Slide 2
Slide 3
The building of the first fire department of the city of Tsaritsyn is an architectural monument of Tsaritsyn of the 19th century of regional significance. Located in the Central district of the city of Volgograd at the address: st. Kommunisticheskaya, 5. On the facade, a unique coat of arms has been preserved, which is a compilation of the coats of arms of the Saratov province and Tsaritsyn. Currently, the building is not used for its intended purpose. It houses: Volgogradavtodor OGUP Volgograd Representative Office of the Office of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President Russian Federation in the Southern Federal District in the Volgograd Region. Highway Administration Administration Volgograd region
Slide 4
Volgograd I - railroad station Volgograd branch of Privolzhskaya railroad, the central station of Volgograd. Located on the territory Central region at the address: Pryvokzalnaya Square, 1. Serves as commuter trains and long-distance trains. The station is a junction of five directions: to Krasnodar, Rostov-on-Don, Moscow, Saratov and Astrakhan Platform at Tsaritsyn station Railway station at Volgograd-I station
Slide 5
Gateway No. 1 Movement along the Volga-Don shipping channel starts from the Sarepta backwater of the Volga, well protected from currents and ice drift along the river valley. Sarpi, along the foot of Ergeni. The authors of the architectural treatment of the canal structures: LM Polyakov - head; Biryukov S.M., Boris G.G., Demidov S.V., Kovalev A.Ya., Musatov V.V., Pankov M.V., Rochegov A.G., Topunov F.G., Yakubov R . A.; sculptor Motovilov G.I .; engineers: Zhuk S. Ya., Marsov V.A., Oskolkov A.G., Shakhov N.V.
Slide 6
View of the Planetarium building from Mira Street Volgograd Planetarium is the only planetarium in the Lower Volga region. Opened September 19, 1954. Located on st. Peace of the city of Volgograd. The authors of the project are People's Architect of the USSR V. N. Simbirtsev and architect N. A. Khomutova. The building is crowned with the sculptural group "Mir" by V. I. Mukhina, which is her last work.
Slide 7
The buildings of the museum at the address: Lenin Ave., 5a and 7 are monuments of history and architecture late XIX- the beginning of the XX centuries, built in the eclectic style with modern elements. Restored after the Battle of Stalingrad The building of the Noble Assembly of the city of Tsaritsyn, now - the Volgograd Museum of Local Lore. Located at the intersection of Lenin Street and Lenin Avenue
Slide 8
The building of the hotel "Capital rooms" (now the hotel "Volgograd"). The hotel was founded in 1890 by the merchant Vasily Voronin. This was the first establishment of such a high class in Tsaritsyno. The initially three-story building became the center of the city's business activities. No other establishment in Tsaritsyn could match the "Rooms" in terms of luxury and comfort. In the 1930s, a fourth floor was added to the hotel, and after the Battle of Stalingrad, it was restored in 1955 in a five-story form, trying to preserve the maximum number of details of the pre-revolutionary style.
Slide 9
The only historical and architectural complex of the 18th - 20th centuries that has survived in Russia, associated with the creation of a colony of the Moravian brothers-Gernuthers. The layout of the colony and its implementation in construction is an attempt to create Eden on earth - the "city of heaven".
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Among the buildings there are those who are called
monuments of architecture.
We will talk about the architectural monuments of our city and
we will feel pride in our ancestors.
St. Basil's Cathedral (Pokrovsky Cathedral)
1555 1561 Ivan the Terrible .
As if he came from a fairy tale. Small buildings with domes like a round dance
lead around the largest, central building.
A variety of forms, rhythms, festive sound of colors, whimsical patterns.
The temple is complex in shape, like an outlandish palace with fabulously decorated onion domes.
Pashkov's house
1784 1786 Captain-Lieutenant Peter Pashkov.
Russian State Library
building of Moscow State University (MSU)
The central building of the university complex.
Built in 1949-1953 Height with a spire - 240 m, number of storeys - 34.
It looks proud, dignified, solemn,
as if reigning over everyone.
How swiftly its spire shot up into the sky!
the Moscow Kremlin
the fortress of Moscow the residence of the president of the Russian Federation Troitskaya
Triumphal Arch
1829 1834 Patriotic War 1812 Kutuzovsky Prospect, Victory Square Poklonnaya mountain
The Bolshoi Theatre
Russian opera ballet Moscow Theater Square 1776
Monuments and Architecture Aisha Bibi Mausoleum
An architectural monument: 11-12 centuries, located in the village of Aisha bibi, Zhambyl region, Zhambyl region, 18 km from the city of Taraz.
It is an architectural monument of republican significance.
Aisha Bibi was the lover of Karakhan, who built a mausoleum in her memory.
The base of the mausoleum is cubic. Massive columns are placed at its four corners.
Small niches, small columns, vaults, pointed arches, terracotta facing tiles were used in the design.
Mausoleum of Karakhan
An architectural monument: 9th century, located in the central part of the city of Taraz at the intersection of Tole bi and Bayzak batyr streets.
The mausoleum is included in the cult-memorial complex, since 1982 it has been included in the list of monuments of republican significance.
Folk legends associate the construction of the mausoleum with a man who was the khan of the Karakhanid dynasty, which ruled in the 10-12 centuries.
It is a square, portal-domed structure. Consists of a central hall and three small corner rooms, the fourth corner of the mausoleum is occupied by a staircase leading to the roof of the building.
In 1906 it was rebuilt, the structural principle was preserved, but the original architectural and decorative decoration was lost. Inside the mausoleum, a stepped tombstone has been preserved.
Mausoleum of Zhoshy Khan
An architectural monument: 13th century, located in the Ulytau district of the Karaganda region, 40 km from Zhezkazgan on the bank of the river. Kengir.
Since 1892 the monument has been under state protection
According to legend, the eldest son of Genghis Khan, Zhoshy Khan, is buried in the mausoleum.
Has a portal-domed structure. The dome has not survived; earlier it rested on a star 17-sided drum of a very rare shape and was faced with tiles and turquoise glazing. The inner shell of the dome, overlapping the square chamber, rests on arched sails. There is a tombstone in the back of the cell. The floor of the mausoleum is paved with bricks. The interior is illuminated by two arched openings located in the side chambers.
Mausoleum of Kozha of Ahmet Yassawi
An architectural monument: 14th century, located in the south of Kazakhstan in the city of Turkestan.
The mausoleum is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
The building was erected in honor of the famous ancient Turkic poet and preacher of Sufism Kozha Akhmet Yassaui, who lived in the 12th century.
Is an architectural complex, which combines the functions of the mausoleum, mosque, khanaka, administrative and economic premises. Outwardly symmetrical, compact plan includes up to 35 rooms connected by walkways, stairs and corridors. ... Precise selection of the design scheme, high quality material and construction work provided the building with strength and stability for centuries.
Mausoleum of Alash Khan
An architectural monument: 11-12 centuries, located in the Ulytau district of the Karaganda region, 2 km south-west of the village of Malshybai on the right bank of the river. Karakengir.
Since 1892 it has been included in the list of monuments of history and culture and is under state protection.
The tomb was erected by craftsmen in honor of Alash Khan, whose name is associated with the emergence of three Kazakh zhuzes .
Has the shape of a rectangle. The building was built of bricks, only wood was used to decorate the window openings and doors. In the center of the main façade there is a double-leaf door, behind which there is a deep double-arched niche.
Your Motherland!
She is one, there is no other. This is where you live, your parents.
Homeland is also the environment: nature, buildings, fences, playgrounds, shop windows ...
The city you live in.
Let's take a look at our city now:
The city of Biysk was founded by the decree of Peter 1 on June 18, 1709. Next year we will celebrate
300th anniversary of our city.
Have you noticed that along with modern beautiful buildings in our city there are many old, no less beautiful buildings. These buildings were left to us by the people who lived here before.
Among the buildings there are those that are called architectural monuments.
And the topic of our today's lesson:
"Monuments of architecture - heritage of ancestors"
we will get to know you with the architectural monuments on the example of our city of Biysk, try to work in the application technique, and perform creative collective work: "The street of my city"
Architectural monuments are not just buildings, they are keepers of memory.
Architectural monuments can “tell” about their time, about those who built and decorated the city.
They carry a living memory - every temple, old house, street, hut.
There are 272 architectural monuments in Biysk.
Monuments of federal significance:
- Biysk Drama Theater, formerly the People's House.
- Assumption Cathedral.
- Firsov's Passage.
- Museum of Local Lore, st. Lenin 134;
- In the past, the estate of the merchant Asanov
- St. Sovetskaya 21a, formerly the Trading House of the merchant Rozhdestvensky.
- St. Tolstoy 144, Passage of the Second.
- St. Gorno-Altayskaya, City Palace of Culture
- St. Krasnoarmeyskaya 85, Alexander Cathedral (Electric furnace)
- St. Krasnooktyabrskaya 200, Zarechnoye fire station.
- Biysk tobacco factory
- St. Mukhachev, Temple of Demetrius of Rostov.
Slide 13-14
Local architectural monuments:
What beautiful buildings adorn our city!
- Select the captain of the group.
- Compare the photo with the suggested template.
- Think about what the template is missing.
- Decorate the building using the applique technique based on the photograph.
- The group captains make up the general composition.
Guys, did you like the architectural monuments of our city?
And now you know that monuments must be protected and protected so that our city remains as beautiful, so that future generations can admire the beauty of these buildings.
And now let's also try to take part in decorating our city, and do creative work, which will be called "The Street of My City"
(The class is divided into 5 groups, the captain is chosen in the groups.
Each group, based on a photograph, is invited to perform an application of the architectural monument of the city of Biysk.)
Guys, look, you have photographs on your tables
Now find the color template. Each group has its own template and its own photo.
Let's compare the photo and the template. They are alike?
What's missing on the template?
Let's decorate our template using colored paper and fill in the missing details.
Today we are working with scissors. Let's remember how to properly hold and pass the scissors?
Practical work:
At the end of the lesson, the group captains collect the work in a common panel, the background is being finalized. The result is a fragment of a city street.
The panel is hung on the wall, a song about Biysk is played.
Grades are given.
LESSON 11
Ancestral heritage - architectural monuments
Tasks:
· educational - to foster in students the ability of emotional responsiveness to the beautiful in life, a respectful attitude towards products created by human hands;
· artistic and creative - to form an idea of architecture as a special form of fine art, to show the role of architecture in human life;
· educational - to develop skills in working with various materials; develop associative-figurative thinking, creative imagination.
During the classes
1. Updating knowledge
It's so good that we are all here together today. We are calm and kind, friendly and affectionate. We are all healthy. Take a deep breath and exhale. Exhale yesterday's resentment, anger, anxiety. Forget about them. Inspire yourself with the freshness and beauty of white snow, clear sky, warmth of the sun's rays. I wish you a good mood and respect for each other.
Today we have an unusual lesson. Unusual because ... However, you will find out everything yourself.
2. Statement of the educational problem
a) You already know what artists do to keep us warm, comfortable and cozy at home. And today we go out into the street. What do you think for what? / children's versions /.
b) Try to guess what we will talk about in today's lesson by listening to an excerpt from V.V. Mayakovsky "Who to be" / student reads /
I would go to build a house -
let me be taught.
I will draw first
the house is what I want.
The most important thing,
to be drawn
nice building,
alive as if.
This will be the first -
called the facade.
This
everyone will make out:
this is a bath,
it is a garden.
The plan is ready
and around
one hundred works
for a thousand hands ...
Good house,
big house
on all four sides,
comfortable and spacious.
and the guys will heal in it
So who guessed what we were going to talk about in the lesson? / versions of children /
Or, more precisely, about architecture. After all, construction and architecture are inseparably linked.
3. Announcement of the topic of the lesson
So, the topic of the 2nd quarter is Art on the streets of your village (city).
Lesson topic: Legacy of ancestors - architectural monuments. / Write in a notebook /.
4. Introductory conversation
Architecture surrounds a person everywhere and throughout his life: it is a dwelling, a place of work, and a place of rest. This is the environment in which a person exists, an environment created by the person himself. Architect. Architecture. We often hear these words. Where did they come from?
What do you think the word architecture means? / children's versions /.
Let's turn to the page of S. Ozhegov's dictionary and find the meaning of this word. / Children are looking for an answer /.
What is the name of a person who is engaged in architecture? /architect/. Listen to a poem about an architect / a student reads, 2 "Architect" slide appears /
ARCHITECT.
An architect builds a house
The house is multi-storey,
Builds a house with a pencil
On a piece of paper.
I need to draw everything
Ladders and doors.
Calculate, check
So that he stood for many years
To have light in the apartment
Baths, washbasins
For both large and small.
(G. Lyushnin)
Architecture is the art of building.
So let's summarize our answers. In ancient Greek, the word "archi" meant "senior", "tekt" - "builder". From these words, the word "architecton" appeared - the head of construction work. The ancients converted him into an "architect".
3 slide:
"Archi" (senior) + "tekt" (builder) = "architecton" = "architect"
The buildings erected according to the architect's plans came to be called architecture.
V Ancient Rus architects were called architects, architecture - architecture
4 slide:
architecture (architecture) is the art of building,
architect (architect) - chief builder / write in a notebook /
But there is a difference between building and architecture. What do you think? / children's versions /. The role of construction is to build structures. Builders only follow the instructions of the architect. Architecture, in addition to being useful to a person, satisfies the needs, requirements of a person, should also be beautiful. The architect is obliged to take into account everything so that it is convenient for people to use the building, even the forces of nature. If earthquakes occur where the building will stand, the architect should position it so that the adjacent collapsed building does not damage it.
Do you think we need architecture? / children's versions /.
Architecture and building art have come to us from afar. Where did primitive man live? / 5 slide: in a cave /. This is a building made by nature itself.
When the climate began to change, it became cold, people began to build artificial dwelling structures from bones, skulls, mammoth skins. / 6 slide: dwelling made of mammoth bones /
Megaliths, huge stones of various heights, reach high development. / 7 slide: megaliths / They were used for religious and cult ceremonies and rituals. Some were used for astronomical observations, designated the burial site.
All this was created by our ancestors. We need to preserve these historical architectural buildings in order to know how people used to live, to know the culture of the people. This memory is essential to build the future.
Let's mentally take a look at our village, city, country. What do you think can be attributed to architecture? / children's versions /
Your answers can be categorized as follows:
/ 8 slide: types of architecture /
Architecture
housing construction - houses
public buildings - temple, theater, stadium
industrial construction - factories, factories, shops, station
decorative architecture - gazebos, fountains, bridges
Now we will take a tour around the world and find out what sights, architectural monuments exist in different countries.
/ slides 9-29 /
/ masterpieces of instrumental music sound in the background /
10. Egyptian pyramids... Stern, stern, like guards, they stand along the Nile River. Architects in Ancient egypt occupied a special place, their work was considered a sacred act.
11. Greek Parthenon- the main temple of the Acropolis. Inside it was a 12-meter statue of Athena. Temples in Greece are the dwellings of the gods. People hardly went inside the temple. All religious rites were performed in front of the temple. Therefore, very great importance was attached to the external appearance.
12 ... Majestic, with many openwork decorations towers Notre Dame Cathedral in France.
13. Cologne Cathedral... Whom does he remind you of? / graceful, slender girl /. Indeed, such temples are characterized by lancet, striving upward.
14. Taj Mahal was built as a mausoleum, a tomb. Now it is an open-air museum.
15. Japanese templesotherwise called the pagoda. What does it remind you of (a graceful light tower)? This is the culture of Japan. Thanks to such monuments, we learn the history, culture, customs of the people.
16. Sydney Opera theatre refers to modern architecture.
17. Familiar to you from the lessons of English language Big Ben.
18. America famous for its high-rise buildings, skyscrapers.
19. And Paris is famous Eiffel tower, which is so called because it was created by the famous architect Eiffel.
20 ... What can you say about the churches of Russia? / they look like heroes /. The Cathedral of Christ the Savior, located in Moscow, was built with money collected by the people in memory of those killed in the Patriotic War by the French in 1812.
21. When we say Russia, we represent Moscow. When we say Moscow, we represent the Kremlin, which was built by foreigners, but in the Russian spirit.
22. St. Basil's Cathedralresembles a teremok. Many colors of domes, like his a large number of symbolize the multinationality of our state.
23. Kizhi. They say that this temple was built without a single nail. The architect who built it, after the end of the work, threw the ax into the lake: so that no one could repeat such beauty again.
24 -25. Unusual beauty of famous architects - Gaudí and Corbusier.
24. Antony Gaudíis a Spanish (Catalan) architect, most of whose whimsical work was erected in Barcelona.
25. Le Corbusier - French architect of Swiss origin, pioneer of modernism, representative of international style architecture, artist and designer.
26. Parks. In the last century, many architects were of the opinion that in the future, every house will be surrounded by a garden. But modern man cannot afford it. Therefore, green corners began to be created in city - parks, gardens - favorite place recreation of people.
27 ... What architectural monument in Vladimir? (Golden Gate)
Where do you think the architect gets his ideas from? / from nature /
In nature, of course! You will see how perfect the creations of nature. Here is the eggshell. How wisely it is arranged! An avian embryo develops in it. Does the fetus need to breathe? And the shell is breathable. In addition, it regulates the temperature so that the embryo is pleasant to grow up. When the birthday comes, the chick can easily get out into the white light, because the shell is very thin. But before the chick has a beak, he cannot break the shell - it consists of seven layers!
Take another look at the Sydney Opera House. / 28 slide "Sydney Opera House" / What does it look like? Why did the architect come up with it this way? / sail, because there is a pond nearby /
And what a clever nature has created a fir tree! The tree reaches a height of 20 meters. And yet it is stable. This is facilitated by the special arrangement of the branches. Architects have learned a lot from nature. The architect (his name has not survived to this day) used the idea to create the Church of the Ascension in the village of Kolomenskoye. / Slide 29 “Temple in the village. Kolomenskoye "+ rice. ate /
In architecture, as in a mirror, the history of the people is reflected, the achievements of culture and art are embodied. Perhaps only architecture is directly related to man, because we come into contact with it every minute.
Our dwellings, theaters, libraries, shops are also architectural monuments. Maybe they don't represent artistic value, but always interesting from the point of view of the history and culture of the people.
Once again I want to remind you of the need to preserve these historical architectural monuments, not to desecrate them, not to destroy, not to spoil them. Only by knowing the past can we build the future.
4. Physical minutes
5. Practical part
6. Reflexive activity
What did you find most interesting in today's lesson? Maybe you learned something that you didn’t know before?
What did we get as a result? What can you say about your work?
What gave you joy, pleasure in the lesson?
Or maybe something upset you?
What is your mood after today's lesson?
So what did you find unusual in today's lesson?
7. Generalization, lesson summary, exhibition of works, homework
Architecture is often called "stone symphony", "music in stone", "frozen music". The architecture sounds majestic and solemn, celebrating craftsmanship and intelligence. Love hometown, your village is a unique architectural ensemble.
Love architecture, if only for the fact that it did not close, like other arts, behind the thick walls of museums and libraries. She alone sounds imperious, singing with her stone tongue the talent of a person, his achievements, impulses.
Facades of old buildings.
Someday the device will be invented:
By directing a beam at any building -
To the mansion, to the fortress, to the cathedral, -
We will see the past before us.
We paint on the wall, layer by layer
Let's start flipping so we can open
Sprinkled with ash and ash
Empire forgotten pages.
We are unknown face masons
We will see among the scaffolding -
And let's not forget to bow to the belt.
Hiding everything that was reflected in her,
Stands like an unplugged TV.
The wall is a mute plane of stones
And not answering anyone's call,
V. Shefner
8. Homework - find in books, textbooks, encyclopedias beautiful, images of unusual architectural structures and bring them to the next lesson.
Thank you all for your work!
