Geographical objects named after Russian discoverers. What geographical objects are named after travelers. Dezhnev Semyon Ivanovich

Russian travelers made an enormous contribution to the history of geographical discoveries and exploration of the globe. Many are named after them geographic objects Earth. These are Cape Dezhnev, Cape Chelyuskin, sea, sea, Kruzenshtern Strait, Lisyansky Island, Przhevalsky Ridge, Bellingshausen Sea, Miklukho-Maclay Coast, Obruchev Volcano, Semyonov Glacier and many others. Scientific research of Russian discoverers, compiled by them accurate detailed maps were of great importance for the development of the geography of the whole world.

Dezhnev's expedition left the mouth of the Siberian Kolyma River to the east on June 20, 1648. Her task was to discover new lands, study the hydrographic network of the Far Northeast and the coast of the Arctic Ocean. Having sailed around, in September the expedition rounded the Bolshoy Kamenny Nos Cape (now it is named after Dezhnev). The results exceeded all expectations: Semyon Dezhnev not only made new ones, but also delivered maps-drawings of new territories to his homeland. Subsequently, one of the bays was named after him Bering Sea, mountain range and a village on the Amur River.

In 1697-1699, the Russian pioneer Vladimir Atlasov (c. 1661/64 - 1711) discovered new lands. At the same time, the first Russian settlement was founded there.

In 1711 and 1713, Ivan Kozyrevsky visited the Kuril Islands (born around 1680 - the year of death is unknown).

geographical objects in Russia named after Russian travelers

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   a cape in the Tauiskaya Bay, Russia;

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3. The Pronchishchev coast in the east of Taimyr, about. Wrangel, ridge. Chersky
4. The northernmost cape of the Asian continent is called Cape Chelyuskin,
   the easternmost tip of Asia - Cape Dezhnev,
   the strait between Novaya Zemlya and the Taimyr Peninsula bears the name of Boris Vilkitsky,
   islands in the Kara Sea are named after the polar explorers Shokalsky, Sibiryakov, Neupokoev, Isachenko, Voronin

   Among the seas named after the famous geographers Barents and Bering, appeared on geographical maps the Laptev Sea, which did not exist on the old, pre-revolutionary maps. It was named after the remarkable Arctic explorers Khariton Prokofievich and Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev, who took part in the Great Northern Expedition of the 18th century. The strait connecting the Laptev Sea with the East Siberian Sea was also named after Dmitry Laptev, and the northwestern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula, from Pyasinsky Bay to the Taimyr Bay, was named the coast of Khariton Laptev.

   Cities and towns named after domestic travelers:

   pos. Beringovsky (Chukotka) - V.I.Bering (navigator, captain-commander of the Russian fleet),
   Kropotkin ( Krasnodar region) - P.A.Kropotkin (prince, Russian geographer and geologist),
   Lazarev ( Khabarovsk region) - M.P. Lazarev (Russian traveler),
   Makarov (Sakhalin Region) - S.O. Makarov (Russian naval commander, oceanographer),
   pos. Poyarkova (Amur region) - V.D. Poyarkov (Russian explorer),
   pos. Przhevalskoe (Smolensk region) - N.M. Przhevalsky (Russian traveler),
   Khabarovsk, station Erofei Pavlovich (Amur region) - Erofei Pavlovich Khabarov (Russian explorer),
   Shelekhov (Shelikhov) (Irkutsk region) - GI Shelikhov - Russian traveler;

   the name of S.P. Krasheninnikov named an island and a bay at the southeastern end of Kamchatka, a cape on the Karaginsky island and a mountain near Lake Kronotsky on east coast the Kamchatka Peninsula.

   Geographical objects named after A.I. Chirikov
   a cape in the Anadyr Bay, Russia;
   a cape in the Tauiskaya Bay, Russia;

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6. The northernmost cape of the Asian continent is called Cape Chelyuskin,
   the easternmost tip of Asia - Cape Dezhnev,
   the strait between Novaya Zemlya and the Taimyr Peninsula bears the name of Boris Vilkitsky,
   islands in the Kara Sea are named after the polar explorers Shokalsky, Sibiryakov, Neupokoev, Isachenko, Voronin

   Among the seas named after the famous geographers Barents and Bering, the Laptev Sea appeared on geographical maps, which did not exist on the old, pre-revolutionary maps. It was named after the remarkable Arctic explorers Khariton Prokofievich and Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev, who took part in the Great Northern Expedition of the 18th century. The strait connecting the Laptev Sea with the East Siberian Sea was also named after Dmitry Laptev, and the northwestern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula, from Pyasinsky Bay to the Taimyr Bay, was named the coast of Khariton Laptev.

   Cities and towns named after domestic travelers:

   pos. Beringovsky (Chukotka) - V.I.Bering (navigator, captain-commander of the Russian fleet),
   Kropotkin (Krasnodar Territory) - P.A.Kropotkin (prince, Russian geographer and geologist),
   Lazarev (Khabarovsk Territory) - M.P. Lazarev (Russian traveler),
   Makarov (Sakhalin Region) - S.O. Makarov (Russian naval commander, oceanographer),
   pos. Poyarkova (Amur region) - V.D. Poyarkov (Russian explorer),
   pos. Przhevalskoe (Smolensk region) - N.M. Przhevalsky (Russian traveler),
   Khabarovsk, station Erofei Pavlovich (Amur region) - Erofei Pavlovich Khabarov (Russian explorer),
   Shelekhov (Shelikhov) (Irkutsk region) - GI Shelikhov - Russian traveler;

   an island and a bay at the southeastern end of Kamchatka, a cape on Karaginsky Island and a mountain near Lake Kronotsky on the eastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula are named after S.P. Krasheninnikov.

   Geographical objects named after A.I. Chirikov
   a cape in the Anadyr Bay, Russia;
   a cape in the Tauiskaya Bay, Russia;

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8. The Pronchishchev coast in the east of Taimyr, about. Wrangel, ridge. Chersky and a lot of other things ...
9. The northernmost cape of the Asian continent is called Cape Chelyuskin,
   the easternmost tip of Asia - Cape Dezhnev,
   the strait between Novaya Zemlya and the Taimyr Peninsula bears the name of Boris Vilkitsky,
   islands in the Kara Sea are named after the polar explorers Shokalsky, Sibiryakov, Neupokoev, Isachenko, Voronin

   Among the seas named after the famous geographers Barents and Bering, the Laptev Sea appeared on geographical maps, which did not exist on the old, pre-revolutionary maps. It was named after the remarkable Arctic explorers Khariton Prokofievich and Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev, who took part in the Great Northern Expedition of the 18th century. The strait connecting the Laptev Sea with the East Siberian Sea was also named after Dmitry Laptev, and the northwestern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula, from Pyasinsky Bay to the Taimyr Bay, was named the coast of Khariton Laptev.

   Cities and towns named after domestic travelers:

   pos. Beringovsky (Chukotka) - V.I.Bering (navigator, captain-commander of the Russian fleet),
   Kropotkin (Krasnodar Territory) - P.A.Kropotkin (prince, Russian geographer and geologist),
   Lazarev (Khabarovsk Territory) - M.P. Lazarev (Russian traveler),
   Makarov (Sakhalin Region) - S.O. Makarov (Russian naval commander, oceanographer),
   pos. Poyarkova (Amur region) - V.D. Poyarkov (Russian explorer),
   pos. Przhevalskoe (Smolensk region) - N.M. Przhevalsky (Russian traveler),
   Khabarovsk, station Erofei Pavlovich (Amur region) - Erofei Pavlovich Khabarov (Russian explorer),
   Shelekhov (Shelikhov) (Irkutsk region) - GI Shelikhov - Russian traveler;

   an island and a bay at the southeastern end of Kamchatka, a cape on Karaginsky Island and a mountain near Lake Kronotsky on the eastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula are named after S.P. Krasheninnikov.

   Geographical objects named after A.I. Chirikov
   a cape in the Anadyr Bay, Russia;
   a cape in the Tauiskaya Bay, Russia;

10. The northernmost cape of the Asian continent is called Cape Chelyuskin,
    the easternmost tip of Asia - Cape Dezhnev,
    the strait between Novaya Zemlya and the Taimyr Peninsula bears the name of Boris Vilkitsky,
    islands in the Kara Sea are named after the polar explorers Shokalsky, Sibiryakov, Neupokoev, Isachenko, Voronin

    Among the seas named after the famous geographers Barents and Bering, the Laptev Sea appeared on geographical maps, which did not exist on the old, pre-revolutionary maps. It was named after the remarkable Arctic explorers Khariton Prokofievich and Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev, who took part in the Great Northern Expedition of the 18th century. The strait connecting the Laptev Sea with the East Siberian Sea was also named after Dmitry Laptev, and the northwestern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula, from Pyasinsky Bay to the Taimyr Bay, was named the coast of Khariton Laptev.

    Cities and towns named after domestic travelers:

    pos. Beringovsky (Chukotka) - V.I.Bering (navigator, captain-commander of the Russian fleet),
    Kropotkin (Krasnodar Territory) - P.A.Kropotkin (prince, Russian geographer and geologist),
    Lazarev (Khabarovsk Territory) - M.P. Lazarev (Russian traveler),
    Makarov (Sakhalin Region) - S.O. Makarov (Russian naval commander, oceanographer),
    pos. Poyarkova (Amur region) - V.D. Poyarkov (Russian explorer),
    pos. Przhevalskoe (Smolensk region) - N.M. Przhevalsky (Russian traveler),
    Khabarovsk, station Erofei Pavlovich (Amur region) - Erofei Pavlovich Khabarov (Russian explorer),
    Shelekhov (Shelikhov) (Irkutsk region) - GI Shelikhov - Russian traveler;

    an island and a bay at the southeastern end of Kamchatka, a cape on Karaginsky Island and a mountain near Lake Kronotsky on the eastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula are named after S.P. Krasheninnikov.

    Geographical objects named after A.I. Chirikov
    a cape in the Anadyr Bay, Russia;
    a cape in the Tauiskaya Bay, Russia;

Afanasy Nikitin - Russian traveler, Tver merchant and writer. Traveled from Tvreya to Persia and India (1468-1474). On the way back, he visited the African coast (Somalia), Muscat and Turkey. Travel notes Nikitin "Walking the Three Seas" is a valuable literary and historical monument. It is noted for the versatility of observations, as well as religious tolerance, unusual for the Middle Ages, combined with devotion to the Christian faith and native land.

Semyon Dezhnev (1605-1673)

Outstanding Russian sailor, explorer, traveler, explorer of Northern and Eastern Siberia. In 1648, Dezhnev was the first among famous European navigators (80 years earlier than Vitus Bering) to pass the Bering Strait, separating Alaska from Chukotka. A Cossack chieftain and a fur trader, Dezhnev actively participated in the development of Siberia (Dezhnev himself married a Yakut Abakayada Syuchu).

Grigory Shelikhov (1747 - 1795)

Russian industrialist who conducted geographical research northern islands Pacific Ocean and Alaska. He founded the first settlements in Russian America. The strait between about. Kodiak and the North American mainland, a bay in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, a city in the Irkutsk region and a volcano in the Kuril Islands. The remarkable Russian merchant, geographer and traveler, nicknamed "Russian Columbus" by G. R. Derzhavin, was born in 1747 in the town of Rylsk, Kursk province, into a bourgeois family. Overcoming the space from Irkutsk to the Lama (Okhotsk) Sea was his first journey. In 1781 Shelikhov created the North-East Company, which in 1799 was transformed into the Russian-American Trading Company.

Dmitry Ovtsyn (1704 - 1757)

Russian hydrographer and traveler, led the second of the detachments of the Great Northern Expedition. He made the first hydrographic survey of the Siberian coast between the mouths of the Ob and Yenisei. He discovered the Gydan Gulf and the Gydan Peninsula. Participated in the last voyage of Vitus Bering to the shores of North America. A cape and an island in the Yenisei Gulf bear his name. Dmitry Leontyevich Ovtsyn was in the Russian fleet since 1726, took part in the first voyage of Vitus Bering to the shores of Kamchatka, and by the time the expedition was organized he had risen to the rank of lieutenant. The significance of the Ovtsyn expedition, like the rest of the units of the Great Northern Expedition, is extremely great. On the basis of the inventories compiled by Ovtsin, maps of the places he explored were prepared up to the beginning of the 20th century.

Ivan Kruzenshtern (1770 - 1846)

Russian navigator, admiral, led the first Russian round-the-world expedition. For the first time, he mapped most of the coast of about. Sakhalin. One of the founders of the Russian geographic society... The straits in the northern part bear his name. Kuril Islands, a passage between about. Tsushima and the islands of Iki and Okinoshima in the Korea Strait, islands in the Bering Strait and the Tuamotu archipelago, a mountain on Novaya Zemlya. On June 26, 1803, the ships "Neva" and "Nadezhda" left Kronstadt and headed for the shores of Brazil. This was the first passage of Russian ships to the southern hemisphere. On August 19, 1806, while staying in Copenhagen, the Russian ship was visited by a Danish prince, who wished to meet with Russian sailors and listen to their stories. The first Russian circumnavigation of the world was of great scientific and practical importance and attracted the attention of the whole world. Russian navigators corrected the English maps at many points, which were then considered the most accurate.

Thaddeus Bellingshausen (1778 - 1852)

Thaddeus Bellingshausen - Russian navigator, participant of the first Russian round-the-world voyage of IF Kruzenshtern. The leader of the first Russian Antarctic expedition to discover Antarctica. Admiral. The sea off the coast of Antarctica, an underwater basin between the continental slopes of Antarctica and South America, islands in the Pacific, Atlantic oceans and the Aral Sea, the first Soviet polar station on the island. King George in the South Shetland Islands. The future discoverer of the southern polar continent was born on September 20, 1778 on the Ezel Island near Ahrensburg in Livonia (Estonia).

Fedor Litke (1797-1882)

Fedor Litke - Russian navigator and geographer, count and admiral. Head of the expedition around the world and research on Novaya Zemlya and the Barents Sea. Discovered two groups of islands in the Carolina chain. One of the founders and leaders of the Russian Geographical Society. 15 points on the map bear the name of Litke. Litke headed the 19th Russian round the world expedition for hydrographic studies of little-known areas of the Pacific Ocean. Litke's voyage was one of the most successful in the history of Russian voyages around the world and was of great scientific importance. The exact coordinates of the main points of Kamchatka were determined, the islands were described - Karolinsky, Karaginsky, etc., the Chukchi coast from Cape Dezhnev to the mouth of the river. Anadyr. The discoveries were so important that Germany and France, arguing over Caroline Islands, contacted Litke for advice on their location.

They are always attracted by the horizon line, an endless strip stretching into the distance. Their faithful friends are the ribbons of the roads leading to the unknown, mysterious and mysterious. They were the first to push the boundaries, opening up new lands and amazing beauty of metrics to mankind. These people are the most famous travelers.

Travelers who made the most important discoveries

Columbus spent three quarters of his life sailing. He traveled on Portuguese ships, managed to live in Lisbon and on British isles... Staying briefly in a foreign land, he constantly drew geographical maps, made new travel plans.

It still remains a mystery how he managed to plan the shortest route from Europe to India. His calculations were based on the discoveries of the 15th century and on the fact that the Earth is in the shape of a ball.

Collecting 90 people of volunteers in 1492-1493, on three ships, he went on a journey through Atlantic Ocean... He became the discoverer of the central part of the Bahamas archipelago, the Greater and Lesser Antilles. He is responsible for the discovery of the northeastern coast of Cuba.

The second expedition, which lasted from 1493 to 1496, already consisted of 17 ships and 2.5 thousand people. He discovered the islands of Dominica, Small Antilles, Puerto Rico island. After 40 days of sailing, arriving in Castile, he notified the government of the opening of a new route to Asia.

After 3 years, having collected 6 ships, he led an expedition across the Atlantic. In Haiti, because of the denunciation of an envious person about his successes, Columbus was arrested and shackled. He was liberated, but he kept the fetters all his life, as a symbol of betrayal.

He was the discoverer of America. Until the end of his life, he mistakenly believed that it was connected with Asia by a thin isthmus. He believed that the sea route to India was opened by him, although history later showed the fallacy of his delusions.

Vasco da Gama. He was fortunate enough to live in the era of the great geographical discoveries. Perhaps that is why he dreamed of travel and dreamed of becoming the discoverer of uncharted lands.

He was a nobleman. The family was not the most noble, but it had ancient roots. As a young man, he became interested in mathematics, navigation and astronomy. Since childhood, he hated secular society, playing the piano and French, which noble nobles tried to "show off".

Decisiveness and organizational skills made Vasco da Gama close to Emperor Charles VIII, who, having conceived to create an expedition to open a sea route to India, appointed him in charge.

At his disposal were given 4 new ships specially built for the trip. Vasco da Gama was equipped with the latest navigation instruments and naval artillery.

A year later, the expedition reached the shores of India, stopping in the first city of Calicut (Kozhikode). Despite the cold meeting of the natives and even military clashes, the goal was achieved. Vasco da Gama pioneered the sea route to India.

They discovered the mountainous and desert regions of Asia, made bold expeditions to the Far North, they "wrote" history, glorifying the Russian land.

Great Russian travelers

The famous naturalist Ernst Haeckel became interested in the 19-year-old boy, inviting him to his expedition to study the marine fauna.

In 1869, returning to St. Petersburg, he enlisted the support of the Russian Geographical Society, went to study New Guinea... It took a year to prepare the expedition. He sailed ashore Coral sea, and having set foot on the ground did not even guess that the descendants of this place would call him by his name.

After living for over a year in New Guinea, he not only discovered new lands, but also taught the natives to grow corn, pumpkin, beans and fruit trees. He studied the life of the natives on the island of Java, Louisiades and the Solomon Islands. He spent 3 years in Australia.

He died at 42. Doctors diagnosed him with severe deterioration of the body.

Afanasy Nikitin is the first Russian traveler to visit India and Persia. Returning back, he visited Somalia, Turkey and Muscat. His notes "Voyage across the Three Seas" became valuable historical and literary aids. He simply and truthfully described medieval India in his notes.

A native of a peasant family, he proved that even a poor person can travel to India. The main thing is to set a goal.

The world has not revealed all its secrets to man. There are still people who dream of opening the curtain of unknown worlds.

Famous modern travelers

And even though the era of great discoveries is long over. It doesn't matter that the Earth has been photographed thousands of times from space. Let all places of the globe be open to travelers and discoverers. He, like a child, believes that there is still a lot of unknown things in the world.

On account of his 40 expeditions and ascents. He crossed the seas and oceans, was at the North and South Poles, made 4 circumnavigation crossed the Atlantic 15 times. Of these, once on a rowing boat. Most travels he made alone.

Everyone knows his name. His programs had an audience of millions of TV viewers. He is the one great person who gave this world unusual beauty nature, hidden from view in the bottomless depths. Fedor Konyukhov visited different places on our planet, including the hottest place in Russia, which is located in Kalmykia. The site has Jacques-Yves Cousteau, perhaps the most famous traveler in the world

Even during the war, he continued his experiments and explorations of the underwater world. He decided to devote the first film to sunken ships. And the Germans who occupied France allowed him to engage in research activities and take pictures.

He dreamed of a ship that would be equipped with modern technology for filming and observation. Helped him completely stranger, who gave Cousteau a small military minesweeper. After renovation work, it turned into the famous ship "Callipso".

The crew of the ship were researchers: journalist, navigator, geologist, volcanologist. His wife was his assistant and companion. Later, his 2 sons also took part in all expeditions.

Cousteau is recognized as the best specialist in underwater research. He received an offer to head the famous Oceanographic Museum in Monaco. He not only studied underwater world, but also engaged in activities for the protection of marine and oceanic habitats.
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The answer left a guest

The northernmost cape of the Asian continent is called Cape Chelyuskin,
the easternmost tip of Asia - Cape Dezhnev,
the strait between Novaya Zemlya and the Taimyr Peninsula bears the name of Boris Vilkitsky,
islands in the Kara Sea are named after the polar explorers Shokalsky, Sibiryakov, Neupokoev, Isachenko, Voronin ...

Among the seas named after the famous geographers Barents and Bering, the Laptev Sea appeared on geographical maps, which did not exist on the old, pre-revolutionary maps. It was named after the remarkable Arctic explorers Khariton Prokofievich and Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev, who took part in the Great Northern Expedition of the 18th century. The strait connecting the Laptev Sea with the East Siberian Sea was also named after Dmitry Laptev, and the northwestern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula, from Pyasinsky Bay to the Taimyr Bay, was named the coast of Khariton Laptev.

Cities and towns named after domestic travelers:

pos. Beringovsky (Chukotka) - V.I.Bering (navigator, captain-commander of the Russian fleet),
Kropotkin (Krasnodar Territory) - P.A.Kropotkin (prince, Russian geographer and geologist),
Lazarev (Khabarovsk Territory) - M.P. Lazarev (Russian traveler),
Makarov (Sakhalin Region) - S.O. Makarov (Russian naval commander, oceanographer),
pos. Poyarkova (Amur region) - V.D. Poyarkov (Russian explorer),
pos. Przhevalskoe (Smolensk region) - N.M. Przhevalsky (Russian traveler),
Khabarovsk, station Erofei Pavlovich (Amur region) - Erofei Pavlovich Khabarov (Russian explorer),
Shelekhov (Shelikhov) (Irkutsk region) - GI Shelikhov - Russian traveler;

an island and a bay at the southeastern end of Kamchatka, a cape on Karaginsky Island and a mountain near Lake Kronotsky on the eastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula are named after S.P. Krasheninnikov.

Geographical objects named after A.I. Chirikov
a cape in the Anadyr Bay, Russia;
a cape in the Tauiskaya Bay, Russia;

The nineteenth century was the time of the greatest geographical discoveries of Russian explorers. Continuing the traditions of their predecessors. - Researchers and passengers of the 17th-18th centuries. Enriched Russians' perception of the world, which contributed to the development of new territories that were part of the empire.

For the first time Russia has made an old dream: its ships entered the world's oceans.

I.F.Kruzenshtern and Yu.F. F. Lisyansky. In 1803, an expedition to explore the North Pacific was carried out in the direction of Alexander I on the ships "Nadezhda" and "Neva". This was the first Russian expedition, which lasted for 3 years.

It was headed by Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern, the greatest navigator and scientist-geographer of the 19th century. Century.

During the trip, for the first time, more than a thousand kilometers of the coast of Sakhalin Island was shown. The participants of the trip had many interesting remarks not only about the Far East, but also about other areas in which they sailed. The commander of the Neve, Yuri Fedorovich Lisyansky, discovered one of the islands of the Hawaiian archipelago, named after him.

The members of the expedition collected a lot of data on the Aleutian Islands and Alaska, in the Pacific and Arctic oceans.

The observation results were presented in the report of the Academy of Sciences.

It turned out to be so difficult that I.F.Kruzenshtern was called an academician. His materials formed the basis of what was published in the early 20th century. "Atlas southern seas". In 1845, Admiral Kruzenshtern became one of the founders of the Russian Geographical Society. He even took a galaxy of Russian explorers and explorers.

F.F. Bellingshausen and M.P. Lazarev. Thaddeus Faddeevich Bellingshausen became one of the students and followers of Kruzenshtern.

He was a member of the first Russian expedition in the world.

In the years 1819-1821. Bellingshausen was appointed to lead a new global march on boats ("single-masted ships") "east" (which commanded) and "mir" (commander Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev). The expedition plan was Kruzenshtern. Its main goal was called "the acquisition of the most complete knowledge about our world" and "the discovery of the possible vicinity of the Antarctic pole."

The expedition approached the shores of Antarctica, then unknown, which Bellingshausen called the "ice continent". After staying in Australia, the Russian ships moved to the tropical Pacific Ocean, where they discovered a group of islands called the Russian islands.

For 751 days sailing Russian sailors crossed about 50 thousand kilometers.

Significant geographical discoveries were carried out, they brought valuable collections, observed the waters of the oceans and the ice mass of the new continent for mankind.

A. A. Baranov and the development of Russian America.

Alexander Andreevich Baranov is hardly attributed to pioneers or passengers in the strict sense of these words. But he was a man who made an invaluable contribution to the development of Russian America by our compatriots. As a merchant in Kargopol, he traded in Eastern Siberia, and from 1790 he was in northwestern America.

In search of new hunting grounds, Baranov studied in detail the Kodiak Island and other territories, in search of mineral resources, founded a new Russian settlement and provided them with everything they needed to establish contact with local residents.

It was for him that, for the first time, Russia had really fortified large territories of Russia on the Pacific coast of North America.

Baran's activities were extremely difficult and dangerous. The constant raids of the Indians cost the Russian settlers not only a significant amount, but also their lives. In 1802 alone, they tried to establish a settlement on the island of Sitka, and over 200 immigrants were killed.

Baran's efforts were so successful that they were in 1799

became the ruler of the Russian-American society, and in 1803 he was appointed the ruler of the Russian colonies in America. He kept it high and dangerous place almost until his death.

In 1804, Baranov on the island of Sitka founded the fortress Novoarkhangelsk, and then the fort. In 1815 he made an expedition to Hawaiian Islands with the intention of joining Russia. But this did not bring happiness. As an elderly and sick person, Alexander Andreevich asked three times to resign.

However, such a person is in no hurry to be released from service. Only in 1818 was an agreement reached on his departure from America to his homeland. On the road, on the island of Java, Baranov died in 1819.

After his death, it was revealed that after he multiplied the capital of the Russian-American company and expanded the assets of Russia, he died like a beggar. Upon learning of his death, A. S. Pushkin wrote in his diary: “Baranov died. Sorry for an honest citizen, an intelligent person ... "

G.I. Nevelskoy and E.V. Putyatin.

The greatest explorer of the Russian Of the Far East in the middle of the 19th century. became Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy.

In two expeditions (1848-1849 and 1850-1855) Sakhalin beat in the north, where he discovered many new, previously unknown territories and entered the lower Amur stream, succeeded. Here in 1850 he founded the Mikolainovsky post (Nikolaevsk-on-Amur). Nevelskoy's journey was important: for the first time it became clear that Sakhalin was not connected with the mainland, the island and the Tatar Strait - the strait was not irrigated, because it was calculated.

Evtimius Vasilievich Putyatin in 1822-1825

he traveled all over the world and left a descriptive description of what he saw. In the years 1852-1855. During the expedition, which brought him to the frigate "Pallada", the islands of Rimsky-Korsakov were discovered. Putyatin became the first of the Russians who managed to visit the closed Europeans, the Japanese, and even there, to sign a contract (1855).

The result of the expedition of Nevelskoy and Putyatin, in addition to strictly scientific ones, was the consolidation of the Primorsky Territory in the Far East for Russia.

The scientific information collected by the Russian passengers was so great and important that the generalization of special institutions required their generalization and application.

The most important of these institutions was opened in 1845.

Russian Geographical Society. It became the center of geographical knowledge in Russia. Regular organization of scientific expeditions, research of the population of Russia and neighboring countries, publication of geographic and statistical collections. In 1851, the Caucasian and Siberian divisions of the Russian Geographical Society were created to develop economic and geographical research in Siberia, the Far East, the Caucasus, the Caucasus and Central Asia.

Questions and tasks

Why only in the 19th century. Russian ships went to the oceans and began to surround the world? 2. What goals and objectives were assigned to the participants of the first Russian expedition of a Russian passenger?

What were the results of this expedition? 3. What is historical meaning discoveries of Russian Antarctic sailors? 4. What actions of A. A. Baranov led to the growth and strengthening of Russian property in North America?

5. What is the contribution of the geographical science of G.V. Nevelskoy and E.V. Putyatin?

geographic features in Russia named after Russian passengers

6. What practical results were found by Russian passengers?

documentation

From the memorandum of F.P. Litke on the establishment of the Russian Geographical and Statistical Society. May 1, 1845

The main task of this company is to collect and distribute both in Russia and abroad complete and reliable information about our country:

As for the geographical, that is, with this, everything that belongs to the description of the land area, the physical characteristics of the state, the work of nature, etc.

2. With regard to statistics, the understanding of this word is not just a choice of anonymous numbers, and not one quantitative statistics, but also descriptive or qualitative,

that is. all the relative elements of social life.

3. With regard to ethnography. This is the bottom of the question, that is, knowledge about the different tribes living in the current state, limits the physical, moral, social and linguistic ...

The second task of the Geographical Association is to spread in our homeland, as well as the main geographic information, taste and love for geography, statistics and ethnography.

From the journalist midshipman P.

M. Novosilskiy - participant of the first Antarctic expedition

We came to solid ice through which there were no holes in the south, so we had to first turn west and then north with a tense heart. Good weather soon stopped; she started snowing on her knees, the fog was sometimes so thick that we could not see the reservoir from the stern, while we were more frequent on the ice ...

Then floating light columns began to appear in the south; constantly disappears and reappears; Sometimes they were in the form of long diverging rays, sometimes a wavy fire ribbon ran across the sky, sometimes a half-screaming flashing red light, in a word, we are present in all the glory of the magnificent, beautiful southern lights!

Questions for documents: 1.

What were the main goals of the creation of the Russian Geographical Society? 2. Why do you need an active study of the peoples of Russia? 3. How should he use geographic knowledge in the education of the population? 4. What impressions did the participants of the round world bring to the eternal ice?

Expand the dictionary:

Expedition is a journey of a group of people for any purpose (scientific, military, educational).

What geographical objects are named after Russian travelers

Answers:

The northernmost cape of the Asian continent is called Cape Chelyuskin, the easternmost tip of Asia is Cape Dezhnev, the strait between Novaya Zemlya and the Taimyr Peninsula is named after Boris Vilkitsky, islands in the Kara Sea are named after the polar explorers Shokalsky, Sibiryakov, Neupokoev, Isachenko, Voronin ... Among the seas, named after the famous geographers of Barents and Bering, appeared on the geographical maps of the Laptev Sea, which did not exist on the old, pre-revolutionary maps.

It was named after the remarkable Arctic explorers Khariton Prokofievich and Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev, who took part in the Great Northern Expedition of the 18th century. The strait connecting the Laptev Sea with the East Siberian Sea was also named after Dmitry Laptev, and the northwestern coast of the Taimyr Peninsula, from Pyasinsky Bay to the Taimyr Bay, was named the coast of Khariton Laptev. Towns and villages named after domestic travelers: pos.

Beringovsky (Chukotka) - V. I. Bering (navigator, captain-commander of the Russian fleet), Kropotkin (Krasnodar Territory) - P. A. Kropotkin (prince, Russian geographer and geologist), Lazarev (Khabarovsk Territory) - M. P. Lazarev (Russian traveler), Makarov (Sakhalin Region) - S. O. Makarov (Russian naval commander, oceanographer), pos.

Poyarkova (Amur region) - V.D. Poyarkov (Russian explorer), pos. Przhevalskoe (Smolensk region) - N.M. Przhevalsky (Russian traveler), g.

Khabarovsk, station Erofei Pavlovich (Amur region) - Erofei Pavlovich Khabarov (Russian explorer), Shelekhov (Shelikhov) (Irkutsk region) - G.I.

14 places named after great travelers

Shelikhov - Russian traveler; an island and a bay at the southeastern end of Kamchatka, a cape on Karaginsky Island and a mountain near Lake Kronotsky on the eastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula are named after S.P. Krasheninnikov. Geographic features named after A. I. Chirikov cape in Anadyr Bay, Russia; a cape in the Tauiskaya Bay, Russia;

Table "Russian passengers and pioneers" (pioneers)

Who: Semyon Dezhnev, Cossack chieftain, trader, seller of fur.

when: 1648

What he found: She first crossed the Bering Strait, which separates Europe from North America. Therefore, I realized that Eurasia and North America are two different continents, and they do not close.

Who: Thaddeus Bellingshausen, Russian admiral, navigator.

when: 1820th

What he found: Antarctica together with Mikhail Lazarev on the frigates Vostok and Mirny. He commanded Vostok. Before the expedition of Lazarev and Bellingshaus, nothing was known about the existence of this continent.

The Bellingshausen and Lazarev expedition finally blew up the myth of the existence of the mythical " southern continent", Which was misused in all medieval maps of Europe.

Navigators, including the famous Captain James Cook, failed for more than three hundred and fifty years in search of the "Southern Continent" in Indian Ocean and of course they didn't find anything.

Who: Kamchatka Ivan, shark and saber hunter.

when: 1650 years old.

What he found: Kamchatka is named after him.

What geographical objects do we call Czech passengers

Who: Semyon Chelyuskin, polar explorer, officer of the Russian fleet

when: 1742

What he found: The northernmost cape of Eurasia, named after Cape Chelyuskin.

Who: Ermak Timofeevich, Cossack chieftain in the service of the Russian emperor. The surname of Ermakov is unknown. Maybe Tokmak.

when: 1581-1585

What he found: conquered and explored Siberia for the Russian state.

To this end, a successful armed battle began with the Tatar huts in Siberia.

Ivan Kruzenshtern, member of the Russian fleet, admiral

when: 1803-1806.

What he found: He made a round the world tour with Yuri Lisyansky on the layers "Hope" and "Neva". Team "Hope"

Who: Yuri Lisyansky, officer of the Russian fleet, captain

when: 1803-1806.

What he found: With the wings "Hope" and "Neva" he traveled around the world with Ivan Kruzenshtern. He made Nevi.

Who: Peter Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky

when: 1856-57

What he found: The first of the Europeans studied the Tien Shan mountains. He later studied a number of areas in Central Asia. To explore mountain system and her services for science, he received the honorary name of the Tien Shan from the authorities of the Russian Empire, which he had the right to transfer and inherit.

Who: Vitus Bering

when: 1727-29

What he found: The second (after Samon Dezhnev) and the first researcher reached North America, which crossed the Bering Strait and thereby confirmed its existence. It is confirmed that North America and Eurasia are two different continents.

Who: Khabarov Erofey, Cossack, Furman

when: 1649-53

What he found: captured the Russian part of Siberia and the Far East, studied the land near the Amur River.

Who: Mikhail Lazarev, Russian naval officer.

when: 1820

What he found: Antarctica together with Thaddeus Bellingshausen on the frigates Vostok and Mirny. He made Peaceful. Before the expedition of Lazarev and Bellingshaus, nothing was known about the existence of this continent.

The Russian expedition also finally began the myth of the mythical "southern continent", which was drawn on medieval European maps that had not looked for sailors for four years.

Great travelers, navigators and discoverers

Great travelers, navigators, discoverers and their discoveries are forever recorded in the milestones of history. People are both frightened and attracted by the unknown, especially when it comes to our planet.

The Middle Ages, when very little was known about the Earth, were marked by a number of fantastic discoveries made by brave seafarers from different countries Europe.

Any cultured person for whom history is not an empty phrase can easily name such great travelers as James Cook, Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama and many others.

All of them lived at a time when travel was full of danger, uncertainty and often reckless adventurism.

Ships, driven only by the wind and oarsmen's oars, plowed the oceans, hoping to land on unexplored land.

Imagine that trip around the world, committed on ships under the leadership of Magellan, lasted three years.

Of the five ships, only one returned to Spain, out of two hundred and eighty people, forty survived, and the great navigator was not one of them.

Coming from distant countries the discoverers often surprised the people with their amazing discoveries and stories about unusual phenomena that they had to meet.

For example, Francisco de Orellana, famous for being the first to sail the entire Amazon, claimed that he met a warlike Amazon tribe on the banks of the river - in fact, this is where the name of the longest river in the world arose.

Walter Raleigh, an English navigator who visited North America, talked about the ugly people who inhabited the New World.

Allegedly, they had no heads, and their eyes and mouth were located directly on the body. In addition, according to him, his expedition saw the Golden Eldorado.

After Bellingshausen and Lazarev, the discoverers of Antarctica, mapped the last continent on the world map in 1820, the time for great discoveries was over. Now travel lovers had only to walk the unbeaten paths along famous lands and sail the seas that have long had their names.

Nevertheless, in the twentieth century, there were great navigators whose discoveries are amazing.

That there is only one Thor Heyerdahl, with his team crossed Pacific Ocean on a raft made of beams.

Now there are no barriers for those who like to test themselves for strength, and to look for adventures on their own heads. They float along rivers, cross mountains and deserts, wander around the world no longer in order to map new territory - these travelers will no longer become pioneers. They challenge nature, without suffering from a lack of connection with civilization and its benefits.

With the first manned flight into space, the era of space travel began.

The vast expanses of the Universe are calling their heroes to make new discoveries. Several astronauts have already visited the moon, landing on Mars is not far off.

Perhaps soon science fiction novels about distant planets and extraterrestrial civilizations will become a reality, and new great travelers and their discoveries will be included in history books.