Palace Embankment- almost the same age as Petersburg. In 1705, the house of one of the founders of the Army Fleet, General Admiral Fyodor Matveyevich Apraksin, was built on the then swampy river banks. Later, it was in this house that Anna Ioannovna settled. Like the embankment itself, originally called the Upper, the mansion was made of wood. During the period of active development, the so-called "red line" was defined for the entire street.
In 1712, the Wedding Chambers of Peter I were erected, next to them, the houses of the emperor's entourage gradually grew. Four years later, the personal residence of the king was erected here - Winter Palace Peter (today it is only partially preserved and is located in the building of the Hermitage Theater). And in 1710-1714, the construction of the palace of the same name was underway in the Summer Garden, designed by Domenico Trezzini, the founder of the European school in Russian architecture. This building has come down to us in an almost unchanged form and is now a branch of the Russian Museum.
The central quarters gradually turned into a kingdom of "stone chambers", but only in the middle of the 18th century, when piles were installed in the shallow water of the river and additionally reinforced the bank with earth, it became possible to build a renovated embankment. It was with Dvortsovaya that the history of the city's stone streets began; it was the first to be dressed in granite slabs in accordance with the plan of the architect Yuri Felten. At the same time, the first staircase moorings appeared. After the completion of the construction of the Winter Palace according to the project of Bartolomeo Rastrelli, its modern name was fixed behind the embankment.
However, half a century later, the appearance of the street was not at all ceremonial - between the barns and sheds piled heaps of building materials intended for the construction of the General Staff. By order of Nicholas I, another architect with Italian roots, Carl Rossi, developed a reconstruction project. The descent to the Neva was decorated with bronze sculptures of lions and polished porphyry vases. The latter became a gift to the Russian emperor from King Charles XIV of Sweden. In 1873, both of them were moved to the Admiralty Embankment, where they are still located.
Since its inception, the street has had different names: Nalichnaya or Kamennaya Line, Upper or Millionnaya Embankment, Ninth January Embankment. Since 1944, the name Palace Embankment has been officially confirmed.
Attractions of the Palace Embankment
Palace Embankment is included in the list Cultural heritage Russian Federation... Due to the fact that the building has been going on for more than one decade, it cannot be said that the buildings standing here are made in a single architectural style, each era had its own dominant. Initially, the summer and winter residences of the first Russian emperor, built in the spirit of Peter the Great Baroque, set the tone. Then came the turn of the monumental Rococo. The guests of the city can see the heritage of these styles in the facades of the Winter Palace and the Great Hermitage. But in original form most of the monuments of the 18th century did not survive and were either completely demolished, like the wooden Opera House, on the site of which the Betskoy mansion is now located, or significantly altered in subsequent years, like the Cantemir Palace, which, through the efforts of several architects, turned into Gromov's house.
But today there are many examples of classicism on the Palace Embankment: the Hermitage Theater, which swallowed up the Winter Palace of Peter I, Marble palace- the first St. Petersburg building, completely faced with natural stone, the Saltykov house with partially preserved interiors, the already mentioned Betsky house, the Small Hermitage.
The Gromov's mansion and the Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace represent architectural eclecticism, since during the numerous alterations initiated by the heirs or new owners, the architects, to a greater or lesser extent, retained the features of the original buildings. On a separate line worth mentioning former palace Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich, where the House of Scientists is now located. In the second half of the 19th century, it was designed by the first chairman of the St. Petersburg Society of Architects, Alexander Rezanov, in the style of a Florentine palazzo.
It is interesting that for all the heterogeneity of the development, the Palace Embankment in St. Petersburg looks harmonious and architecturally integral.
How to get there
There are docks for motor ships on the Palace Embankment. Nearby there are stops along the route of several buses and trolley buses at once. The nearest metro station is "Admiralteyskaya", but in the warm season it will not be difficult to walk from the stations "Nevsky Prospekt" and "Gostiny Dvor".
- "Palace Embankment in St. Petersburg". "Palace Embankment in St. Petersburg". Painted lithograph by F. Perrault. 1841. Palace Embankment (until the end of the 18th century. Upper Embankment, First Upper Embankment, in 1923-44 the Embankment of the Ninth January), ... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"
Palace Embankment- (until the end of the 18th century, the Upper Embankment, the First Upper Embankment, in 1923 the 44th embankment of the Ninth January), on the left bank of the Neva, between Kutuzovskaya and Admiralteiskaya embankments, crosses Suvorovskaya Square, connected by the Palace Bridge with ...
Palace Embankment (St. Petersburg)- Coordinates: 59 ° 56'29.45 ″ s. NS. 30 ° 18'48.26 "in. d. / 59.941514 ° N NS. 30.31340 ... Wikipedia
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Palace Square- This term has other meanings, see Palace Square (meanings). Coordinates: 59 ° 56'21 ″ s. NS. 30 ° 18'57 ″ in. d. / 59.939167 ° N NS. 30.315833 ° E ... Wikipedia
Roshal embankment- Admiralteyskaya embankment General information Admiralteysky district Former names Roshal embankment Length 414 m "View of the Neva from the Winter Palace". A. K. Beggrov, 1881 ... Wikipedia
Books
- Winter Palace, Palace Embankment and the Hermitage, Dombrovsky Alexey Viktorovich. We are opening a new series of publications about St. Petersburg under the general title "Center of the Empire". The books are organized in the form of stories, walks through the main attractions of the Northern capital. In these ... Buy for 692 rubles
- Palace Embankment, Tatiana Alekseevna Solovyova. With this book the St. Petersburg historian T. A. Solovyova continues her series of works dedicated to the embankments northern capital... Together with the author, the reader will take a fascinating walk through ...
Palace Embankment
And, leaning on the colonnades, Granite masses rise as an unshakable row of Palaces Above the darkened Neva! .. N. Agnivtsev.
Location: left bank of the Neva, from Troitsky to Palace Bridge
Palace Embankment, one of the most picturesque in St. Petersburg, is located on the left bank of the Neva, between Kutuzovskaya and Admiralteiskaya embankments. It crosses Suvorovskaya Square and is connected by the Palace Bridge with Vasilyevsky Island, and the Troitsky Bridge with the Petrogradskaya Side. The ensemble of the Palace Embankment includes outstanding in terms of its artistic value architectural structures: Winter Palace, Small and Old Hermitages, Hermitage Theater, Marble Palace, House of Scientists and other buildings.
Soon after the founding of St. Petersburg, in 1715, the general scheme of the Palace Embankment was outlined. In those days, it was called Upper, and retained this name until the end of the 18th century. In 1754-1762, according to the project of the architect Rastrelli, the Winter Palace was erected, which became the royal residence. It was he who gave the name to the Palace Square, Palace Embankment, Palace Proezd and Palace Bridge located next to it. During the heyday of Soviet power, when it became a good tradition to rename streets and avenues, naming them in honor of prominent figures and memorable dates of the revolution, Palace Embankment turned into the Ninth January Embankment. However, already in 1944, the original name was returned, and has remained unchanged since then.
In the middle of the 18th century, the Palace Embankment was faced with granite; it was complemented by picturesque descents to the water, made by the master G. Nasonov according to the project of the architect I. Rossi. In the 19th century, at the place where the entrance to the Palace Bridge is today, there was a pier, decorated with bronze sculptures of lions (sculptor - I. Prokofiev) and porphyry vases. In 1873 they were moved to the Admiralty Embankment.
On the Palace Embankment there is the former palace of the Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich, made by the architect A. Rezanov in the style of a Florentine palazzo. Today it houses the House of Scientists (Dvortsovaya Embankment, 26). House No. 20 belonged to I. Moshkov, chief-quartermaster of Peter I. Old walls of the building are preserved under late plastering. House No. 18 was built in the middle of the 19th century by the architect Stakenschneider for the Grand Duke Mikhail. There is no stylistic unity in the buildings on the Palace Embankment, but its appearance gives the impression of harmony, balance and architectural integrity.
Historical reference
1715 - creation of the embankment. 1754-1762 - erection of the building of the Winter Palace, which gave the name to the embankment. 1763-1767 - the embankment is faced with granite, slopes to the water are built. 1763-1766 - construction of the Hermitage Bridge over the Winter Canal. 1767-1768 - construction of the Verkhne-Lebyazhiy Bridge over the Lebyazhy Canal. Legends and myths
There are several palaces on the Palace Embankment, including the official royal residence, so it is not surprising that many legends about the palaces themselves and their owners are associated with this place in St. Petersburg. For example, among the Hermitage workers there is a legend about the last owner of the Winter Palace - Emperor Nicholas II. It is said that in the evenings the ghost of the Tsar-Martyr appears in the galleries of the Hermitage, who sadly looks around his former possessions.
Palace Embankment- this is the embankment of the Neva in St. Petersburg.
Palace Embankment is located on the left bank of the Neva and runs from the Kutuzov embankment to the Admiralteiskaya embankment. The length of the embankment is 1300 meters.
History of the Palace Embankment
The embankment of the Neva was outlined shortly after the founding of the city, in 1715. In those days it was called Upper.
V different time the embankment was called by different names: Nalichnaya line, Naberezhnaya Kamennaya line, Millionnaya. Sometimes it was called the Post Office because the Post Yard was located here. After the Winter Palace was built here in 1762, the embankment became officially known as the Palace Embankment. In Soviet times, the embankment was called the Ninth of January for a long time, but in 1944 its old name was returned.
Until the middle of the 18th century, all embankments were wooden, and Dvortsovaya became the first stone street. During the reconstruction, it was complemented by picturesque slopes to the water, made by the master G. Nasonov according to the project of the architect I. Rossi.
Attractions on the Palace Embankment
- Laundry bridge
- Summer garden
- Upper Lebyazhy Bridge
- Betsky's house
- Saltykov House
- Marble palace
- Gromov's mansion (Ratkov-Rozhnova)
- Zherebtsova's tenement house
- Novo-Mikhailovsky Palace
- Palace of Vladimir Alexandrovich
- Reserve House of the Winter Palace
- Hermitage Theater
- Hermitage bridge
- The big hermitage
- Small Hermitage
- Winter Palace
- Winter Palace Garden
The embankment houses the buildings of the State Hermitage, the Russian Museum, etc.
Connection with the urban road network
Main highways
Streets
Water communications
Transport
Terrestrial public transport only crosses the embankment without walking along it.
On the embankment, there are marinas serving aquatic species transport:
Public transport crossing the embankment:
- Stop "Palace Embankment" at the Palace Bridge:
- Stop "Suvorovskaya Square" at the Trinity Bridge:
Construction history
Coastline formation
At the beginning of the 18th century, the swampy bank of the Neva had not yet been fortified, development was carried out in the depths of the plots, thus the embankment passed approximately in the middle of the block between the present Millionnaya Street and the modern embankment of the Neva and was called Upper embankment... However, already in 1716, due to the expansion land plots moves northward: broke the piles along the shallow water of the river and built a new embankment that exists today.
In April 1707, a decree was issued that strictly regulated the allotment of land plots for construction, depending on the official and property status of the applicants. The same decree established the size of land allotments. All of them with a narrow side (from 5 to 12 fathoms) went to the banks of the Neva and were intended only for persons related to the Admiralty Department.
Architectural ensemble
Stone parapets
In 1761, Catherine II conceived grandiose ambitious plans for the renovation of the capital. Urban planning problems began to come to the fore, the Commission on the stone structure of St. Petersburg and Moscow was established, the chief architect of which was Yuri Felten. Among the first measures to transform St. Petersburg was the replacement of the wooden embankment of the Neva with a stone parapet with landing staircases. In July 1762, a decree followed:
Felten played a decisive role in the implementation of this plan. Time-consuming work on the construction of the granite embankment continued until 1780. The shaky soil hardened with a pile, in some places the earth was added. The mooring stairs were supposed to be straight ledges, but in the final version they acquired an oval shape. " Along the entire coast and piers, although the balustrade was appointed with iron gratings, but ... for strength, the panels were made of cut sea stone". From the same stone they laid out " a pedestrian». « From this pedestrian to houses from under old road the weak earth was taken out, and instead of that, the foundation was strengthened into the real depth and repaired with a special solid paving". Lanterns on metal poles were installed along the entire embankment. At the same time, near the old Winter Palace, a stone " bridge with arch and balustrade". The bridge across the Fontanka was conceived of stone only at the coast, and in the middle it was wooden, with a lifting device, but for the sake of strength it was built " all stone vaulted", The one that has survived to this day.
sights
Notable residents
- Representatives of the ruling Romanov dynasty - Summer Palace of Peter I, Winter Palace of Peter I, Winter Palace, grand ducal palaces.
- I. I. Betskoy - building 2
- I.A.Krylov (1791-1796) - house 2
- Prince Peter of Oldenburg - house 2
- C. Yu. Witte - building 30
- Tarle, Evgeny Viktorovich (01.1933 - 1955) - building 30, apt. 4
- Giacomo Quarenghi - house 32
- Joseph Orbeli - house 32
- K. E. Makovsky - building 30 (house of G. F. Mengden)
For the main part of the Alexander Column (a granite monolith weighing 600 tons), mined in 1830-1832 in the Pyuterlak quarry, a special pier on the Palace Embankment was used. The ship's engineer Colonel Glasin was in charge of the transportation, who designed and built a special bot called "St. Nicholas" with a carrying capacity of up to 1,100 tons. A special pier was built to carry out unloading operations. The unloading was carried out onto a wooden platform at the end of the breakwater, which coincided in height with the side of the vessel. The work on mining and delivery was headed by the contractor, merchant son V.A.Yakovlev, who was responsible for the entire part of the operation from the beginning to the moment the monolith was unloaded ashore.
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Notes (edit)
Literature
- Gorbachevich K.S., Khablo E.P. Why are they named so? About the origin of the names of streets, squares, islands, rivers and bridges in Leningrad. - 3rd ed., Rev. and add. - L.: Lenizdat, 1985 .-- S. 106-107. - 511 p.
- Gorbachevich K.S., Khablo E.P. Why are they named so? About the origin of the names of streets, squares, islands, rivers and bridges in St. Petersburg. - 4th ed., Rev. - SPb. : Norint, 1996 .-- S. 71-72. - 359 p. - ISBN 5-7711-0002-1.
- City names today and yesterday: Petersburg toponymy / comp. S. V. Alekseeva, A. G. Vladimirovich, A. D. Erofeev et al. - 2nd ed., Revised. and add. - SPb. : Lik, 1997 .-- S. 40 .-- 288 p. - (Three centuries of Northern Palmyra). - ISBN 5-86038-023-2.
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