping Case Study from Proscape Lawn Care & Landscaping LLC. On the large open stone terrace, there is a pergola with stone benches and a wood-burning fireplace, and a summer kitchen with a gas fireplace and a grill built into the bar counter, and there is enough space for several dining tables in case of a big holiday.

Some disadvantage of flat areas could be considered the arrangement of all zones at the same level, but this problem is easily solved by the construction of high terraces and the use of balconies for relaxation. Below is the Stonewood, LLC project with recreation areas at different levels. A paved area with a wood-burning hearth adjoins the footbridge, an external staircase leads to a terrace with armchairs and sun loungers, next to the terrace there is a porch with a fireplace and upholstered furniture screened with mosquito nets.

A furnished terrace or balcony overlooking the pond does not have to be located along the shore-facing façade. Below is an example of a stylish seating area by Schmidt Architecture on a side façade covered terrace with glass railing, modern gas fireplace and recessed lights.

Arrangement of sites on the steep bank

Although the arrangement of a site on a slope is associated with large material costs, any investment is paid off by an effective terracing of recreation areas, and each zone can be either leaning on the slope or overhanging it. The owners of such plots can always enjoy the panoramic view, even if tall trees are planted along the river bank.

The higher the slope, the more separate zones can be arranged in the part of the yard facing the reservoir. Coupled with coastal sites and the ability to build surface zones, it is easy to turn the courtyard area into an elite one resort complex... As an example of such a design, we present below a stunning project by Cheatham Fletcher Scott Architects.

An important aspect of the design of the courtyards on the slope is the concern for the increased convenience and reliability of outdoor stairs. In addition to the usual railings, on especially steep sections, it makes sense to arrange ramps where it is supposed to move carts with drinks and food. Summer dining rooms are best located near the kitchen area, and the purpose of other sites should be chosen from your own preferences.

Coastal plot for summer cottages or country house- a great option for a beautiful arrangement and a comfortable stay.

Every year, about ten million Russians go to rest at domestic resorts, almost the same number of people sunbathe at foreign ones. And the rest of the country's population stays at home for various reasons. However, they also want to lie on the beach, splash in the water, play with the kids and have fun. Therefore, the idea of ​​opening own beach- promising and can bring considerable profit. But before you start to embody your idea in life, remember that our compatriots are increasingly drawn to civilized recreation. Therefore, putting several barbecue grills and inflating a trampoline does not mean organizing a beach.

In today's article, we will look at all the details of this business, give an example of a beach business plan and give some advice from experienced entrepreneurs.

The beach business is suitable for both the city and the countryside. All you need is a reservoir - the rest can be arranged. However, when starting your business in a small town or village, you need to analyze the number of potential customers who will visit the beach and generate income. The rural population is unlikely to be able to provide good income for the season, since their salaries are low. It's another matter if the village is located not far from the city and city dwellers will be able to escape there every weekend. Now it becomes popular vacation outside the city, so the number of beach visitors can justify your costs.

The next important point is the choice of a reservoir for the beach. It can be a pond, river, lake. You can even build a pond yourself, however, due to the fact that the water in it is stagnant, you will have to install expensive cleaning equipment. It is also better to drain the pond after each season in order to clear the bottom of the reservoir of debris and refresh the water. This will entail high costs, but the visitors will be happy.

Private beach is a promising business area

A beach on the river will require a mandatory permit from the administration of the city in which the beach will open. Usually this is not a complicated procedure, however, the cleanliness of the reservoir and the beach will be closely monitored, any violation will be punished with a large fine. Therefore, take care of the cleanliness of your beach in advance, hire staff who will remove the remnants of the "fun" of visitors every day.

Beach equipment requirements

According to Russian legislation, there are a number of rules and regulations that an entrepreneur must comply with in order for his beach to be admitted to the swimming season.

Before starting work, the beach must be inspected by employees of the sanitary and epidemiological station, after the inspection, a written conclusion on the state of the beach area must be issued and its suitability for bathing. A survey of the beach bottom within the limits of the swim should also be carried out. These procedures are repeated annually before the opening of the swimming season.

The beach should be equipped with rescue stations with trained personnel. The admission of rescuers to work is possible only after approval by the State Inspectorate for Small Vessels of the Russian Federation. The operating hours of the lifeguards are appointed by the owner of the beach, having agreed in advance with the local authorities. Rescuers must have necessary equipment for movement on water.

Swimming areas should have buoy restrictions that beach visitors should not swim over. All those present are notified of this with the help of a loudspeaker, as well as with the help of special signs on the shore.

The beaches should be located 500 meters from wastewater and 1000 meters from marinas, waterworks and berths. The bottom of the reservoir on the beach should have a gradual slope to a depth of two meters, and should also be cleared of snags, debris, plants, glass and stones.

Separately, areas for children and those who cannot swim should be limited; the depth of this area should not exceed 1.2 meters. On the beaches there should be stands with information about first aid, about the rules of conduct, about the number of sun loungers, tents and umbrellas to protect from the sun.

On the shore, at a distance of no more than 5 meters from the water, shields with lifebuoys are installed. On the circles there should be an inscription "Throw to the drowning man".

Lifebuoy shields must be installed on the beach

Be sure to set up a mast on the beach with a yellow flag, which means that "swimming is allowed" and a black ball with a diameter of 1 meter, meaning "swimming is prohibited."

There should be a medical center on the beach, equipped with means for providing first aid to people. Periodically, medical posts are checked for the availability of medicines and the professionalism of the paramedic.

There should be fountains on the beach with drinking water, as well as dry closets, so that the sanitary services allowed him to work. It is also necessary to install urns, at a distance of 8-10 meters from each other.

It is strictly forbidden to sell alcoholic drinks on the beach.

Entertainment

Usually, the entrance to the beach is free, the entrepreneur makes a profit from renting sun loungers, paying from kiosks and stalls on the beach and entertainment.

Any beach should have a whole range of entertainment for every taste so that visitors can leave the maximum amount of money. It can be trampolines, zorbing, waterslides, jet skis, water skis, catamarans and everyone's favorite bananas. Also, on the beach, you can set up a shooting gallery with the possibility of winning a valuable gift, arrange a mini-cafe with ice cream and soft drinks, open a souvenir shop.

All this will require a lot of money, so at the initial stage it is better to choose several types of entertainment, and rent the rest to make a profit. It is best to buy a few jet skis, bananas and jet skis from the start, as well as install trampolines and water slides. For this, an entrepreneur will need at least 400 thousand rubles.

Income and expenses

The beach business is an expensive business, because if you start from scratch, you will need to invest a lot of money in its arrangement: put up rescue stations, dry closets and changing rooms, install electricity, install trash cans and sheds, bring in sand, clean the bottom of the reservoir. All this, according to experienced entrepreneurs, takes from one to one and a half million rubles.

The next item of expense is the purchase of inventory and entertainment equipment. The more your equipment is purchased, the less you have to give to tenants and the higher the income of a businessman will be. In the first year of the beach operation, they usually spend no more than 500 thousand on the purchase of entertainment, this will allow you to quickly reach payback and develop the business later.

Renting a beach is considered the cheapest part, its amount does not exceed 50-80 thousand rubles per year (despite the fact that the season lasts only 3 months, the remaining time the entrepreneur pays rent for this area).

Beach staff is a serious blow to the pocket: lifeguards, paramedics, sellers, security. Over the season, salary costs will amount to more than 700,000 rubles.

Total expenses for the first year of the beach will be about 2,800,000 rubles.

Now let's turn to income. The entrepreneur does not charge an entrance fee to the beach, but compensates for this by renting sun loungers and umbrellas, fees for changing rooms and toilets, entertainment and receipts from tenants. The average monthly income of the beach in the first season is 500-600 thousand, every year the income will only grow, because everything most of the equipment will be owned by the entrepreneur. Based on such calculations, it turns out that the recoupment of the beach will be about two years.

The beach business is considered one of the most lucrative seasonal businesses, but the upfront costs and risks push many people away from the business. But if you are confident in your abilities, have the necessary funds to start and are not afraid of possible difficulties, then this business is for you, dare and become a successful beach owner.

Beautifying the beach around the pool is a demanding process because the convenience of rest at the summer cottage, as well as the complexity of taking care of the pool, will depend on this in the future. Next, we will consider the most suitable materials and ideas for decorating a beach in the country. We will also provide you with several popular materials that should not be used to improve the area around the pool.

Materials for decorating the beach in the country

To use the pool conveniently, and at the same time, the whole composition adorned the landscape design of the territory, you must use the following elements of decorating the beach in the country:

• Pave the shore with suitable material
• Supplement the pool with ornamental plants
• Set up on the beach

So, everything is in order.

Paving the beach

For paving the beach in the country, it is necessary to select durable, non-slip and at the same time decorative materials.

The classic version of the shore - sand and gravel is practically not used at the summer cottage, because sand dries out for a long time after rain, and it is uncomfortable to walk on gravel. In addition, the gravel heats up too much in the sun, which makes walking on the beach in the country not very comfortable.

It is recommended to give preference to paving slabs, it can decoratively complement the entire composition, besides, there is practically no need to care for it. It is necessary to choose tiles with a rough surface, because while swimming in the pool, water will flow onto the shore and make the tiles slippery, which endangers movement on the beach.

It is also recommended to pay attention to such paving material as wood. If you choose a moisture-resistant, durable variety of wood and additionally treat the material with an antiseptic agent, the beach in the country will take on a decorative look. The advantage of wood lies in the softness of the coating and the durability of the material (if it has all the necessary properties).

Another fairly popular modern paving material is decking or the so-called decking. This material is made of polypropylene and sawdust modules, which have a decorative appearance and a long service life. The disadvantage of decking is the high price, the advantage is the ease of installation of the coating.

And finally, it's worth saying a little about. Many summer residents decorate the beach in the country with a lawn covering. Although it requires constant care, the decorative appearance of the lawn grass will make the beach in the country as unusual as possible. In order for the lawn covering to last a long time and to decorate the beach with its appearance, it is necessary to choose wear-resistant lawn grasses or sports ones.

Shore decoration

We draw your attention to the fact that it is strictly forbidden to plant decorative in the pool or on the shore: the chloride water will kill them, moreover, an attractive pool will look like a pond and there can be no question of the convenience of bathing.

To decorate the beach in the country with ornamental plants, you must use container planting of flowers. In this case, the plants will not directly interact with water, moreover, they can always be brought indoors (in bad weather or in winter), as well as swapped by changing the type of recreation area.

Creating a recreation area

Well, the main element of the country pool is the recreation area. After swimming, you will also want to sunbathe or drink a soft drink.

To do this, it is necessary to equip a recreation area on the shore of the pool. It can be a small gazebo, sun loungers, garden furniture under a beach umbrella, and even. It is also recommended to equip a playground near the pool so that the children can relax next to you.

Materials and elements of landscape design that are not suitable for arranging a beach in the country.

So, first, let's talk about the materials of the pool side paving.

As we said earlier, the shore should not be slippery, so flat tiles should be eliminated right away.

Well, low grade wood will not be suitable for creating a beach: it will quickly begin to rot and the coating will have to be restored every season.

As for the plants, here we have already said that they should be planted in containers.

Additional activities to create a functional pool

Finally, we draw your attention to the fact that the beach at the dacha needs to be made horizontal. Any inclination towards the pool will lead to the fact that all melt and rainwater will drain into the bowl, which is not good. If, nevertheless, the site cannot be leveled (for example, the site is on a slope), it is necessary to create a protective barrier for the pool in the form of 15 - centimeter border.

Also, to create a functional beach in the country, it is recommended to mount the illumination of the recreation area, so that you can enjoy swimming and relaxing near the pool even at night.

That's all you need to know about creating a beach in the country. Use all your imagination to make your stay near the pool as comfortable as possible!

The choice of the territory for organizing the beach on the shore of the reservoir is made taking into account the allocation of three zones different in their functional purpose. The beach itself is recommended to be located 30-40 m wide along the water's edge. This area is the most visited, it is an open space with changing rooms and the necessary equipment for sunbathing. An area for active rest... It is a strip 15 to 40 m wide parallel to the coast, on which are located fields and areas for playing volleyball, badminton, tennis, etc. This zone, in comparison with the previous one, has a lower filling density. The sports area is designed in close proximity to the beach and is a logical continuation of it.

Sports grounds must meet increased requirements during operation, since significant loads arise during play and training. The surface of the sites should be flat, well planned and have a certain slope so that there is no stagnation of rainwater.

The clothes of the platforms are arranged in multi-layer (Fig. 1). As materials for clothes, stone or brick crushed stone of various fractions, coarse sand, fibrous peat, ordinary plant soil, stone dust or crushed stone sowing, ground clay are used.

Rice. 1

The sports ground clothing consists of a crushed stone base, an intermediate layer and a cover. The intermediate layer is created from peat, moss and sawdust and is intended for waterproofing in case of excessive soil moisture, as well as for giving the surface of the court elasticity and elasticity, which is very important when playing. The base is the main bearing element that can withstand loads during operation; usually the base is made of crushed stone (grain size 2-3 cm) or slag boiler. The surface of the site has the same meaning as the surface of the tracks, it is made from special mixtures or hard materials.

You can arrange the simplest sports ground on a planned and rammed earth base.

Sports grounds are arranged in compliance with certain technical requirements. The device is carried out in several stages. First, on a cleaned and leveled area intended for the site, a trough is arranged for laying layers of clothing 20-30 cm deep and with dimensions corresponding to the size of the site. The bottom of the trough is carefully aligned with the design marks. Slopes from the ridge of the site are taken equal to 0.005.

After leveling, the bottom of the trough is compacted - rolled with a roller. A special board or formwork from edged boards measuring 20 120 and 4 m thick is installed along the boundaries of the site. The formwork allows you to maintain clear boundaries of the site and "holds" all the clothes, preventing them from creeping to the sides. After installing the formwork, rubble is poured onto the compacted bottom as a base and compacted. Then an intermediate layer of elastic-moisture-absorbing materials is poured, this layer is leveled, then rolled. Then a special mixture is lined on the surface of this layer, used as a coating. The mixture is also flattened and rolled. When rolling all layers, they should be moistened with water, pouring from a hose (5-8 liters per 1 sq. M).

Equipment for sports grounds:

· Tennis court. A tennis court with a size of 18 to 36 meters is provided. The net is suspended on a steel cable with a diameter of no more than 8.5 mm. The ends of the cable are fixed at a height of 1.06 m from the ground. The mesh is made from hemp cord. Mesh posts are most often made of steel pipes inserted into concreted nozzles. Protective fence: height - 4m, mesh size of the wire mesh 40 mm, wire thickness 2.5 mm. Steel pipe poles are installed at a distance of 2-3 m from each other.

Surface water (rainwater or from melting snow) must be removed from the court immediately, regardless of the permeability of the soil. This water must drain into the grooves dug along the court and into a drainage channel.

The court surface must not be harder or smoother than normal hard courts. The court should be non-slip, resilient, free of dust and glare. In addition, it must meet requirements such as a uniform rebound of the ball from all points, good visibility of the ball, the ability to play immediately after rain, and not require large maintenance costs.

· Volleyball court. Boundary lines 5 cm wide are included in the size of the site. The safety zone is taken at least 3 m. The mesh is attached across the site to the posts (see figure), spaced no more than 1.5 m from the side lines. The normal height of the net for men is 2.43 m, for women - 2.24 m, and for girls and boys of different ages, respectively, 2.10 - 2.20 and 2.35 m. A tower is installed for the judge to continue the line of the grid.

And, finally, the least busy area of ​​quiet rest and walking, located among picturesque green spaces, is equipped with landscaped paths, platforms, gazebos, awnings, etc.

The plots for organizing the beach should be within convenient transport accessibility, in places that exclude possible water pollution, downstream of the water intake that provides the city with drinking water. The river speed should not exceed 1 m / s.

The size of the territory of the beaches located in resort areas and recreation areas for 1 visitor, should be taken, mІ, not less: sea - 5, river and lake - 8, sea, river and lake (for children) - 4.

The dimensions of river and lake beaches located on lands suitable for agricultural use and in urban areas should be taken at the rate of 5 m2 per visitor and 5-6 m2 of water surface.

The minimum length of the coastal strip of the beach for 1 visitor should be taken, m, not less: for sea beaches - 0.2, river and lake beaches - 0.25. The bottom should be as sandy and gentle as possible with a slope of no more than 0.03. With a shallower bottom (0.015), the width of the water strip intended for swimming will be about 200 m, and with steep slopes it will decrease. A place for swimming should be chosen where the depth of the reservoir does not exceed 2 m, and the most optimal is the area where the water area has two zones: with a depth of up to 1.2 m for those who cannot swim and with a depth of up to 2 m for those who can. The recommended cross-section of the beach is shown in Fig. 2.

Rice. 2 Cross-section of a river beach. 1 - distribution (pedestrian) alley; 2 - a protective strip of greenery (at least 6 m); 3 - beach; 4 - immersion zone; 5 - swimming area

The beach can be sandy - gravel-sandy, gravel-pebble or grassy. The area chosen for the organization of the beach should have a flat surface with a slight (0.01-0.03) slope to the water. In the case when there are unfavorable soils in this area (peat, silt, clay), it is necessary to provide for the creation of an artificial covering from imported material (sand, pebbles) (Fig. 3). To prevent erosion of the beach, it is necessary to create a special surcharge. The size of the material used for loading (gravel or pebbles) should change as the depth decreases and the slope of the underwater part of the beach increases.

Rice. 3 Artificial beach. 1 - natural soil; 2 - imported or alluvial sand; 3 - gravel and pebble surcharge

Depending on the attendance of the beach, it is equipped with awnings, wardrobes, changing cabins, first-aid posts and rescue stations, catering establishments and equipment rental, showers. They are equipped with jumping towers, solariums, aeraria, shade umbrellas and awnings, as well as playgrounds and recreation areas. Beaches should have toilets and garbage collection points. Contaminated runoff water should not enter the beach area. To do this, a drainage system is arranged in front of the beach, intercepting surface water, which flows to the beach from higher territories.

Due to the erosion of the coast due to the flow of water and wave action, the beach is often destroyed. Therefore, in the plan, it should have a slightly concave shape along the curve, which ensures the circulation of water and excludes erosion and removal of particles outside of it. If it is impossible to locate a beach with a bay-like outline, in order to reduce the carry-over of beach particles and retain sediments, engineering structures are used in the form of stream-guiding dams, buns and breakwaters.

Breakwaters and groins protect the beach from erosion and increase its area towards the reservoir. Breakwaters are mainly used on sea ​​beaches... They are located parallel to the coast, and they can be unsubmerged and submerged, i.e. above or below the water level. Depending on the material of the bottom, they are located from the coast at a distance of 20 to 100 m. The groins are placed perpendicularly or at an angle to the coast and connected to it. They are quite effective for the beach accumulation process for both sea and river beaches.

In front of the beach, it is necessary to provide for the creation of a distribution alley with a bandwidth (width), taking into account the capacity of the beach and its attendance. The alley is separated from the beach by a strip of green spaces at least 6 m wide and with a sufficient number of exits to it. In order to exclude the ingress of surface water onto the beach, a drainage collector is laid along the edge of the inner edge of the alley, and the slope of the cover towards it prevents dirty water from entering the beach and ensures its quick drainage through the collector outside the territory.

When designing a beach, it is necessary to provide for a special area for bathing children. It can be a closed reservoir connected to the main channel or pipe for water exchange, or a specially fenced shallow section of the main reservoir. Much attention is paid to the installation of a variety of water devices (firecrackers, slides for rolling into the water, etc.) and the equipment of nearby playgrounds (swings, awnings, etc.).

The beaches should be located on the southern, southwestern and southeastern slopes with the greatest insolation.

The number of tourists is determined in accordance with SNiP 2.07.01-89 *. Territory size beach area rest is accepted for one visitor from the following standards: in area S` not less than 8 m2, along the length of the coastal strip L` - not less than 0.25 m.

Accordingly, the number of vacationers N will be determined as the smallest of the expressions:

NS = S / S` and NL = L / L`

where S and L are the beach area and the length of its coastal strip, respectively.

The total number of one-time visitors is determined taking into account the coefficient of simultaneous beach loading (kz = 0.2 for the local population).

According to their functional purpose, the beaches are divided:

• · Medical, intended for workers undergoing treatment in sanatoriums (separate and combined in complexes);
• · General resort - for all contingents of tourists at the resort;
• · Citywide - for the resident population of the resort.

For the organization of climatotherapy, as a rule, the existing natural beaches are used. In some cases, with insufficient areas of natural beaches, special open areas are created.

For all types of beaches, the area per person is normalized, and functional areas are predefined. City-wide beaches have less developed forms of equipment for functional areas and are designed mainly for recreation and health procedures - baths of total solar radiation and air baths (in the shade).

To establish the optimal conditions for carrying out climatotherapy, as well as to determine the size of the equipment used, it is necessary to know some data on the meteorological state of the atmosphere and their effect on the human body.

Different combinations of temperature, humidity and air velocity can give not only different thermal sensations, but also different physiological reactions in humans. According to the Sochi Research Institute of Balneology and Physiotherapy, the optimal conditions for a person are: air temperature - 18-21 ° C;

relative humidity - 60 - 80%;

air speed - up to 3 m / s.

The most favorable for taking heliotherapy baths is the sun standing over the horizon of 40 -50 C; in this case, an optimal voltage of ultraviolet radiation is created, and infrared radiation has not yet reached its maximum.

In accordance with SNiP 2.07.01-89 *, the coastal strips of ponds should be landscaped. To do this, you need to do:

• · Creation of convenient and safe descents to the water;
• · Creation of a rescue and medical center on the beach;
• · Lining of driveways and pedestrian paths;
• · Planting green spaces;
• · The device of a safe relief.

Rescue station. The building of the rescue station should be located so that it is possible to conveniently observe and control the water area. A tower is installed for observation. The premises include the rooms of the duty personnel (15 - 20 sq.m.) and the head of the rescue service (9 sq.m.). In addition, a first-aid post with a bathroom (15 sq.m.) may be provided in the building. The rescue station is more often located in the same building as other beach service establishments. Near the station there should be a dock for rescue boats, as well as a special room for storing boats on the shore.

Along the water area in the bathing areas, every 25 m at a distance of 4-5 m from the water, pillars with a shield for attaching life-saving equipment should be installed: lifebuoys, Suslov's balls and the ends of the Alexandrov system, shields - wooden, racks - wooden, metal or reinforced concrete.

Alleys, paths, paths. The constructions of alleys, paths, paths on the beaches and in the adjacent green zone should be dust-free, not very hot from the sun's rays. Must be weatherproof and walkable.

In fig. 4 presented different kinds coverings of alleys, paths. The best coverings are prefabricated concrete slabs or natural stone. They are easy to install and use, they can be given any shape, any texture and color.

Concrete slabs can be produced in various sizes and configurations: square - 37.5 37.5 4; 50 50 5 cm and hexagonal with sides 33 and 50 cm, thickness 4 and 6 cm.

In areas with less foot traffic, concrete slabs or natural stone slabs can be laid out with 3 cm wide joints. A vegetable pound is poured into the joints and lawn grass seeds are sown. The level of the ground in the seams should be 1.5-2 cm below the level of the slabs, and the paths themselves should be made 3-4 cm above ground level.

The width and coverage of the paths, as well as their location in the plan, are determined depending on their purpose and the intensity of pedestrian traffic. With one-way traffic, the width of the track is 0.75 m, with two-way traffic, -1.5.

Rice. 4 Types of paving paths, alleys, paths on the beach and in the green area. 1,2 - paths, paths made of concrete slabs in the green zone; 3, 5, 6 - paths, paths made of natural flagstone; 4 - alleys made of concrete slabs in the green zone; 7 - alleys made of concrete slabs and concrete filled with pebbles and gravel; 8 - walkways made of concrete with exposed pebble and gravel aggregate; 9 - paths mainly on pebble and sandy beaches- boardwalk on logs; 10 - paths made of wooden shorties - end paving

Beach equipment. The design of furniture for the beach must be carried out taking into account the following basic provisions:

• · Equipment of functional areas of beaches, providing a comfortable rest;
• · Optimal dimensions of equipment due to the rational use of products and anthropometric data;
• · Possibilities of variant use of equipment items;
• · The use of resistant materials and coatings that improve the performance of products and increase their service life;
• · Unification of elements for groups of furniture with a similar design scheme and size ranges;
• · Creation of a wide range of products due to a variety of colors and the use of various finishing materials.
• · Changing cabins can be designed for one, two, three and four people. It is advisable to consider a series of cabins of various capacities based on unified elements. The composition of the plan must be decided during the design process.

The design of the cab includes a metal frame and for the enclosing surfaces, polymer sheet materials, wooden slats, etc. The surface of the cabs must be resistant to atmospheric precipitation and exposure to sunlight. For a stationary installation of cabins, it is necessary to provide for a reliable fastening with embedding it in the ground, as well as the possibility of dismantling for the winter. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure storage during conservation.

· Benches. Types of benches designed for equipping unshaded areas and green areas, their varieties, providing for different operating conditions (stationary, mobile, etc.), as well as the features of the material used.

Depending on the operating conditions, you can precisely select the appropriate type of product.

The base of the bench must ensure its stability; fixed support options (reinforced concrete and other materials rigidly fixed in pounds) may be envisaged. The surface of the seat must have a resistant coating against external influences - sun, rain, etc.

· Individual sun protection devices. The main types of sun-protection devices designed for individual use are: umbrellas, awnings, shaded oval, rectangular and trapezoidal shapes in the plan, creating shading of one lounger.

Installation of umbrellas and screens should be carried out in metal glasses embedded in concrete, or have heavy metal bases that ensure the stability of the entire device. The main material for the frame is metal. On the frame, it is necessary to provide devices for towels and dresses. A special colored canvas should be used to cover the umbrellas and screens. In the device of umbrellas there should be a mechanism for giving it an inclined position, which allows creating the necessary area of ​​shade at different positions of the sun.

• · Waste bins should be provided both free-standing and hinged. The shape of free-standing urns in the plan can be square or round. The device of the urn should provide for easy extraction of the contents and cleaning the surface of the internal volume. The construction material must be resistant to aggressive environmental influences.
• · The beach cleaning trolley should have a trash can, scoop, broom area and holder, and reliable wheels for moving on sandy and rocky ground. The garbage container can be made of waterproof fabric. The material of construction and finishing must be resistant to light disinfection.
• · Furniture color scheme. It is advisable to paint furniture for beach equipment in light colors. However, white should be avoided as it tends to generate unnecessary radiation (reflectance 80%). I took into account that the most successful combination is a contrast one, several colors can be recommended: blue, blue - green, orange, which have reflection coefficients of 30, 20 - 30 and 25 - 30%, respectively. These colors contrast well with the color of the beach cover - yellow sand, gray - yellow and gray - blue pebbles. The selection of the color of the equipment must be made in contrast to the existing color of the beach cover,

In the same landscape, the brightness ratio does not exceed 50: 1. Subjects in the shade are 10 times weaker than objects not protected from the sun.

Green and blue intensify their color in partial shade, while red and yellow gain color in illuminated areas. Given these properties of colors, it can be recommended for coloring furniture used in the shade, blue, blue - green, light blue, and for furniture located on illuminated areas - red, orange, yellow.