How to build an excursion. Business plan for conducting walking tours. - How does it happen? How the excursion is prepared

Photo: Official portal of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow

How to see among skyscrapers and cars ancient city? Where is the utopia house located? Who comes up with city tours and who goes on them? How to get the right route and make a person listen carefully? Larisa Skrypnik, a leading guide of the City Excursion Bureau of the Museum of Moscow, told the site about the pros and cons of the work of a guide, about the mysteries of Moscow and the best excursionists.

- It seems that everything has already been told about Moscow, all city labyrinths and nooks have been passed, and suddenly it appears new route, new excursion- how is this possible?

- The Museum of Moscow, where I work, is celebrating its 120th anniversary this year. And all these years the museum staff have been studying the city, its history, following all the changes that take place in the metropolis. There are thousands of documents, books, photographs in our collection that are still being researched. This alone gives many reasons for a new look even at the most trivial excursions.

There is, of course, a mandatory block of excursions. As a rule, it is sightseeing tour in Moscow, in Red Square, in the historic center, which are intended specifically for the first acquaintance with the city - for those who want to learn about the city in which they live. There are many of them - as experience shows, Muscovites often know the city poorly. It seems to a person: I am here, I will have time for everything - and he passes by interesting places without paying attention to them. But, when interest is shown, the person, as a rule, becomes ours. regular customer... That is, the one who came once begins to walk constantly. It is very joyful to see how the popularity of walking and bus excursions increases from year to year: more and more citizens want to know the maximum about the capital.

But there is another block of routes - those that we come up with on our own. These are always unusual walks in which we show the city from a new perspective. They can be thematic, timed to specific dates, events. So, we constantly have new routes around the unknown Moscow. We really want to show our beloved city from different sides; I would like the participants of the walks to fall in love with Moscow as much as we do. And such excursions, as a rule, are in great demand.

- Can you tell us more about such routes?

- There was an interesting story during the celebration of the anniversary of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. We were asked to come up with a walking tour of Gogol's places. Moreover, they asked to show not only the monuments to the writer, which are located at a distance of 400 meters from each other, not only the temple of Simeon the Stylite, of which Gogol was a parishioner, but something else unusual. In a sense, this is a challenge, I love such things very much. I had to do a walking tour and tell a lot about Gogol. As a result, with great interest for myself, I discovered more than 20 places associated with Nikolai Vasilyevich, on the Arbat. Not in Moscow as a whole, but only on the Arbat. Exclusive excursions are born, for example, from such an offer - to help someone with a topic.

Or, for example, an excursion dedicated to 1612 in Moscow. She was not particularly in demand, no one ever asked to drive to these places. But when the request did appear, it turned out that it was indeed a very interesting excursion. Of course, excursions are also born because you yourself really like something. I love architecture and of course I came up with a walking tour of Art Nouveau. Routes may appear after you've read an interesting book. Nowadays there are a lot of memoirs, all kinds of works by pre-revolutionary Moscow scholars, which we did not know before. You read - and suddenly you see the area completely different, not the way you imagined it, and you have an idea to make an excursion around this place and show Moscow from some, perhaps, unexpected side.

- How does it happen? How is the excursion prepared?

- First, the search for material begins: reading special literature, diaries, going to libraries and, of course, studying the area itself, which you are going to talk about. Sometimes, when you walk the streets, walk into alleys, into courtyards, you discover absolutely incredible treasures that people have not seen. For example, Nikitsky Boulevard is such a front street. But once, when I was preparing an excursion there, I saw a metal gate with a door, behind which it was written that there was a repair of shoes or some kind of hardware. In general, a completely unpresentable door. But when I entered this gateway, I realized that it was whole city with labyrinths. Who would have thought that this could be? People are always very interested in this. As if you are immersed in the past, and you can imagine how you would feel if you lived in this house and your windows looked out onto this courtyard….

- You said that you have developed a guided tour of Art Nouveau, but this is not quite a Moscow style, what are you showing?

- Since this is a walking tour, it passes between Ostozhenka, Prechistenka and in the lanes. This and tenement house Isakov Kekushevsky, and the own house of the architect Kekushev. This is also the apartment house of the peasant Loskov. We had such wonderful peasants who could invite the best architects and build houses in the Northern Art Nouveau style. There are really not many of them in Moscow, basically this style is widespread in St. Petersburg.

- It seems to me that the most difficult thing in your work is to make people listen, not all guides and not always succeed.

- You just need to know and understand: people cannot endlessly listen to a set of some facts, even if they are interesting enough, they still need some kind of relaxation. But it is important not just to giggle about something, but that it is tied to the topic. And by the way, on excursions sometimes the participants themselves help to find such relaxing moments. Once, on a tour of the Arbat and Arbat lanes, I had a wonderful girl of about seven years old. On the Arbat, every building has a history, and I want to tell you about everything. I started talking about the house with the knights opposite Tetr Vakhtangov and said that, unfortunately, not all of the knights survived, and this girl tells me: "But I can tell where this knight has gone." I ask: where? She says: “The fact is that he fell in love with this princess - and the Vakhtangov Theater has the Princess Turandot fountain, - he fell in love, went downstairs, bought her jewelry, but she did not accept the gift. Therefore, the knight was upset and left. " This is lovely! Now I always tell this, such a vivid perception by a child of Moscow with its history.

- How long does it take to prepare an excursion?

- It depends on the topic. There are those for which a huge amount of literature has been written, and here you just need to select what you are interested in. There are topics that require serious preparation, maybe even inquiries, meetings with some people who have information on a particular area. The residents themselves tell interesting things. It is always a lot of work.

The selection of material is one of the most exciting moments, and here it is important to control yourself. You search, read, and it is so fascinating that by three o'clock in the morning you can be somewhere in general on the other side of Moscow. Because when you prepare material, one fact clings to another: but the last name slipped through, but not to clarify ... It is very difficult, but even more difficult to choose something when you have collected a huge amount of material and understand that it is impossible to tell everything , - it is always a pity to remove some of the information.

Then comes another very important point: you must link all the objects ... It is clear, if the excursion is thematic, for example, our "Moscow Ambassadorial", then everything is more or less clear. And if this is an excursion along the street and there are absolutely dissimilar buildings, completely different stories, but you have to connect them in some way to each other, you have to get a story.

I had a wonderful excursion, I led her along Volkhonka, and one of the excursionists, as an intelligent person, warned me in advance that she needed to pick up the child from the kindergarten, so she would leave in 50 minutes quietly in English. And I am leading the tour and I understand that 50 minutes have passed, an hour has passed, and the woman is still with us. And I say to her: "Excuse me, please, but it seems to you that the child should be taken from the kindergarten." She says: “You understand, I just can't leave. You finish telling and you are so engaging with the next that we will now see further that I cannot leave in any way. " That was the right excursion, since it happened so.

There are also purely technical moments, special ones, which also need to be taken into account: how to stand up correctly so that everyone can hear you, so that you can react to the expression on your face, eyes, so that you can see the tourists and at the same time do not interfere with them seeing objects; how to stand up to show the object as much as possible; how to stand up so that you can talk about several objects without leaving your seat. When preparing a tour, it takes extra time. For example, I walk down the street and begin, to the surprise of passers-by, to run from one place to another, cross the street, come back, in order to understand where it is better for me to put the group. And here you need to show your imagination.

There are many other nuances. For example, you need to take into account the location of pedestrian crossings: where they are located, is it convenient for you to cross from this side to the opposite, so that you do not return to this crossing through another crossing, somehow go further along the route, because people are not interested in the same place to walk back and forth. In general, this is a very big job in fact.

- Let's try to name the pluses and minuses of your profession.

- I was asked this question on excursions ... But it turns out that the minuses turn into pluses. Of course, this is a job that requires a lot of physical exertion, because you need to move a lot both in the preparation process and during the excursion. And they sometimes last two or three hours, and sometimes six or seven.

The weather that we do not choose, and our Moscow weather does not please, let's say, most of the year. Further - that you always work, because you have to be in the subject of modern Moscow, to know everything new that appears, new books about Moscow, new information, new objects. There is so much material that you can never master it completely, but you always strive for it. As a result, you constantly train your memory, your mind, you are always on the move and constantly in the fresh air.

And also people are different, and you make a lot of effort in order to keep your attention. When this happens, I feel a tremendous moral upsurge, because I give my energy to people, and they in return - theirs. After the excursion, I always feel emotionally charged. Everything is interconnected here, and if you like it, then you enjoy it more.

The city excursion bureau has developed more than 80 topics dedicated to the history and modernity of Moscow and its famous citizens.

Introduction.

Hello dear friends. My name is Anna. And today I am your guide. We are with you today gathered in order to listen to a very interesting excursion. The topic of our excursion is "Malakhov Kurgan monument - two defenses"... The route of our excursion passes through the territory of the Malakhov Kurgan, here you will see many monuments, guns, a defensive tower, the places of mortal wounds of Nakhimov and Kornilov, the only tree that survived the Second World War. I will ask you to keep up with the group, during the excursion I will answer your questions.

Well, now let's get back to the topic of our Excursion !! Malakhov Kurgan is not easy historical monument, this is a sacred land for every citizen of Sevastopol, here the fate of the first defense of Sevastopol was decided. The name of the mound, as one of the versions explains, is associated with the name of a retired naval sailor Mikhail Malakhov, who was a highly respected person on the Korabelnaya side, one of the first to settle at the foot of the mound. His house stood on the slope of this mound. People often came to Malakhov for advice, help, for a trial: he was an honest and just man. So they said: "Let's go to the mound, to Malakhov." Kurgan gradually began to be called by his name.

The outwardly mound may not be very impressive - a hill is like a hill. Its height is only 97 meters above sea level, but the glory of the mound is great. Within one hundred years, the mound twice became the arena of the most fierce battles.

During the defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855 Malakhov Kurgan, dominating the surrounding area, was the key position of the left flank of the defense. There was also the main bastion of the Ship Side, which, after the death of Vice Admiral V.A. Kornilov began to be called Kornilovsky.

Here the French troops conducted the most violent assaults. However, the enemy managed to take possession of the mound only after eleven months of fighting, when the defensive structures were demolished by many days of artillery bombardment and the forces of its defenders were exhausted. The loss of Malakhov's mound predetermined the outcome of the 11-month defense of the city.

During the period of defense, there were nine batteries on the Malakhov Kurgan, two of them were reproduced in 1958. They are equipped with genuine ship cannons from the Crimean War era. The cannons are cast from cast iron and weigh from two to seven tons. A lot of effort had to be made by the sailors to drag them to the bastions. The cannons fired solid and explosive (bomb) cannonballs. Despite the imperfection of weapons and the need of the defenders in literally everything, the two powerful imperial powers could not take Sevastopol for almost a year.

The enemy managed to undertake the first assault on the city only nine months after the start of the siege, on June 6, 1855. This assault was heroically repulsed by the defenders of Sevastopol. Tells about the events of this day Panorama of the defense of Sevastopol, located on the former fourth bastion.

Many outstanding heroes of the defense fought on the Malakhov Kurgan: admirals Nakhimov, Kornilov, Istomin, sister of mercy Dasha Sevastopolskaya, sailor Koshka, a participant in many sorties into the camp of the enemy. At night, brave hunters (as they were called) captured trophies, prisoners, destroyed enemy fortifications, and most importantly, it was a very powerful psychological weapon. After the Crimean War, the name "Malakhov Kurgan" became known all over the world. In 1856, the French Marshal Pelissier, who commanded the French army in the Crimea in 1855-1856, was awarded the title "Duke of Malakhovsky". There is a fort Malakhov in Germany, small town near Paris began to be called "Malakoff".

The mound became famous during second defense of Sevastopol. Therefore, Malakhov Kurgan - memorial Complex monuments of two wars: the Crimean and the Great Patriotic War.

Main part

Now we are at the main entrance to the Malakhov Kurgan. Arch adorns a massive Doric portico with dates on the frieze: 1854-1855. Wide main staircase leads to the top of the mound. The staircase bifurcates and reconnects to form a large lawn with a manicured lawn. From here you can see the whole of Sevastopol: the central part of the city; Vladimirsky Cathedral - the tomb of admirals, three of whom died here, on the Malakhov Kurgan; open sea; Konstantinovskaya battery at the entrance to the Sevastopol Bay; The northern side of Sevastopol, crowned with the pyramid of the church of St. Nicholas at the Bratsk cemetery. Now we will climb these stairs

Now we are on the first wide horizontal platform, on which there are two monuments. The one on the left - during the Crimean War, on the right - the Great Patriotic War. Let's go to the monument to the right. This a monument to the pilots of the 8th Air Army, who in May 1944 liberated Sevastopol from the Nazis. It was commanded by Major General Khryukin. As part of the army, the women's night bomber regiment fought under the command of Evdokia Bershanskaya. The girls flew on airplanes with PO-2 percale wings, flew out only at night, since the airplanes were imperfect, in the event of a shell hit they burned like matches. On these planes, the pilots terrified the enemy, the Nazis called them night witches. More than forty female pilots of the regiment
were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The monument is a granite rock from which a fighter "takes off". One of the best fighters of the Second World Yak-3 was used as a prototype for the memorial aircraft. The monument was erected by military builders in July 1944, restored in 1994. Near the monument, granite boards are installed, on which the flight formations and units that participated in the liberation of Sevastopol are listed.

Now let's follow to the left side of the site. Here is a small white marble monument , established in 1892 abovea common grave of Russian and French soldiers . The soldiers who died in the last battle on the Malakhov Kurgan on August 27, 1855 rest in it.

When, on the last day of the first defense, the French broke into the Malakhov Kurgan, the Russians launched several counterattacks, fought selflessly, as a result, losses were very large on one side and on the other. Those killed in this battle were buried in one grave. They were buried by the French, who highly appreciated the courage of their opponents.

A black stele with a black cross rises above the white pedestal. The symbolism of flowers is explained by the inscription in French, embossed on the back of the monument: "They were inspired by victory and united by death. Such is the glory of the brave, such is the lot of the soldier." The words are engraved on the face of the monument: "Monument to the Russian and French soldiers who fell on the Malakhov Kurgan during the defense and attack on August 27, 1855."

During the Great Patriotic War, the monument was badly damaged and restored in 1960.

The main alley of the Malakhov Kurgan begins from this site, which the French soldiers called "devilish"; its age is already approaching fifty years. Trees on this alley were planted by party, state and public figures of the USSR and foreign countries, Heroes of the Soviet Union, cosmonauts (including Yuri Gagarin). Previously, there were signs near the trees, on which the names were written. This alley was called Alley of Friendship.

Now let's go along the alley. So on the left you see a powerful naval weapon . This is a genuine ship cannon from the Second World War. The caliber of the gun is 130 mm, the firing range is 20 km. At this place stood the second gun (ahead of the trees - the first). In October 1941, the destroyer "Perfect" was blown up by a Nazi mine. The guns were removed from it and installed on land. So was created battery "Malakhov Kurgan". The guns were served by the destroyer sailors (60 people), the battery was commanded by Lieutenant Commander Matyukhin. This is what the batteries were called - "Matyukhintsy". The battery provided support to our units on the Mekenziev mountains (16 km to the north), on the northern side of the city.

The Matyukhins fought until the last days of the defense. On June 30, 1942, the Nazis captured the Malakhov Kurgan. The forces were unequal. Those who survived went to the south-west of Sevastopol and continued to fight there. Many suffered the fate of other defenders of the city: they were captured. The cannons you see have been removed from the destroyer Boyky. They are exactly the same as they were on the destroyer "Perfect", and stand here as monuments to the sailors who defended Sevastopol.

Going a little further we see unusual monument. Thismonument tree - old almond , he survived the Great Patriotic War... When Sevastopol was liberated, even the earth was burnt on the Malakhov Kurgan, of course, all the greenery died, and only a small burnt almond tree survived and blossomed. There is only one live branch left on it. But every spring it is covered with white flowers, symbolizing the triumph of life over death.

Now pay attention to the center of the alley, in it is installed bronze relief map of the Malakhov Kurgan bastion ( architect A. Schaeffer). The map shows batteries, powder depots, shelters - everything that was here during the defense of 1854-1855. In the area of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe angle directed towards the enemy, the so-called outgoing, is indicated Defensive tower , which is now located branch of the Museum of Heroic Defense and Liberation of Sevastopol.

Let's go to the Defense Tower. This donjon tower is the only stone defensive structure on the bastion. It was built in the summer of 1854 at the expense of the residents of Sevastopol according to the project of the military engineer F.A. Starchenko. A tower was built of Inkerman stone. The thickness of the walls of the lower tier was 152 cm, the upper one - 88 cm. The tower had 52 loopholes on two tiers, and five fortress eighteen-pound cannons were installed on the upper platform. The tower has a memorial plaque with the names of the regiments and units that defended the Malakhov Kurgan during the first defense.

On October 5, 1854, during the first bombardment of Sevastopol, the upper tier of the tower was demolished by enemy shells, while the lower one served as a shelter. It housed a dressing station, a powder store, a camp church and the headquarters of Rear Admiral V.I. Istomin, who commanded the fourth distance of the defensive line (which included the Malakhov Kurgan). March 7, 1855 Istomin inspected the outrigger fortification of the Malakhov Kurgan, the so-called Kamchatka lunette (in front of the defensive tower), where he was killed on the spot by an enemy cannonball that hit him in the head. It was a great loss for the defenders of Sevastopol.

To the left of the tower, you see the Anti-Assault Battery. At this place, during the war, there was a 1803 model ship cannon. Now let's go up the road behind the tower. Here you can see the Battery on the glacis, there is also a marble slab here, marking the place of the fatal wound of Admiral Nakhimov

On June 28, 1855, Nakhimov stood on glacis and watched the positions of the French. As always, the admiral was in uniform with golden epaulettes, representing a good target for the French riflemen (the union is a rifle gun). The commander of the fourth distance, which included Malakhov Kurgan, Captain First Rank F.S. Kern (a relative of Anna Kern) asked him to go down to the shelter, Nakhimov rather abruptly refused. Several bullets hit the parapet nearby, he managed to say: “They are shooting quite well today,” when one of the bullets hit him in the left temple. No efforts of the doctors could save the admiral, and two days later, without regaining consciousness, Nakhimov died.

On this day, the whole of Sevastopol mourned. An eyewitness wrote that there was no person in the city who would not gladly give his life for the life of an admiral. On July 1, Pavel Stepanovich was buried next to his unforgettable teacher Lazarev and his comrades in arms, Kornilov and Istomin, who died on the Malakhov Kurgan. In the obituary of Nakhimov it is said: "Peace be upon your ashes, intelligent, skillful and experienced, passionately in love with his art and his subordinates, equally loved by them, always cold-blooded courageous, kind-hearted, great in mind and courage, honest, generous person!" Admiral Nakhimov wrote: “completely devoted to the service, he did not know outside of it and had no interests.” He devoted himself entirely to the naval service, did not start a family. "Everything here is so clearly and strongly inspired by the soul and strength of Nakhimov that it is impossible not to realize that he really personifies the present era, and it is impossible to imagine what would have happened without him ..." because he took his own apartment for an infirmary for the wounded, and the admiral's personal money went to help the families of sailors.His courage and contempt for death were legendary. was expected by a loud, enthusiastic "Hurray!" The soul of the Sevastopol defense died with Nakhimov.

Proceeding further you see the batteries of Senyavin, Emelyanov. To the right of the batteries is a monument to Kornilov, installed at the site of Kornilov's injury (architect A. Bilderling, sculptor academician I. Schroeder). On the pedestal, the top of which reflects part of the fortification, is the figure of a mortally wounded admiral. With his right hand, he points to the city, his words, spoken before his death, are inscribed below, sound like a call or even an order: "Defend Sevastopol!" On the right - the figure of an artillery sailor, who is given a resemblance to the famous hero sailor P. Koshka. At the foot of the monument there is a cross, laid out by the order of Nakhimov by Sevastopol cabin boys from enemy cannonballs.

Admiral Kornilov was wounded on the day of the first bombing of Sevastopol, October 5, 1854, at about 11 o'clock. Kornilov arrived at the Malakhov Kurgan, examined the tower, the fortifications and went to the horse to continue the survey, but then an enemy core crushed his left leg at the groin. On the same day at half past four, Vice Admiral Kornilov died. When the defense began, Kornilov was chief of staff of the Black Sea Fleet. He led the defense, being an excellent organizer, did a lot to build defensive fortifications, to organize the defense as a whole. Despite the fact that Kornilov died at the very beginning of the defense, his merits were great, and the loss for Sevastopol was very great.

The words of the dying Kornilov inscribed on the pedestal enraged the fascist invaders, who paid a terrible price for the capture of Sevastopol. Therefore, they destroyed the monument: they took out the bronze, and blew up the pedestal. A monument dedicated to the 200th anniversary of Sevastopol has been restored. The original version of the monument was taken as a basis, the model of which is stored in Naval Museum Petersburg. Malakhov Kurgan is a place of exploit of hundreds, thousands of city defenders. Note that among those who fought on the Malakhov Kurgan was the father of the “red lieutenant” Pyotr Schmidt - P.P. Schmidt, who commanded the anti-storm battery, and together with the famous N.I. Pirogov and Professor of Kiev University H.Ya. Gubbenet fought for the lives of the wounded and Schmidt's mother E.Ya. Wagner.

Conclusion

So, our tour has come to an end. Thank you all for your attention. You are very good listeners. I am ready to answer your questions.

PLAN CONSIDERATION OF THE MASTER CLASS

"HOW TO PREPARE AND CARRY OUT AN EXCURSION TO THE MUSEUM"

Target: familiarizing teachers with the main aspects of work experience

on organizing and conducting excursions in the school local history museum.

Master class objectives:

To convey your experience through direct and commented demonstration of the sequence of actions, methods, techniques and forms of pedagogical activity;

Joint development of methodological approaches and techniques for solving the problem;

Create an emotional positive attitude towards business cooperation, stimulate the activity of participants through the inclusion of teachers in work in subgroups;

Reflection of their own professional skills by the participants of the master class.

Equipment: multimedia installation, museum exhibits, texts, documents, handouts.

Plan

Organizational and motivational stage (induction)

Experience presentation

Creating a problem situation

Simulation (simulated game)

Physical education

Advertising

Summarizing

Reflection

Master class progress

Organizational and motivational stage

Greetings to the participants of the master class.

Topic announcement.

Joint goal-setting.

What needs to be done to prepare and conduct a tour of the museum?

As an epigraph for today's meeting, I chose a poem

"Free talk":
- Let's talk?- About what?- About miscellaneous and so on.- About what is good,- And not very good.- You know something.

- And something I know.- Let's talk?- Let's talk.- Suddenly it will be interesting.

II ... Experience presentation

This is our 1st lesson, in which we will get to know the local history museum high school No. 1, its sections. On your tables lie Business Cards museum. During an extramural excursion to our school local history museum, you will get to know him in more detail.

( Presentation about the school local history museum of the State Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 1, Starye Dorogi named after the Hero of the Soviet Union F.F. Kulikov " ).

Creating a problem situation

And now the time has come to set the task for our meeting. In the course of your work, we will select guides, researchers, journalists, those without whom it is impossible to imagine the activities of any museum.

Before going on an excursion, I want to treat you and invite you to our museum. (Participants are encouraged to choose a candy)

Now I will ask you to take a seat at the table that matches the color of your section.

We are not with you in our museum, but you have a unique opportunity to visit it not only virtually through a presentation, but also to really see, evaluate and work with exhibits using a mobile museum - “Museum in a Suitcase”. What do you think can fit in such a small suitcase??

I would like to invite you to learn how to evaluate a museum piece together, give it characteristics and talk about it. It is not for nothing that there is a saying: "Things speak!"

Participants of the master class are invited to work together with the master.

Without fully studying it, it is impossible to judge the subject as a whole. We would like to draw your attention to one of the exhibits of our school local history museum - glak (vessel). Our task is to describe it and find out where, when, by whom, what it was used for and what material was used to make it. We must apply the information received in order to compose the text of the excursion and conduct it.

Modeling

(Group work)

I. On the tables are museum exhibits, documents, texts.

Each group needs:

1. Compose a story with a display of the exhibit with explanations (for journalists)

2. Get acquainted with archival documents and draw a conclusion (for researchers)

3.According to the proposed text, conduct an excursion in your section (for guides)

1 group ( Literary Starodorozhchina) (books by old town authors: K.Tsvirko, A.Usenya)

2nd group (There was a people's war) (cap, letters from the front)

Group 3 (Folk crafts) (belt, pottery bowl)

4 group (Matulya-school) (pen with inkwell, petition to open a school)

5 group (Starodorozhsky land) (the book "Old Roads", a stone with a hole (tool) 2-1 thousand BC).

Physical education

Advertising

(Presentation of the group work of the participants of the master class)

Summarizing

1 . Upon completion of the work, everyone is awarded the title:

guide,

researcher,

journalist.

2. Joint practical work

The emblem of the local history circle. In order to preserve the memories of visiting various interesting places in their memory for a long time, people usually acquire objects depicting some objects of the area where they have been. We will also assemble the emblem of our educational institution together with you. Putting a high school emblem out of the mosaic

№ 1. Each group has a puzzle piece on the table for a single picture.(We glue it on a large Whatman paper).

So I believe that after our master class you got an idea of ​​what the job of a museum worker is. After your own attempts to describe the exhibit, compose a story about it and apply it during the excursion, you will be remembered for a long time.

Reflection

Game "Suitcase of WISHES"

To each participant in turn: all the group members put together a “suitcase of wishes” at parting, putting in it the exhibits with which they worked. Everyone speaks and be sure to express their admiration for the positive aspects of the personality and formulates their wishes.

What did you get from the master class?

Did your hopes come true?

Many thanks to work.

One thing is undeniable:

Even though you don't go out into the world,

And in the field outside the outskirts, -

While you follow someone,

The road will not be remembered.

But wherever you go

And what a muddy road

The road that I myself was looking for

It will never be forgotten.

I want you to let everything you hear through your heart, then you will succeed.

Narrowed towards the top, wide rounded at the bottom

Satisfy.

Milk storage

Narrowed towards the top, wide rounded shape at the bottom

Satisfy.

Milk storage

Satisfy.

Milk storage

trades

Narrowed towards the top, wide rounded at the bottom

Satisfy.

Milk storage

Narrowed towards the top, wide rounded at the bottom

Satisfy.

Milk storage

Narrow, self-woven from colored threads

Satisfy.

Wearing clothes

wide rounded shape

Satisfy.

For food

Pen with grip, square inkwell with nib stand

Satisfy.

Writing texts

letter

Copy

School opening

"Old Drogi"

Book with illustrations of the city

Satisfy.

Exploring the history of the city

Stone with a hole inside for the handle

Satisfy.

Processing of skins

Stone tool: To.II- early.Ithousand BC, the village of Levki, Starodorozhsky district, during the field work of students

Book "Old Roads": a gift from the teacher of history, Stanilevich I.M.

Letter of application for opening a school:

Feather with inkwell: To.XIX- early.XXcentury, student gift

Pottery bowl: To.XIX- early.XXcentury, a gift to the museum from a local resident of the village of Starye Dorogi

Woven belt: earlyXXcentury, a gift to the museum from a local resident of the village of Zaluzhie

Pilot:

Letters from the front:

K. Tsvirko:

A. Usenya:

I drink coffee and stick cloves in oranges - getting ready for the excursion ..

The aromas of citrus and cloves remind others of winter. People passing by my table are smiling. The orange-clove therapy works on me too: I happily run out into the street, and there is snow ... the first this year.

Hello Christmas excursion! No, today is a birthday. Children are wonderful and parents are amazing!

I am often offered to conduct excursions with children, considering it something rather difficult. In my opinion, a children's excursion is an amazing business, simple and complex at the same time, but it is important that you immediately feel the return, gratitude and love from the children.

What is the most important thing in a children's excursion?

A few tips for mums, dads, grandparents who walk around St. Petersburg with their children and want their children to listen and hear your historical stories:

1. Think in vivid images that are understandable to children.

First, you yourself must see the image of what you are talking about. The picture should be in color, detailed and evoke feelings for you personally.

For example, the gardener Eliseev grew strawberries in the greenhouse for Count Sheremetyev on Christmas Day. The guests are in amazement, the count in excitement exclaims: "Ask what you want!"

I can imagine everything very vividly: the count's camisole, and a wicker basket, and snow outside the window, frost down to -40 ° C and the aroma of strawberries. Therefore, it is easy to tell. And by themselves questions are born to the children: "What happened next, what do you think?" If the picture is bright, then the guys easily come up with and immerse themselves in history. Where did the Eliseevs go when they became free? What did they do? Was it easy for them in Petersburg? What would you do in their place if you had 100 rubles? And then it would be good to go from words to deeds.

2. Find a thing, a detail that characterizes your character, a story.

It is easier, of course, to use an illustration, a picture, a photograph. But the best thing is to find a thing that you can touch, smell, guess the riddle associated with it. For example, with the merchants Eliseevs, I give the guys an orange, on which the letters of the surname are lined with carnations. The letters are scattered and they must be used to form a word (Eliseev began to trade in oranges on Nevsky Prospekt).

Talking about Peter I, I like to give children a map of the area of ​​St. Petersburg in the 18th century, and I propose to lay out an approximate plan of the city (this is for older children, of course). When we go to the Photo Salon, I give a photo and offer to find the point from which it was taken. V Summer garden I invite the guys to sculpt some of the sculptures on their own. Everything that the children touched, made efforts to solve - they will remember them for a long time.

It is not easy to find what falls into the top ten, as they say, but the process itself is worth it! For me personally, this is the most interesting thing about the excursion: the process of finding that very historical detail.

3. Less is better, but better.

Children do not remember the date, especially when they stand, listen to even the most interesting stories on the strength of 5-7 minutes. Therefore, the entire historical story should be packed in 15-20 minutes, and the entire excursion in 1.5 hours maximum.

And after such a dive, leave the children with the desire to learn more, but on their own. Not "that I told you everything, but I also remembered, listen to me carefully." Not! Fill your conversation with dialogue, searching, running, photographing, and discovering places.

4. Encouragement, prize, tasty treat at the end of the historic walk.

After the excursion, we go for lunch, dinner or afternoon tea. It's great if the food you offer the guys is relevant to today's walk. Let not all, but again the detail will be remembered for a long time and will make the meal "historical" and fascinating. And even if you feel that the children are tired of historical information, you can simply say that our hero loved just that.

If you have boys and you have visited the Suvorov Museum, then eating buckwheat porridge and cabbage soup in bread is a must. And if emperors are your heroes, take a lace napkin and a couple of porcelain plates with you. Even on military campaigns, the emperors ate simply, but always with silver and on porcelain. And this day will be special.

5. And the last, my favorite: it is easy to forget everything that is told to you and everything that is shown, but we will never forget the atmosphere when we feel good.

Be surprised, play, discover the story with the children! Love for the city is within us, and the child feels and understands everything, just talking about this love must be creative. I have about the same approach to adult excursions. And even if colleagues in the shop do not always understand this, it is very exciting to wake up the inner child in a serious adult!

On the splash screen is a fragment of a photo jasoncedit / Flickr / CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

An excursion, as we have already found out, is both a method of relaxation and a method of cognition. new information... In connection with such two-sidedness, special methodological techniques are being developed for conducting an excursion. The main emphasis in the excursion is made on the show, on the acquaintance of sightseers with new objects for them, on brief comments to the show.

When conducting an excursion, the following general methodological techniques are used: reception of the main show, reception of a preliminary examination, reception of a mental reconstruction of an excursion object, reception of mental reconstruction of a historical background, a method of comparison, reception of abstraction, reception of a discussion, reception of a reportage, reception of complicity, reception of personification, reception of a problem situation , reception of a retreat, reception of activation of attention, the use of visual aids from the "guide's portfolio", showing and characteristics of the object in the direction of the bus, panoramic display, a brief description of the displayed object, brief information about a unique historical or natural site, detailed description features of the object, explanations and comments during the excursion, the inclusion of bright quotes in the story, taking pauses, answering questions from tourists.

When developing an excursion, the guide should take into account that:

o the maximum number of objects that can be perceived by adult excursionists is 30, children - no more than 15; the maximum time for a continuous excursion story is 15 minutes for adults and 10 minutes for children;

maximum display time for one excursion object - 4 minutes;

For every hour of the guide's story, a 10-minute pause is possible.

Methodological techniques for conducting, their use and features depend on: the form of the tour, the content and topics of the excursion, the composition of the group, the venue, the method of travel.

1. Choice methodological techniques depending on the form of the excursion. The form of the excursion (educational excursion, excursion-conversation, excursion-game, excursion-walk, excursion-performance, etc.) significantly affects the possibility and necessity of using certain methodological techniques.

On the most common cognitive excursion (previously they were called educational), almost all techniques are used, their use and alternation depend on other decisive factors.

In a conversation tour (most often this form is used to conduct individual excursion) the methods of the main display, comparisons, abstraction, short comments, reception of answers to questions from tourists will be optimal.

In the excursion-game, most often conducted for younger schoolchildren, vivid comparisons, activation of the imagination, panoramic display, the inclusion of additional display objects (films, computer clips, archaeological finds) will help keep the attention of children.

During an excursion-walk, to keep the attention of children, the guide tries to influence not only visual and auditory sensations, but also tactile ones. For example, excursionists are given the task to collect a small herbarium, find a fossil on their own, etc.

2. The choice of methodological techniques depending on the composition of the group. As you know, the most inquisitive groups are middle-aged schoolchildren and adults. Participant students have low attention.

In children's groups, it is advisable to use the techniques of the main display, short comments, techniques of comparison and mental reconstruction; at the same time, it is undesirable to pause often and for a long time, due to which concentration of attention is weakened.

In adult groups, in addition to the main show and a more detailed story, methods of abstraction, historical reconstruction, complicity, reporting, personification are used. In individual adult groups, it is optimal to use the method of conversation and reception of comments during the show.

An experienced guide always “feels” his group and, depending on its mood, intellectual preparation and other factors, applies certain methodological techniques.

3. The choice of methodological techniques depending on the location of the excursion. An excursion in the city does not require any special methodological techniques, while out-of-town excursion is carried out according to its own laws. In this case, it is best to use the techniques of comparison, reporting, a problem situation, panoramic display.

In museum excursions using expositions, the best will be a combination of methods of display and story, a method of mentally creating a historical background, a method of personification and a method of explanation.

When conducting thematic excursion in the museum under open air the optimal methods will be the techniques of the main display, comments on objects, brief explanations, techniques of abstraction, reporting, the method of providing brief information about the uniqueness of this or that exhibit.

4. The choice of methodological techniques depending on the method of movement. It is clear that a bus tour without getting off the bus will be strikingly different from a regular walking tour or museum tour.

Regarding the bus excursion with stops at certain places clear rules have been developed that regulate boarding the bus, showing and telling in the direction of travel, exits from the bus. The best techniques when moving on the bus: the reception of the show with comments, the reception of comparisons, the reception of abstraction, the reception of using visual aids from the "guide's portfolio", the reception of comments and methods of activating attention.

When walking on foot, the guide should not speak during the transition from one object to another. Walking tours use the methods of preliminary examination, detailed display and commentary, the method of comparison, the method of abstraction, the method of complicity, the method of personification.

5. The choice of methodological techniques depending on the content of the excursion and its topic. In city sightseeing excursions, it is possible to use all existing methodological techniques. Some features are inherent in the techniques used in thematic excursions. So, in a historical excursion, you can use almost all methods, but the best methods will be the methods of mental reconstruction of the historical background, the method of the main display and the method of comparison. During a botanical excursion, for example natural park, it is advisable to use the method of the main display, the reception of comments, the method of comparison. When conducting an ecological excursion, reception of a problem situation, reception of the main show, reception of complicity, reception of a reportage will bring success. The religious excursion will be more efficient using the techniques of the main screening and short commentary on it; it is possible to use the technique of complicity and mental reconstruction of the historical background. It should be borne in mind that it is not very ethical to lead the story directly in the temple, but it is better to limit ourselves to small explanations and provide most of the information to the excursionists on the bus in advance or after visiting the temple.

A production excursion is, first of all, a reception of a reportage, a reception of complicity, a reception of the main screening, a reception of a problem situation, a reception of a discussion. In a literary excursion, it is worth using the method of the main display and comments, the method of personification, the method of quotations, the method of retreat. When conducting a theatrical excursion, one cannot do without the reception of a mental reconstruction of the historical background, the reception of abstraction, the reception of a reportage, the reception of complicity.

Features of displaying objects in the course of the bus without stopping and exiting the bus. Such a show is typical for an excursion group traveling from their place of residence (for example, from a hotel outside the city limits) to the old part of the city in order to visit the local museum. The excursion route does not imply stops, and the story of the guide is conducted directly while driving. The display of objects in the direction of travel must be prepared in advance. The guide may first give brief description object, and then show it (the story either precedes the show, or smoothly "wraps around" it). The guide's comments should be structured in such a way as to orient the tourists in advance on the appearance of the object of interest and its location.

• 1. “Peter I stayed in our city during one of the Azov campaigns. Now on the right, in the direction of the bus, you can see the temple, which was visited by the Russian tsar during his short stay in our city. "
• 2. “The Volga is the pride of our country, and we are especially proud that the sources of this great river are in our region. Ahead, in the direction of the bus, you can see the main channel of the Volga, and the bridge over which we are passing is one of 5 bridges in our city. It was built according to the project of the famous St. Petersburg architect. "
• 3. “In a few minutes we will arrive at the landing site of the world's first cosmonaut Yu.A. Gagarin. At the moment we are passing along the alley of poplars planted for the 10th anniversary of the first flight into space ”.

Panoramic display. The ability to show the city, the beauty of the surrounding nature or any architectural complex With high point is a decoration of the excursion. A panoramic display can serve as a bright start to an excursion, be its culmination or a finishing touch. In any case, a panoramic view allows you to create a more complete impression of everything seen and heard. It is advisable, after the panoramic screening, to provide the excursionists with the opportunity to ask questions (no more than 5 minutes).

The most beautiful panoramas open from observation deck in the mountains on the picturesque foothills, city panoramas also have a strong emotional impact. In excursions around Moscow, excursion groups often bring to Vorobyovy Gory, from which a beautiful panorama of the capital opens; perfectly visible most of Moscow and from observation deck Ostankino tower. In those cities where there is no sublime natural places, for a panoramic display, bell towers, preserved fortresses, high-rise buildings, etc. can be used. So, in St. Petersburg, guests of the city are often shown a panorama of the city from the height of the observation deck of St. Isaac's Cathedral.

• 1. Panoramic display before the start of the excursion (the panoramic platform is located on one of the low mountains surrounding the city): “Before you is the Volga city, surrounded on three sides by mountains. You can see the old part of the city on the Volga coast, where ancient buildings and temples have been preserved. The largest temple with a high bell tower is Cathedral of our city, it was built 100 years ago by a local architect. From here you can see several small city parks, green alleys along many streets. The construction of the city was carried out in such a way that all the central streets intersect with each other exclusively at right angles. The central part of the city resembles a chessboard viewed from above. To the right of the cathedral, you can see the old bridge over the Volga. Its length is 3.5 km and it is one of the largest bridges in Europe. New sleeping areas are located in the plains between the mountains, but our goal is the old part of the city and the Volga embankment. We leave for the bus and continue our journey. "
• 2. Panoramic display as a culminating moment: “We got to know the history of the city, its main architectural and historical sights. And now you have the opportunity to see the city from a bird's eye view. Do you see the temple on the left? This is the cathedral that you visited. To the right of it there is a bridge across the Volga, along which we made a sightseeing trip. If all our guests have admired the panorama of the city, we can go further. We are going to visit the ethnographic open-air museum ”.
• 3. Panoramic display as the final stage of the excursion: “Before you is the city, the journey through which we have already finished. Now, from above, you can once again see all the memorable places about which you learned a lot. If you have any questions, I will be happy to answer them. "

In any of the three described cases, the panoramic display will remain in the memory of tourists for a long time and will leave the best memories of the excursion.

Museum excursion. When conducting a museum tour, most of the basic methodological techniques are used, but taking into account the limited space.

The tour guide meets the group that has come to the museum at a specially designated place, in each museum. The guide immediately introduces himself, loudly announces the topic of the excursion and leads the group to the beginning of the story. If there is already another excursion in the hall where the group entered, the guide should either speak more quietly or go to the next hall, if the topic of the excursion allows.

In the introductory part of any museum excursion, the group should be told brief (no more than 2-3 minutes) information about the history of the museum, remind the rules of conduct in the halls where there are many glass showcases and fragile objects. After that, the guide proceeds to the main part of the excursion, standing half-turned to the window or the first exhibit. You should not focus the attention of a large group on small exhibits, since most of the tourists will not see anything, but there will be a risk of breaking the window. Transitions from one showcase to another or from one room to another should be accompanied by logical transitions in the story. In the final part of the excursion, the results are summed up, information is provided about the remaining halls of the museum, where excursionists can visit. After that, the guide answers the questions of the excursion participants and says goodbye to them.

An important condition for a well-conducted excursion in the museum is strict adherence to the time.

Additional methodological techniques. Each experienced guide always has in stock several author's methodological techniques that help turn the excursion into a high-quality learning process and a pleasant time.

• 1. Inclusion of a short meeting in the excursion with a specialist, nair i r during an archaeological excursion - with an archaeologist, during a paleontological excursion - with a paleontologist, during an art history excursion - with an artist or musician, etc. Communication with experts activates and deepens the interest aroused by the topic of the excursion, helps to better understand the issues under consideration and, of course, has a strong emotional impact on the excursionists.
• 2. Watching movies or computer clips on the topic of the excursion. Innovative moments add a special flavor to the excursion, enhance the visual impact on the excursion participants. Such additions suit during a long trip on a bus equipped with the necessary equipment.
• 3. Introduction of the search and research part on the topic of the excursion. Active actions help sightseers to improve the process of learning new information, to feel like real researchers. During archaeological, paleontological, geological, botanical, ecological excursions, tourists can be given the opportunity to find any artifacts or research objects on the surface of the earth:

lifting material at archaeological sites (fragments of dishes, fragments of iron objects washed out of the soil by rainwater);

about fossils at the sites of paleontological outcrops (shells of mollusks, ancient sponges);

o minerals at places of geological monuments (ornamental stones, semi-precious stones);

about herbarium items (leaves, flowers).

The material collected on the surface of the earth can be allowed to be taken with you, if it does not harm the monument.

4. Inclusion of mini-quizzes in the excursion process. Holding a mini-quiz is perceived positively even in adult groups. For example, a guide can offer group members to remember the length of the Volga, pictures famous artist besides those seen in the museum, name the writers whose books are dedicated to the events on the Don, etc. You can ask the sightseers to determine to which architectural style the building belongs to, what is the approximate height of the memorial stele, the length of the bridge, etc.

Questions can be asked along with answer options, for example:

“What do you think, according to what principle the name of the Russian city was most often given:

o by the name of its founder;

about the name of the ancient tribes that lived in this place earlier;

about the name of the river on which the city is based? "

Of course, the guide must not only prove the correctness of the answer with arguments, but also give examples. In this case, the correct answer is the third, and examples are cities such as Moscow, Samara, Tsaritsyn, Tomsk, Tver, etc.

• 5. Inclusion of conversation elements in the excursion. The guide, who has become acquainted with the group, during the excursion can include elements of the conversation in it, activating the group's attention and giving comfort to the psychological environment. For example, knowing that the group came to the northern city from Krasnodar Territory, you can ask if the guests are freezing while walking along the snow-covered embankment, or ask the guests what especially surprised them among the objects examined, whether there are similar ones in their city, etc. The mutual interest of the guide to the guests will cause greater satisfaction with the excursion, will leave a good impression of the city and its inhabitants.
• 6. Inclusion of theatrical elements in the excursion- participation in a national holiday, carnival, in the festival of historical reconstruction. Elements of theatricalization have entered tourism quite a long time ago and, as it were, turn the participants of educational excursions into direct participants in the events. Theatricalization has a beneficial effect both on the perception of the information provided in the excursion, and on the formation general impression about the trip. For example, during some archaeological excursions, guests find themselves on a theatrical show organized by the historical fencing club. The scenario of the excursion includes the "abduction" of one or several participants in the excursion, their release from captivity with the help of Russian soldiers, observation of a stunt fight, photographing with participants in the show in colorful costumes, archery, tasting pilaf prepared according to medieval recipes, etc. etc. Such theatrical performances are being successfully performed in the Saratov region; in Yaroslavl, guests are invited to wear simple robes and try their hand at the role of barge haulers on the Volga; at the Museum of Local Lore of Yekaterinburg, guests will certainly be greeted by a beauty dressed as the Mistress of the Copper Mountain. Such elements of theatricalization (even in an abbreviated version) cannot leave sightseers indifferent and are a wonderful addition to a thematic excursion around ancient history the edges.