Late 80s and early 90s mass production boats of the project 14081 were mastered by the Perm shipyard "Kama".

In 1989, two serial boats of project 14081 were sent to the Pacific region for Kurile Islands... There, the boats confirmed the possibility of operating them in sea ​​areas with the state of the sea surface up to three points. The operation of these boats in sea conditions made it possible to identify them weak sides and to develop constructive and organizational measures to "freeze" the project.

The project 14081 boat was the last boat that the company designed and built specifically for border guards. This did not mean that the Redan Central Design Bureau had ended its relationship with the Federal Border Service. On the contrary, a significant part of the company's products were produced for the border guards, including repeated modifications in the 90s of the boats of the PM376 project for Sea of ​​Azov and 371U for the Black Sea. The modification of the boat of the PM376 project was to improve seaworthiness, since now he had to act not on the river, but on the Azov Sea with access to the Black Sea. In addition, changes were made to the equipment of the premises, based on the specifics of the new purpose of the boat. This project received the number 03765. The documentation was developed by JSC Redan, and the construction was carried out by the Sosnovsky shipyard, the plant that has been serially building boats and all modifications of Project 376 for several decades.

Re-modification of the project 371U boat consisted in replacing the main engine with an imported more powerful one. This boat was supposed to be used as a service and traveling special purpose for the Black Sea. This modification of the boat was carried out by JSC "Redan" on the basis of a boat built by the Rybinsk shipyard.

In those difficult years, when the collapse of the Soviet Union occurred, and the receipt of orders for the construction of boats actually ceased, the development of initiative projects was intensified to retain the design and production personnel.

Rigid-inflatable motorboats were one of such initiative projects. This boat was a hard bottom of a high deadweight light alloy with inflatable sides made of rubberized fabric and an outboard motor.

Wanting to attract a wide buyer, the boats were produced as rescue, tourist, landing, for survey parties, law enforcement agencies and other purposes. Their obvious advantages were transportability, great survivability,

Stability, relatively high carrying capacity with a low mass of the hull and the ability to safely moor in high waves to the side of any floating craft or quay wall. Border guards became one of the first customers for rigid-inflatable motorboats.

These motorboats were sold to all parts of Russia and turned out to be very mobile, reliable and unassuming craft. True, it must be said that during the confiscation of poaching fishing gear in the Caspian there were cases of damage by sharp hooks to the inflatable sides of motorboats. To this end, all-metal motorboats were made especially for the border guards of the Caspian Sea, where the rubberized fabric of the inflatable sides was replaced by a light alloy.

In the late 70s on the basis of harbor boat of the P1415 project (Flamingo), the development of its modification - the border patrol boat of the P1415 (14155) project "Kulik", began. The chief designer of the project was H. H. Trapeznikov. The boat "Kulik" differed from the basic design in that instead of a cargo hold, it had a service room (classroom) in the stern, on the roof of the wheelhouse a platform for night vision devices, and in the stern on the open deck a platform for installing a searchlight or weapons.

The construction of the boat was carried out at the pilot production of the Vostok branch of the Central Design Bureau, but the hull was built at the Sosnovsky shipyard and delivered to Leningrad for completion. In 1977, the boat was tested and was admitted to the naval units of the border troops. Serial construction was carried out by the Sosnovsky shipyard.

The boats of projects 18623 and 18627 were not built for border guards, but by chance they fell under the command of the naval units of the border troops.

In the early 90s, when the Redan Central Design Bureau still had a high scientific potential and successfully combined scientific and production technologies, an order was received from the State Fisheries Committee for the design and construction of boats for the fish protection service. These boats were intended for patrol duty on the Akhmur River and in the Azov-Black Sea basin.

The creation of these boats coincided with the organization of the High-Speed ​​Fleet financial and industrial group, which, along with other shipbuilding enterprises, included OJSC Redan and the manufacturer of marine diesel engines OJSC Zvezda, which predetermined the equipment of boats with engines.

Both boats were supplied with 1500 hp M470M diesel engines. with. produced by JSC "Zvezda".

The construction of the boat hull of project 18627 "Mustang" was carried out in St. Petersburg at JSC "Petrozavod", and the completion of this and the construction of two more boats - at the pilot production of JSC "Redan". This boat was intended for service on the Amur River.

The hull of the boat was made of light alloy, had a spacious wheelhouse, single and four-berth cabins, a bathroom and a galley. In the aft part there was a rigid-inflatable motorboat with an outboard motor for disembarking inspection teams.

The boat in patrol mode had increased autonomy, was distinguished by dynamic acceleration, excellent maneuverability, controllability and seaworthiness up to five points. The imported water jet propeller made it possible to operate the boat in shallow water with a depth of 0.8-1.0 m.

The boat of project 18623 "Mustang-2" was intended for the Azov-Black Sea basin and was built at the production of JSC "Redan". For the construction of the boat, the unfinished hull of a motor pleasure yacht of project 02090 made of light alloy was used. This 16 m long hull had to be lengthened to 20 m, this lengthening was not very constructive and raised the fear of hydromechanics in terms of breaking the acidity in the stern. The fears were in vain, and the boat did not lose its running and maneuverability due to these additions.

The boat had a spacious wheelhouse, two cabins for officers, a cockpit, a wardroom, a galley, a bathroom and a shower room, as well as an open bridge and a spacious deck, which housed a rigidly inflatable motorboat with an outboard motor for landing and inspection operations.

The boat could be armed with artillery and small arms, which was done on the second and third boats, which were already built according to the technical specifications of the border guards.

Two engines and two imported water-jet propellers gave the boat excellent dynamic qualities - high speed, minimal acceleration time and excellent maneuverability. The shape of the body and the good distribution of the load allow

Whether to develop high speed on rough seas up to three points and safe swimming up to five points.

After the boats were handed over to the customer and had not yet managed to leave the territory of JSC "Redan", an event occurred that changed the fate of the boats. And this event consisted in the fact that the functions of fish protection were transferred to the jurisdiction of the Federal Border Service, and the entire fleet performing these functions was transferred to the naval units of the border troops. The project 18623 boat was sent to Astrakhan along inland waterways, successfully crossed this route and became a border patrol boat in the Caspian Sea. The new owners were pleasantly impressed by its driving and maneuverability, and the lawbreakers, who called this boat the "Black Mustang", were unpleasantly amazed by this.

It is quite fair to call the creation of these boats the "swan song" of the collective, once known in the Soviet Union and abroad. They were the latest projects of high-speed patrol boats created within the walls of JSC "Redan" and incorporated all the best achievements in the long-term activity of the enterprise. The chief designer of these boats was A. B. Krugovenko.

At a time when the Council of Ministers and the Central Committee of the CPSU set the task of broad industrial development of the regions Of the Far East, Siberia and the Far North, a branch of the Central Design Bureau "Vostok" responded to this task by creating a new vehicle to ensure cargo and passenger traffic in these areas. By this vehicle there was a hovercraft that, along with helicopters, snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles, could effectively serve regions without roads. V national economy there were already similar boats, but due to the complexity and high price, they did not become widespread.

The design of this boat was carried out by the specialists of the Central Design Bureau "Vostok" and its branch, and the construction of an experimental full-scale model of the boat was carried out by the production of the branch of the Central Design Bureau "Vostok". This boat was named "Klest". The chief designer was V.D. Rubtsov.

In order to make this boat cheap and widely available, the designer used the most common non-scarce materials for its construction. The body was made of an aluminum-magnesium alloy using resistance welding and a minimum amount of riveting. The shape of the body has been simplified and made from flat sections.

In terms of completing the boat, there was a complete rejection of the use of aviation equipment, a variable pitch propeller, hydraulic control systems, and everything that increased the cost of construction, complicated repairs and reduced the reliability of the product. All this was the reason limiting the widespread use of amphibious hovercraft in the national economy.

On the same boat, a 75 hp automobile carburetor engine was adopted as the main engine. with. To transmit power, a simple and reliable transmission was used, consisting of pulleys and V-ribbed belts, which simultaneously reduce the rotational speed of the axial blower and two axial fans-propellers.

The composition of the equipment installed on the boat was the minimum necessary only to ensure that the boat works as intended.

An experimental full-scale model was built and tested at the Vostok branch of the Central Design Bureau. In the process of its creation, the main design solutions and tactical and technical elements were worked out. In 1982, a technical working project was developed for the Klest-2 amphibious hovercraft, which could provide medical assistance and transport people, small-sized urgent cargo and mail through shallow, non-navigable waters and wetlands, as well as over land, ice and snow. But it did not come to serial construction for reasons that were more than enough in the era of developed socialism. And the experienced amphibious boat "Klest" got into this chapter because after the completion of all the work, they began to decide its fate and, as a result, gave it to the border guards, where he served his due term.

In conclusion, we can recall the border boats mentioned above. This is an onboard work boat of project 14022 and a service and crew boat of project 18602P. The onboard boat of project 14022 was intended to deliver fuel to

The border outposts, located on the hard-to-reach shore, not equipped with berths, were a modification of the large ship's work boat of project 1402B, and the service and crew boat of project 18602P was a modification of the rescue and crew boat of project 18602 of the Burevestnik complex.

Kama shipyard.

Date: 14 February 2017

Kama shipyard.

The plant was founded in 1931 as the Perm shipyard. In 1932 - released the first vessel, the 150-horsepower tugboat "Permskiy Pervenets", was handed over to the Kama Shipping Company.

The plant was founded in 1931 as the Perm shipyard. In 1932 - released the first vessel, the 150-horsepower tugboat "Permskiy Pervenets", was handed over to the Kama Shipping Company. Eight tugboats delivered in 1937 for the Moscow-Volga canal, 12 - in 1939 - for the Pechora basin. In total, 135 tugboats were built in the pre-war years.
During the Great Patriotic War, the shipyard built armored boats, one of which, a participant in the battles on the Volga, Dnieper and other rivers, was installed on a pedestal near the plant. During the war, the founder of the use of electric welding in shipbuilding, Professor V.P. Vologdin (1883-1950), a native of the village. Kuva, now the Kudymkarsky district of the Perm region.
In the post-war years, the shipyard completed their production with the production of several series of powerful tugboats, and in 1966 switched to the predominant manufacture of automated lake pusher tugs "OTA" - with a diesel engine with a capacity of 800 liters. with. These vessels transport caravans of barges with a carrying capacity of up to 6 thousand tons along many rivers of the country. In 1986 the shipyard completed sea trials of the lead vessel of 1400-strong towing motor ships intended for northern rivers and coastal waters of the polar seas. In 1967 the shipyard gave the first domestic oil carrier, in 1971 - the first sea oil carrier in the country. In them, as it were, an ore carrier and a tanker are connected: in the middle part of the hull there is a hold for ore for 1.8 thousand tons, and on the sides and bottom there are tanks for oil products for 2.7 thousand tons. These ships carry a lot of cargo in the Baltic, Black, Middle Earth and other seas. For Lake Khubsugul in Mongolia, the shipyard built a tugboat, motor ships: for 400 forces in 1956 and for 800 forces in 1984.
The shipyard was awarded the order Patriotic War I degree (1985). A residential neighborhood with a developed social infrastructure has grown at the plant.

S.F. Nikolaev. Encyclopedia "Perm Territory".

Perm shipyard "Kama"- a shipyard in the city of Perm.

After the war, several series of powerful tugboats were built at the plant. Their release was completed by 1965. Since 1966, the plant began to manufacture automated lake pusher tugs "OTA" with a diesel unit with a capacity of 800 liters. with.

Automated lake pusher tugs transport caravans of barges with a carrying capacity of up to 6 thousand tons along the country's rivers. In 1986, the shipyard completed sea trials of the lead vessel of 1400-strong tug boats designed for northern rivers and coastal waters of the polar seas.

In 1967, a domestic oil carrier was built at the refinery, in 1971 - the country's first offshore oil carrier. In the offshore oil carrier, an ore carrier and a tanker were connected together: in the middle part of the ship's hull there is a hold for ore for 1.8 thousand tons, and on the sides and bottom there are tanks for oil products for 2.7 thousand tons. , Black, Mediterranean and other seas.

For work on Lake Khubsugul in Mongolia in 1956 and 1984, the shipyard built a tug and motor ships. In 2000, the shipyard built three vessels for a Dutch customer.

The plant supported social infrastructure, built housing for its employees.

Produced by the Gorodetsky shipyard. "Kama" costs twice as much, although it has the same dimensions. Naturally, the question arises, due to what?

First of all, the hull of the boat is covered with fiberglass, which significantly lengthens the service life of the boat, and, which is no less important in our "busy age", reduces the time for annual preventive maintenance. The whole structure is more rigid and durable, especially in the stern, which is important when installing heavy engines with a capacity of 20-25 liters. with. The boat is equipped with a remote motor control. This, in addition to ease of control, provides the necessary operational safety, there are known cases when the tiller of the "Whirlwind" threw a gape driver overboard.

So, fiberglass, remote control, windshield are 200-220 rubles. in addition to the cost of the MK-29 boat hull. To us, this figure is still too high. 7 kg of plastic used for pasting the boat does not cost more than 20 rubles, the price of a remote control for the "Whirlwind" produced with the boat "Progress" is 47 rubles, glass costs about 10 rubles. Obviously, the rest should be looked for in insufficiently developed production technology and extremely low serial production.

Along the way, we note that it is high time to establish a centralized release of remote control for various motors at special enterprises, without loading boat manufacturers with this. It is clear that when the plant annually produces, say, several thousand such devices for the Vortex, they will cost much less than 500 sets made together with the boat.

The positive qualities of the "Kama" include simple and rather effective contours of the bottom with a chine parallel to the OB in the aft part. This reduces the drag of the boat compared to the sometimes oblique-chine boats that operate at an increased angle of attack.

The location of the control room of the boat in the aft part of the cockpit seems to be controversial. When the boat is partially loaded, the stern alignment is obtained, which reduces the speed and stability of the plane. By the way, obtained during the tests of "Kama" p. the serial "Whirlwind" speed of 53 km / h with two people is questionable.

Perm Shipyard has begun serial production of the Kama recreational gliding motorboat. The boat was designed for 20-horsepower outboard motors "Whirlwind" of the Perm Engine-Building Plant named after V.I. Ya.M. Sverdlov. In the summer of 1967, two prototypes of the boat were built and tested on Kama, but the tests did not give the expected results. The hull turned out to be weighted, and with four passengers the boats did not go well into the planing mode. It was encouraging that the motors were of an experimental batch and had a capacity of no more than 17-18 liters. with. Motor builders promised to supply 20-22 hp motors by the beginning of 1968. with.

When adjusting the project, the weight of the boat was reduced from 162 to 128 kg by reducing the thickness of the skin, making it easier to set and seats. The body weight was 90 kg. Centering has been improved by shifting towards the nose of the front seat. The boat was equipped with oars, foam blocks in the stern to ensure unsinkability, attachments for towing a skier, etc. Both prefabricated seats were removable so that passengers could spend the night in the boat, and a luggage compartment was located in the bow.

When testing the lead boat with a 20-strong "Whirlwind" speed with two people on board was 53 km / h, with three - 44.5 km / h and with four - 37.5 km / h.

Motorboat basic data

The body is made of 4 mm water-resistant plywood and is covered with one layer of fiberglass on an epoxy compound or epoxy resin. The sheathing is attached to the frames with screws.

The motorboat is equipped with a remote control, windshield, slides, bow eyelet with a 2.2 m chain, sublocks, spring brackets for fastening oars and stern handles.

The hull is divided into two cockpits. The remote control is located in the aft cockpit.

The first serial motor boats "Kama" were transferred to trade organizations for sale to the public, but the plant continues to work on increasing the speed of the boats and improving architectural design housing. In order to reduce the consumption of engine power for beautiful, but useless "mustaches" on the bottom, longitudinal steps were installed.

Tests of the boat with redans have shown that at high speeds in the planing mode, the speed of the motorboat increases due to the redans by another 5-6 km / h. By the end of this year, the plant intends to create a marine version of the "Kama".

In 1968, only 500 boats were produced, but taking into account the numerous requests from the population, enterprises and trade organizations, it is planned to build a special workshop in the next two years, which will make it possible to produce 3-5 thousand motorboats per year.

"Kama" is designed for outboard motors up to 25 hp. with., which in the coming years will go to stores. The cost of a motorboat without a motor is 437 rubles. Additionally, you can buy a cockpit cover (23 rubles).