An example of a project of a developed excursion route. Drawing up a methodological development. Drawing up an individual text

A photograph of the object is attached to the card, reproducing its current and previous views. Other information may be included in the card for architectural, natural, archaeological objects. For example, the card for an architectural monument includes information about the presence of sculptures, murals in the decoration of the monument. Availability of cards for all excursion objects located on the territory of this region, accelerates the development of new excursion themes, allows diversifying the use of monuments in excursions on different topics, makes their display more active.

Stage 6: Drawing up the route of the excursion

The route of the excursion is the most convenient route for the excursion group, contributing to the disclosure of the topic. It is built depending on the most correct sequence for a given excursion to inspect objects, the availability of sites for the location of the group, the need to ensure the safety of tourists. One of the objectives of the route is to contribute to the fullest disclosure of the topic.

The main requirements that must be taken into account by the planners of the route are the organization of the display of objects in a logical sequence and the provision of a visual basis for the disclosure of the topic.

In the practice of excursion institutions, there are three options for building routes:

Chronological. An example of a chronological route is excursions dedicated to the life and work of prominent people.

Thematic. According to the thematic principle of organizing the excursion, it is possible to note excursions related to the disclosure of a certain topic in the life of the city.

Thematic and chronological. All city sightseeing excursions are structured according to the thematic and chronological principle.

Route development is a complex multistage procedure that requires a fairly high qualification and is one of the main elements of the technology for creating a new excursion. The route is built according to the principle of the most correct sequence of inspection of objects and is planned taking into account the following requirements:

Displaying objects should be carried out in a certain logical sequence, avoiding unnecessary repeated passes along the same section of the route

Availability of the facility

Moving or transitioning between objects should not take 10-15 minutes, so that there are no too long pauses in the show and story

Availability of comfortable stops, including sanitary ones, and parking spaces for vehicles.

It is recommended to have several options for group movement at the time of the excursion. The need to change the route in some cases is caused by traffic jams, repair work on city highways. All this should be taken into account when creating various route options.

Development of bus route comes to the end with the coordination and approval of the passport and route scheme, calculation of the mileage and time of using vehicles.

Stage 7: Detour (detour) of the route

Bypassing the route is one of the important stages in the development of a new excursion theme. When organizing a detour of the route, the following tasks are set:

1. get acquainted with the layout of the route, streets, squares along which the route is laid
2. specify the place where the object is located, as well as the place of the expected stop of the excursion bus or pedestrian group
3. master the bus access to objects or parking lots
4. timing the time required to show objects, their verbal characteristics and the movement of the bus, as well as clarify the duration of the excursion in general
5. check the expediency of using the intended display objects
6. choose the best points for showing objects and options for the location of the excursion group
7. choose a method of acquaintance with the object

Stage 8: Preparation of the control text of the excursion

The text is the material necessary for the full disclosure of all the sub-topics included in the excursion. The text is intended to provide a thematic focus of the guide's story, it formulates a certain point of view on the facts and events to which the excursion is devoted, and gives an objective assessment of the objects shown.

Requirements for the text: brevity, clarity of wording, the required amount of factual material, availability of information on the topic, full disclosure of the topic, literary language.

The text of the excursion is compiled by a creative group when developing a new topic and performs control functions. This means that each guide must build his story, taking into account the requirements of this text.

The control text in most cases contains a chronological presentation of the material. This text does not reflect the structure of the excursion and is not built in a route sequence with the distribution of the material presented at the stops where the analysis of excursion objects takes place. The control text is carefully selected and source-verified material.

Based on the test text, options for excursions on the same topic can be created, including for children and adults, for the development of groups of workers.

In order to facilitate the work on creating such options, the control text may include materials related to objects, sub-topics and main issues that were not included in the route of this excursion.

The development of the route ends with drawing up a diagram of the route of the excursion with the names of all the streets and squares along which the group should follow, with the objects of display and places of excursion from the bus marked on it, with instructions on which sections are considered this or that subtopic of the excursion. The diagram may also indicate the speed of the bus: “slow” (about 30 km / h), “medium” (40-45 km / h), “fast” (about 60 km / h). An indication of the speed of the bus is especially important when new guides are mastering the excursion.

The final developed route scheme must be agreed with the relevant department of the traffic police. After that, it is drawn on an A4 sheet, approved by the transport inspection body and reproduced for all tour guides conducting this excursion, bus drivers and traffic police officers.

Stage 9: Completing the "Guide's Portfolio"

A “guide's portfolio” is a set of visual aids for an excursion, which should complement and restore the missing links in the visual range. This is especially important in cases where the display objects have come down to us in a modified form or have not been preserved at all. Then photographs, drawings, drawings will help restore the original appearance of the object.

The "guide's portfolio" includes: photographs of people related to the topic of the excursion, reproductions of paintings, geographical maps, cartographic schemes, which depict, for example, military events, samples of industrial products, herbarium sheets, geological samples, tape recordings and other illustrative material that helps to saturate the excursion with visual images.

An important task of visual aids on excursions is to give a visual representation of the object (plants, minerals, models, dummies).

The following are accepted as criteria for the selection of visual aids:

1. the need and feasibility of their use
2. cognitive value, that is, how much the proposed manual can enrich the excursion, make the show and story more visual and understandable
3. uncommonness
4. expressiveness
5. safety

The visual aids of the “tour guide portfolio” should be user-friendly. Their number should not be large, since in this case the manuals will distract excursionists from examining the original objects, scatter their attention.

Photos, cartographic schemes, reproductions must have a cardboard base and dimensions not less than 18 * 24 cm, differ in clarity and legibility of the image. Visual aids intended to be shown on the bus must be enlarged up to 24 * 30 cm so that they can be seen from the back rows of the bus. The list of visual aids for a particular excursion does not remain unchanged; in the course of the life of the excursion, it is improved and supplemented.

Stage 10: Determination of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion

The work of the creative team at this stage consists of several parts:

Selection of the most effective methodological techniques for highlighting sub-topics, methodological techniques that are recommended depending on the excursion audience; the time of the excursion (winter, summer, autumn, spring), the peculiarities of the show;

Determination of methods of preserving the attention of tourists and activating the process of perception of excursion material

Selection of the rules of the excursion technique

Stage 11: Determination of the excursion technique

The excursion technique unites all organizational issues of the excursion process. At this stage, it is important to formulate recommendations: on the use of breaks in the excursion; on the observance of the time allotted for the coverage of subtopics; organizing answers to questions from tourists; on the technique of using the exhibits "portfolio" and more. No less important are the instructions about the place of the guide when showing objects, guiding the independent work of sightseers on the route, conducting a story when the bus is moving.

Stage 12: Drawing up a methodological development

Methodological development - a document that defines how to conduct a given excursion, how best to organize the display of monuments, what methodology and technique of conducting should be applied to make the excursion effective. The methodological development sets out the requirements of the excursion methodology, taking into account the features of the objects on display and the content of the material presented. She disciplines the tour guide and must meet the following requirements: tell the guide the way to reveal the topic, equip him with the most effective methodological methods of showing and telling, contain clear recommendations on organizing the excursion, take into account the interests of a certain group of tourists, combine the story and the show into a single whole.

The methodological development is formalized as follows:

The title page contains data: the name of the excursion institution, the name of the topic of the excursion, the type of excursion, the length of the route, the duration in academic hours, the composition of the excursionists, the names and positions of the compilers, the date of the approval of the excursion by the head of the excursion institution.

The next page sets out the purpose and objectives of the excursion, a route diagram showing objects and stops during the excursion.

Methodical development consists of three sections: introduction, main part and conclusion.

Technological map of the excursion

The technological map of the excursion is a final document that is drawn up at the end of the creative process for creating an excursion, before its last stage - the delivery of the selection committee during a test excursion. It indicates the topic, goal, objectives, the best route option, its length and duration, objects of display, places of stops, subtopics, organizational and methodological instructions, methodological methods of display and story, which the guide should use in his story. The technological map shows how it is more effective, at specific sites, to convey the content of the excursion to excursionists. Its purpose is to show the guide the right way to achieve a positive result during the excursion.

In addition, the excursion card of the excursion is the main document that is required for the certification of a tourist and excursion organization claiming to conduct excursion activities.

Creation new excursion on any topic is a complex process that requires the active participation of a whole team of employees. The content of the future excursion, its cognitive value are directly dependent on the knowledge of the methodologists and guides, their competence, the degree of their practical assimilation of the foundations of pedagogy and psychology, the ability to choose the most effective ways and techniques of influencing the audience.

An excursion is the result of two most important processes: its preparation and conduct. They are interconnected, interdependent. Impossible to provide high quality conducting an excursion with ill-considered preparation.

In the work on the preparation of a new excursion, two main directions can be distinguished:

 development of a new topic of the excursion (new in general or new only for this excursion institution);

 preparation of a beginner or already working guide for conducting a new excursion for him, but already previously developed and conducted in this institution.

The first direction is the process of creating a new excursion for an excursion institution.

The preparation of a new excursion is entrusted to a creative team. It includes from 3 to 7 people, and in some cases even more, depending on the complexity of the topic. Most of these are guides working in the institution. Often specialists from various industries are invited as consultants - museum researchers, university and secondary school teachers, etc.

Usually, each of the members of the creative group is entrusted with the development of one of the sections, one of the sub-topics of the excursion, or one or more questions of the sub-topic. In order to control the work, the head of the creative group is selected.

Preparation of a new excursion goes through three main stages:

 Preliminary work- selection of materials for a future excursion, their study (i.e., the process of accumulating knowledge on a given topic, defining the purpose and objectives of the excursion). At the same time, there is a selection of objects on which the excursion will be built.

 The direct development of the excursion itself includes: drawing up an excursion route; processing of actual material; work on the content of the excursion, its main part, consisting of several main questions; control text writing; work on the methodology for conducting an excursion; selection of the most effective methodological techniques for showing and telling during the excursion; preparation of a methodological development of a new excursion; the writing of individual texts by the guides.

 The final step- reception (protection) of excursions on the route. Approval of a new excursion by the head of the excursion institution, admission of guides who have defended their topic to work on the route.

In its simplest form, the scheme of all excursions, regardless of the topic, type and form of conduct, is the same: introduction,main part,conclusion.

Introduction usually consists of two parts:

Organizational (acquaintance with the excursion group and instructing excursionists about safety rules on the way and behavior on the route);

Information ( short message about the topic, the length and duration of the route, the time of departure and arrival back, sanitary stops and the place where the excursion ends).

Main part is based on specific excursion objects, a combination of show and story. Its content consists of several sub-topics, which should be revealed at the objects and united by the topic. The number of subtopics of an excursion is usually from 5 to 12. At the same time, it is important for creating an excursion to select objects in such a way that there are only those objects that would help to reveal the content of the topic of the excursion, and in a certain dosage in time and depending on the significance of a particular subtopic in this excursion.

Conclusion, like the introduction, is not associated with excursion objects. It should take 5-7 minutes in time and consist of two parts. The first- the summary of the main content of the excursion, a conclusion on the topic that realizes the purpose of the excursion. The second- information about other excursions that can expand and deepen this topic. The conclusion is just as important as the introduction and the main body.

It is very important that the excursion is interesting enough. But it is equally important that it is not overloaded with the flow of information unnecessary for tourists, so that the way of presenting the material is not tedious, but would contribute to the best perception of it by one or another category of tourists. In this regard, the subject of the excursion must certainly be oriented towards a certain category of excursionists (adults or children, youth, urban or villagers, humanitarian workers, foreigners, etc.). Such accounting is called a differentiated approach to excursion services... It should take into account not only the interests, but also the goals of consumers. If an excursion is provided, for example, as part of a folklore tour, then the main emphasis in the story and display should be on the history, monuments, and national characteristics of the region. If the excursion is included in the program of a business tour, then attention should be paid to showing various business and social centers, etc. When organizing excursion services as part of a resort vacation, excursion walks with observation of natural landscapes, monuments, objects are attractive.

In the process of preparing a new excursion, a number of main stages can be distinguished, which are arranged in a certain order. Let's consider them in the sequence that has developed in the practice of the excursion institution.

For the first time, the concept of "stages of preparation for an excursion" was introduced into everyday life in 1976. At the same time, fifteen stages were named:

1. Determination of the purpose and objectives of the excursion.

2. Choice of theme.

3. Selection of literature and compilation of bibliography.

4. Determination of sources of excursion material. Acquaintance with expositions and funds of museums on the topic.

5. Selection and study of excursion objects.

6. Drawing up the route of the excursion.

7. Detour or bypass route.

8. Preparation of the control text of the excursion.

9. Acquisition of the “guide portfolio”.

10. Determination of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion.

11. Determination of the excursion technique.

12. Drawing up a methodological development.

13. Compilation of individual texts.

14. Acceptance (delivery) of the excursion.

15. Excursion approval.

DEFINITION OF THE PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE EXCURSION

Work on any new excursion begins with a clear definition of its purpose. This helps the authors of the excursion to conduct their work in a more organized way in the future. The purpose of the excursion is what for the sake of which excursionists are shown monuments of history and culture and other objects. The guide's story is subject to the same ultimate goal. Let's name several goals: education of patriotism, love and respect for the Motherland, socially useful work, for other peoples; aesthetic education, as well as broadening one's horizons, gaining additional knowledge in various fields of science and culture, etc. The objectives of the excursion are to achieve goals by revealing its theme.

SELECTING A THEME

Choosing a theme depends on potential demand, a specific order or targeted creation of a specific subject of excursions. Each excursion should have its own clearly defined theme.

The topic is the pivot that unites all objects and sub-topics of the excursion into a single whole. The members of the creative group conduct the selection of objects when creating an excursion, constantly checking their materials with the topic. However, it is not enough to select an object according to a topic; it is necessary to find specific material on which this topic will be revealed with the greatest completeness and persuasiveness. The grouping of topics underlies the existing classification of excursions.

SELECTION OF LITERATURE AND COMPOSITION OF BIBLIOGRAPHY

In the course of developing a new tour, a list of books, brochures, articles published in newspapers and magazines is compiled that reveal the topic. The purpose of the list is to determine the approximate boundaries of the upcoming work on the study of literary sources, to assist the guides in using the necessary factual and theoretical material when preparing the text. The list of literature is reproduced in several copies for the convenience of the group and those guides who in the future will be preparing to conduct excursions on this topic. The list includes the author, title, year of publication, as well as chapters, sections, pages. With a large number of literary sources, the list can be divided into two parts: "Basic literature" and "Additional literature".

DETERMINATION OF OTHER SOURCES OF EXCURSION MATERIAL

In addition to publications in print, other sources can be used. The authors of the excursion make a list of them, which includes state archives, museums, newsreel documentaries and popular science films, which contain materials on the topic of the excursion. Memories of participants and eyewitnesses of historical events can be used as a source. However, when using memoir materials, care should be taken to avoid inaccuracies and bias. Only reliable, thoroughly verified facts and information should be selected for the story. Computer encyclopedias, including multimedia databases on laser disks (CD-ROM), can provide significant assistance in finding and organizing excursion material.

EXCURSION ROUTE DRAWING

The excursion route is the most convenient route for the excursion group, contributing to the disclosure of the topic. It is built depending on the most correct sequence for a given excursion to inspect objects, the availability of sites for the location of the group, the need to ensure the safety of tourists. One of the objectives of the route is to contribute to the fullest disclosure of the topic.

The main requirements that must be taken into account by the planners of the route are the organization of the display of objects in a logical sequence and the provision of a visual basis for the disclosure of the topic.

In the practice of excursion institutions, there are three options for building routes: chronological, thematic and thematic-chronological.

An example of a chronological route is excursions dedicated to the life and work of prominent people.

Excursions related to the disclosure of a specific topic in the life of the city (for example, "Arkhangelsk is under construction", "Literary suburbs", etc.) are organized according to the thematic principle.

All city sightseeing excursions are structured according to the thematic and chronological principle. The sequence of presentation of the material in chronology in such excursions is observed, as a rule, only when each subtopic is disclosed.

Route development is a complex multistage procedure that requires a fairly high qualification and is one of the main elements of the technology for creating a new excursion. When developing a bus route, one should be guided by the "Rules of the road", "Charter of road transport", "Rules for the carriage of passengers" and other departmental regulations.

Objects, depending on their role in the excursion, can be used as the main and additional.

The main objects are subjected to a deeper analysis, subtopics of the excursion are revealed on them.

The display of additional objects, as a rule, is carried out when the excursion group moves (transitions) and does not occupy a dominant position.

The route is built according to the principle of the most correct sequence of inspection of objects and is planned taking into account the following requirements:

- the display of objects should be carried out in a certain logical sequence, avoiding unnecessary repeated passes along the same section of the route (street, square, bridge, highway), that is, the so-called "loops";

- availability of the object (site for its inspection);

- moving or transition between objects should not take 10-15 minutes, so that there are no too long pauses in the show and story;

- availability of comfortable stops, including sanitary and parking spaces for vehicles.

It is recommended to have several options for group movement at the time of the excursion. The need to change the route in some cases is caused by traffic jams, repair work on city highways. All this should be taken into account when creating various route options.

The development of the bus route ends with the coordination and approval of the passport and route scheme, calculation of the mileage and time of using vehicles.

BYPASS (BYPASS) ROUTE

Bypassing (bypassing) a route is one of the important stages in the development of a new excursion theme. When organizing a detour (detour) of the route, the following tasks are set: 1) get acquainted with the layout of the route, streets, squares along which the route is laid; 2) specify the place where the object is located, as well as the place of the expected stop of the excursion bus or pedestrian group; 3) master the bus access to objects or parking lots; 4) conduct the timing of the time required to show the objects, their verbal characteristics and the movement of the bus (pedestrian group), as well as clarify the duration of the excursion in general; 5) check the expediency of using the intended display objects; 6) choose the best points for displaying objects and options for the location of the excursion group; 7) choose a method of acquaintance with the object; 8) in order to ensure the safety of the movement of tourists along the route, identify potentially dangerous places and take action.

PREPARATION OF THE CONTROL TEXT OF THE EXCURSION

The text is the material necessary for the full disclosure of all the sub-topics included in the excursion. The text is intended to provide a thematic focus of the guide's story, it formulates a certain point of view on the facts and events to which the excursion is devoted, and gives an objective assessment of the objects shown.

Requirements for the text: brevity, clarity of wording, the required amount of factual material, availability of information on the topic, full disclosure of the topic, literary language.

The text of the excursion is compiled by a creative group when developing a new topic and performs control functions. This means that each guide must build his story, taking into account the requirements of this text (control text).

The control text in most cases contains a chronological presentation of the material. This text does not reflect the structure of the excursion and is not built in a route sequence, with the distribution of the presented material by stops where the analysis of excursion objects takes place. The control text is carefully selected and verified by sources material, which is the basis for all excursions on this topic. Using the provisions and conclusions that are contained in the control text, the guide builds his own individual text.

Based on the test text, options for excursions on the same topic can be created, including for children and adults, for various groups of workers.

In order to facilitate the work on creating such options, the control text may include materials related to objects, sub-topics and main issues that were not included in the route of this excursion.

In addition to the materials for the guide's story, the control text includes materials that should form the content of the introductory word and conclusion of the excursion, as well as logical transitions. It should be user-friendly. Quotes, figures and examples are accompanied by links to sources.

PORTFOLIO OF THE EXCURSOR'S PORTFOLIO

“Guide's portfolio” is the conventional name of a set of visual aids used during the excursion. These manuals are usually placed in a folder or small portfolio.

One of the tasks of the “tour guide portfolio” is to restore missing links when shown. In excursions, it often happens that not all the objects necessary for the disclosure of the topic have been preserved. For example, sightseers cannot see a historic building that has been destroyed over time; the village, destroyed during the Great Patriotic War, etc. Sometimes it becomes necessary to give an idea of ​​the original form of the place where the building being examined (residential neighborhood) was built. For this purpose, for example, photographs of a village or a vacant lot, panoramas of the construction of an enterprise, a residential area are used. The task may also arise to show what will be at the inspected place in the near future. In this case, excursionists are shown projects of buildings, structures, monuments.

During excursions, it is necessary to show photographs of people who are related to this object or events associated with it (for example, portraits of members of the Wolf family - friends of Alexander Pushkin - when conducting an excursion around the Pushkin Ring of the Upper Volga Region).

The excursion is made more convincing by the demonstration of copies of original documents, manuscripts, literary works, about which the guide tells.

And one more important task of visual aids on excursions - give a visual representation of the object(plants, minerals, mechanisms by showing genuine samples or their photographs, models, dummies).

The “guide's portfolio” includes photographs, geographic maps, diagrams, drawings, pictures, product samples, etc. Such “portfolios” are usually created for each topic. They are a constant companion of the guide and help to make any journey into the past and present more exciting and rewarding. The content of the "portfolio" is dictated by the topic of the excursion.

The visual aids of the “tour guide portfolio” should be user-friendly. Their number should not be large, since in this case the manuals will distract excursionists from examining the original objects, scatter their attention.

The members of the creative group, preparing a new excursion, select from the visual materials at their disposal the most expressive ones that can help the guide in covering the topic. The technique of demonstrating visual aids is tested on the route. Then the recommendations on the use of the materials of the "portfolio" are included in the methodological development.

Each exhibit included in the "portfolio" is accompanied by a leaflet with explanations or reference material. Sometimes explanations are glued to the back of the exhibit. This annotation serves as a source material for the guide when showing the exhibit to sightseers.

The list of visual materials of a certain topic included in the “guide's portfolio” should be updated throughout the development of a new excursion topic.

Museums, exhibitions, archives provide great assistance in the selection of visual materials for the "portfolio" of excursion organizations.

DEFINITION OF METHODOLOGICAL METHODS OF EXCURSION

The success of the excursion is in direct proportion to the methodological techniques of presentation and story used in it. The choice of this or that methodological method is dictated by the tasks set for the excursion, the informational richness of a particular object.

The work of the creative team at this stage consists of several parts: selection the most effective methodological techniques for highlighting sub-topics, methodological techniques that are recommended depending on the excursion audience (adults, children), the time of the excursion (winter, summer, day, evening), features of the show; identifying techniques for maintaining attention excursionists and activation of the process of perception of excursion material; making recommendations on the use of expressive means in the speech of the guide; selection of technical rules conducting excursions. It is equally important to determine the technology for using methodological techniques.

DEFINITION OF EXCURSION TECHNIQUE

The excursion technique unites all organizational issues of the excursion process. The authors of the bus excursion, for example, carefully think over when and where the excursionists go out to inspect the object, how the excursionists move between the objects, how and when the exhibits of the “guide's portfolio” are shown, etc. ... These instructions are also addressed to the bus driver. For example, where to put the bus, where you need to go slower to observe the object from the window. Separate instructions refer to excursionists (observance of safety rules on the street, getting off the bus, accommodation in the cabin). It is important to formulate recommendations on the use of breaks in the excursion; on observance of the time allotted for coverage of sub-topics, organization of answers to questions from tourists; on the technique of using the exhibits of the "portfolio"; about the order of laying wreaths, etc. No less important are the instructions about the place of the guide when showing objects, guiding the independent work of tourists on the route, conducting a story while the bus is moving.

DRAFTING A METHODOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

Methodological development - a document that defines how to conduct a given excursion, how best to organize the display of monuments, what methodology and technique of conducting should be applied to make the excursion effective. The methodological development sets out the requirements of the excursion methodology, taking into account the features of the objects on display and the content of the material presented. She disciplines the guide and must meet the following requirements: prompt the guide on the way to reveal the topic; equip him with the most effective methodological techniques of display and story; contain clear recommendations on the organization of the excursion; take into account the interests of a certain group of tourists (if there are excursion options); combine the show and the story into a single whole.

Methodological development is drawn up on each topic of the excursion, including with a differentiated approach to the preparation and conduct of the excursion. In the variants of the methodological development, the age, professional and other interests of the tourists, the peculiarities of the methodology of its implementation, are reflected.

The methodological development is formalized as follows:

- the title page contains data: the name of the excursion institution, the name of the topic of the excursion, the type of excursion, the length of the route, the duration in academic hours, the composition of the excursionists, the names and positions of the compilers, the date of the approval of the excursion by the head of the excursion institution.

- on the next page, the purpose and objectives of the excursion, a route diagram indicating objects and stops during the excursion are described.

Methodical development consists of three sections: introduction, main part and conclusion. The introduction and conclusion are not distributed among the columns. Here, for example, what the recommendations for a guide look like on the construction of an introduction to the methodological development of an excursion on the topic - "Tyumen - the gateway to Siberia": that they will be able to ask questions and share their impressions when the time is presented for this. In the informational part, it is necessary to name the topic, route, duration of the excursion, but it is advisable to do this in such a way as to arouse interest in the topic; attract the attention of sightseers, that is, this part of the introduction should be bright, emotional. It can begin with poems by AS Pushkin or a quote - a statement by the Decembrists about the untold riches of Siberia, the great future of this harsh land. " The landing place of the group is determined in working order together with the customer, the starting point of the excursion is determined by the methodological development.

The effectiveness of the methodological development depends on the correct filling of all seven columns. Development size - 6-12 typewritten pages. The length of the document depends on the number of excursion objects, the number of subtopics, the duration of the excursion in time and the length of the route.

In the column "Itinerary of the excursion" is called the starting point of the excursion and the end of the subtopic.

In the column "Stops" those points of the route are called where the exit from the bus is provided; it is planned to inspect the object from the windows of the bus without excursionists leaving, or it is planned to stop on a walking tour. You should not make such inaccurate entries as, for example: "Volga River Embankment" or "Central Square". It would be more correct to write: "The Volga River embankment near the monument to N. A. Nekrasov."

In the column "Display objects" list those memorable places, main and additional objects that are shown to the group at the stop, during the move or movement of the group to the next stop.

In a suburban excursion, the objects of display can be a whole city, village, urban-type settlement, and when traveling along the route, visible parts from a distance (a tall building, a tower, a bell tower, etc.). In a city tour, the objects of display can be a street or a square.

Column "Duration of the excursion". The time that is called in this column is the sum of time spent on showing this object, the guide's story (the part when there is no show) and on the movement of excursionists along the route to the next stop. Here it is necessary to take into account the time spent on movement near the objects being inspected and between objects.

Column "Name of subtopics and list of main questions" contains short notes. First of all, a subtopic is called, which is revealed on a given segment of the route, at a given segment of time, at the objects listed in column 3. Here, the main questions are formulated, which are stated in the disclosure of the subtopic. For example, in a city sightseeing tour in Poltava, one of the subtopics is called “Poltava in the Northern War between Russia and Sweden”. The main issues that are covered in this sub-topic are “Swedes in Ukraine” and “Battle of Poltava”. The subtopic "New to the old city" reveals the main issues: "Housing construction in the city", "Development of culture and art", "Construction of a sports complex". The number of main questions included in the subtopic should not exceed five.

In the column "Organizational instructions" place recommendations on the movement of the group, ensuring the safety of sightseers on the route and fulfilling sanitary and hygienic requirements, rules of conduct for participants in the excursion in memorial places and at monuments of history and culture. It also sets out the requirements for excursionists for nature protection and fire safety rules. This column includes all the questions that are included in the concept of "Technique of conducting an excursion." Here is an example of a recording: "The group is positioned in such a way that all tourists can see the entrance to the building." "At this stop, sightseers are given time to take pictures." In out-of-town excursions, this column includes instructions on sanitary stops, recommendations for nature protection, rules for the movement of tourists at stops, especially near highways in order to ensure their safety.

When conducting industrial excursions, visiting working shops, recommendations are given on safety precautions, excerpts from the instructions of the administration of the enterprise, the mandatory rules of behavior for excursionists at the enterprise, places are called where pauses are made in the story and display.

Column "Methodological instructions" determines the direction of the entire document, formulates the basic requirements for the guide according to the method of conducting the excursion, gives instructions on the use of methodological techniques. For example, in the excursion "Memorial complex" Khatyn "on the object" Defense line of the 100th rifle division "are given two guidelines: "When disclosing the subtopic, the method of verbal comparison is used, a certificate is given about the military potential of Nazi Germany at the time of its attack on the USSR" and "The story of the battles is conducted using the methodological method of visual reconstruction of the place where the hostilities took place."

It should indicate where and how the methodology is applied. This column also outlines a variant of a logical transition to the next subtopic, gives recommendations on displaying materials from the "guide's portfolio", includes tips on using the movement of tourists relative to objects as a methodological technique (for example, "After observing the object and the guide's story, tourists can independently continue their acquaintance with object "," The guide should explain the terms ... "," When showing the battlefield, it is necessary to orient the sightseers ... ", etc.).

COMPOSITION OF INDIVIDUAL TEXT

The excursion practice proceeds from the fact that the basis of the guide's story is an individual text, which determines the sequence and completeness of the presentation of thoughts, helps the guide to logically build his story. Each guide composes such a text independently. The reference text is the basis for the individual text.

All individual texts, given a good control text, will have identical content, but different turns of speech, different words, different sequence in the story, maybe even different facts confirming the same position. Naturally, all guides, being at the same object, will say the same thing.

You should not hide the control text from those who are developing a new excursion for themselves, since a creative group of the most trained guides worked on the control text, and the guide preparing a new topic for himself will not be able to achieve what was done before him by collective efforts. After the preliminary work of the guide on a new topic is completed (collection, study and primary processing of the material), he is allowed to familiarize himself with the control text. This will help him select material for the story, determine the optimal number of examples used to highlight the sub-topics, draw the right conclusions on the sub-topics of the excursion and in general. The reference to the control text, made on time, guarantees a higher level of preparation of the beginner for the excursion.

The main difference individual text from the control is that it reflects the structure of the excursion and is built in full accordance with the methodological development of the excursion. The material is placed in the order in which the objects are shown, and has a clear division into parts. Each of them is dedicated to one of the sub-topics. The individual text compiled in accordance with these requirements is a story ready for "use". The individual text contains a full statement of what should be told during the excursion. When presenting the essence of historical events, there should be no abbreviations or assessments of their significance.

It is also not allowed to mention facts without dating them, referring to sources. At the same time, the text of this type reflects the peculiarities of the speech of the "performer". The guide's story consists, as it were, of separate parts tied to visual objects. These parts are combined by conclusions for each subtopic and logical transitions between subtopics (and objects). In an individual text, each subtopic is a separate story, suitable for use during the excursion.

When composing an individual text, its author should not forget about the logic of the sounding speech, about the fact that the word and the image (object) act, as a rule, on the feeling of sightseers synchronously. Striving for liveliness in the presentation of material on excursions should not lead to attempts to entertain tourists. When deciding on the combination of cognitive and entertaining elements on an excursion, the matter should be resolved according to the formula: maximum cognitive and minimum entertaining. The question of legends has a special place in the preparation of the excursion. Only legends can be used in excursions.

In terms of their content, both texts (control and individual) coincide. And this means that in the presence of a correctly composed test text, all guides who have mastered this topic, excursions are "standard". They are the same in their content, they coincide in the assessments of historical events and facts in the conclusions that they draw on individual sub-topics and on the topic as a whole.

While analyzing the same visual object, the guides show and tell the same thing. This is the meaning of the control text as a standard.

However, with equal content, the guides can use different turns of speech, they can present the recommended facts, figures and examples in a different sequence. The individuality of the excursion lies in the fact that the guides leading the excursion on the same topic may have varying degrees of emotionality. They can, being at the same object, use different presentation techniques and forms of story. The same statement can be disclosed in different examples. The text should be written in the first person and express your personality.

Storytelling and individual text

The success of the story depends on how close the individual text is to the generally accepted speech, how it takes into account the speech characteristics of that particular guide to whom this text belongs. "The degree of influence on our consciousness of various texts depends on many reasons and conditions (logic, evidence, novelty of the topic and information, psychological attitude of the author to influence or its absence, etc.)." However, speech, its properties, structure, and features play an equally important role.

The individual texts of almost all guides on the same topic are characterized by similarities in the content and presentation of the material, in the assessment of historical events, facts and examples. However, the stories of all the guides are individual. How does the individuality of the guide find its expression? All guides, conducting excursions on the same topic, tell the same thing, but speak differently. Their story is the same in content, but different in form, use of vocabulary, and emotional level.

The method requires the guide to remember the significant difference between the speech of the lecturer and the guide when compiling an individual text.

During the excursion, the guide “rushes” objects that need to be shown to the group. The two or three hours allotted for the excursion, the stay of the tourists on their feet and in the open air, force the guide to speak briefly, clearly characterize the monuments in front of the group, and concisely talk about the events connected with them.

The duration of the story should not exceed the time that the monument is capable of capturing the attention of sightseers. Most often it is five to seven minutes. If this time is not observed, then no liveliness of the story, no methodological techniques can restore the attention of the tourists. It is no coincidence that the term is used in the methodological literature "Object language"... One of the tasks of the guide is to make the object "speak".

The technique of using individual text

The guide, just like the lecturer, can use his own individual text during the excursion. For ease of use, it is recommended that they transfer the content of the story to special cards, where brief information about the object, the main thoughts of the story, individual quotes, and historical dates are recorded. For each subtopic, several cards are filled out (usually according to the number of main questions).

Using the cards, the guide does not read their content during the excursion, but only by looking into them, he recalls the content of the story. If there is a significant break between objects during the excursion, the guide can look at the cards again, refresh the story material in his memory. Most often, cards are used as a synopsis of a story in preparation for an excursion. Exceptions are those cards on which quotations and large excerpts from works of art are entered, the content of which forms the basis of the literary montage technique. On excursions, they are read in full.

The card should be easy to use. A small size is recommended, about a quarter of a sheet of thick writing paper, suitable for long-term use. The cards have serial numbers and are added before the excursion, taking into account the sequence of the revealed subtopics.

The use of cards on excursions is the right of every guide, but with the acquisition of experience, they no longer need to. The fact that the cards are at hand and can be used at the right time gives the guide confidence in his knowledge.

The presence of an individual text does not mean that all of it must be memorized by heart and conveyed to the sightseers word for word.

Logical jumps

The creators of the excursion are faced with the task of linking the content of all subtopics into a single whole. It is solved with the help logical transitions, which should be considered as an important, although not of independent significance, part of the excursion. Well-composed logical transitions give the excursion harmony, ensure consistency in the presentation of the material, and are a guarantee that the next subtopic will be perceived with interest.

Often in excursions, when moving from one subtopic to another, they use formal(constructive) transitions... Formal is a transition that is not related to the content of the excursion and is not a "bridge" from one part of the excursion to another. (For example, “Now let's go through the square”, “Now we will follow on with you”, “Let's see another remarkable place”). However, one should not deny the legitimacy of using such transitions in general and consider them one of the mistakes in excursion work.

In those cases when the movement between objects takes a few seconds, such transitions are inevitable: (For example, "Now look here" or "Please pay attention to the monument located nearby"). Such transitions are inevitable when viewing expositions in museums and at exhibitions, where halls, thematic sections and separate stands dedicated to various sub-themes are located close to each other. Constructive passage, not being a "transitional bridge" between sub-themes, directs excursionists to familiarize themselves with the next object.

More efficient logical transition, linked to the theme of the excursion. Such a transition can begin before the group moves to the next stop, or it can end already at a stop near the object. The logical transition is dictated not so much by the features of the excursion object, but by the content of the excursion itself, the subtopic after which this transition is made.

The duration of a logical transition is usually equal in time to the movement (transition) of the group from object to object, but it can be more or less.

RECEPTION (LEAVING) EXCURSIONS

In case of a positive assessment of the control text and methodological development of the excursion, as well as in the presence of a completed “guide's portfolio” and a route map, the date of acceptance (delivery) of a new excursion is assigned. Delivery of the excursion is entrusted to the head of the creative group. If he is absent due to illness or other valid reasons, the excursion is taken by one of the members of the creative group. In the acceptance (delivery) of the excursion, the heads of the excursion institution, methodological workers, members of the creative group and the methodological section, where the excursion was prepared, as well as heads of other sections, take part.

Acceptance (delivery) of the excursion is of a business nature, is carried out in the form of a creative discussion, exchange of views, identification of shortcomings. Participants in the excursion must be familiarized with its control text and methodological development, route diagram, content of the "guide's portfolio", list of used literature, etc.

APPROVAL OF THE EXCURSION

With a positive conclusion on the control text and methodological development, as well as on the basis of calculating the cost and determining the rate of return of a new excursion, the head of the excursion institution issues an order approving a new excursion topic and a list of guides allowed to conduct it.

Guides who took an active part in the development of the topic and listened to on the route or during the interview are allowed to work. The conclusion of the interview is made by the methodologist of the excursion-methodical department.

All other guides, who later independently prepared this topic, conduct a test excursion in the usual way. Guides (regardless of work experience) are allowed to conduct an excursion on a topic that is new to them only if they have an individual text after listening and issuing the corresponding order.

Diploma. 2014

Creating a new excursion is a complex process that takes place in 3 stages: 1) preparatory; it includes the selection of materials for a future excursion, their study, the selection of objects on which excursions will be built. 2) direct development of the excursion itself. It includes drawing up an excursion route, processing factual material, working on the content of the excursion and developing an individual text for excursions. 3) Final. This is a reception or defense of an excursion on a route. In its simplest form, the scheme of all excursions, regardless of the topic, type and form of conduct, is the same. Each excursion has an introduction, a main part and a conclusion. The introduction, as a rule, consists of 2 parts: -organizational (acquaintance with the group, instructing the tourists about the safety rules on the way, behavior on the route); - informational (a short message in 2-3 sentences about the topic of the route, its length, about the place of the beginning and end of the excursions). The main part is based on specific excursion objects, on a combination of display and story, its content includes several sub-topics, united into one topic, the number of sub-topics of excursions, as a rule, from 5 to 12. It is especially important to select objects, so that they solved the main task of excursions.

The conclusion, like the introduction, is not connected with excursion objects, it should take 5-7 minutes. and consist of two parts: 1-summing up the main topic of excursions; 2 is information about another excursion and about the tour guide.

An excursion object is an object or phenomenon that gives an idea of ​​the characteristic features of nature, the development of society, science, culture, art, etc. and arousing the interest of sightseers. The objects of excursions can be: 1) memorable places associated with historical events, the development of society and the state; 2) buildings and structures, memorial monuments associated with the life and work of prominent personalities, works of urban planning art, residential and public buildings, etc.; 3) natural objects: forests, parks, rivers, lakes, as well as individual trees, etc. .d .; 4) monuments of archeology, ancient settlements, ancient sites, settlements, barrows; 5) expositions of state and folk museums, art galleries, permanent and temporary exhibitions; 6) monuments of art - works of fine, decorative and applied art, sculpture, etc.

To evaluate the objects that are included in the excursion, it is recommended to use the following criteria: 1) cognitive value; 2) the popularity of the object; 3) the unusualness of the object; 4) the expressiveness of the object; 5) the safety of the object; 6) location of the object. The tour should not be overloaded with a large number of objects. The optimal duration of a city excursion is 2-3 academic hours. Tourists are interested in no more than 15-20 excursion objects. The excursion can include objects of the same group (for example, only temples), and objects of different groups. The set of objects depends on the topic of the excursion, its composition of the group. It is important to avoid the monotony of visual objects. The selection of objects ends with the drawing up of a card (passport) for each of them. The cards are attached to the photo of the object, which reproduces its current and previous views. If the card is issued for an architectural or archaeological site, then there may be more photos. The route of the excursion is drawn between the objects.

The route of the excursion is the most convenient route for the excursion group, contributing to the disclosure of the topic.

There are 3 options for building a route: 1) chronological; 2) thematic; 3) thematic-chronological. Excursions dedicated to the activities of prominent people can serve as an example of a chronological structure. Excursions related to the disclosure of a specific theme of city life (literary Kursk) are organized according to the thematic principle. All city sightseeing excursions are structured according to the thematic and chronological principle. When developing a new excursion, both main and additional objects can be used. Additional objects are shown when moving and passing the excursion group. Moving or crossing should not take more than 5-10 minutes. Long pauses should not be allowed when showing and telling.

When developing a bus route, it is important to take into account the traffic pattern, mileage and travel time during rush hour.

Bypassing or detouring the guide's route is one of the important stages in the development of a new excursion theme. In this case, the guide gets acquainted with the layout of the streets, specifies the location of the object, finds the point where the group stops, finds points for showing, options for the location of groups, and potentially dangerous places.

On this basis, the text of the excursion is compiled. There are two types of texts: control and individual. The control is a carefully selected and verified (with links to sources) material set out in accordance with the requirements of scientific research for a full disclosure of the topic of the excursion. Performing control functions, it is a directive document for guides conducting excursions on this topic. Based on the control text, the guide independently compiles an individual text that reflects the structure of the excursion and is built in accordance with its route. A story, ready in form, is an individual text - material presented in accordance with the structure, route of the excursion, which gives a description of objects and events. Requirements for the text: brevity, clarity, expediency of factual material and literary language. The guide writes the text of the tour using quotes, numbers, examples, etc.

The object card and the text of the excursion make up the guide's portfolio. A guide's portfolio is a symbol for a set of visual aids used during a tour. He must restore the missing links at the show. The guide's portfolios can be: photos, diagrams, models, product samples. The content of the "portfolio" depends on the topic of the excursion.

The last stage will be - acceptance (delivery) and approval of the excursion by the commission after familiarization with its text and methodological development, "guide's portfolio", technological map and route diagram of the route of the transport excursion, agreed with the traffic police. The excursion is accepted on the route or in the classroom and approved by the commission in accordance with the established procedure.

Development of excursion routes on literary topics of the Vladimir region

Introduction

The emergence and development of excursion work as an independent form of activity is attributed to the last decades of the XIX ― the beginning of the XX centuries, although the origins of excursion work were formed much earlier.
Excursion work emerged as an independent profession in the XVIII ―XIX centuries influenced by the development of transport, the resort industry and hospitality primarily in Western Europe and Russia. It was the fashion for travel in the 19th century, which became widespread for the privileged strata of society, that dictated the emergence of a new profession. ― « guide "and" guide-translator ".
Intensification of excursion activities in the 19th century. was associated with the emergence of a number of organizations that practiced excursion trips. The development of excursion activities was accompanied by the opening of historical, cultural and natural monuments, ensembles, museums, as well as various exhibitions. This was facilitated by the initiative activities of scientific societies.

The spread of excursions, mountain climbing, hiking and cycling, the desire of the Russian intelligentsia to use travel, movement and educational excursions to educate the people created the prerequisites for uniting tourism and excursion lovers in various specialized organizations.

In the XX century. along with the development of the museum business and the resort business, the work of tour guides has acquired a fairly high status in society. During this period, the tourism industry developed, which acquired a worldwide scale. The development of exhibition work and the revitalization of the resort business in many countries of the world contribute to the development of tourism, which has taken a leading place in the national economy of many countries of the world.

Excursion ― it is the process of familiarization or study of any object of the socio-cultural environment with the help of a professionally trained specialist guide. In the modern sense, an excursion is always characterized by specific goals, time and place.

Currently, excursion activities perform a socially significant role, have their own history, professional staff, are distinguished by a variety of types of forms, topics.

Excursion - (lat. - trip) - a collective or individual visit to sights, for educational or cultural purposes, under the guidance of a guide.

Display and storytelling defines the specialty of the excursion. The specificity of the excursion method is in the primary display. Therefore, the essence of the excursion is the organic and indissoluble unity of the show with the story. The main features of the excursion are: length in time, the presence of an excursion group, the presence of a guide, inspection of excursion objects, a specific topic, the presence of a goal and objectives, the development of the route.

The excursion presupposes the acquisition of new impressions and new sensations by the excursionists. Excursion activities include the activities of the participants of the excursion: the organizer of the excursion, sometimes, the group guide, the guide and excursionists. Accentuation ― it is the highlighting of features, any features that allow the guide to take into account the peculiarities of the group of tourists. The ability to express accentuation realizes the professional skills of a guide, taking into account the peculiarities of this group of tourists.

The relevance of our work lies in considering the cultural and educational significance of conducting excursions on literary topics.

The purpose of the work is to develop a route "To V. Soloukhin's homeland"

) study the concept, subject and classification of the excursion;

) consider excursions on literary topics

) highlight the peculiarities of organizing excursions on the topic "Literary Vladimir".

) to develop a route for an excursion reflecting the life and work of the Vladimir writer V.A. Soloukhin.

The object of the research is a literary excursion.

The subject of research is the work of V.A. Soloukhin.

The basis for writing the work was books, articles, monographs on tourism, excursions, as well as research on the work of V.A. Soloukhin.

1. The theory of the development of the excursion

1.1 Concept and subject of the excursion

excursion literary solohin

Excursion is a word derived from the Latin "excursio". In Russian, it began to be used in the 19th century, meaning "run out, military raid", a little later - "sortie, trip". The following definitions of the term "excursion", presented in chronological order, will help to understand the change in the essence of the concept of excursion and lead to the realization of its modern interpretation.

The first interpretation of the term was given by V. Dahl in 1882: “An excursion is a sinking, a walk, going out in search of something, for collecting herbs, etc.”. (Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language. - M .: Russian language, 1980. - vol. 4. - P. 663).

"An excursion is one of the types of mass, cultural, educational, agitation and educational work aimed at expanding and deepening the knowledge of the younger generation ..." (Big Soviet encyclopedia... - M., 1933. - t. 63. - S. 316).

"Excursion (Latin excursio - outing) - a collective trip or walk somewhere... with a scientific, educational or entertainment purpose "(definition given by D.N. Ushakov in 1935, see Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language / under the direction of D.N. Ushakov. - M. Astrel, 2007. - p. 901.)

“Excursion - a visit to objects of interest (cultural monuments, museums, enterprises, localities, etc.), the form and method of acquiring knowledge. It is carried out, as a rule, collectively, under the guidance of a specialist guide "(Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M., 1978. - vol. 29. - P. 63).

“The excursion is a methodically thought-out display of sights, monuments of history and culture, which is based on the analysis of the objects in front of the sightseers' eyes, as well as a skillful story about the events associated with them ... objects located in natural conditions or located in the premises of enterprises, laboratories, research institutes, etc. ... In a short form, the essence of the excursion can be defined as follows: excursion is the sum of knowledge in a specific form communicated to a group of people, and a certain system of their transfer "(Emelyanov, BV Guidance: Textbook / BV Emelyanov. - 5th ed. - M .: Soviet sport, 2004. - S. 17, 21-22).

From the above definitions, it can be seen that over time, there was not just a change, but an increase in the complexity of the goals, objectives, content and forms of excursions. If initially the excursion could be a simple walk, during which the search for medicinal berries and herbs was carried out, then later, during the excursions, they began to identify exhibits for local history museums, to raise the level of knowledge in various industries. Accordingly, the goals have also changed, if at first only practical tasks were set, gradually scientific general educational, cultural educational ones were added to them.

When considering the concept of "the essence of an excursion", it is necessary to bear in mind the conditionality of the excursion process by objective requirements. Each excursion presents a special process of activity, the essence of which is determined by specific patterns (thematicity, purposefulness, clarity, emotionality, activity, etc.).

During the excursion process, the guide helps the excursionists to see the objects on the basis of which the topic is revealed (the first task), to hear the necessary information about these objects (the second task), to feel the greatness of the feat, the significance of the historical event (the third task), to master the practical skills of independent observation and analysis excursion objects (fourth task). In solving the last problem great place takes the formation of the ability to see.

The material of the excursion, the professional skill of the guide in its presentation enable the excursionists to analyze and draw the necessary conclusions. The guide instills these skills in the course of showing and telling tourists. In this case, the authors of the excursion act as active assistants to the guide. The well-known theorist, critic and teacher A.V. Bakushinsky spoke about this: "The methodological development of the material, conditioned by the goal, all the tasks and the plan of the excursion, should be aimed at awakening the independence of perception and assessments." 1.

One of the objectives of the excursion is to develop the excursionists' attitude to the topic of the excursion, the activities of historical persons, events, facts, in general to the material of the excursion and to give it their own assessment.

Rate- means to form an idea of ​​someone, something, to determine the meaning, character, role of someone or something, to recognize someone's merits, positive qualities.

Excursion evaluation- these are the conclusions of the excursionist, to which the guide leads him

Attitude to the excursionit should be understood as: a certain view of the excursionist on the historical period to which the excursion is devoted; the perception of any action; understanding of the specific situation in which the writer, sculptor (artist) was creating his work.

In this process, an important role is played by the excursion material, its presentation by the guide, the “angle of view” of the event and its assessment by the guide, as well as the guide’s conviction that he is right. The main thing in this process is the problem of understanding. Most of the excursionists perceive the point of view of the guide, which becomes the basis for understanding the material and developing an attitude towards the subject of the display and story.

An excursion is a methodically thought-out show of sights, monuments of history and culture, which is based on the analysis of the objects in front of the sightseers, as well as a skillful story about the events associated with them.

Composition- construction, connection, compilation of separate parts into a whole. This term is associated with the concepts of "structure" and "construction".

Plot- an event or several events related to each other.

Fable- a chain of events about which the work tells. In the presentation of the plot, they distinguish composition, set, development of action, culmination, denouement.

Climax- the point, the moment of the highest tension in the development of the plot action.

The excursion, being the work of specific authors, is built taking into account the requirements for a literary work and has its own plot, to which all excursion material is subordinated. A sightseeing tour, in terms of its objectives and form of conduct, is more complicated than travel information or an instructor's conversation on a camping trip. Thematic excursion, in comparison with the city sightseeing tour, is more complex in its structure, content, methodology.

The path of development of the excursion follows the Line of change in its essence. The excursion was originally a walk with practical tasks such as finding medicinal herbs. Then she faced scientific tasks, such as identifying exhibits for the local history museum. The search for new forms of self-education put forward a general educational goal for excursions. The desire to improve educational work, to make it more effective turned the excursion into one of the types of cultural and educational work.

Currently, the excursion acts as something complete, holistic, having its own specific functions and features, a kind of individual methodology. To a large extent, it has enriched itself in content, forms of conduct and methods of presenting the material and is characterized as an integral part of ideological, educational and cultural work. The goals, objectives and forms of excursions are shown in Table 1.

Table 1.

No. ObjectivesTasksForms1RestSearch for medicinal herbs, berries, mushrooms, fruitsWalk2EducationalChildren's mastering of knowledge on a school subject (botany, geography, history) Lesson outside the classroom3ScientificIdentification of exhibits for a local history museumExpedition4Cultural-educational travel on history, architecture, literature and other fieldsSightseeing multifaceted excursion6Cultural and educationalThe assimilation of knowledge in combination with educationThematic excursion

So, the excursion is a visual process of human cognition the surrounding world, built on pre-selected objects located in natural conditions or located in the premises of enterprises, laboratories, research institutes, etc.

The objects are shown under the guidance of a qualified specialist - a guide. The process of perception of objects by excursionists is subordinated to the task of revealing a specific topic. The guide gives the audience a vision of the object, an assessment of the memorial place, an understanding of the historical event associated with this object. He is not indifferent to what the visitor will see, how he will understand and perceive what he has seen and heard. With his explanations, he brings the tourists to the necessary conclusions and assessments, thereby achieving the desired effectiveness of the event.

The functions of the excursion are considered as its main features.

Scientific propaganda function... The excursion is based on the principles of propaganda, scientific approach, ideology, connection with life, clarity and persuasiveness. These principles express the essence of propaganda and make it possible to highlight the main thing in it.

The connection of theory with life... The material of the excursions should be linked with life, reality, the practice of economic and cultural development, with the changes that are taking place in Russia.

Information function... The excursion, in accordance with its topic, contains information on a specific section of knowledge: on the achievements of historical science, medicine, biology; about the discoveries of archaeologists; inventions, achievements in economic and cultural construction.

The function of organizing cultural activities... Leisure means that part of the non-working time that remains at the disposal of a person after a working day. A person spends this free time within a day, week, year at his discretion on active creative or social activities, on-the-job studies, amateur activities, and communication with friends.

Excursion in the function of expanding the cultural and technical horizons... Each excursion helps to broaden a person's horizons. Its participants receive knowledge in history, art, architecture, literature, economics. Often, an excursion concretizes the knowledge of the tourists, helps them see what they knew from written sources, from school curricula, from lectures.

An excursion is a synthesis of several forms of cultural and educational work. It can include as thematically embedded and methodically justified parts:

a) fragments from feature films, popular science or newsreel documentary in whole

b) speeches of participants or eyewitnesses of events, war veterans (1941-1945) in excursions on military-patriotic themes;

c) meeting with the heads of industrial or agricultural enterprises, engineering and technical workers, leading workers on excursions on production topics;

d) listening to musical works dedicated to the life and work of composers, artists, musicians;

e) listening to speeches of statesmen and public figures in sound recordings, in excursions on historical and historical-revolutionary themes.

The function of the formation of human interests... The purpose of the excursion is to communicate the knowledge of the audience and arouse people's interest in a particular field of knowledge.

Each specific excursion can perform several functions at the same time. It depends on which group of tourists it is being held with. For children and youth, an excursion is a function of expanding the cultural and technical horizons; for adolescents choosing a profession - the function of forming interests; for foreign tourists - information function, etc.

Excursion signs

A sign is what makes objects and phenomena similar to each other or distinguishes from each other. This refers to essential features, i.e. those without which the object, phenomenon, form of cultural and educational work cannot exist.

The excursion, like other forms of cultural and educational work (lecture, thematic evening, oral journal, reader's conference), has its own characteristics in the organization and methodology. Its signs indicate a similarity with other forms, or emphasize its fundamental difference from them.

Common features for all excursions are:

Length of time from one academic hour (45 minutes) to one day

Availability of sightseers (groups or individuals).

The presence of a guide conducting the excursion.

The movement of the participants of the excursion along a pre-compiled route.

Purposefulness of displaying objects, the presence of a specific theme.

Active activity of the participants (observation, study, research of objects).

The absence of at least one of the above seven signs deprives you of the right to call the event an excursion.

In addition to these general features, each type of excursion has its own specific features:

at buses - a compulsory exit from the bus to view the monuments;

at the museum - acquaintance with the materials located on the stands;

at production facilities - a demonstration of operating objects (machines, units, mechanisms).

The meaning of the signs of the excursion is that their correct understanding does not allow misinterpreting the essence of the excursion.

1.2 Rules for the development of an excursion

By contentexcursions are divided into sightseeing (multifaceted, polythematic) and thematic.

Sightseeing excursionsare characterized by multi-theme and allow you to get a general and complete picture of the object in a short time. A city tour is based on showing various objects of the city: historical and cultural monuments, buildings and structures, places of significant events, natural objects, industrial and agricultural enterprises, etc. The story about the city is from the time of its inception to the present moment.

Almost all city sightseeing tours are similar in structure. Each of them contains several subtopics: the history of the city, characteristics of culture, science, education, industry. The choice of the main and obligatory subtopics is a difficult task for the guide. Differences between urban sightseeing tours due to the peculiarities of the cultural and historical development of the city. When preparing a city sightseeing tour, preference is given to those sub-topics that define the “face” of the city, and one of the sub-topics, due to its importance, necessarily becomes the leading one.

Another feature of sightseeing tours is that any of its subtopics, if necessary, can become a topic for an independent excursion.

Thematic excursions devoted to the disclosure of any one topic in the field of history, culture, nature management. Depending on one or another content aspect, a thematic excursion is traditionally referred to one of the types: historical, architectural and urban planning, art history, literary, natural history and industrial (technological). The first four types can be combined into a class of cultural and historical excursions.

Specifying each type, subtypes of city sightseeing tours can be distinguished. So, according to its content historical excursions subdivided into historical and regional studies; archaeological(showing material historical sources-excavations); ethnographic (telling about the manners and customs of different peoples); military history(held in places of military glory); historical and biographical(in places related to the life and work of famous people) .

Architectural and urban planning excursions divided into excursions showing the architectural appearance of a given city; excursions showing architectural monuments of a certain historical period; excursions giving an idea of ​​the work of an architect; excursions with a demonstration of examples of modern architecture; excursions introducing the planning and development of cities according to master plans; excursions to new buildings.

Art history excursions have the following subtopics: historical and theatrical, historical and musical, in the places where folk arts and crafts exist, in the places of life of art workers, excursions to art galleries, exhibition halls, art museums, to the workshops of artists and sculptors.

Literary excursions

Natural history excursions are divided into botanical, zoological, hydrological, geological, excursions to unique natural monuments.

Industrial excursions can be production-historical, production-economic, production-technical and vocational-orientation for students.

It should be noted that thematic excursions This or that type rarely exists in isolation, practice shows that the boundaries between them are blurred. Thus, historical material is used in architectural and urban planning, art history, literary, industrial excursions.

By the composition of the participants first of all, there are excursions for adults and children, local residents and tourists (nonresident), urban population and rural, organized, homogeneous groups (at the request of institutions) and single, unfamiliar tourists. On other grounds, you can build other classifications. For example, a distinction is made between excursions for students, professionals and the general public.

As a special contingent requiring special techniques and methods of conducting an excursion, one can indicate groups of religious pilgrims, young children, disabled people, the elderly, and "difficult" adolescents.

Depending on the composition of the group, changes are made to the content of the excursion, the methodology of its conduct and the duration. Such an approach to the preparation and conduct of an excursion in the theory of excursion business is called differentiated.

By venue excursions are urban, suburban, museum, complex, combining elements of several types of excursions.

By way of travel distinguish between walking and transport excursions. Advantage walking tours in the fact that the guide himself sets the rhythm of movement (speed, duration of transitions and stops), which provides favorable conditions for showing and telling. However, the number of walking tours is limited by the short length of the route. The advantage of transport excursions is that they can include objects that are significantly distant from each other.

Among transport excursions, bus excursions are most common, which contain the action of two plans: display and analysis of excursion objects at stops, with the obligatory exit from the bus, and a story along the way, most often associated with the characteristics of memorable places, past which in this moment sightseers are passing by. The complexity of bus excursions is due to external factors that must be taken into account when conducting an excursion. These include the rules road traffic, unforeseen circumstances arising on the roads (traffic congestion, accidents, repair work), the speed of the bus and the correspondence between the story and the show, etc.

The duration of the excursion is from one academic hour (45 minutes) to four to five hours. There is an opinion that the duration of the excursion can be up to one day. A.V. Svyatoslavsky calls such long excursions tours and believes that they are divided into several smaller excursions of varying duration, and also include meal times, rest, buying souvenirs, sanitary stops, travel information. Let's take a closer look at the last element of long-distance excursions.

Travel information is transmitted to sightseers on the bus, following to objects that are significantly remote from the place of the group gathering: to another locality, to a museum - a manor, a nature reserve, memorial Complex... Travel information assumes both preparation for visiting objects at the final point of the route, and familiarization with the sights encountered along the way, in addition, it can be given general characteristics locality or region. Travel information does not imply continuous speaking, it is recommended to arrange 15-20 minute breaks for tourists and the guide to rest.

In terms of the form of conducting, in addition to traditional excursions (survey and thematic), excursions are distinguished - walks, mainly on natural history topics, to the forest, to the park, to the lake, along the river. During excursions - walks, sightseeing is combined with relaxation.

In the 60-80s. In the twentieth century, there were excursions - extras, the participants of which simultaneously move along the route on 10 - 20 buses, each of which has a guide. Such excursions, in addition to inspecting objects, may include holding meetings at monuments, burial places, meetings with heroes and participants in historical events, performances by participants in amateur performances, participation in folk festivals and theatrical performances.

Excursion - a concert is dedicated to a musical theme with listening to music in the bus during a long excursion.

The excursion can be seen as a form of educational activity for different groups of excursionists. From this point of view, stand out:

. excursion - lesson, which is a form of communication of knowledge in accordance with the curriculum of a particular educational institution;

. excursion - demonstrationin the most visual form introduces the group to natural phenomena or production processes;

. test excursionis carried out at the final stage of individual work on the preparation and conduct of educational-thematic excursions and is a form of testing the knowledge and skills of students in a tourist-local history association (circle).

Note that the division of excursions into clearly defined groups in practice is conditional, however, it is necessary, since it is of great importance in the development of new excursion routes. Classification of excursions provides conditions for effective preparation of excursions, facilitates specialization, and provides a differential approach to serving different groups of excursionists.

The new excursion is the result of two complex interrelated processes: its preparation and conduct. The content and value of the new excursion is determined by the knowledge and competence of the methodologists and guides.

There are two main directions in the preparatory work:

1.development of a new topic for the excursion (meaning both new for this excursion institution, and new in general);

2.preparation of a guide (both beginner and experienced) for a new excursion for him.

The development is entrusted to a creative team (usually 3-7 people), which, as a rule, are guides working in the institution. Researchers from museums, university professors, etc. are invited as consultants, i.e. specialists from various industries. Each participant develops one section, one subtopic. A leader is selected who exercises control.

There are three main stages in the technology of preparing a new excursion.

1.Preliminary work. Includes selection and study of materials, selection of objects. (Study here should be understood as a process of accumulating knowledge on a given topic, determining the purpose and objectives of the excursion).

2.Direct development of the excursion itself, i.e. preparation of the route, work on the content, processing of factual material, compilation and writing of a control text, methodical work (work on a method of conducting an excursion, choosing the most effective methodological techniques for showing and telling during an excursion, preparing a methodological development of a new excursion), writing individual texts by guides ...

.The final part - the acceptance (protection) of the excursion on the route - is the approval of the new excursion by the head of the excursion institution, the admission of the guides who have defended their topic to work on the route.

If you draw up the simplest scheme that is suitable for any excursion, regardless of the topic, type and form of conduct, then it will be as follows:

). The introduction usually consists of two parts:

· organizational (getting to know the participants of the excursion, instructing the group about the safety rules and behavior on the route);

· informational (a short message is made about the topic, the duration and length of the route, the time of departure and arrival, as well as the place of arrival, sanitary stops).

). The main part is formed by a combination of show and story, built on specific excursion sites. The content of the main part consists of sub-topics (there are usually from 5 to 12), which should be disclosed at the facilities and united by the main topic.

). Conclusion. Just like the introduction, it is not related to sightseeing objects. Consists of two parts and takes 5-7 minutes. The first part - the main content of the excursion is briefly formulated, a general conclusion on the topic is made. The second part - information about other excursions that can deepen the knowledge of the excursionists on this topic.

When preparing a new excursion, it is necessary to be guided by a differentiated approach to excursion services, to be guided by a certain category of excursionists. In an effort to make the tour interesting, it is important not to overload it with information. The way the material is presented doesn't have to be tedious. A prerequisite is to take into account not only the interests, but also the goals of consumers. When organizing an excursion as part of a business tour program, attention should be paid to showing public and business centers. If the excursion is carried out as part of a resort vacation, then walks, including water walks, with the observation of natural landscapes become attractive.

In the process of preparing a new excursion, from 1976 to the present day, 15 main stages are distinguished.

Stage th. Determination of the purpose and objectives of the excursion.

The goal is clearly defined, for the sake of which certain objects are shown to sightseers, for which the guide's story is subordinated. (Example of a goal: fostering patriotism, broadening one's horizons, etc.). The purpose of the excursion is to achieve the goal by revealing the topic.

Stage th. Choosing a theme.

Depends on the purposeful creation of a specific subject of excursions, potential demand or a specific order. This stage is important because the theme unites all objects, sub-themes of the excursion into a single whole. It is in accordance with the theme that objects and specific material are selected.

Stage th. Selection of literature and compilation of bibliography.

When developing a new excursion, a list of books and articles covering the topic is compiled. Its purpose is to determine the approximate boundaries of the forthcoming work on the study of literary sources, to help the guides in the use of theoretical and factual material in the preparation of the text.

The list may include "main" and "additional" literature, it indicates standard bibliographic information. The list is multiplied in the amount necessary for the work of both the creative group and the guides.

Stage th. Determination of other sources of excursion material.

Acquaintance with expositions and funds of museums on the topic. A list is compiled, which includes state archives, museums, newsreels and documentaries, multimedia databases containing materials on the topic. The main selection criterion is the reliability of the information presented.

.3 Literary guided tours

Among the diverse forms of functioning of a literary work, there is one extremely interesting, but neglected modern literary criticism: a literary excursion. The great experience of the theory of excursion business, accumulated in the 1920s, is not yet in demand. Such a socially and educationally significant and rich in possibilities phenomenon of the existence of literature as a literary excursion, it seems, has departed exclusively into the field of applied interests of the tourism business. Accordingly, the design of excursions is not theoretically meaningful and does not have any well-thought-out conceptual basis.

The heuristic and didactic possibilities of a literary excursion are still in little demand.

By projecting the text of a work into a real landscape, deploying it as a here and now a continuing event, a literary tour creates an irreplaceable effect of participation in the artistic world. Indeed, the effect of interaction between the literary text and the landscape turns out to be multifaceted. First, the perception of itself changes. artistic text... The lines of a familiar piece, localized in the route, acquire the utmost concreteness. The excursionist, comparing the object and the author's associations generated by it, himself enters into the process of creative transformation of the area. Secondly, the semantics of everyday space is changing: familiar city streets, faceless, silent houses acquire an appearance, a voice, speak the language of literary legends. In the consciousness of the perceiver, mechanisms are triggered that transform the profane space into a cultural landscape saturated with meanings. And, finally, the processes of identification of the territory and self-identification of the person living on it are activated, the natural need to know and love their land deepens.

It is advisable to group literary excursions as follows:

Literary and biographical - pass in places that preserve the memory of the life and work of a certain writer;

Literary and artistic (poetical and textual);

Literary and regional studies - devoted to the study of natural or anthropogenic, cultural complex with the help of literary works;

Literary and biographical excursions are held in places that keep the memory of the life and work of the writer, poet, playwright, etc. (for example, "A.S. Pushkin in Moscow and the Moscow Region", "Kuprin in St. Petersburg", etc.);

historical and literary, revealing certain periods of the development of Russian national literature (for example, "Literary Moscow of the 20s of the XX century", "Literary Eagle", etc.);

literary and artistic - these are poetical and textual excursions (for example, "White Nights in St. Petersburg") or excursions to places that are reflected in the works of one or another writer (for example, "In the footsteps of M. the work of Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace" "and others).

Conclusions. In this way, in a short form, the essence of an excursion can be defined as follows: an excursion is a sum of knowledge communicated to a group of people in a specific form, and a certain system of actions for their transfer.

Literary excursions subdivided into literary and biographical (according to the places that keep the memory of the life and work of the writer, poet, playwright); historical and literary (dedicated to certain periods of the development of Russian literature); literary and artistic (according to the places that were the scene of action in the works of this or that writer).

2. Development of an excursion "To V. Soloukhin's Homeland"

.1 General concept (text) of the excursion

The planned excursion is dedicated to the life and work of the outstanding Vladimir poet and prose writer Vladimir Soloukhin.

Vladimir Alekseevich Soloukhin (14.06.1924-4.04.1997), writer. Born in the village of Alepino, Vladimir region, into a peasant family.

Born into a peasant family. His mother Stepanida Ivanovna knew by heart many poems by Nekrasov, Surikov, A.K. Tolstoy. This was reflected in the son, who thus came across poetry at the age of four.

After graduating from school, in 1938-1942. studied at a technical school in Vladimir, received the specialty of a mechanic-instrumentalist.

The further fate of Vladimir Soloukhin was such that from 1942, after graduating from college, he served in a military unit guarding the Kremlin, in 1945 he wandered into the classes of the Literary Association. One could see Lugovsky, Tikhonov, Selvinsky, Antokolsky, Shchipachev, Kovalenkov conducting classes there, and Lukonin, Mezhirov, Gudzenko, Mikhail Lvov, Yulia Drunina, Nedogonov, Narovchatov, Pavel Shubin, and others participating in the classes. army, Vladimir Soloukhin began to seriously engage in literary activity.

In 1946, having published his first poems in " Komsomolskaya Pravda”And realizing his vocation, he entered the Literary Institute named after M. Gorky, who graduated in 1951. After graduation, he worked as a traveling correspondent-essayist, wrote reports on trips around the country and abroad.

He worked as a member of the editorial board of the magazine "Molodaya Gvardiya" (1958-1981), a member of the editorial board, and then the board of the editorial board of the magazine "Our Contemporary".

Soloukhin's poems were at first traditional in form, then his lyrics more and more approached prose, he abandoned rhyme and meter, dividing poetry through syntactic parallels and repetitions of words and parts of a sentence. Soloukhin's prose, in its associative structure and in the fact that the action in it often fades into the background, resembles the prose of K.G. Paustovsky (about whose work Soloukhin spoke with deep understanding); this prose combines journalistic documentary and an attitude towards natural poetry, primordial peasant, based on his own observations of the life of collective farmers, and reflections on art topics, national-Russian admiration for the homeland and its cultural traditions and topical criticism.

The first collection of poems "Rain in the Steppe" appeared in 1953. Critics noted in the verses "the subtle beauty of the image." The early lyrics reveal the desire to pose such problems as the Motherland, its historical past and present, man and nature. The author's civic position is revealed in verses containing reflections on the meaning of life, on the relationship between the poet and the people. This was followed by collections of poetry "Zhuravlikha" (1959), "Having flowers in his hands" (1962), "To live on earth" (1965), in which, over time, the author's desire for a philosophical understanding of life grew stronger.

In the 1950s. the first collections of his poems were published, in which, over time, the author's desire for a philosophical understanding of life increased more and more. During his trips around the country and foreign countries, he published reports and travel sketches in various publications. The book "Vladimirskie gorseloki" (1957) made Soloukhin's name famous. In 1958 he was inducted into the presidium of the Union of Writers of the RSFSR, in 1959 - even the Union of Writers of the USSR.

During the scandal surrounding the release in the West in 1957 of Boris Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago and the award of the Nobel Prize (1958), Soloukhin was among those who condemned the poet, but, as Vladimir Alekseevich later explained, not for the sake of defending the communist regime, but since he did not consider the novel so talented (it is really difficult to call it such), he did not sympathize with Pasternak's unpatriotic worldview and did not want to be his defender in this matter.

Since 1951 he travels a lot around the country and foreign countries, publishing reports in various publications. The first separate book of essay prose "The Birth of Zernograd" was published in 1955; the next one - "The Golden Bottom" - in 1956. The book "Vladimirskie gorseloki" (1957) attracted serious attention of readers and critics, receiving the most approving responses. In 1964 he published his autobiographical novel "Mother Stepmother". A special place in Soloukhin's work is occupied by his artistic and journalistic books "Letters from the Russian Museum" (1966) and "Black boards" (1969). In 1964 - 81 he was a member of the editorial board of the magazine "Young Guard".

Living in Moscow, Soloukhin did not break ties with his native places, the people there. In 1965 a collection of poems "From a lyrical standpoint" was published. In the 1970s, the books "Olepinsky Ponds" (1973) and "A Visit to 3 Vanki" (1975) were published. In the 1980s - “Time to collect stones” about Optina Monastery (a monastery near Kozelsk) and a collection of stories and essays “The Calamity with Pigeons”. The theme of Russian nature, the spiritual wealth of the people has always occupied the writer, he wrote about the need to preserve and protect them.

The main theme of Soloukhin's work is the Russian village. Vladimir Soloukhin is a prominent representative of "village writers". In 1975, the magazine "Moscow" published the autobiographical story "The Verdict", where the main character (on whose behalf the story is told) is diagnosed with cancer and undergoes a surgical operation. In the writer's legacy, a special place is occupied by autobiographical prose, in which the author comprehends the history of Russia in the 20th century ("The Last Step", "In the Light of Day", "Salt Lake", "Bowl"). In them, standing on Orthodox-nationalist positions, he sharply criticizes the atheistic, internationalist, liberal and communist worldview.

In June 1956, Soloukhin traveled on foot across the Vladimir land.

A feeling of love for the Motherland and pain for her fate are imbued with his stories "Vladimirskie gorseloki" (1957), "A drop of dew" (1960), "Laughter behind the left shoulder" (1984). They were written based on real impressions and brought him wide popularity. "Vladimirskie gorseloki" - 40 diary entries made during a trip to the motherland; "A drop of dew" is a portrait of the native village of Olepino, "projected onto the screen of the irrevocable childhood of an ordinary peasant boy." Soloukhin believed that as in a drop you can see the reflection of the world, so in the life of one village you can find something characteristic of all of Russia.

One of the first to raise the question of the plight of the peasants, ruined by socialist experiments. In the book "In the Light of Day" (1992) he showed the anti-Russian essence of the Jewish Bolsheviks, who deliberately starved the Russian people in order to force them to submit to their power. In the book " Salt Lake”(1994) exposed the sadism and pathological cruelty of the Jewish Bolsheviks in the person of one of their brightest representatives A. Gaidar.

Soloukhin belongs to the merit of one of the founders social movement for the preservation of the national cultural heritage, historical monuments and memorable places.

A significant place after lyrical stories in Soloukhin's work was occupied by the sensationally polemic artistic and journalistic essays "Letters from the Russian Museum" (1966), "Black Planks" (1969) about ancient Russian art, in which Soloukhin raised the acute problems of saving and restoring dying monuments antiquity. Reflecting on the role of modern man in the progressive development of life, Soloukhin posed and developed the problems of his interaction with the land, nature, culture, and the heritage of the past. Soloukhin's traditional theme of "respect for tradition" became the basis of the books "Time to Gather Stones" (1980) and "Continuation of Time (Letters from Different Places)" (1988). In the latter, the writer shared his thoughts about the sad fate historical sites associated with the names of prominent figures of Russian national culture (essays on the estate of G.R.Derzhavin - Zvanka, on Blok's Shakhmatov, Optina Pustyn, associated with the names of Gogol, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy). Soloukhin called for an effective change in the existing situation in relation to the cultural heritage of the past - monuments of old architecture, painting, music. Soloukh's philosophy of patriotism was formed in Black Planks, Letters from the Russian Museum, and also in Slavic Notebook (1965). The main idea of ​​Soloukhin's fictional and journalistic books is the responsibility of a person for the preservation of spiritual wealth for future generations. Soloukhin was one of the founders of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Historical and Cultural Monuments, an active figure in the Russian Club, and in the 90s - one of the leaders of the movement for the restoration of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior.

At the end of the 50s-60s, Soloukhin widely turned to the small genre, created the stories "A Girl at the Seaside", "Icy Peaks of Mankind", "Varvara Ivanovna" and others, which reflect actual moral and ethical problems that explore the increasingly complex human connections in the modern world.

The autobiographical novel Stepmother (1964) is the first experience in this genre. It is dedicated to the life of the post-war students. Main character- a country boy, sergeant Mitya Zinushkin, serving in the capital. He enters the Literary Institute, finds himself in an unusual environment. Traced the difficult process of getting used to the hero in the urban world, and the hero-poet. The soul of Cinderella was looking for simplicity and naturalness of the relationship. It was important for Soloukhin to show the birth of the artist in the hero.

In the early 60s, Soloukhin experienced a spiritual breakthrough: "... I ... began to see clearly and, more precisely, received his sight." The story of this "epiphany" is told by the writer in his novel "The Last Step (Confessions of Your Contemporary)" (1976-95). Soloukhin called his novel "the main book", which, according to him, was written in 1976 "without looking back" (that is, without self-censorship) and lay in the writer's desk for almost 20 years (one of the chapters of the novel titled "Reading Lenin" was published by the German publishing house Posev in 1988). The entire novel was published in 1995. L. Leonov, who got acquainted with it in the manuscript, remarked: "In general, a man walks around Moscow with a hydrogen bomb in his briefcase and pretends that there is a bottle of cognac there." The "disgraced" work of Soloukhin is a confessional novel about the painful path of enlightenment of the Russian writer-nugget, about the fate of Russia in the 20th century, the essence of the Soviet system and the way of life in the era of "stagnation", about the fateful national issues "What is to be done?" and "Who is to blame?" The question of "Jewish dominance in Russia, of the striving of the Jewish leaders for world domination over humanity" is sharply raised. The pathos of "insight" is also noted for the acutely critical story "The Funeral of Stepanida Ivanovna" (1967, published in "Novy Mir" in 1987), and the story of childhood "Laughter behind the Left Shoulder" (1989), and the article "Obsession" (1991), a book about V.I. Lenin "In the Light of Day" (1992), the story "Salt Lake" - about the pathological cruelty of the Bolsheviks in the person of one of their brightest representatives A. Gaidar.

Soloukhin tried his hand at different genres: from the first poem "Rain in the Steppe" to "Wreath of Sonnets" - a complex form of fifteen sonnets. Famous poems by Soloukhin "Men" and "Slogans of Zhanna d Ark "set to music. The writer believed that within the limits of his profession one must be able to solve any problems, as he solved them within the genre framework of a story, a short story, a lyrical miniature (Pebbles in the Palm, 1977), a poem, a novel, a screenplay. In 1983-84, the publishing house "Khudozhestvennaya literatura" published the Collected Works of the writer in 4 volumes. In 1995, the publication of a 10-volume collected works began. The memoir "Chalice" was published posthumously.

Public speeches of V.A. Soloukhin during the "late perestroika" (the end of the 1980s) passed, in contrast to the official speeches of the past, already from the standpoint of idealizing pre-revolutionary Russia. In his article “Reading Lenin,” Soloukhin was one of the first to openly express the idea that it is necessary to reconsider the view of the figure of Lenin in the history of Russia. During the years of "perestroika", the idea was popular that the crimes of the era of Stalin's rule were "a perversion of Lenin's principles," while Soloukhin substantiated the opposite thesis - that they are a natural continuation of Lenin's policy.

Vladimir Soloukhin traveled a lot, his works have been translated into foreign languages. He left a great poetic legacy, among which the poem "Three bird cherry days" stands out. In the last years of his life, the author read "Cherryomukha" from the stage at all literary and artistic events where he was invited.

Vladimir Alekseevich was an unusually friendly and by no means an arrogant author, with whom it was easy to work. Goodwill was one of the hallmarks of his character. He was absolutely not envious, generous to those whom he sympathized with.

I am quiet and kind. Love with friends

Drink, eat. Alone

I love to stay with poetry

That awaken in me

He considered himself primarily a poet. He asked to be represented as nothing more than a "poet and prose writer", with "poet" in the first place.
He wrote in the morning, every day, making as a rule: two pages a day, no more - no less. But he said that if he felt the approach of the birth of a verse, he immediately put aside everything he was working on at that moment: an essay, a story, a novel. “I wrote prose myself, but poetry - it always seemed to me, under someone’s dictation,” he admitted. This is how the wonderful poems "Hawk", "Arrow", "Once upon a time", and others appeared.
Vladimir Soloukhin died on April 4, 1997 in Moscow. The funeral service was held in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow. Vladimir Soloukhin was the first to receive a service in the church after its opening.

Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia Alexy said the following words about Vladimir Alekseevich Soloukhin:

“Over the years of his life, the Lord judged Vladimir Alekseevich to do and survive a lot. However, in all life circumstances, he has always been an example of adherence to principles, honesty and loyalty to his vocation. He went through a long creative path full of many events and trials. Today V.A. Soloukhin is known as an outstanding writer of our time, who made his significant contribution to the treasury of world culture. The creation of highly artistic literary works, numerous performances in the Russian and foreign press, participation in many socially significant events, works on the reconstruction of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior - these and other things Vladimir Alekseevich successfully carried out throughout his life. And, apparently, providentially, that his funeral service was performed in a recreated All-Russian shrine. With his ascetic service to art, his wise word and good deed, he, through the talent given from God, convincingly testified of his love for Russia, adherence to high Christian ideals and faith in the great spiritual strength of our people. Therefore, Vladimir Alekseevich has earned a well-deserved prestige and recognition, and his inspired work has invariably attracted and attracts the attention of the cultural community. May the Lord rest his soul in the Heavenly villages and make him an eternal memory. "

Buried Vladimir Alekseevich Soloukhin in his native village Alepin.

.2 Methodical development of the excursion "To the Homeland of V. Soloukhin"

Introduction. The guide covers the topic of the excursion, the main points that are planned to be visited during the excursion.

Subtopic 1. Years of study in Vladimir

Route. Golden Gate - building of the Aviation Mechanical College - Yuryevets settlement

Display object: assignment of the Aviation Engineering College.

The technique used is a description, a story about the years of study of V. Soloukhin in Vladimir.

Logical transition: While studying in Vladimir, V. Soloukhin often came to his native village Alepino.

Subtopic 2. Childhood years of V. Soloukhin

Route: settlement Yuryevets - turn to Stavrovo.

Display object: Photos of S. Alepino, the house of the writer's parents. We use the event reconstruction technique.

Subtopic 3. Literary work of V. Soloukhin.

Route: turn to the item Stavrovo - s. Alepino.

Display objects: neighborhoods with. Alepino ("Vladimirskie Countryside"). Photos.

Upon arrival in the village. Alepino we show the house where V. Soloukhin lived, we walk through the village. Next stop is the village cemetery, the place where the writer is buried (memorial).

Conclusion.

Summing up the results of the excursion, answering questions.

2.3 Route scheme

The excursion is designed for 4 hours (including 1 hour 20 minutes from the point of departure "Golden Gate" - the village of Alepino and back).

Departure from the item "Golden Gate" at 10.00.

Vladimir nature, so richly and generously covered in the works of Soloukhin.

The excursion ends at the Golden Gate of Vladimir.

During the entire excursion, the guide reads poetry or part of V. Soloukhin's prose, from early work (from the beginning of the excursion) to later works.

Conclusions. So, in the second chapter of the work, the excursion "To the Homeland of V. Soloukhin" was developed. For this purpose, the biography of the writers was studied, the methodological development of the excursion was carried out, and the route scheme was also developed.

Conclusion

As a result of the research carried out in the work, the following conclusions were made.

By themselves, judgments about the essence of the excursion are extremely "young".

For the first time the concept of "the essence of excursion" was considered by the author of this textbook in 1976. 1... Then, in several editions prepared by the same author, the content of the concept was supplemented and received a more complete interpretation in the textbook "Basics of Guidance" (1985).

Throughout the development of the excursion business, scientists and practitioners-excursionists, trying to comprehend the meaning of excursions, their place in human education, wrote a lot about their content, effectiveness, etc. that they were on the right track.

Excursions can concretize existing knowledge, give new ones, develop the ability to approach phenomena from the life of nature and people, increase interest in what is being studied and cause feelings in the field of feelings.

While some direct the excursion primarily to ensure that it gives knowledge, others strive for it to help tourists develop the ability and skills to see works of art, natural phenomena, events from different areas of people's lives.

Skills development is another facet of the essence of the excursion.

A wide range of objects of display, multifaceted topics, well-developed methods of conducting excursions, professional skill of guides allow excursions to perform certain functions, each of which plays a large role in the upbringing and education of a person.

Any form of cultural and educational work has its own distinctive features. The main feature of the excursion is a high degree of clarity. Other signs are also important. They are not the same for different excursions (bus and walking, industrial and museum). However, it should be borne in mind that the above signs are required for any excursion.

The division of excursions into clearly defined groups in practice is somewhat arbitrary, but it is of great importance for the activities of excursion institutions. The correct classification of excursions provides conditions for better organization of the guide's work with clients, facilitates specialization, and creates the basis for the activities of methodological sections. Using the patterns of conducting excursions for a specific group helps to ensure that each excursion is prepared and effective. When developing new topics for excursions, the achievements of individual branches of knowledge are used with greater completeness and purposefulness.

The main task of the development of the subject of excursions is the fullest satisfaction of consumer demand for excursion services. To accomplish this task, the topic should be considered in three ways: as the topic of the excursion institution, which is built on the sum of the specialties of the guides; as a topic for a specific methodological section, built on the efforts of workers of one specialty (historical, literary, art history, natural history, etc.) and as a topic for a specific guide, which is based on the maximum use of his knowledge and experience, as a specialist in a particular industry.

The constant development of new interesting topics, the improvement of existing topics are one of the main reserves for the growth of the volume of excursion services provided to the consumer.

As regards the study of the biography of V.A. Soloukhin clarified the following.

Soloukhin Vladimir Alekseevich (1924-1997), poet, prose writer. Born June 14 in the village of Alepino, Vladimir Region, into a peasant family. After graduating from school, in 1938 - 42 he studied at an engineering school in Vladimir, received the specialty of a mechanic-instrumentalist. During the war, Soloukhin served in the special forces guarding the Kremlin. In 1946, having published his first poems in "Komsomolskaya Pravda" and realizing his vocation, he entered the Literary Institute. M. Gorky, who graduated in 1951. The first collection of poems "Rain in the Steppe" appeared in 1953. This was followed by the poetry collections "Crane" (1959), "Having flowers in his hands" (1962), "Living on earth" (1965) , in which, over time, the author's desire for a philosophical understanding of life grew stronger. Since 1951 he travels a lot around the country and foreign countries, publishing reports in various publications. The first separate book of essay prose "The Birth of Zernograd" was published in 1955; the next one - "The Golden Bottom" - in 1956. The book "Vladimirskie gorseloki" (1957) attracted serious attention of readers and critics, receiving the most approving responses. In 1964 he published his autobiographical novel "Mother Stepmother". A special place in Soloukhin's work is occupied by his artistic and journalistic books "Letters from the Russian Museum" (1966) and "Black boards" (1969). In 1964 - 81 he was a member of the editorial board of the magazine "Young Guard". Living in Moscow, Soloukhin did not break ties with his native places, the people there. In 1965 a collection of poems "From a lyrical standpoint" was published. In the 1970s, the books "Olepinsky Ponds" (1973) and "A Visit to 3 Vanki" (1975) were published. In the 1980s - “Time to collect stones” about Optina Monastery (a monastery near Kozelsk) and a collection of stories and essays “The Calamity with Pigeons”. The theme of Russian nature, the spiritual wealth of the people has always occupied the writer, he wrote about the need to preserve and protect them. V. Soloukhin died on April 5, 1997 in Moscow.

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