Far east unique posts. Natural complexes of the Far East. Russian Far East

Natural unique Of the Far East. Teacher : Let's listen to the messages of your classmates about the natural unicums of the Far East Valley of Geysers. Eastern Kamchatka is the only region in Russia with periodically gushing geysers. active volcanoes on the Eastern volcanic plateau, composed of lava sheets, tuffs, ash and elevated up to 600-1000 m. Numerous geysers are confined to these volcanoes. The Valley of Geysers is the greatest attraction of Kamchatka. For the first time, geysers were discovered by an employee of the Kronotsky Reserve G.I. Here, in a deep canyon-like gorge, there are several groups of geysers. Among them are "First-nets", "Giant", "Triple", "Fountain", "Zhem-alien", "Double" and others - only 20 geysers, 10 large pulsating springs and more than 300 small, boiling and free pouring out. The largest geyser "Giant" operates in a very original way. Its eruption does not last long - two minutes, but dense vapor continues to rise for another 10-15 minutes, covering the adjacent parts of the valley. Grand fir grove(Kamchatka) on east coast Kamchatka is part of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve. These are unusually slender and beautiful trees, their height reaches 13 m, the trunk diameter is 20-25 cm, the needles contain essential oils and smell nice. Botanists attribute the grandiose fir to the ancient (pre-glacial) vegetation. Lake Khanka- the largest in the Far East. Located 69 m above ocean level. Its length is up to 95 km, width is up to 65 km, area is more than 4 thousand square meters. km, average depth about 4 m. 13 rivers flow into it. The lake is rich in fish. On the lake, there is a relict lotus plant, a giant water lily, the leaves of which reach 2 m in diameter, and a water nut. Lazovsky (Sudzukhinsky) a reserve (area of ​​116.5 thousand hectares) on the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan, in the cedar-deciduous forests of which tigers, lynxes, sables, bears, wild boars, sika deer and red deer, pheasants and hazel grouses live. The small (about 30 hectares) Petrov Island, located 1 km from the coast of the Xiaohe Bay, is also a part of the reserve. Petrov Island is an archaeological and natural landmark of Primorye. It was inhabited a few centuries ago. In the relict yew grove, some trees are 200-300 years old. IV... Securing new material- mark on the contour map geographic objects- what are the main factors underlying the zoning of the Far East; - what type of climate is typical for the region; - Compare the natural complexes of the northern and southern parts of the Far East, indicate their significant differences. 3. Describe the natural complexes of Kamchatka. - What is the main difference between the natural complexes of the island parts of the Far East and the mainland ones? VI... Homework briefing Paragraph 42, proceed with filling in the table, prepare contour maps Topic: Population and economic development of the Far East Lesson objectives: 1. To study the population and specialization of the economy of the economic region. To show the influence of the features of EGP on the development of the economy of the Far East. 2. Improve the ability to work according to a standard plan, analyze statistical data, atlas maps. Students should know: 1. EGP of the Far East. 2. Population and specialization of the district economy. 3. Lack of labor resources . Students should be able to: 1. Perform practical tasks on a contour map. 2. Be able to analyze statistical data, maps of the atlas. 3. Show nomenclature objects. Lesson type: Workshop with lecture elements.Lesson equipment: Physical and economic maps of the Far East. Map of the distribution and density of the population of the Far East. Statistical table "Territory and population of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation". Tasks for practical work.

During the classes.

During the classes

Organizing time.

Repetition and knowledge testing

Almost the entire territory of the Far East belongs to the area of ​​the Cenozoic folding. The area is often subject to earthquakes and seaquakes. Most of the precipitation in the south of the Far East falls in winter. Far Eastern rivers are predominantly flat. Amur is the largest waterway in the Far East. The largest of the lakes in the region is Khanka. Vegetable and animal world The Far East is poorer. Than Siberia and the European part of Russia. Volcano Klyuchevskaya Sopka is located on the island. Sakhalin. In Primorye, the climate is monsoon. The Ussuri tiger lives in the taiga of the Far East. The shores of the Far East are washed by 3 seas. Whales and seals are found in the Chukchi Sea.

Lesson motto: “Who else if not us?

When, if not now? "

Problems of Russia's inclusion in world processes. The place and role of Russia in the world economy

1. Tell us about the natural unique places of the Far East?

Valley of Geysers. Eastern Kamchatka is the only region in Russia with periodically gushing geysers. Most of the active volcanoes are on the Eastern Volcanic Plateau, raised to 600-1000 m. Numerous geysers are confined to these volcanoes. The Valley of Geysers is the greatest attraction of Kamchatka. Among them are Pervenets, Giant, Triple, Fountain, Pearl, Double, etc. - only 20 geysers, 10 large pulsating springs and more than 300 small, boiling and freely pouring out. The largest geyser, the Giant, operates in a very original way. Its eruption does not last long - two minutes, but dense steam continues to rise for another 10-15 minutes, covering the adjacent parts of the valley.

The grandiose fir grove (Kamchatka) on the eastern coast of Kamchatka is part of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve. These are unusually slender and beautiful trees, their height reaches 13 m, the trunk diameter is 20-25 cm, the needles contain essential oils and smell good. Botanists attribute the grandiose fir to the ancient (preglacial) vegetation.

Lake Khanka is the largest in the Far East. Located 69 m above sea level. Its length is up to 95 km, width is up to 65 km, area is more than 4 thousand km2, average depth is about 4 m. 13 rivers flow into it. The lake is rich in fish. The lake is home to a relict lotus plant, a giant water lily, the leaves of which reach 2 m in diameter, and a water nut.

Lazovsky (Sudzukhinsky) Nature Reserve (area 116.5 thousand hectares) on the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan, in the cedar-broad-deciduous forests of which tigers, lynxes, sables, bears, wild boars, sika deer and red deer, pheasants and hazel grouses live. The small (about 30 hectares) Petrov Island, located 1 km from the coast of the Xiaohe Bay, is also a part of the reserve. Petrov Island is an archaeological and natural landmark of Primorye. It was inhabited several centuries ago. In the relict yew grove, some trees are 200-300 years old.

2. What natural uniqueums of the Far East are included in the list of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage? On the List of Seven Wonders of Russia? Why?

Volcanoes of Kamchatka, Central Sikhote-Alin, Wrangel Island, Lena Pillars. The Valley of Geysers is included in the List of Seven Wonders of Russia.

3. What territories of the Far East are the most attractive for tourists?

The first thing that attracts tourists to the Far East is its unique, almost virgin nature. For example, the South Kuril Islands is a chance to simultaneously see many volcanoes, thermal springs, beautiful waterfalls... In the Primorsky Territory, bathing and beach tourism can develop in combination with such popular destinations as ecological, cognitive, educational tourism. There is hardly another region that could boast of such an abundance of animals and plants listed in the Red Book. There are several famous nature reserves in the region. For example, "Cedar Pad" is a real jungle that meets a person with an abundance of rare birds, animals, dense thickets of plants. The Khanka nature reserve is located on the shores of one of the largest freshwater lakes in Asia - Khanka. In the Lazovsky Reserve, you can see the Ussuri tiger, Himalayan bear and other rare animals in natural conditions. The Far Eastern Marine Reserve - the only one in Russia - is a whole underwater world, characterized by its own life, its own laws.

The position of the territory of the Far East on the border of the largest continent and the largest ocean of the Earth significantly influenced the features of the natural-territorial complexes of the region and their location. Sea air masses arriving on land in summer are colder than the continent.

Therefore, due to the cost of heat for heating them, summer air temperatures over the coast are much lower than in the inner parts of the continent. Sea air brings a lot of moisture, which leads to an increase in precipitation compared to inland regions.

These conditions are the main reason for the sharp shift in the Far East to the south of the boundaries of natural zones in comparison with the mainland territories.

Using the atlas maps, determine how far south in the Far East is the border of the tundra and taiga zones in comparison with Eastern Siberia.

The physical and geographical zoning of the Far East is based on two factors: features of the surface structure and the nature of vegetation. Consider the most typical physical and geographical regions of the Far East: Chukotka tundra highlands, Kamchatka young tundra-wooded mountains, Sakhalin island with coniferous-deciduous forests, Ussuri taiga.

Chukotka Upland. The climate of the Chukotka Upland is one of the harshest in the Far East.

Therefore, the Chukchi Upland is a combination of flat and mountain tundra with a mountainous Arctic desert.

In the north of the Chukotka Peninsula, the mountain tundra rises no higher than 100-200 m, in the south the tundra is much higher. Reindeer, arctic fox, lemmings and tundra partridges are common inhabitants of the tundra. A lot of waterfowl nest in the swampy lowlands. On the coast of the Chukchi Sea there are walrus rookeries, and on the coastal rocks there are bird colonies.

Kamchatka Peninsula... Kamchatka is a country of natural contrasts, extraordinary originality, and captivating beauty. Mountains, active and extinct volcanoes, vast valleys and lowlands, mountain and lowland rivers, cold and hot mineral springs- all this is on the peninsula.

This is one of the most remote corners of the country from the European center of Russia. About 2/3 of Kamchatka's area is occupied by mountains. This is an area of ​​young folded volcanic mountains with tundra and wooded vegetation. Two ridges stretch along the entire peninsula - Sredinny and Vostochny, separated by the Central Kamchatka depression with the Kamchatka River flowing through it. The ridges are crowned with volcanic cones with snow caps and glaciers. From time to time, Kamchatka is shaken by volcanic eruptions. On the peninsula, there are about 30 operating and more than 130 extinct volcanoes... One of the most active and highest volcanoes mira - Klyuchevskaya Sopka, its height is 4750 m.

Find the active volcanoes of Kamchatka on the map in the atlas, write their names on the contour map. Remember the names.

Active volcanic activity affects many other features of nature. So, as a result of eruptions, soils periodically receive additional portions of primary minerals, which ensures their high fertility.

Forecast volcanic eruptions is engaged in the science of volcanology. Almost all large volcanoes special stations have been created, at which, with the help of modern instruments, they monitor the temperature of the rocks, conduct chemical analysis of gases, and listen to the crater of the volcano. In a few days, it is possible to predict the beginning of the intensification of volcanic activity and warn the inhabitants of the surrounding towns and villages.

Volcanologists are humans dangerous profession... Sometimes they have to work on flows of not yet cooled lava, descend into the crater of a volcano, be under the "fire" of hot stones, near hot lava with a temperature of about + 1300 ° C.

Kamchatka climate characterized by excess moisture throughout the year. The driest and warmest place is the Central Kamchatka depression.

Explain the distribution of heat and moisture in Kamchatka by comparing the climatic and physical maps of the atlas and the textbook.

Rice. 131. Volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula

The Kamchatka Peninsula occupies a subzone of coniferous-birch park forests. The specificity of this subzone is the predominance of small-leaved trees (stone and Japanese birches) over conifers and the wide distribution of tall grasses.

Stone birch has a gray or reddish bark and a dense curly crown: the height of trees usually does not exceed 10 m. Due to the curvature of the trunk, stone birch is little used in construction, but is mainly used for firewood and handicrafts. However, stone birch forests play an important water and soil protection role.

Among the grasses, the silkworm, the basil, the bear's pipe and other umbellates are common.

The mountain ranges are covered with thickets of dwarf cedar and dwarf alder, and even higher are mountain tundra, alpine meadows and the snowy zone of Kamchatka glaciers.

Rice. 132. Scheme of monsoon circulation in summer and winter time(arrows show wind direction, numbers - atmospheric pressure, in mb)

A very large brown bear, Kamchatka sable, squirrel, chipmunk, lynx, Kamchatka nutcracker, etc. live in cedar dwarf trees. Reindeer live in mountain tundra, and bighorn sheep graze on alpine mountain meadows.

History reference... The first information about Kamchatka was obtained from the "fairy tales" (reports) of explorers. The honor of discovering Kamchatka belongs to Vladimir Atlasov, who made campaigns there in 1697-1699. Soon Kamchatka was incorporated into Russia. He also drew up a drawing (map) of Kamchatka and gave its detailed description.

As a result of the First (1725-1730) and Second (1733-1743) Kamchatka expeditions led by the famous Russian navigator Vitus Bering, the division of Asia was confirmed and North America, the Aleutian and Commander Islands were discovered, maps were compiled, and the most valuable material about Kamchatka was collected. S. P. Krasheninnikov took part in the Second Kamchatka Expedition, whose work "Description of the Land of Kamchatka" is one of the classic works of geographical literature.

In the XIX century. the voyages from St. Petersburg to Russian America began with the obligatory call to Kamchatka, to Petropavlovsk. During this period, Petropavlovsk became the main base of Russia in the Far East. The city stretches on the shores of the unusually beautiful Avacha Bay, which juts deeply into the land of the Avacha Bay. Avachinskaya, Koryakskaya and Vilyuchinskaya hills rise above it.

Sakhalin is the most big Island Russia, its area is 76 400 km 2, its length from north to south is more than 900 km, the greatest width is 160 km, the smallest is 47 km.

What strait separates the island from the mainland and where is the border between Russia and Japan?

The island is mountainous, but the mountains are not high - the average height is 500-800 m. The highest point of the island is Mount Lopatina in the East Sakhalin Mountains. Its height is 1609 m above sea level. Sakhalin is located in the seismically active zone of the Pacific Ring of Fire, which is associated with frequent earthquakes within its boundaries. The latter, with a force of 8 points, occurred in 1995. geological structure Sakhalin is dominated by sedimentary rocks, which are associated with oil, gas, building materials.

A characteristic feature of the Sakhalin climate- high relative humidity and frequent winds. Precipitation is clearly distributed over the seasons of the year, which is explained by the dominance of monsoon circulation.

There are many short, rapids mountain rivers and mountain and valley lakes on the island. The flora and fauna of the island is poorer than on the mainland. But in the adjacent sea waters, species that have disappeared or are very rare on the mainland have survived, for example, a one and a half meter sea otter and a two meter fur seal. Deer moss can be found in the north of the island, and magnolias in bloom in the far south.

Two-thirds of Sakhalin's territory is covered by forests. In the north, dominated by light-coniferous taiga from Daurian larch with an admixture of birches and alder; in the south - dark coniferous forests of ayan spruce, fir with an admixture of broad-leaved species - oak, yew. Thickets of bamboo and lianas are widespread throughout the south.

Primorye, or Primorsky Krai, located in the southern part of the Far East, on the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan. Such European countries as Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark and Switzerland, taken together, could freely accommodate on its territory. The appearance of the region is characterized by numerous ridges, ridges and free-standing hills. Tectonically, they are quite young. Almost all the mountains of Primorye belong to mountainous country Sikhote-Alin.

The monsoon climate characteristic of the entire Far East in Primorye is most pronounced.

By the amount of solar heat, Primorye occupies one of the first places in Russia, not inferior to Black Sea coast Caucasus.

Using the maps of the textbook, determine how much solar radiation the regions of Vladivostok receive, what is the duration of the frost-free period there.

Rice. 133. Ussuriysky reserve

The abundance of moisture in summer contributes to the development of a powerful vegetation cover. Most of the territory of Primorye is occupied by the famous Ussuri taiga, in which conifers and broad-leaved species are combined in the most bizarre way. Cedar and larch grow alongside Manchu walnut and Amur velvet. Over 250 species of trees and shrubs grow in the forests of the region. Primorye occupies one of the first places in Russia in terms of the number of endemics - plants that are common only in this area. Only here grow Amur velvet (cork tree), iron birch, etc. There are many relict plants in the region that have survived since the Neogene.

The fauna of Primorye is diverse and rich. The endemics include the Ussuri tiger, the leatherback turtle, the remains of the Neogene and Quaternary fauna include the sika deer, the black Ussuri bear, the Amur antelope goral, a small graceful mandarin duck, striking beauty its plumage, earthen thrush, etc.

Up to hundreds of fish species live in the lakes and rivers of the region. In coniferous-deciduous forests, there are many midges and ticks that harm humans and animals.

Stepan Petrovich Krasheninnikov (1711-1755)

Stepan Petrovich Krasheninnikov - famous traveler, geographer, botanist, ichthyologist, ethnographer, historian and linguist - was born in Moscow on October 31 (11.XI) 1711.

In August 1733 S. Krasheninnikov was included in the Kamchatka expedition, whose task was to study and describe the little-known regions of Siberia and Kamchatka. During 1733-1736 S.P. Krasheninnikov studied the nature of Siberia, visited Tobolsk, Altai, Transbaikalia, Irkutsk, Yakutsk. From October 1737 to June 1741 Stepan Petrovich lived and worked in Kamchatka. The result of the expeditionary work was the publication of the work "Description of the Land of Kamchatka" (1756). It was read by scientists - geographers and historians, and writers, including A.S. Pushkin. The name of the scientist-traveler is a volcano in Kamchatka, a cape on Karaginsky Island, a cape on Novaya Zemlya.

Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky (1839-1888)

N. M. Przhevalsky is a famous Russian traveler, explorer of Central Asia. For his services he was elected an honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

He made his first trip to the Ussuri region. After that, he led five large expeditions to Central Asia(from 1870 to 1888). Przhevalsky discovered the giant Altin-tag ridge, visited Lake Lobnor, described the sources of the Yellow River and the upper reaches of the Yangtze, explored the Takla-Makan Desert, discovered hundreds of species of plants and animals, including a wild horse, later named the Przewalski's horse, a Tibetan bear.

During the fifth expedition N.M. Przhevalsky fell ill and died on the shores of Lake Issyk-Kul in the city of Karakol.

The study of the nature of the region was carried out by the expeditions of M.I. Venyukov (1858), N.M. Przhevalsky (1867-1869), V.K. Arsenyev (1906-1910).

Rice. 134. Research of the Far East

Natural unique objects of the Far East. Valley of Geysers.

Eastern Kamchatka is the only region in Russia with periodically gushing geysers.

Most of the active volcanoes are on the Eastern Volcanic Plateau, raised to 600-1000 m. Numerous geysers are confined to these volcanoes. The Valley of Geysers is the greatest attraction of Kamchatka, which was mentioned in the "Description of the Land of Kamchatka" by SP Krasheninnikov. For the first time, geysers were described in detail by an employee of the Kronotsky Reserve GI Ustinova in 1941. Having penetrated the river, which later became known as the Geysernaya (a tributary of the Shumnaya River), she discovered several groups of geysers in a deep canyon-like gorge. Among them are Pervenets, Giant, Triple, Fountain, Pearl, Double, etc. - only 20 geysers, 10 large pulsating springs and more than 300 small, boiling and freely pouring out. The largest geyser, the Giant, operates in a very original way. Its eruption does not last long - two minutes, but dense steam continues to rise for another 10-15 minutes, covering the adjacent parts of the valley. In 2007, the Valley of Geysers suffered from mudflows.

Rice. 135. Autumn in the Primorsky Territory

Grand fir grove(Kamchatka) on the east coast of Kamchatka is part of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve. These are unusually slender and beautiful trees, their height reaches 13 m, the trunk diameter is 20-25 cm, the needles contain essential oils and smell good. Botanists attribute the grandiose fir to the ancient (preglacial) vegetation.

Lake Khanka- the largest in the Far East. Located 69 m above sea level. Its length is up to 95 km, width is up to 65 km, area is more than 4 thousand km 2, average depth is about 4 m. 13 rivers flow into it. The lake is rich in fish. The lake is home to a relict lotus plant, a giant water lily, the leaves of which reach 2 m in diameter, and a water nut.

Lazovsky (Sudzukhinsky) nature reserve(area of ​​116.5 thousand hectares) on the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan, in the cedar-broad-deciduous forests of which tigers, lynxes, sables, bears, wild boars, sika deer and red deer, pheasants and hazel grouses live. The small (about 30 hectares) Petrov Island, located 1 km from the coast of the Xiaohe Bay, is also a part of the reserve. Petrov Island is an archaeological and natural landmark of Primorye. It was inhabited several centuries ago. In the relict yew grove, some trees are 200-300 years old.

Questions and tasks

1. Indicate what are the main factors underlying the physical and geographical zoning of the Far East, and name the most typical natural complexes for it.
2. Compare the natural complexes of the northern and southern parts of the Far East.
3. Describe the natural complexes of Kamchatka.
4. What is the main difference between the natural complexes of the island parts of the Far East and the mainland ones?
5. On the outline map area, apply all the geographical objects indicated in the text, underline the names of those associated with the names of the researchers of the region.

A fascinating lesson-trip to the Russian Far East will be made by students within 45 minutes. A vivid presentation about the nature of the region, a mini-performance, a fascinating story of pupils-guides will help the children get acquainted with the natural complexes and unique ones of this region of Russia.

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Development of

lesson of the teacher of geography MBOU "School No. 15 of Zelenodolsk RT" Garipova Jamily Nailevna on the topic " Natural complexes and the only ones in the Far East ”.

Tasks:

educational- consider the features and main features of the nature of the Far East, expand and deepen the knowledge of students about the uniqueness of the nature of the region;

developing - to form the skills and abilities of working with additional literature, Internet resources; to intensify the cognitive activity of students, intersubject communications;

educational - patriotic education, environmental education.

Methods: explanatory and illustrative, partly search, comparative, problematic.

Equipment: presentations, physical map of Russia, atlases, student messages.

Lesson form: travel lesson.

Lesson type: combined.

During the classes:

1. Organizing time.
2. Frontal poll.

We continue to get acquainted with the Far East. What do we know about him?

Questions:

1. How many kilometers does the Far East stretch from north to south?
2. What oceans is it washed by?
3. Which one has the greatest impact on the nature of the region?
4. The relief of the region is dominated by _____
5. Why?
6. What folded areas are represented in the east of the country.
7. What processes are typical for Cenozoic folding areas?
8. Which a natural phenomenon related to them?
9. In what climatic zones is the region located?
10. Most of it?
11. Name the rivers and lakes of the Far East.
12. Why do most rivers of this region have floods in the warm part of the year?

3. Learning new material.

The topic of the lesson is “Natural Complexes, Unique in the Far East”.

State its purpose.

The purpose of the lesson: to get acquainted with the peculiarities of the nature of large industrial complexes of the Far East, with its unique ones.

The nature of the Far East is extraordinary. There is a lot in this region that is not found anywhere else in Russia. Where else can you see a spruce entwined with grapes, a blue magpie or a black squirrel? Where else do birches grow: white, black, yellow, stone? Where else do tigers roam in the snow? Where can you see bears wintering in tree holes? Only here you can see bear fishing. Admire the fire-breathing volcano, look deep into the Earth.

Today we will go on a trip to the Far East. Your classmates will be your guides. The task of the class is to listen carefully, find objects on the map, make short notes, be ready for the questions of our guides.

Where would you like to visit?

Let's start our journey with Chukotka.

Local residents joke: "It is winter here for 12 months, and the rest of the year is summer."

Slide show.

Two students act out the story "Chukotka" by Vasily Sadkovsky.

“A long time ago, when I was just getting used to life in Anadyr, the old-timers reassured me:“ We still have nothing, it’s warm here in the summer, like in Sochi, and mosquitoes don’t bite too much. Here on Cape Schmidt - there, yes, there is a horror of what is going on ... It brought me to Cape Schmidt, I saw enough how guys fly from the roofs of two-story buildings on sledges - such snowdrifts are outlined. But the northerners were cheerful: “Okay, this is normal for us. Not like in Pevek. There, can you imagine, the stones are flying! " And for sure, in Pevek there are such powerful winds - "yuzhaki" that small pebbles, like bullets, whistle through the streets. “Oh, well, what a marvel! And we all wear motorcycle glasses, - the singers showed me a set of rocker glasses for the whole family. “You’ll never knock your eye out!” Here on the island of Ayon! ...

I visited the island of Ayon, and we sat with our legs dangling from the cliff to the Arctic Ocean, with one of its few inhabitants. “It’s like we live on a weather vane,” he said happily. The main thing is that the winds go horizontally. Nothing life! But…".

Question to students:

How can you explain the snowdrifts with a two-story house on Cape Schmidt? (Passage of cyclones along the Arctic front).

Kamchatka.

Reading historical background in the textbook by I.I.Barinova, page 232.

A story about Kamchatka, slide show.

Features of FGP Kamchatka, relief.

Pages 33-34 - Behind the pages of a geography textbook.

Guys, I can't walk past this birch. Here it is called stone. This birch is the oldest of all birch trees in the world. It appeared in pre-Quaternary time. Maybe that's why, or maybe because of the constant frenzied winds from the Pacific Ocean, most of its trunks are bent, as if hunched over from old age. And wood - you can't cut it with an ax, really stone. A stone birch lives, like an oak, up to 500 or even more years, while an ordinary birch does not survive for 200 years.

Questions to students:

Who discovered Kamchatka?

What volcanoes have you met?

What is the tallest one?

Name the geysers of Kamchatka.

Kurile Islands.

“The volcanoes Tyatya, Ivan the Terrible, Kucheryavy, Nemo, Trident, Kolokol, islands with names and unnamed ones - the Kuril seamounts with peaks on the surface stretch for more than a thousand kilometers. The depths in these places are such that if the ocean was drained, climbers would have to storm the peaks higher than Chomolungma.

Even with small stops you cannot go round the Kuril Islands by sea even in six months. Fogs. Typhoons. Stormy current in the straits between the islands. Treacherous pitfalls marked on maps with the word "traps". All this forces the captains to be circumspect. "

Vasily Peskov "Journey with a Young Month".

Ilya Muromets waterfall.

Questions to students:

What is the origin of the Kuriles?

Name the most large islands this ridge.

What is the height of the high waterfall Russia - Ilya Muromets?

Sakhalin island.

Guys, what do you know about Sakhalin Island? (The largest island off the coast of Russia, mainland in origin).

P. 232 textbooks, reading brief information about the island.

Sakhalin is unique not only for its impressive size, but its nature is no less unique.

“Sakhalin, as it were, set itself a goal, squeezing three belts, to combine the subarctic, the temperate taiga zone and the subtropics, bypassing the steppe because of its excessive moisture. On Sakhalin it costs nothing to meet larch and dwarf cedar, generated by the harshest living conditions; next to bamboo and creepers of wild grapes ”, blooming mugnolia.

“For someone who has not been to Sakhalin, it’s probably difficult to imagine that under a helomino burdock, almost 1.5 meters in diameter, like under an umbrella, two people can hide from the rain. Grass, for example, Sakhalin buckwheat or butterbur 3 meters high, cannot be placed in an ordinary herbarium. Rarely did anyone pick blueberries at the height of their breasts. The umbrella plant, the bear root, generally grows more than four meters with a trunk, like a subarctic larch. ”(P. 145)

The history of the island is interesting. (P. 146)

Stories "Fish Island" and "A Little History" from the book "Living Geography" by Yu.P. Pimurzin.

Questions to students:

Name the most high point islands (Mount Lopatina). Define her absolute height and geographic coordinates.

What natural zones are represented on Sakhalin? (Tundra, taiga, subtropics).

Ussuri taiga.

The Tatar Strait separates the island from Primorye, this is the name of the territory of the Far East in its southern part.

Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky made his first trip to the Ussuri region.

“When I saw this for the first time, I vividly imagined a picture of a rainforest, ... tall trees, striking the sight of a spruce entwined with grapes, a cork tree and a walnut, next to a cedar and a fir”.

A story about the Ussuri taiga, slide show.

The story of the lotus.(magazine "Geography in School" No. 3 2003)

The Khingansky Nature Reserve, located in the Amur Region, is inhabited by the Komarov lotus. It is a perennial aquatic plant with a powerful rhizome (up to 2 meters), floating thyroid leaves up to 50 cm in diameter. Lotus flowers are large emerging (up to 25 cm in diameter). The plant is listed in the Red Book.

Lotus is a tropical plant that is a relic of the Tertiary era. The great vitality of this relic is striking! In 1933, in the famous botanical garden Kew, near London, has bloomed lotus plants grown from seeds that are 400 years old. In 1961, in Japan, at a depth of 6 meters, a man's camp was found, where they found three lotus nuts. In the Tokyo Botanic Gardens, they sprouted and the plants bloomed, although the seeds had lain in the ground for 5,000 years.

Questions to students:

From the stories of our guides, you saw how unique and beautiful the nature of the Far East is. How can you explain its uniqueness?

Answers:

1. Great length from north to south;
2. Weak manifestation of glacial activity in the Quaternary;
3. Permanent territorial unity with the rest of Asia and the past connection of Asia with America in the Bering Strait region.

The ecological situation in the region.

Nature itself makes its own adjustments in changing the appearance of the region. We saw this on the example of the Valley of Geysers in Kamchatka. But even greater, sometimes irreparable interference with nature is rendered by human activity.

What is it?

• Mining;
• Deforestation (and this is someone's house);
• Fishing (sometimes predatory);
• Hunting for animals of land, sea;
• Industrial production;
• Radioactive contamination of the Sea of ​​Japan.

What are the consequences of this intervention?

• Subsoil depletion;
• Reduction of forest areas, animal habitats;
• Depletion of fish resources;
• Disappearance of animals, disruption of biosystems;
• Pollution of water, air, soil, etc.

What ways of solving the problems that have arisen can you suggest?

Creation of reserves, national parks;

Use of modern treatment facilities;

High fines for environmental pollution, poaching;

4. Summing up the results of the lesson.

Grading.

5.Homework:

1. prepare a report on any nature reserve in the region;

or

2. On the map of the Far East you can find unusual names geographic sites, For example,

the bay and peninsula of Patience on the island. Sakhalin;

the Strait of Hope in the Kuril Islands;

Some objects are named, for example,

Peter the Great Bay in Primorye, the Nevelskoy Strait between Sakhalin Island and the mainland, etc.

Continue the list. Perhaps someone will prepare a report on the brave pioneers, whose names bear the geographical objects of the map of the Far East.

The article talks about unique natural sites that are in this territory. Contains information about the relief, flora and fauna of the region. Provides detailed physical and geographical characteristics of the most remote but richest region of Russia.

Russian Far East

The Far East is usually called the territory of Russia, which is located off the Pacific coast. Its area is 6215.9 thousand km. sq.

If the Far East is understood as the Far Eastern Federal District, then its capital is Khabarovsk, and the capital of Primorsky Krai is Vladivostok. This question is often confusing.

This territory belongs to the located directly in Pacific a natural area that belongs to the Kuril archipelago.

Rice. 1. Far East on the map.

The territory consists of the following parts:

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• mainland;
• peninsular;
• island.

Besides Kuril Islands the territory includes the Kamchatka Peninsula, Sakhalin Island, the Commander Islands and other solitary islands located at the eastern borders of Russia.

In Kamchatka, there is one of the notable unique colleges of the Far East - the Valley of Geysers.

Rice. 2. Valley of Geysers.

This is the only region in Russia with periodically gushing geysers.

There are developed sea communications and therefore many ports are located on the territory of the Far East.

However, the presence of a large number of ports also gives rise to problems associated with illegal fishing.

The length of the region from northeast to southwest is quite large and is equal to 4.5 thousand kilometers.

The northern regions of the territories are located in the Arctic Circle, and there is almost always snow here.

Almost all seas washing the coast are not completely cleared of ice even in summer.

The lands of this area are dominated by the permafrost. Tundra reigns here for the most part.

In the southern part of the region, conditions are slightly milder.

The close proximity to the Pacific Ocean has a strong impact on the climate of the Far East.

The region is localized at the junction of two massive lithospheric plates. The southern Far Eastern region is characterized by a predominance of low and medium-altitude mountain ranges.

Only 1/4 of the territory of the Far East is covered by plains.

Natural resources

TO geographic features include, first of all, the unique economic and geographical position of the territory. They are characterized by alienation from the main and most inhabited regions of the country.

The next factor is natural potential. The Far East is ranked among the richest regions of Russia.

Here is mined:

• diamonds - 98%;
• tin - 80%;
• boric raw materials - 90%;
• gold - 50%.

The location of the Far East on the border of the majestic continent and the largest ocean on the globe had a significant impact on the features of the natural-territorial complexes of the region, as well as on their location.

In addition to the anthropogenic factor, the environmental problems of the region include the problem of wastewater.

The inland waters of the Far East suffer greatly from this - the region is recognized as the fish treasury of Russia. And this is not surprising, since it is enough to imagine what seas the territory of the Far East is washed by. The list is pretty impressive:

• Laptev sea;
• East-Siberian Sea;
• Chukchi Sea;
• Bering Sea;
• Sea of ​​Okhotsk;
• Japanese Sea.

The landscape of the area began its formation in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Then folded zones and intermontane depressions appeared.

The highest parts of the mountains in the past were dominated by glaciers. This is evidenced by the preserved small relief-forming forms.

The highest height of the Kuril Mountains - 2339 m. - Alaid volcano.

Rice. 3. Alaid volcano.

Powerful (up to 10 points) earthquakes often occur here. They are also the cause of the tsunami.

The Far Eastern reserves are one of the largest in Russia. The nature in these parts is rather harsh. This is explained by mainland in the north and northeast, it is adjacent to the waters of the Arctic basin.

Arctic fox can often be found in the tundra, polar bear or reindeer. Squirrels, lynxes, wolverines and brown bears are common in the taiga. In the warm season, the tundra floods a large number of migratory birds. In the taiga, birds are represented by hazel grouses, wood grouses, woodpeckers, nuthatches and blackbirds. V highlands of the animals, snow leopards and musk deer live mainly.

What have we learned?

We found out what features and specific features the territory possesses. Found out which ecological problems are the most relevant. We found out which seas wash the shores of the Far Eastern region.

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