Japan- Asian Island state-archipelago. Most of the country's land is located on the islands Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku... In total, Japan consists of 6852, surrounded by the waters of the Pacific Ocean. The bulk of the population lives on the coastal plains. The total area of Japan is 378,000 square kilometers.
Neighboring countries: Russia, China, DPRK, South Korea, Taiwan- very different in terms of economic potential and political order... Japan is an active member of the UN, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
In order to analyze the economic and geographical position, it is necessary to consider indicators such as population and economy, nature and resources, as well as interaction with other states.
Population of Japan: 127 million people. About 80% of people live in cities. There are 11 cities in Japan that are millionaires. The capital of Japan is the world's largest urban agglomeration - Tokyo, with a population of 30 million people. In addition to Tokyo, major cities are Kyoto, Hiroshima, Nagoya, Kobe, Osaka and Yokohama.
Japan is predominantly a single-ethnic country. The Japanese make up 99% of the population and rarely allow foreigners into their society. Respectively, most of citizens say. Middle-aged and older people predominate in Japan. This is due to the fact that a very small percentage of the birth rate is recorded among the inhabitants. Therefore, there is a low rate of population growth - only 2 people per thousand per year.
Religion in Japan represented mainly Buddhism and Shinto, the so-called religious syncretism is characteristic - the confession of several religions at once. This leads to a mixture of different religious practices. So, adults and children celebrate Shinto holidays, schoolchildren pray before exams, young couples arrange wedding ceremonies in a Christian church, funerals are held in Buddhist temples.
Nature and resources- an important indicator of the economic and geographical position of Japan. One of the main factors in the development of the country's economy is the natural resource base, due to its geographical location. The geological basis is underwater mountain ranges... Therefore, approximately 80% of Japan's surface is located on mountains and hills with a pronounced relief of up to 1,700 meters. There are almost two hundred volcanoes in Japan. 90 of them are active, among them is the highest point of the archipelago - Mount Fuji, whose height is 3776 meters. Have a tangible impact on the country's economy natural phenomena- tsunamis and earthquakes.
A distinctive feature of the Land of the Rising Sun is that it occupies a high position in the economy of the world due to the lack of rich natural resources, but their absence. Japan is not rich in minerals, so the country is the largest importer of raw materials. It is forced to import 99% of all ores used, 96% of combustible minerals and 70% of the forest it uses.
On the territory of the country there is many rivers which are sources for irrigation and hydropower, but are not suitable for shipping. Many sources inland waters have a positive effect on production. After the war, the ecological situation in Japan deteriorated. Legislative innovations for the protection and protection of the environment reduce the level of its pollution.
To analyze the economic and geographical position of Japan, it is necessary to pay attention to some aspects of its national economy. Although Japan has few natural resources of its own and the government has to import raw materials for a large number industries, the Land of the Rising Sun manages to occupy a leading position in the production of products of various industries among other countries. Most of production is concentrated within the industrial belt of the Pacific Ocean. Thus, Japan is the leader in terms of steel production. It owns 23% of the world's ferrous metallurgy market. The state occupies a leading position in shipbuilding, specializing in the production of large-capacity tankers and bulk carriers. The main centers ship repair and shipbuilding are major ports(Yokohama, Nagasaki, Kobe). Also Japan is in the lead (13 million per year). Main production centers: Toyota, Yokohama, Hiroshima. Mechanical engineering gives 40% of industrial products. The main subsectors of production in Japan are electronics and electrical engineering, transport engineering and the radio industry.
Agriculture is an important branch of the Japanese economy, although it gives about 2% of GNP. This industry is food-oriented, providing 70% of food needs. Due to the prevailing position of seafood in the diet of the inhabitants, fishing is carried out in many areas of the sea. Moreover, Japan has more than 3,000 ports and the largest fishing fleet (more than 400,000 vessels).
The economic situation of Japan in the world makes it possible to assess the economic geographical position country. Japan leads in per capita GDP of $ 24,400. At the end of the twentieth century, Japan had the highest economic growth rate of 9.8% per year. Now Japan is demonstrating a post-industrial stage of development, while the industry is quite developed, but efforts are most concentrated on the non-manufacturing sector. Banking, retail, telecommunications, insurance, transportation, real estate and construction play a huge role in its economy. The country has significant production capacity and the largest manufacturers of machinery, electronics, ships, machine tools, steel, textiles, food and chemicals are located here. Famous corporations are located in Japan: Toyota, Honda, Mitsubishi, Canon, Nintendo, Sony, NTT DoCoMo, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Nippon Steel and others. Also in Japan there are several of the largest banks and the Tokyo Stock Exchange, which ranks 2nd in terms of market capitalization. In 2006, Forbes 2000 included 326 Japanese companies.
According to statistics, Japan is in 4th place in terms of exports and 6th in terms of imports. The most important partners for Japan for export are China, USA, South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, by import–China, USA, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Australia and Indonesia. Among the exports are dominated by mechanical vehicles, chemicals and electronics. Among the imported products are machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, industrial raw materials, fuels, chemicals. However, the cost of imports is many times less than what Japan gets from its exports. All over the world, Japan sells cars, ships, machine tools, machinery and many other goods. The country is also introducing high technologies and investing in the industries of neighboring countries. A number of reforms were carried out that encourage market competition, which led to an increase in foreign investment, thanks to which Japan has a positive trade balance, as well as the image of one of the most economically developed countries.
Analysis of the economic and geographical position of Japan shows what position this country has in the world arena. Japan's impressive economic and geographic profile is determined by its economic position. This archipelago country has no land neighbors, which definitely has a significant impact on the development of the economy and production. The country's political position is consistent with its role in the world economy. Japan is an influential member of the G8, the UN, ASEAN and the East Asia Summit and other organizations that determine the economic development of the world community for decades to come.
Japan is an amazing country, in many respects different from Russia and Europe, so traveling there requires careful preparation. To make your trip as positive as possible, we have prepared for you. Go through it right now and be fully armed!
Capital: Tokyo
Features of the geographical location and nature. Japan is a state in the east of Asia, located on islands separated from the mainland by the waters of the marginal seas (Fig. 108).
The Japanese archipelago is separated from the mainland by the East China, Japan and Okhotsk seas. The smallest distance to the Asian coast through the Korea Strait is 220 km, from Sakhalin Island through the La Perouse Strait - 43 km. There are almost 4 thousand islands in the archipelago, forming at east coast Asia arc with a length of about 4 thousand km.
Rice. 108 Japan Coast
Rice. 109 Fuji
The archipelago is part of the modern fold belt. This explains the high seismicity (the islands are part of the Pacific "ring of fire") and the predominance of mountainous terrain- Mountains occupy 95% of the territory of Japan.
Japanese islands consist of more than 1500 volcanic cones, "fused" at their feet. Out of 108 active volcanoes The most active of the archipelago are 13: each of them has erupted several times over the past 100 years. Active volcanoes include a mountain Fujiyama(3776 m), in last time revived in 1707. This highest peak country and one of its symbols (Fig. 109). To meet the sunrise at the top of Fujiyama, while praising the gods, is the sacred duty of every Japanese.
More than 1,000 earthquakes are recorded annually on the Japanese islands. The most earthquake-prone area of Tokyo Bay, where are located Largest cities and is home to 1/4 of the country's population. Tsunamis are associated with earthquakes at sea depths. The northeastern regions of Japan are most susceptible to them.
The island position, warm currents off the coast determine the manifestation in the climate of Japan, pronounced monkfish, softening the seasonal contrast of the monsoon properties. Both winter and especially summer monsoons bring a lot of rainfall. On the northern island of Hokkaido in winter, precipitation falls in the form of snow, on the southern islands of the archipelago - in the form of rains.
At the end of summer, powerful tropical cyclones reach the southern islands of the archipelago - typhoons, - moving to the mainland from the Pacific Ocean. Torrential rains fall on the coast, storm winds (the speed inside the vortex is 40 m / s, and in gusts - 60 m / s), waves 11 m high.
Therefore, mountain rivers are numerous and full-flowing, and forests cover 2/3 of the country's territory. In the north - on Hokkaido- spruce forests; there is a lot of bamboo in their underbrush. On the Honshu- broadleaf: beech, maple and Japanese cypress, with large quantity lianas. In the south - on Kyushu and Shikoku- subtropical evergreen forests of Japanese oak, maple, cherry-sakura, thuja, yew, intertwined with lianas.
The country is poor in mineral resources: there are small deposits of coal, copper, lead, zinc, sulfur.
Population. In terms of population (128 million people), Japan ranks 8th in the world. The birth rate in the country is one of the lowest, and the life expectancy is one of the highest in the world: 79 for men and 86 for women. Natural growth is 3 ‰. Due to the aging of the population, mortality is gradually increasing. Therefore, a decrease in the population is predicted and, over time, its significant reduction. Women outnumber men ... More than 99% of the population is Japanese. The main religions are Buddhism, Shinto, and Confucianism. The country is characterized by an employment structure typical for postindustrial society: in the service sector employs more than 60%, in the manufacturing industry - 22%, in agriculture - 5% of the population. A distinctive feature of Japan is social homogeneity - more than 90% of Japanese people are middle class. Japan is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The average population density is 340 people / km 2. The population is extremely unevenly distributed across the territory. The most densely populated is the Pacific coast: here, 40% of the country's territory is home to 2/3 of the population and the bulk of the economic potential is concentrated. In the mountainous regions of Honshu, in the north of Hokkaido, the density is significantly below average. 86% of the population lives in cities, and about 20% of the population lives in 11 cities with a millionaire population. They are characterized by suburbanization - residents major cities move to the periphery of urban agglomerations. The source of income for the bulk of the rural population is non-agricultural activities. Only a small part of the rural population is employed in agriculture.
Rice. 110. Tokyo
Several major metropolitan areas have formed in Japan. The most powerful of them are Keihin (with a population of 30 million people), which includes Tokyo(13 million people) (Fig. 110), Yokohama (3.6 million), Kawasaki (1.4 million); Hanshin (more than 16 million people) - around the cities of Osaka (2.6 million), Kobe (1.5 million), Kyoto (1.4 million); Tyukyo (about 9 million people) - with a nucleus in the city of Nagoya (2.2 million people). These three agglomerations form one of the world's largest megalopolises - Tokaido(more than 60 million people), concentrating 48% of the country's population.
Household.In the structure of the industryscience-intensive, high-tech industries are in the lead. The country occupies a leading position in the production of electronics and electrical engineering, a number of types of chemical products, automotive, steel smelting, etc. In terms of industrial production, Japan ranks third in the world, behind the United States and China.
The bulk of industrial production in Japan is controlled by the largest diversified concerns (Mitsubishi, Toyota, Matsushita, etc.). But small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role. They make up 90% of the total number of industrial enterprises, 50% of the personnel are employed here and 30% of the products are created. .
For energy characterized by a constant decline in the role of oil as a source of fuel and an increase in attention to alternative energy sources. In terms of electricity production, the country ranks 2nd in the world. Thermal power plants produce 60% of all electricity, about 30% - at nuclear power plants.
In terms of the number of reactors and the volume of nuclear power plants, Japan is in third place in the world after the United States and France. HPPs, small in capacity, located in cascades on mountain rivers, generate 10% of electricity. Alternative sources are actively exploited: about 20 geothermal power plants are in operation (Fig. 111).
The manufacturing industry is dominated by the "upper" production levels. Share of material-intensive industries(chemical, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, construction, etc.) is gradually decreasing. Manufacturing enterprises are concentrated within the Pacific industrial belt. Ferrous metallurgy represented mainly by cross-cutting industries. "Downstream", resource-intensive and environmentally harmful industries, are taken out of the country. In terms of steelmaking, Japan ranks 2nd in the world, significantly inferior to China. But it remains the largest exporter of these products: its share in world steel exports is 10%. Within the Pacific industrial belt, chemical industry. It develops on the basis of oil refining and produces synthetic rubber, chemical fibers, plastics and products from them. The role of "fine" chemistry and biochemistry is growing. The main centers are the cities of the Tokyo metropolitan area - Kawasaki, Yokohama. The leading manufacturing industry is mechanical engineering ; it produces over 40% of the country's industrial output. Both traditional export-oriented industries (shipbuilding, automotive, machine-tool building) and new science-intensive industries (electronics, instrumentation, robotics) are presented. The leading positions in the world are occupied by Japanese shipbuilding. In terms of the total capacity of the ships built, Japan significantly exceeds all countries and provides about 40% of the world's total volumes. The main centers of shipbuilding are Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki. Japan is also the leader in the global automotive industry. The current trend is a reduction in production in the country and an increase in the production of cars abroad (in the USA, Great Britain, Germany). The most important centers are Toyota, Hiroshima, Tokyo metropolitan area. Enterprises easy ,woodworking ,food industries are evenly distributed throughout the territory. They are focused both on local raw materials (food industry, textile based on chemical fibers) and imported (pulp and paper, food). Japan is the largest producer of paper and cardboard after the United States, and the 5th largest producer of sawnwood in the world. The volumes of production and export of textiles (viscose) are large.
Rice. 111. Geothermal Power Plant
On the Agriculture Japan accounts for 5% of the employed population and 2% of GDP. These indicators are constantly decreasing.
Agriculture specializes exclusively in the production of food products, providing 90% of the need for rice, 65-95% - for vegetables, fruits, seafood, meat and dairy products. High-intensity dominates races tenderizing ... Main part Fig. 112. Lavender plantations of forage and industrial crops are imported. Suburban farms in highly urbanized zones specialize in vegetable production, pig and poultry farming. Peripheral regions - for certain types of products: in Honshu, the largest region of rice growing and silkworm growing, in Hokkaido - dairy and meat pasture cattle breeding, in Kyushu and Shikoku - subtropical agriculture (Fig. 112).
Rice. 112 Subtropical agriculture
The consumption of fish and seafood is of great importance in the life of the Japanese (Fig. 113). More than 400 vessels of the fishing fleet fish in different regions of the World Ocean, 1/4 of the catch is provided by coastal waters. In terms of the catch of seafood (6-7 million tons per year), the country is one of the five world leaders. At the expense of aquaculture(mariculture) - artificial breeding of fish and shellfish (including in salt sea water) provides 20% of their consumption. Through aquaculture, the Japanese have learned to grow even pearls (Fig. 114).
Rice. 113. Fish Market in Tokyo
Rice. 114. Growing pearls
Transport system has a high level of technical security. Car transport carries out 70% of passenger and more than 50% of cargo transportation. Japan has one of the highest road density indicators in the world - 3 km per 1 km 2. All cities with a population of more than 500 thousand people are connected by a network of high-speed highways. The second place in passenger traffic is railway transport. It provides movement within agglomerations and between island territories. On the 2nd place in terms of freight traffic is sea cabotage ... The merchant fleet serves all of Japan's foreign trade relations. By its tonnage, the country is the second in the world. However, most of the ships sail under flags of convenience (owned by Japanese companies, but registered under the flags of other countries). There are several dozen major seaports in the country (Chiba, Kobe, Yokohama, Nagoya, Osaka, Kitakyushu, etc.).
Foreign economic relations. In terms of foreign trade, Japan ranks third in the world. 1/4 of the cast iron and steel produced in the country, 2/5 of cars, 1/2 of synthetic fibers, televisions, 3/5 of cameras, etc. are exported. Traditionally, there is a large share of high-tech products of mechanical engineering - radio electronics and electrical engineering, modern metalworking equipment, automobiles. It accounts for 75% of the value of exports. Half of the foreign trade turnover falls on economically developed countries, but the role of the countries of the East and South is gradually increasing. East Asia- China, Taiwan, Republic of Korea. In the geography of exports, Singapore, Germany, Thailand, Great Britain stand out, in imports - Indonesia, Australia. The most important oil supplier is the countries of the Middle East (UAE and Saudi Arabia).
Bibliography
1. Geography grade 9 / Textbook for grade 9 institutions of general secondary education with the Russian language of instruction / Edited by N. V. Naumenko / Minsk "Narodnaya Asveta" 2011
Japan (self-name - Nippon) is a large state located on almost 4 thousand islands in the western part of the Pacific Ocean.
As a result of the collision of the Pacific plate with the Eurasian plate and the resulting tectonic fault, a group of islands - fragments of the continent - was formed. The Japanese islands are located on the very Volcanic Belt of the earth and in the immediate vicinity of the oceanic rift
The bulk of the country's territory falls on the islands of the Japanese archipelago proper, which includes the four largest - Honshu (231 thousand km 2), Hokkaido (79 thousand km 2), Kyushu (42 thousand km 2) and Shikoku (19 thousand km 2). In addition, Japan owns the Ryukyu islands located to the south of Kyushu, as well as small islands in the Pacific Ocean (Nampo, Markus, etc.). She also claims to be owned by Russia Kurile Islands lying in the north of the island of Hokkaido. The area of the country is 377688 sq. km, which is one twenty-fifth of the territory of the United States, one-twentieth of the area of Australia, but more than Great Britain one and a half times.
The highest point in Japan is Mount Fuji (3776 m).
Borders: in the north - with Russia (Sakhalin, Kuriles), in the south - with
The Philippines, in the west and northwest - with China and South Korea... All borders are maritime.
The islands, which are part of Japan, form an arc along the eastern part of Asia with a total length of about 3400 km, stretching between
20 about 25 "and 45 about 33" p. sh. and 122 o 56 "and 153 o 59" E. Length coastline is 29.8 thousand km.
Japan is separated from the mainland by the East China, Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk, but the remoteness of the main Japanese islands from the Asian coast is not great - smallest distance through the Korea Strait is 220 km. From the east and southeast, Japan is washed by the waters of the Pacific Ocean, in the south of the Japanese archipelago between the islands of Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu is the Inland Sea of Japan (Seto-Naikai).
The insular character of the territory, the proximity to the East Asian coasts, a significant length in the meridional direction, as well as the complexity of the relief and climatic differences between individual parts of the country formed unique complex natural and geographical conditions, which had a huge impact on the history of the exploration and development of Japan.
Relief, climate and water resources.
One of critical features Japan's nature is a combination of its seaside location with a predominance of mountainous landscapes. About 3/4 of the country's territory is occupied by mountains and hills, on each large island there is either a mountain knot or parallel mountain ranges. Under the influence of tectonic forces and intense erosion mountain ranges acquired a highly dissected complex character. The Japanese mountains are not very high (on average 1600-1700 m above sea level), but they are very steep - more than 15 e, which makes the economic use of many territories difficult.
Plains and lowlands occupy narrow strips along sea coasts and river valleys in the interior. The largest of them are located on the Pacific coast - Kanto (with an area of 13 thousand km 2), bordering Tokyo Bay, Nobi (near Ise Bay), Kinai (in the Osaka Bay area). There are large plains in other regions of the country - in Hokkaido (valley of the Ishikari River), in Northern Kyushu (Tsukushi Plain), on the northwestern coast of Honshu (Echigo Plain), etc. Many small plains adjoin convenient and long-developed bays , bays, which abound in a heavily indented coastline (especially in the south of the archipelago), the total length of which is almost 30 thousand km.
The aggravating shortage of suitable and accessible (including in terms of price and legal status) land, especially for new industrial construction, forces the Japanese to increasingly actively attack the sea, like the Dutch, recapturing new areas from it. For example, the world's largest metallurgical plant, Fukuyama, is entirely built on a reclaimed site. In general, about a third of the country's shores have become embankments or reclaimed.
High seismicity and volcanism have a significant impact on the economic use of Japanese territory. Every year in Japan, there are about 1.5 thousand earthquakes of various strengths, and one of the most earthquake-dangerous is the Tokyo Bay area, where the capital and a number of large cities are located and a quarter of the country's population lives. In Japan, there are 67 "living" volcanoes, of which 15 are active, the rest, including the highest peak in Japan, Mount Fuji (3776 m), are classified as "dormant", but quite capable of awakening. Seismic events in deep-water depressions located several tens of kilometers east of Japan are associated with seaquakes and their huge waves tsunami, which are most susceptible to the northeast of Honshu and Hokkaido.
One of the lower mountain ranges of the island is called the Japanese Alps because of their scenic beauty. And in the extreme south of the island lies another mountain range, where Mount Kita (3192 m) - highest point region. The islands of Kyushu and Shikoku also have small mountain ranges, but their height does not exceed 1982 m (Mount Isitsuki on the island of Shikoku).
Since the Japanese islands are 15 ° C wide, climatic conditions very diverse. At the end of March, you can sunbathe on Okinawa Island in southern Japan or ski on Hokkaido Island in the north.
Climatic conditions in Japan are generally quite favorable for farming and people living. Usually there are 4 climatic zones:
A zone of temperate oceanic climate with cold summers - about Hokkaido.
A zone of temperate oceanic climate with warm summers is part of Honshu.
The humid subtropical climate zone is the southern part of Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, the northern part of the Ryukyu archipelago.
The tropical climate zone is the southern part of the Ryukyu archipelago, about Okinawa.
Japan is characterized by monsoon atmospheric circulation, which causes a significant amount of precipitation in the form of heavy summer rains, as well as winter snowfalls (in the north of the country). Mountain ranges Central Japan, stretching in the meridional direction, serve as a kind of climatic barrier between the east and west of most of the country. In winter, cold air masses from the mainland have a much stronger effect on West Coast than to the protected by the mountains east. In the southern subtropical and tropical regions, conditions are especially favorable for Agriculture where you can take two crops a year. The warm Kuroshio Current has a softening effect on the climate of Western Japan; the cold Oyashio Current runs along the northeastern coast. The Japanese islands lie on the routes of most typhoons that originate in the western Pacific Ocean. There is more rainfall in Japan than in neighboring parts of the mainland. Average rainfall in most of the country is 1700-2000 mm, in the south up to 4000 mm per year.
Rivers in Japan are numerous, but short. The country has a dense network of short, deep, mostly mountainous rivers. The largest of them is r. Shinano is 367 km long. On the rivers of the basin of the Sea of Japan, there is a winter-spring flood, on the rivers of the basin the pacific- summer flood; there are floods especially as a result of the passage of typhoons. Most of the rivers are turbulent mountain streams, unsuitable for navigation, but quite important as a source of hydropower and water for irrigation. The flat sections of large rivers are accessible to shallow-draft vessels, largest lake Biwa, with an area of 716 sq. km. According to the level of utilization of the hydropower potential of the rivers, the central mountainous region of Honshu stands out. Great value as a source fresh water also have many lakes in Japan. The waters of many rivers are used for irrigation - there are thousands of small and large reservoirs in the country.
The material gives an idea of the geographical position of the country. Indicates the specifics of the Japanese EGP. Tells about the features of the historical and political development of the state with the most powerful economic system in the world.
Geographical position of Japan
Japan is an Asian archipelago state, the main territory of which is localized on the islands:
- Hokkaido;
- Honshu;
- Kyushu;
- Shikoku.
The state consists of 6852 islands that surround the waters of the Pacific Ocean.
Rice. 1. Japan on the map.
The Land of the Rising Sun is adjacent to such states as:
- Russia;
- China;
- DPRK;
- South Korea;
- Taiwan.
All countries are different in terms of economic potential and political structure.
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Japan is a member of the UN, as well as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.
For a more detailed understanding of the specifics of Japan's EGP, one should familiarize oneself with numerous factors. However, it is worth noting the fact that the country's economic and geographical position is determined by the fact that it is located almost in the very heart of the Asia-Pacific region. This contributes to the active actions of the country in the field of the international geographical division of labor.
Here is the answer to the question of where Japan is located.
The islands are an arched formation equal to 3.5 thousand km. with a spatial orientation to the north-east and south-west along the east coast of Asia.
Rice. 2. Islands of Japan.
The shores of the archipelago are very indented. As a result, there are many bays and coves of natural origin here. The seas and the ocean are of exceptional importance for the country as a source of biological, mineral and energy resources.
An excursion into history
On the territory of modern Japan were discovered oldest footprints people who belong to the Paleolithic period.
In the 5th century BC, the Japanese adopted the hieroglyphic type of writing.
During the feudal period, the state was completely isolated from other countries.
As a result of the never-ending revolution of 1867-1868, Japan embarked on a path of rapid capitalist development.
During the transition period between the 19th and 20th centuries, it was included in the list of imperialist powers.
In the 20th century, Japan took part in three major military conflicts on a global scale: the Russian-Japanese war and two world wars.
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Two years after World War II, the emperor of Japan was stripped of all powers of authority.
Rice. 3. Portrait of the last emperor of Japan.
Today Japan is a constitutional monarchy.
The supreme body of state power and the only body of the legislative branch of power is the parliament.
What have we learned?
We found out where the state is geographically. We learned what form of government is typical for modern Japan. We clarified what factors triggered the rapid growth of the country's economic potential.
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Japan (Japanese Nihon, Nippon, official name"Nihon koku", "Nippon koku" (inf.) (Jap.) - an island state in East Asia. Japan is located on a large stratovolcanic archipelago off the Pacific coast of Asia. According to the system geographic coordinates Japan lies 36 ° north of the equator and 138 ° east of the Greenwich meridian. The country is located northeast of China and Taiwan (separated from them by the East China Sea) and strictly to the east of Korea (separated by the Sea of Japan). North of Japan is Far East, geographic region of Russia.
Major cities: Tokyo-capital, Kyoto, Nagoya, Kobe, Osaka, Yokohama
The country ranks four large islands- Honshu (three-fifths of the country's area), Hokkaido, Shikoku and Kyushu - and many small islands that arc about 3,500 km from Hokkaido in the northeast to the Ryukyu Islands in the southwest. Japan is separated from the southeastern coast of Russia and the eastern coast of the DPRK and the Republic of Korea by the Sea of Japan, and from China by the East China Sea. The southwestern tip of Japan and southeastern Korea are separated by the Korea Strait with a minimum width of about 180 km. To the north of Japan is located about. Sakhalin, and to the northeast - Kuril ridge... Japan is a relatively small country in terms of area. The total area of Japan is 377.819 sq. km., which is one twenty-fifth of the territory of the United States, one-twentieth of the area of Australia and only 0.3% of the land surface. Borders: in the north with Russia (Sakhalin Island, Kuriles), in the south - with the Philippines, in the west and north-west - with China and South Korea.
The total length of the coastline is 29.8 thousand km. The largest peninsulas are Kii and Oshima. Southern islands Ryukyu is bordered by coral reefs. The islands, which are part of Japan, form an arc along the eastern part of Asia with a total length of about 3400 km, stretching between 20 ° 25 and 4533 N, and 126 ° 56, and 153 ° 59 E.
