Engine room plan for motor ship of project rm 376. Yaroslavets (type of vessels). Portholes and hatches of the ship

Yaroslavets- the name of the series of utility boats.

By 1948, in the design bureau of the SME, a project of a multipurpose boat was developed and approved for the needs of the Navy and National economy... The boat of the "I" type, produced in the 1930-1940s, was taken as a basis. The project received the number 376 and the code "North". In 1953, the lead boat of the project was launched at the shipyard No. 345. The boats of the project got their name - "Yaroslavets" by the name of the enterprise. The second enterprise where the production of boats began was Sosnovsky shipyard"No. 640 in the Kirov region. Small series of boats were built at the plant in Russa, Novgorod region and at the Krasnoyarsk ship repair and shipbuilding plant, at the Leninskaya Kuznitsa plant and shipyards in Varna, Bulgaria.

Boat modifications

The initial project provided for the development of three modifications of the boat: working, customs and diving, which could be transported by rail.

The following modifications were developed on the basis of the project:

• Harbor boat, radiation and chemical reconnaissance boat, sanitary boat - 376;
• Traveling work boat - Р376; R376U; RN376U
• Modernized harbor working boat (tugboat) - РМ376;
• Training boat - RMU376;
• Marine hydrographic survey boat - G376;
• Large hydrographic boat of the "GPB-511" type - G376U;
• Raid diving boat - RV376, RV376U
• Raid diving boat with decompression chamber - RVK376;
• Passenger boat for the needs of the National Economy - RVN376U;
• Modernized diving boat - RVM376 (03766);
• Harbor diving boat - RVM376U;
• Boat minesweeper of contact and non-contact mines (road minesweeper) - T376;
• Boat minesweeper model 1957 - T376U
• Torpedo boat - L376M;
• Torpedo boat model 1962 - L376;
• Torpedo boat model 1954 - TL376;
• Finder of bottom mines and sunken torpedoes - I376, I376U;
• Artillery boat (armed raid bot) - B376;
• Large patrol boat - RV376, RV376A;
• Medium customs ship - RVK376
• Mortar boat - М376
• PSKA for Sea of ​​Azov- P376 (03765)

Modernization

Further development of the project is the multipurpose boat of project 02220 "Yaroslavets-M". The boat was designed as a multipurpose one - patrol, service and crew, pleasure boat, for transportation of various cargo, towing small vessels, or a support boat. The comfort and habitability of the boat was improved, an additional bathroom and shower for the crew were installed. The lead boat (serial number 061) of the modernized design was launched at OJSC Yaroslavl Shipyard on June 25, 2015. Main characteristics of the vessel

Hold
The bow and stern ends of the hull are lengthened. In place of the bow cargo hold (11-20 staff) and the bow cabin (3-11 staff) and partly the engine room (20-22 staff) on the platform, a passenger compartment (3-18 staff) is equipped with a toilet, shower, sauna (18-22 sp.) with aluminum profile windows. Watertight bulkheads on frames 3, 11, 20 are kept up to the platform level. Access to the hold is through the openings in the platform. The aft cargo hold (28-35 sp.) Is converted into a 2-berth cabin. A pantry is equipped in the stern (35-38 sp.), In the bulkhead 35 sp. a waterproof door is installed.

Main deck
The existing superstructure is being dismantled. Above the sauna along the DP, a wheelhouse (16-22 sp.) Is installed, with a raised windshield, the entrance to the wheelhouse is on the starboard side. On the starboard side of the wheelhouse, there is a passage for entering the bow of the ship, on the left (20-22 sp. LB) there is a vestibule for the entrance to the saloon. The deck in front of the wheelhouse is used as a solarium. The MO cap expands from side to side (22-28 shp.), To form a smooth deck and improve the habitability of the MO. At 27-29 sp. L. B. equipped with a vestibule for the entrance to the aft cabin. A guard rail is installed along the perimeter of the vessel, at 22-38 sp. metal bulwarks with doors (30-32 sp.) and uprights for supporting the awning (25-28 and 35-38 sp.) on both sides. Gas exhaust pipes and cable routes are laid in the box along the inner wall of the racks (25-28 shp.).

Awning deck
A U-shaped mast is installed on a metal awning deck (18-37 sp.). At 37-43 sp. an awning is mounted on a tubular frame.

Ship power plant
Exhaust gases from the diesel generator and the main engine are discharged through pipes, when they exit to the main deck, the pipes are laid in a steel box passing along the bulwark post to the awning deck (26-27 sp. PB).

Propulsion and steering complex
The cable routing of the remote control and steering system is lengthened.

Electrical equipment
The direct current generator is replaced with an OS-52-OM4 alternator with a voltage of 230V and a power of 8 kW. The 110 V switchboard is replaced by a 220 V switchboard. An electric fireplace is installed in the sauna. Antennas, navigation lights and a lightning rod are installed on the top of the mast.

Radio equipment
The radio equipment is in the wheelhouse, the main VHF radiotelephone station Kama RM is being added to the existing equipment.

Mechanisms and equipment
The anchor device is transferred from 3 to 1 frame. The heating boiler is dismantled. An instantaneous water heater and a microwave oven are built into the kitchen set. A windshield wiper is installed on the frontal window of the cabin.

Water supply system, waste water, drainage
A manual pump НР-025/30 is installed in MO (28 sp. drinking water from the existing tank to the newly installed drinking water supply tank with a volume of 250 liters, located between the main deck and the deckhouse floor (22-23 sht.). Water heating is carried out by a 3 kW flow-through electric heater. Hot water is supplied to the washbasin in the toilet, kitchen sink and shower. In the MO, oily waters accumulate under the slates, and they are discharged through the deck sleeve to the receiving device of the treatment plant. Dehumidification in the terminal compartments is performed by portable ejectors.

Ventilation system
Natural ventilation. Ventilation jibs are installed in the blind compartments. In the MO, air inflow is carried out through the ventilation duct overlooking the awning deck (26-27 sp. PB). Exhaust from MO with two deflector heads (27-28 shp.).

Fire extinguishing system
End angle valves are transferred, one to the aft wall of the wheelhouse, the other to the metal awning. A gas fire extinguishing module 2M1-40A4 (UKM1) TU25-09-044-07-98 is installed in the MO. 1 fire extinguisher is installed in the saloon, wheelhouse, MO, cabin.

Rescue equipment
Liferaft PSV-16, 6 lifebuoys, of which 2 with a life line and 1 with a luminous buoy, 15 lifejackets.

Project 8056.1

to the motor yacht "Yaroslavich"

Appointment.

Business, service and pleasure flights, use as a floating office for business meetings and negotiations

Operation area.

Inland water basins and coastal maritime areas, belonging to the category "O" according to the classification of the Russian River Register

Distinctive features.

This motor ship has an increased safety of navigation in comparison with the motor ship P376 due to improved stability, has a class of the River Register "M", which allows operation in all river basins, including reservoirs of category "M" of the River Register.
The motor ship has a large autonomy, it can be equipped with installations for the purification of waste and sub-seam waters, a fuel preparation unit that reduces fuel consumption by 10-15%.
The ship's layout and design documentation can be changed at the request of the customer.

Project А99401
Re-equipment of the motor ship pr. R376 ("Yaroslavets")

to the motor yacht "Favorite"

Appointment

Business, service and pleasure flights, use as a floating office for business meetings and negotiations, for fishing.

Operation area

Inland water basins belonging to the category "O" according to the classification of the Russian River Register.

Distinctive features

This motor ship has an increased safety of navigation compared to the motor ship P376 due to improved stability characteristics, has a River Register class "O", which allows operation in all river basins, including reservoirs of category "M" of the River Register (optional). The motor ship has a large autonomy, it can be equipped with installations for the treatment of waste and sub-seam waters, a fuel preparation installation that reduces fuel consumption by 10-15%. The ship's layout and design documentation can be changed at the request of the customer.

Refit concept.

Solving the issue of safe operation of motor ships of the project R376 with an increased superstructure in volume, we came to the conclusion that the stability of these vessels with developed superstructures is insufficient even when operating in pools of "L" and "R" categories with the installation of up to 10 tons of ballast.
The increase in the width of the vessel due to the installation of boules made it possible to significantly increase the volume of the superstructure, to make it two-tiered and to expand the area of ​​operation of the converted vessels to the pools of the "M-Pr" category. The result was a safe vessel in operation with double sides that protect the main hull from damage, with good characteristics in terms of stability and unsinkability, with a duplicated aerosol fire extinguishing system in the engine room.

Additional options:

1. installation of a water mist fire extinguishing system in residential premises;
2. installation of armored glass in porthole windows protecting from penetration through them in the absence of guards at parking lots and winter storage;
3. replacement of the main engine with YaMZ-238, NanniDiesel and others;
4. installation of external and internal surveillance and burglar alarms;
5. installation of thickened or duplicate sheets in the bow of the bottom to preserve the hull plating when mooring with the bow to the shore;
6. installation of bow and stern ladders for going ashore;
7. installation of exhaust gas recuperators, allowing to reduce fuel consumption by 20-30%, to clean the exhaust from soot, carbon dioxide, to reduce the temperature of the gas exhaust to 40-50 ° C;
8. Installation of noise-absorbing structures
9. Installation of a waste water treatment system
10. Installation of a drinking water treatment system
11. Exclusive architectural view vessel at the customer's choice
12. Exclusive ship paint scheme
13. Reclassification of the vessel to the class "M-Pr"

Project 376/136
Re-equipment of the motor ship pr. R376 ("Yaroslavets")

to the motor yacht "Omul"

Main characteristics

River Register class …… + "О 2.0"

Overall length …………… 23.08 m

Overall width ……………. 5.3 m

Board height ………………… .. 2.05 m

Empty displacement ……. 56 t

Empty draft …………… .. 1.26 m

Power of the power plant ………………. 150 kWt

Travel speed ………………… 18 km / h

Autonomy ………………… 6 days

Passenger capacity ...…… 7 people

Crew seats…………….. 3

Main characteristics

River Register class ... ..... + "О 2.0"

Overall length …………… ...… .23.1 m

Overall width ………… .. …… .5.3 m

Board height ……………………… ..… 2.05 m

Empty displacement ... ... .... 56 t

Empty draft ………… ... ……… 1.26 m

SPP power …………… ... ……… .150 kW

Travel speed …………… ... ……… .18 ​​km / h

Autonomy ………………… ... ……. 6 days

Passenger capacity ...... 7 people

Crew seats ………… ......... ……… .3

Underwater communications, search for sunken boats, rescue operations in rivers, lakes and reservoirs, forensic investigations - in these areas, the help of qualified divers can come in handy. Diving work carried out on the river and lake expanses of Russia requires not only courage and heroism from divers. Availability is important here necessary equipment and equipment. Underwater work cannot be carried out without good preparation. Before starting them, it is necessary to check the technical serviceability of the vessel, which will transport the divers to the place of operations. As a rule, for underwater work on rivers and reservoirs up to forty-five meters deep, the Yaroslavets boat of project 376 is used. This type of vessel is specially designed for the needs of the Russian Navy.

The history of the ship

The Russian boat "Yaroslavets" (project 376) appeared in the fifties of the twentieth century. For the needs of the navy and the national economy, a project for a tugboat was required, which would be used for diving and customs work. That is why in 1948 the project of the boat was approved, which received the number 376 and the code "Sever". It was supposed to be used by the fleet and some spheres of the national economy. When designing the ship, a necessary condition was put forward: Russian-made boats must have all the necessary characteristics for transporting ships along railroad.

In 1953, thanks to which the series received its semi-official name, launched the lead boat of Project 376. The ships were immediately put into production in a large series. And two years later, some of the project data were changed, which made it possible to improve the operational characteristics of the vessel and modernize the technology of its production. A new "Yaroslavets" appeared - a project 376U boat. After the changes were made, this was actively used not only by the military, but also by civilian ministries and departments, as well as for supplies abroad. The second enterprise where the production of boats began was the Sosnovsky Shipyard (Kirov region).

External characteristics

"Yaroslavets" - a boat, which is a motor ship with one propeller, with a saddle deck, a wheelhouse with a superstructure, with a canopy over the engine room and aft hold compartment. The hull of the ship is usually made with a solid transverse seam. The boat is equipped with six watertight bulkheads, three fuel tanks are installed on the bottom of the vessel.

It doesn't matter if it was designed harbor boat, border, customs or passenger, the external characteristics of any type of vessel are as follows: the length of the boat is about twenty one meters, the width reaches four. Board height - 2.1 meters. The vessel can accommodate up to twelve people. In free running, the speed of the ship can reach ten knots.

Specifications

It is known that Russian-made boats of the Yaroslavets series are designed in such a way that their operation would reduce the time of transporting divers or cargo to their destination and ensure uninterrupted operation in water bodies, rivers or lakes. A harbor boat or a towing boat is built in such a way that water maneuvers can be easily performed in shallow water, as well as in shallow ice surfaces. In addition, transportation of the vessel by rail is envisaged, therefore the dimensions of the boat are calculated taking into account the implementation of this condition... To perform operations in reservoirs where there is fine broken ice, the ice kingston is provided in the design of the boat. The displacement of the boat is 46.9 tons, the average draft with a load - without a load is 0.97 m, the free speed is 10.5, the autonomy is 5 days.

Renovation

The ship can be repaired independently. However, such repairs can be carried out by the ship's crew or its owner only in cases where the damage to the boat will be minor. For example, it is necessary to replace the standard skin in order to avoid a boat leak.

In other cases, the ship is transported to the shipyard, where a complete painting of the hull is carried out, an electrician is put in order, the mechanisms of hatches and windows are checked. The boat is delivered to the place of repair work on railway transport... Here, the foremen of the judiciary carry out a major overhaul, after which the ship is returned to the owner.

Hull

As a reinforcement of the boat's structure, powerful flat bulbs are installed, which are used as a basis for wooden or metal transverse ribs of the ship's hull and transverse beams for additional structural rigidity. A fender bar is attached along the entire hull of the vessel. The bars are made of metal or wood. Pipes can be bent or semicircular, with a longitudinal rib (characteristic for a metal fender).

Also in shipbuilding, metal corners, plates and strips are used for the manufacture of additional The frame of the boat is sheathed with metal sheets, which are soldered to each other with welded seams with a width of four to ten millimeters. A common occurrence for a river vessel is the appearance of abnormal sheets during self-repair. However, this does not affect its further operation.

The stern and bow of the boat are additionally reinforced with rods to strengthen the structure and balance the vessel on the water surface. On some models of Yaroslavets boats, towing bows are installed, which allow to prevent the destruction of the towing cable during appropriate maneuvers. Tow bars are installed when a tug boat is the result of shipbuilding.

Rudder

A streamlined balancer rudder is installed on the boat during construction. It is made, as a rule, hollow, from sheet metal. The mechanism controls the rudder stays, which are involved in turning maneuvers. This is a kind of boat paddle. Project 376 had only one rudder blade. However, in the process of modernizing the vessel, another one appeared.

The rudder blade is a metal sheet with ribs. It is attached to the boat with six bolts on a round or rectangular flange. In this project, the rudder blade does not have a bottom support, which often leads to the loss of the rudder during the operation of the vessel. On upper deck one or two plugs are installed for the component part of the steering mechanism. These are a kind of screw plugs for the holes into which the tiller is inserted. An integral part of the steering mechanism, thus, will function even if the cables break, transmitting forces to the tiller from the steering wheel and then directly to the steering wheel. If such a situation arises, the boat can be steered manually.

Wheelhouse

During the construction of the boat, the wheelhouse and the cap are built on to its frame. A hook is attached to the back wall - a steel hook attached to cables and chains. Serves for lifting boats, cargo and towing other vessels. A removable or staple ladder is also attached there, leading to the engine room navigation bridge. The Yaroslavets is characterized by removable wheelhouses, which make it possible to transport a river tug boat by rail. However, in all modifications of the boat of the project 376, the caps of the engine room are not removable. Only one of the burl sheets will be dismantled. Moreover, its characteristics, depending on the modifications, will differ. For boats of the project 376, a flat sheet of metal with stiffeners is used, while for the project 376U, profiled sheets without welded fasteners are used.

Three doors and a rectangular window are installed on the wheelhouse on the port side. The middle door is hermetically sealed and then leads directly to the radio room. The first door from the stern leads to the latrine and is splash-proof.

On the right, there are two doors, a rectangular window and two round portholes. The doors are of various designs. Over time, the locks on the doors have evolved, the technological characteristics of the door hinges have changed.

Portholes and hatches of the ship

The Yaroslavets model is a boat equipped with six portholes on the port side of the vessel. There are only four windows on the starboard side of the boat. Those closest to the food are sometimes brewed as they may be too close to the surface of the water. This usually happens when a boat is being converted, when it is planned to lay ballast, which will increase the draft of a river vessel.

The design of the boat provides for deck hatches leading to the interior of the boat. During the modernization of the boat, the operational characteristics of hatches and doors were generally improved.

Scopes of the vessel

The boat "Yaroslavets" can serve both for military purposes and for some agricultural enterprises that transport products abroad by river. "Yaroslavets", as a rule, is not intended for personal use, however, there are many, both physical and legal entities who own it.

Today the vessel is used to a greater extent as a tugboat. With its help, non-self-propelled and small river vessels are towed. In addition, "Yaroslavets" is used as a passenger boat. It can hold up to twelve people in its holds.

The vessel is actively used as a harbor boat. He delivers divers to the site of the underwater operation. Equipment for underwater work is constantly stored on board.

Up to fifteen tons of cargo can be transported abroad in the holds of the vessel. The crew also guards the border of the river and fights against poaching, so the Yaroslavets is also used as a border boat.

River vessel cost

In the 50s of the last century, the boat of the Yaroslavl shipyard was produced in river waters and was used for the needs of the navy, as well as some industries Agriculture... However, to date, the new boats of Project 376 are no longer released into the water. In addition, at the moment, as we have already mentioned, most of serviceable river vessels owned by individuals.

A Russian boat, the price of which may vary depending on the year the vessel was released for water, as well as on the number of repairs, is easy to find on the free market. Due to the fact that this type of ships is being built less and less today, you can only buy boats that have already been in use before.

The purchase can cost from a million rubles. At the same time, it is important to carefully examine the boat, the price of which may seem fabulous. After all, it is important for any buyer to receive dividends from the purchase in a short time, without spending additional funds on ship repairs.

Conclusion

"Yaroslavets" is one of the most affordable boats, and you can buy it in almost every city in Russia. Even now, she is one of the most comfortable and useful river boats due to her excellent technical characteristics.

project R376, R376U, RM-376, RVM-376 type "Yaroslavets"
Ships of the "Yaroslavets" type of project R-376, R-376U, RM-376, RVM-376 were built in a large series over several decades (1953 - 80) at various enterprises, in versions of tug, crew, diving and other vessels. Author of the project: KB SME.
R-376, R-376U- A single-screw tug with a saddle deck, a wheelhouse and a superstructure on the deck, with a canopy above the MO and aft cargo hold. Purpose - towing small vessels, transportation of 10-15 tons of cargo in holds, transportation of up to 12 passengers. The boat can be transported by rail with the superstructure removed from the deck. (Serial Transport Ship Handbook, Volume 3, pp. 179-181 OPEN) project P376 project P376Have In 1948, in the design bureau of the SME, the project was approved a tugboat for the needs of the Navy and the national economy. The project was assigned a number - 376 and a code - "North". The project envisaged development of documentation for the construction of three modifications of the boat at once: working, customs and diving. One of the indispensable design conditions put forward by the customer was the ability to transport the boat by rail. In 1953, at Shipyard No. 345 (now Yaroslavl Shipyard)the lead boat of Project 376 was launched. enterprises, the project received a semi-official name - "Yaroslavets" - instead of a cipher that was forgotten over time. The construction was immediately launched in a large series. The second large enterprise, which began to build boats of Project 376, was the Sosnovsky Shipbuilding Plant, Shipyard No. 640. In 1955-57, an improved model of the boat was developed, which received the designation - 376u. Changes were made to the design of the boat to improve its technical and operational characteristics. A lot of effort was spent on working off manufacturability of production. As a result, it turned out to be very successful for of its time, a project that was launched into mass production not only for the Navy, but also for civilian ministries and departments, as well as for supplies abroad. The type of vessel is a single-screw motor ship with a saddle deck, a wheelhouse and a superstructure on the deck, with a canopy above the MO and aft hold. The hull of the boat is made all-welded according to the transverse pattern of the set... It has 6 watertight bulkheads, 3 bottom fuel tanks. The dimensions of the hull are made with the condition of transporting the boat by rail with the superstructure removed.The drawings below show the marking of the welded seams of the side skin and deck flooring, made from photographs of the boats. The width of the welded seams is 4 to 10 mm. It should be noted that on many boats, during the repair, non-standard sheathing sheets or patches appear. As an example, see the explanation to the drawing of the boat "Olympus". The design of the boat is adapted for sailing in shallow broken ice. This is due, inter alia, to the presenceice kingston, whichwarm water is supplied to the external cooling circuit of the main engine,stem design,the presence of ice reinforcement in the bowhull in the form of a powerful T-beam. A very powerful was used in the structural structure of the hull. strip-bulbs as the basis for frames and beams, strips, corners, plates for the manufacture of ribs and other structural elements are also used, and in the later series of Project 376U, many welded elements are replaced with bent profiles. The steering wheel on the boat is balanced with a streamlined shape. The boats of the project 376 had only one rudder blade (Fig. 3, Fig. 6). The 376U has two rudder feathers (Fig. 4, Fig. 5a). Accordingly, there are one or two plugs on the upper deck, covering the holes for installing the tiller. (The so-called "glasses" are screw plugs of the holes into which the tiller is inserted in order to control the boat manually if the drive steering cables are suddenly torn). Fig. 3 Fig. 4 The rudders are made hollow, welded from sheet metal (Fig. 5). The feather has no lower support and its loss is not uncommon. For self-repairs, a simpler pen is installed - flat, made of a sheet of metal, with ribs (Fig. 5a). The pen is fastened with six bolts for a rectangular (on Project 376U boats - Fig. 5 and Fig. 5a) or a round flange (on Project 376 boats - Fig. 6). fig. 5 fig. 5a rice. 6 There are 6 windows on the left side of the boat. The porthole closest to the stern is sometimes welded up, because it is too close to the surface of the water. This usually happens during conversions when a lot of ballast is put in and the draft of the boat increases. There are only four portholes on the starboard side. Three scuppers are located above the waterline (outlets of water drain pipes from the deck). Between the first and second scuppers there is a branch pipe for the cooling system of the auxiliary engine. The fenders running along the hull of the boat were made of both wood and metal. Apparently, initially factories made them from wood, and in the troops and shipping companies, during repairs at factories, they were replaced with steel ones. Moreover, various designs were installed - 100 mm pipes, bent - "U", "V" or "P" - shaped, as well as semicircular with a longitudinal rib (in section "E"). Figure 7-8 Fenders were attached to the bow and stern of the hull. Currently, they are generally not used. As fenders used, as in the rest of the world - car tires. Fig. 7 . Regular wooden beams. Plates and rings for fastening fenders, brackets for fastening a bar and a steel strip along the bar are visible. Fig. 7 a.Regular wooden beams. The fixed nose fender is visible. The superstructure on the upper deck is represented by the wheelhouse and the engine room canopy. Coaming runs along their bottom. The wheelhouse of the boat is removable. This allows the boat to be transported by rail. It is bolted to the coaming and the front of the mouthguard. The boats of projects 376 and 376u have wheelhouses of various designs. The cabin of the boats of the project 376 is made of smooth sheets. with welded ribs inside... And the boats of the project 376u are made of sheets with vertical stamping. The corners of the felling are rounded off with a radius of 100mm. It should be noted that sometimes there are boats with wheelhouses installed on the hull of the project 376 from the boat of the project 376u (see photo "Zuyka"). On the left side of the wheelhouse there are three doors and a rectangular window in the front of the wheelhouse. Of these, the front door was slightly higher. A welded footrest led to it from below. The middle door is sealed. She leads to the radio room. The door located closer to the stern (leads to the latrine) is splash-proof. These doors are equipped with portholes. On the starboard side there are two doors, a rectangular window in the front of the wheelhouse and two round windows. On some boats, the windows in the wheelhouse are made opening - they move down. By design, the doors were different from each other. On the boats of the project 376, they had loops of a different design than on the boats of the project 376u. There are four series of doors in total. The earliest models featured simple hinges and handles on each of the locks. On sealed doors, their number reached seven. In the future, a lever drive of the locks and one handle on the side of the door were used. More reliable hinges were also introduced. On the latest doors, the central locking system is a spring latch. Figure 9-10.
Fig. 1 0. Project 376U. On the left is a sealed door, the handle of the gate valves are cut off. On the right is a splash-proof door.	Rice. 10a.Project 376U.Hermetically sealed six-latching door of late series.	Rice. 10b.Project R376.Hermetic six-bolt door of the early series (50-53), the middle pair of handles are cut off.

A hook is attached to the rear wall of the wheelhouse. In the same place, on the boats of the project 376u, there was a brace-ladder leading to the navigating bridge (Fig. 11). On the boats of the project 376, instead of the ladder-ladder, a removable ladder was installed, fixed on bolts(fig. 1 2) ... The handrails of the ladders are also different: inclined (on the 376u project) or vertical (on the project 376).

Fig. 11. Back wallsuperstructure of Project 376U. The mast is lowered.	Fig. 12 . Cap and superstructure of the boat of project 376.

Cap on boats of all projects is not removable. It also differed somewhat among boats of different projects. The boats of project 376 the leaf at the top of the burl, and a removable sheet above the MO (intended for dismantling the main and auxiliary engines and mechanisms), made of a flat sheet with stiffening ribs from corners and strips welded to it, and in the 376y - from the profiledsheet without welded reinforcements(fig. 1-3) ... Some Project 376 boats have no portholes on the removable burl sheet.

Towing arcs were installed on the cap and in the aft part of the hull. They are designed to prevent damage that can be caused by the towing line during maneuvers. On boats that are not used as towing boats, the stern towing bow is not is installed. In this case, the arc located on the MO mouthpiece, as a rule, arcs are executed of several types. Cast, with a profile in the form of a channel, or tubular. In the aft part of the burl, in the diametrical plane, there is a swing hatch to the interior.(fig. 14).

Fig. 1 3. Cap and superstructure of the project 376U boat.	Fig. 1 4. Bsailing boat pr.376U.

Deck hatches leading to the interior of the boat, as well as doors,several types are used. Fig. 15-16 During production, the structures of hatches and doors, as well as other elements of the boat, were constantly improved in the direction of improving the design, improving the manufacturability of production and operational characteristics.

Fig. 1 5 ... hatches in forepeak and afterpeak