Under modern name the city of Kulob was first mentioned in the 13th century.
For many centuries, it was one of the important political, commercial, economic and cultural centers of the Khatlon region of modern Tajikistan. The city was located on one of the roads of the Great Silk Road and had close trade, economic and cultural ties with many countries of the East and West.
During the Middle Ages, the city was the center of the Kulyab bekate of the Bukhara Khanate. He was an important political, economic and cultural center... At that time, there functioned here a large number of maktabs (schools) and madrasahs (higher educational institutions), various craft industries and trade were developed, literary and scientific associations were active.
In the 17-19 centuries, 40 poets lived and worked in Kulyab. The most famous of them were Nasekh (Abdurahmon Khoja), Khoja Husaini Kangurti, Bismil, Shokhin.
During archaeological excavations, the remains of buildings and mausoleums were found on the territory of the city and in its environs, testifying to the highly developed culture of architecture and construction in the city.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the city of Kulyab turned into the most Big City Eastern Bukhara - in its composition it had 20 quarters. At a high level were different kinds crafts. Weaving (silk high-quality fabrics: brocade, alochi, kurtachi, suzane), jewelry, pottery and leather production, carpentry, as well as the production of knives, horse harness, weapons and other metal products were considered especially significant and respected of them.
In addition, trade was developed in the city, there were oriental bazaars. Basically, in Kulob, embroideries (gulduzi and chakan) were valued, which had a unique original shape and color.
sights
The main attractions of the city are the Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadoni Mausoleum and the City Historical Museum.
Mausoleum of Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadoni (14th - 17th centuries). Memorial Complex Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadoni is located in the very center of Kulob city, in a park area where majestic century-old plane trees grow.
The man, whose remains are now buried in this mausoleum, was a prominent figure of the 15th century - a poet, philosopher and thinker. However, in addition to Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadoni, his son Muhammad, numerous relatives and the former caretaker of the mausoleum and mosque with him, Sheikh Shokhi Tolikoni from the Afghan city of Tolukan, are also buried here.
The building of the mausoleum is a traditional medieval building. Initially, it had three portal entrances with a domed hall decorated with carved decor. This building dates back to the end of the 15th century. Later, a mosque and a tomb were added to it.
In the 70s of the last century, the mausoleum was restored. At the same time, the masters strove to preserve the appearance of the mausoleum as it was during all five centuries. And they coped with this task quite well.
Next to the mausoleum, there is another marble tombstone with inscriptions in Arabic and Persian, decorated with geometric patterns. On the western side of the tombstone there is an inscription that says that the son of the ruler of Khatlon, Amir Muhammad bin Shaikh Abdullah, is buried here. The tombstone itself is rectangular in shape, weighing about a ton. According to legend, he was brought to Kulob from India on elephants.
Currently, the mausoleum is a place of pilgrimage for the local population and numerous tourists.
City, c. Kulyab region, Tajikistan. The origin of the name is associated with Taj. Kuloba lake water or Kulob wetlands, floodplains, thickets; the outskirts of the city were swampy in the past. Geographic names World: Toponymic Dictionary ... Geographical encyclopedia
City (since 1934) in Tajikistan, in the valley of the river. Yakhsu, 202 km from Dushanbe. 79.3 thousand inhabitants (1991). Factories: for the production of batteries, cotton ginning, etc .; food industry. Pedagogical Institute. Theatre. Museum of History and Local Lore ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Sush., Number of synonyms: 1 city (2765) Dictionary of synonyms ASIS. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
- (Kul ab) bekdom and a city in the southern part of the Bukhara Khanate, on the right bank of the Amu Darya, in the basin of the K. Daria (Aksu), a small right tributary of the Amu. The surface is wavy, and on the NE it is mountainous. The climate is temperate, the winters are mild and rainy, the summers are hot. ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron
Kulyab- KULYAB, a city (since 1934), a regional center in Tajikistan, in the valley of the Yakhsu River, 203 km from Dushanbe. 79.3 thousand inhabitants. Industry: cotton ginning, food (butter, dairy, meat); production of batteries and more. Pedagogical ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary
City (since 1934) in Tajikistan, in the valley of the river. Yakhsu, 202 km from Dushanbe. 79.3 thousand inhabitants (1991). Factories: for the production of batteries, cotton gin, etc .; food industry. Pedagogical Institute. Theatre. Museum of History and Local Lore ... encyclopedic Dictionary
- (in 1939 55 the center of the Kulyab region) a city in the Tajik SSR. Located in the valley of the river. Yakhsu (Panj basin), at the foot of the Khazratishokh ridge, 203 km south-east of Dushanbe, with which it is connected by rail and motor roads. 40 thousand inhabitants ... ... Big Soviet encyclopedia
- (Kul ab) bekdom and a city in the southern part of the Bukhara Khanate, on the right bank of the Amu Darya, in the basin of the K. Daria (Aksu), a small right tributary of the Amu. The surface is wavy, and on the NE it is mountainous. The climate is temperate, winters are mild and rainy, summers are hot. ... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron
Kulyab- city, c. Kulyab region, Tajikistan. The origin of the name is associated with Taj. Kuloba lake water or Kulob wetlands, floodplains, thickets; the outskirts of the city were swampy in the past ... Toponymic dictionary
Kulyab: Kulyab is a city in Tajikistan Kulyab airport in Tajikistan. Kulyab bekstvo of Bukhara Emirate ... Wikipedia
Books
- Tajikistan. Pamir. Practical and transport guide, Anton Krotov, This is the first practical guide to the highest mountainous country in the CIS. How to get to Tajikistan by train, plane, by car or by hitchhiking? How to independently move inside ... Category:
On the page interactive map Kulob from the satellite. More info on + weather. Below are satellite images and real-time Google Maps search, photo of the city and Khatlon region in Tajikistan, coordinates
Satellite map of Kulob - Tajikistan
We observe on the satellite map Kulob exactly how the buildings on Safarov Street are located. Viewing the scheme of the territory of the district, highways and highways, squares and banks, stations and train stations, search for addresses.
Presented here in mode online map the city of Kulob from the satellite contains images of buildings and photos of houses from space. You can find out where they are and how to get to the streets. Using the search service Google Maps, you will find the desired address in the city and its view from space. We advise you to change the scale of the scheme +/- and move the center of the image to the desired side.
Squares and shops, roads and borders, buildings and houses, a view of Kuibyshev Street. On the page there is detailed information and photos of all objects in the area, in order to show the necessary house on a map of the city and Khatlon region in Tajikistan in real time.
Detailed satellite map Kulyab (hybrid) and the region is provided by Google Maps.
Coordinates - 37.9163,69.789
The territory of the Kulyab valley occupies an advantageous geographical position... Fertile soils, abundantly irrigated by high-water mountain rivers and their tributaries, attracted the settled and nomadic population to these regions.
River valleys have been the main places of human settlement since ancient times. Archaeologists have established that earlier people of the Stone Age lived here in the caves. The settlements of people who lived here about 2000 years ago were also discovered. In particular, stone grain grinders were found for grinding grain into flour.
The territory of modern Kulob VI-IV centuries. BC was part of the Achaemenid state. As a result of a series of aggressive campaigns, the king of the Akhmenids Cyrus took possession of a huge territory, which included Bactria.
In the upper reaches of the Amu Darya, on the territory of present-day Northern Afghanistan, Pamir and in the Amu Darya mountainous areas Sedentary Bactrians lived in Tajikistan, where modern Kulyab is located. In Bactria, even in ancient times, the population was engaged in agriculture, cattle breeding and other industries Agriculture.
In the IV century BC, Alexander the Great, after the defeat of the Achaemenid empire, invaded Central Asia... In the spring of 329, he captured almost all of Bactria, and the Greek troops went through Termez and Kabadiyan to the area of modern Kulyab. Historical facts they say that Alexander conquered the territory of the upper reaches of the Amur-Darya, and after that he moved to the capital of Sogd Marakand.
In Bactria, revolts against Alexander very often broke out. In the Khuttalyan region, "as the area between Pyadzh and Vakhsh was then called" in the Bubasenu locality, the rebels held out for the longest time during the fight against Alexander. This was favored by the mountainous nature of the regions. The Bubasenu locality is identified with the Kulob and Baldzhuvan regions. Defending their independence, the people fought bravely against foreign invaders. But even for the military superiority of the enemy and the betrayal of the local nobility, the resistance of the rebels was broken.
In order to create strongholds for the Greco-Macedonian colonization, Alexander built a number of cities - outposts in Bactria. One of them was erected in Khuttalen, and, following the example of many other similarly emerging cities, was given the name Alexandria on the Oxus.
Even in the tenth century AD, according to scholars, a city named Sikandra - the eastern form of the name Alexander - was known in Khuttalyan. According to the famous Tajik scientist Bobodzhon Gafurov, the city of Alexandria on the Oks (Amu Darya) was presumably in the area of present-day Kulyab. Bactria had wide cultural ties with Greece and India. In the II century AD, the state of Khuttal became very quickly, Buddhism spread, which firmly held there until the VIII century. Having strengthened, Buddhism began to spread from here in the direction of the Gissar valley and at the same time Indian culture began to spread. Some sources say that Buddhism penetrated here, where it is indicated that even in the 7th century. the population of this region worshiped Buddha. This is confirmed by the 13-meter statue of Buddha found in the Khatlon region, which is now exhibited in the museum of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan.
In the II century. BC part of Central Asia was inhabited by the Tocharian tribe. Therefore, the territory located in the upper reaches of the Amu Darya river was named Tokharistan. This territory was divided into several small independent or semi-independent states, one of which was called Khuttalyan (Khatlon).
In the IV century. AD, the process of disintegration of the Kushan kingdom comes to an end. By this time, the Tocharian tribes had already mixed with the local population. On the site of the disintegrated Kushan state, including in Bactria (Tokharistan), the power of the Ephthalites was established.
Tokharistan was formally part of the Ephthalite state, but in fact was an independent state. Under the pressure of the invasion of nomadic Turks in the 6th century, the Ephthalite state fell into decay and the Turkic Khaganate appeared, which included the whole of Central Asia, including the territory of modern Kulyab.
According to some sources, Tokharistan was divided into 24 small semi-independent possessions, which were nominally subordinate to the Turkic kaganate. Khutalyan was one of the most developed parts of Takharistan. Here, for example, mining and gold mining were developed.
The Khuttal country occupied the territory between Pyanj and Vakhsh. Huttal as independent state, according to researchers, arose in the IV century. ad. Gradually, it becomes a strong state and occupies one of the first places in trade between different regions of Central Asia.
A feature of the country's economic life was developed cattle breeding and especially horse breeding. Khuttal became famous at that time for horse breeding. The Khuttal horse was praised in Arabic-Persian poetry. Horses were supplied to the cultural oases of Central Asia and were considered the very best.
Locals they also hunted. They were deservedly recognized as excellent hunters, and hunting was a constant occupation for many of them.
According to the research of scientists, the capital of Khuttaliya was Khulbuk, which is located on the territory of the present Vose district in the vicinity of the modern village of Kurban-Shaid, which is confirmed archaeological excavations... Khulbuk was one of the largest cities in Central Asia. Its central part occupied an area of about 70 hectares, and a citadel rose to the south-western side. During the excavations, the remains of the richly decorated palace of the rulers of Khuttaliya were discovered. The abundant underground material of the X-XII centuries roughly orientates researchers regarding the time of the most intense life of the city.
With the greatest luxury got off the monumental buildings - palaces and mosques. The palace of the rulers of Khuttal was decorated with magnificent carvings. An interesting palace complex of the XI century, uncovered by archaeologists in Khulbuk. The finds of Ghaznavid coins confirm the fact that these regions entered the Ghaznavid state at that time.
In the loess strata near the Baldzhuvon region, the Tajik archaeologist V.A. Ranov unearthed stone tools, the oldest found in Central Asia, their age is 850 thousand years. He also discovered a unique site of Neanderthals in the Dangara region near the Ogizkichik cave with hearths, around which 15 thousand charred tortoise shells were found. Among other finds in the Kulyab region are the altars of the temples of the times of Zoroastrianism, in which a sacred fire burned thousands of years ago.
In this ancient land powerful states arose and fell apart: Bactria, the Greco-Bactrian kingdom, the Kushan kingdom, Tokharistan.
Tajik archaeologists have been excavating the cities of Khuttal for many years. In Khulbuk, the capital of Khuttal, the remains of the ruler's palace were found, in Manzar - a medieval bathhouse, in Sayed - a palace complex and a house of an artisan. This object is a monument of history and architecture.
Amazing world of bygone times is revealed here for study. Bronze products, water pipes, ceramic and glass dishes, ivory chess, ganch carved decorations. And the multi-figured compositions, the portrait of a girl of the 11th century playing the harp, became an event in archeology, since after the invasion of the Arabs in the 7th-8th centuries and the spread of Islam in Central Asia, it was forbidden to depict people and animals.
In the XI-XII centuries, for unknown reasons, people left the cities of Khuttal. Later, instead of the destroyed Khulbuk, new town, which is now called Kulyab.
In the 13th century, a caravan of the Venetian traveler Marco Polo passed through the land of Kulob.
Until the mid-20s of the last century, Kulyab Bekstvo was a remote, remote outskirts of the Bukhara Emirate. The grain was transported on carts to the Fayzabad-Kala pier on the Pyanj and on skiffs was sent down the river.
Ethnographer, archaeologist, traveler A. Bobrinsky, who visited Kulyab in late XIX century, wrote: “In Kulob and Baldzhuan silverwork flourishes, paper and silk fabrics are woven, copper, wood and earthenware are made. Nomads felted, weave carpets, rugs, gilems (carpets). They own large herds of horses. "
In the distant past, oppressive oppression caused the indignation of the people. Here is a characteristic page of history.
For several years in a row, there was a drought in the Kulyab and Baldzhuan valleys. 1885 was the first fruitful year. The emir's representatives demanded from the farmers not only the payment of all taxes for the current year, but also the payment of arrears for the previous ones. This meant again to doom the people to starvation. There was a clash between officials and the population, which later grew into an uprising, the leader of which was the farmer Vose. Now the Vose region, which is 20 kilometers from the city of Kulob, bears his name.
In 1934, Kulyab became a city, and in 1956 a narrow-gauge Railway, which connected Kulyab with Termez and Dushanbe. Now, on the basis of a narrow-gauge railway, a modern railway has been built, which connects the region not only with the capital of the republic, but with the cities of neighboring states - Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Russian Federation.
There is a new modern building near the Khatlon hotel. Buses leave from here to all cities and areas of the region. Mount Khojamumin is clearly visible from the bus station - it has green slopes with white spots on the ridge. But this is not snow, but salt sparkling in the sun.
Opposite the Khatlon hotel there is a large oriental bazaar, where fruits and vegetables (apricots, apples, grapes, pomegranates, walnuts, pistachios) are sold in abundance. As in other cities of the republic, a large bazaar is held here on Sundays. In the early morning, the sellers of numerous shops put out their goods. Around the bazaar there are large and small shops, as well as workshops of folk craftsmen who make various household utensils and agricultural tools.
Near the bazaar there is a cafe "Badakhshan" and a modern building of the House of Life "Nargis". Further along the central street of the city there is the Kulyab hotel, shopping center"Ravshan", cinema "Javonon" ("Youth").
The local history museum of the city of Kulob has departments of nature, history, industry, agriculture, folk art, fine arts, over 1500 exhibits. In the museum you can get acquainted with the history of the region and its current state.
In Kulob, attention is drawn to carpets, suzane, national dresses, local color of life, original traditions and customs. One of the travelers wrote about the people of Kulyab in the following way: "They give their clothes a variegated coloring, using paints that do not lose their freshness." During the wedding, suzane (national wall embroidery) decorates the whole house, they can hang for several months. Orange, purple, green, black embroidery. The patterns are simple and naive - they look like children's drawings. The groom is presented with embroidered skullcaps and sashes. Women wear red shirts, headscarves with patterns.
A unique monument of history and architecture is the mausoleum of the outstanding thinker and religious figure of the XU century Mir Said Ali Hamadoni in the city of Kulob, where many followers who worship his sophistic teachings make a religious pilgrimage.
The mausoleum of Mir Said Ali Hamadoni is located in central park town next to the museum of local lore. Poet, philosopher, thinker Mir Said from Hamadoni (Iran) was born in 1314. In his youth, he studied with eminent Arab scholars. At the age of 21 he went to big Adventure on different countries... Later he lived in Hamadoni, wrote many books on philosophy, ethics, aesthetics. In 1379, Timur conquered Hamadoni, and the scientist parted with his family and students, leaving for Kashmir. The mausoleum was built in the late 14th - early 15th centuries by local craftsmen according to an Iranian project. Hamadoni's disciples engraved inscriptions about the teacher and sayings from the Koran on a large rectangular stone. From Kashmir on an elephant a stone - a monument was delivered to Kulob. It lies not far from the mausoleum.
The sights of the beautiful surroundings of the ancient Khutal, now the city of Kulyab, are of great interest to foreign tourists. Mount Khojamumin is especially attractive, unique natural monument, which entirely consists of pure salt of different colors, fawn and gray, bluish green and pink.
The famous Venetian traveler Markr Polo wrote about the Khoja Mumin salt mountain as "... there is so much salt of it that it will be enough for the whole world, until the end of the world." There is almost no exaggeration in the traveler's words, since it has been proven that the reserves of Khojamumin could provide all of humanity with salt for many hundreds of years. Millions of years ago there was no earthly firmament here, but the ancient sea of Tethys. At its bottom, salt was deposited, on which other rocks were pressed from all sides. As a result, the salt took the form of a huge pillar and spread out to the sides. The domes of the mountain now rise upward for almost a kilometer, and the thickness of salt in the bowels of the earth is another 4 kilometers.
There are 160 springs at the foot of Mount Khojamumin. It is very interesting to visit the caves of the mountain, where whimsical music sounds, because the breeze picks up the long thin stalactites hanging at the entrance, and they begin to ring. Here is one of the largest rock salt caves - almost 350 meters long. A stream flows between the blocks of salt, snow-white stalactites and influxes adorn the aisles and halls. These voids in the mountain were formed by washing out the salt with water. The peculiarities of the mountain make it possible to develop speleo tourism here, because the underworld that is unlike anything else attracts tourists more and more and is never forgotten.
One of oldest cities The Central Asian city of Kulyab in 2006 will celebrate its 2700th anniversary, which will be a significant event for the country.
Muminabad, Khovaling, Baldzhuvan and Shurabad districts of the Kulob region are distinguished by unique natural and recreational features, as well as diverse flora and fauna, where it is possible to successfully develop such types of tourism as ecological tours, trekking and photo hunting with the involvement of local communities.
In the region, if properly organized, planned and managed, ecotourism can be an important source of economic benefits for governments, tourism enterprises and local communities alike. Moreover, this type of tourism can be an effective tool for the protection of natural and cultural property... However, it should not be allowed that the organization of ecotourism activities leads to ambiguous results and negatively affects the surrounding ecosystems, flora and fauna and does not call into question the sustainable development of ecotourism in general.
In the Muminabad region, the natural monument "Childukhtaron" (literal translation of forty beauties), which is a large rocky mountain range in the form of silhouettes of forty girls, is amazing. Bizarre stone silhouettes create the impression that these are girls frozen in stone and there are many beautiful legends telling about these amazing stone formations.
Another region most attractive for the development of tourism is an amazingly natural landscapes the town of Sari Khosor, which covers the territory of Baldzhuvan and partly Khovaling districts. By the decision of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, this region declared a zone international tourism and at present, on the basis of the adopted State Program, relevant work is underway to build the infrastructure necessary for the development of tourism.
Sari Khosor is a great mountain gorge along which the water stream flows, forming the Yakhsu river. Sari Khosor is located at a distance of 150 kilometers from the city of Kulob. Here, on both sides of the gorge, you can see abundant forests, consisting mainly of fruit trees (Hazel, Mulberry, Cherry, Cherry). From the animal world in Sari Khosor there are many bears, wild boars, mountain goats (Siberian ibex), porcupines.
The most attractive place in Sari Khosor is its famous waterfall, located in the village of Mulokoni, where in summer many townspeople and tourists come to admire the beauty of nature, breathe in the clean mountain air and enjoy the soothing sound of the water stream flowing from a height of more than 50 meters.
In general, Khatlon region has sufficient tourist potential on the basis of which it is advisable to develop the following types tourism:
- cultural and historical tourism;
- mountain sports tourism;
- speleotourism;
- ecotourism and photo hunting.
For the development of tourism in the region with the involvement of members of local communities in tourism and the development of tourism programs and routes in this regard, one should base on the following main cultural, historical and natural recreational facilities of the Khatlon region, taking into account the use of which a large number of foreign tourists can be attracted.
Kulyab is located in the valley of the river. Yakhsu, 203 kilometers from Dushanbe. Kulyab attracts many tourists with its sights. The city got its name from the Tajik word, which translates as "lake water" or "thickets, wetland".
The emergence of Kulyab
The first mention of Kulyab dates back to the 13th century. After that, for many centuries, the city was an important cultural, commercial, economic and political center in the Khatlon region of Tajikistan. Kulyab (Tajikistan) had mutually beneficial relations with many countries of the West and East.
Middle Ages
In the Middle Ages, the city was the main one in the Bukhara Khanate. There were many schools and higher educational institutions in Kulob. Crafts and trade developed constantly and rapidly. Scientific and literary associations were active. In the period from the 17th to the 19th centuries. Forty poets lived in the city. History: Nasekh, Shokhin, Bismil and some others.
Kulob and modern Tajikistan
G. Kulyab received the status of a city in 1934. It became the largest locality in Eastern Bukhara. There were 20 blocks in the city. The varied handicrafts were of a high standard in quality and performance. The most demanded were:
- weaving;
- joinery and jewelry;
- leather and pottery production;
- production of metal products (knives, horse harness, etc.).
Accordingly, Tajikistan was rich in bazaars. Kulyab is a city where trade developed rapidly. Kulyab embroideries, which had unique patterns and colors, were highly valued. These were truly artistic masterpieces.
Local Attractions
Tajikistan can please tourists with interesting sights. Kulob city is famous unique mountain Khoja Mumin, which is located only 22 kilometers from it. The mountain is composed of multi-colored salt crystals. In its place, millions of years ago, the waves of the ancient Tethys Sea splashed. On the seabed salts were constantly deposited. They, in turn, were pressed by shearing rocks. As a result, the salt lay down in layers in one place and gradually formed a natural column. Then the sediments spread a little to the sides, and a real mountain turned out. Today, the dome of the salt mountain rises above the surface for almost a kilometer, and 4 more go into the bowels of the earth.
This is not the only interesting thing about the mountain. Tourists are attracted by its caves. They are entirely composed of salt multicolored iridescent stalactites. At the same time, you can hear amazing natural music in the caves. It is published by stalactites swaying in the wind.
Another attraction that Tajikistan (Kulyab) boasts is the mausoleum of the world of Sayyid Ali Hamadoni. The memorial complex is located in the city center. The mausoleum is surrounded by a park area with majestic century-old plane trees.
The remains of a person resting in the memorial complex belong to a poet, thinker and philosopher. His son and other relatives are also buried in the mausoleum, along with the caretaker of the memorial and its mosque, Sheikh Shoki Tolikoni. He lived in Tolucana.
The building was built in the tradition of the Middle Ages. At first, the mausoleum had 3 portal entrances with a domed hall, which was variously decorated. The tomb and the mosque were added to the memorial much later. The original building dates back to the fifteenth century.
In the 1970s. the memorial complex (Tajikistan, Kulyab) was restored. The work was carried out with the aim of maximizing the preservation of the primordial nature of the ancient monument. There is a tombstone next to it. It is engraved with inscriptions in Persian and Arabic. The headstone is decorated with geometric patterns.
On the western side of the inscription is the name of the deceased - Amir Muhammad bin Shaikh Abdullah. He was the son of King Khatlon. The headstone is rectangular and weighs approximately a ton. According to legend, the material was brought on elephants from India. The memorial complex (Tajikistan, Kulyab) is a place of pilgrimage not only for the local population. The mausoleum is constantly visited by thousands of tourists.
Also in the city you can visit other monuments of culture and history. For example, the mausoleums of Tillo Halloji and Khoja Durbod, the Kalam Mir fortress, the Kofyrkalya settlement. As well as natural objects: mountain range "Childukhtaron" and Sari Khosor gorge.
