Oceanian islands presentation by choice. Oceania - presentation. Oceania Political Map

Most of the countries of Oceania have a very weak economy, which is due to several reasons: limited natural resources, remoteness from world markets for products, a shortage of highly qualified specialists. Many states depend on financial assistance from other countries. The economy of most countries in Oceania is based on Agriculture(copra and palm oil production) and fishing. Among the most important crops are coconut, bananas, breadfruit. Possessing huge exclusive economic zones and not having a large fishing fleet, the governments of the Oceania countries issue fishing licenses to vessels of other states (mainly Japan, Taiwan, the USA), which significantly replenishes the state budget. The mining industry is most developed in Papua New Guinea, Nauru, New Caledonia, and New Zealand. Recently, measures have been taken to develop the tourism sector of the economy.

Oceania is the world's largest cluster of islands located in the western and central Pacific Ocean. When dividing the entire land mass into parts of the world, Oceania is usually united with Australia into a single part of the world, Australia and Oceania. The islands of Oceania are washed by numerous Pacific seas (Coral Sea, Tasman Sea, Fiji Sea, Koro Sea, Solomon Sea, New Guinea Sea, Philippine Sea) and Indian oceans(Arafura Sea). The total area of the islands is 1.26 million km² (together with Australia 8.52 million km²), the population is about 10.7 million people. (together with Australia 32.6 million people). Oceania is geographically subdivided into Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia; sometimes singled out New Zealand

Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia New Guinea, Solomon, New Hebrides, Fiji, New Caledonia Mariana, Caroline, Marshals, Gilbert New Zealand, Tonga, Samoa, Societies, Marquesas, Tuamotu, Easter, Hawaiian "Melas" - in Greek "black" "-" island ", they are inhabited by negroid tribes with black skin. Region of very small islands" micro "-" small "This group includes everything else a large number of islands "poly" - "many" - "islands"

Countries of Oceania The modern political map of Oceania was formed for a long time. Many islands are still the possessions of the United States (Hawaiian Islands), Great Britain, France, Australia. Until the early 60s of the 20th century, there was one independent state - New Zealand, and now there are more than 10. The smallest is Nauru (one island), And Kiribati - 30 islands.

Natural features The islands of volcanic origin have mountainous terrain. Coral islands(atolls) are in the form of a solid or broken ring. In the center of the island is a shallow lagoon. On some islands, copper, coal, phosphorites, oil, natural gas are mined. Most of The islands lie in the equatorial and tropical zones, so there are high temperatures and a lot of precipitation. In the past, the islands of Oceania were a single land, but as a result of the rise in the level of the World Ocean, a significant part of the surface was under water. The relief of these islands is mountainous and highly dissected. For instance, highest mountains Oceania, including Mount Jaya (5029 m), are located on the island of New Guinea. Mount Jaya in Western New Guinea (Indonesia) highest point Oceania.

Mineral resources of the islands On most of the islands of Oceania, there are no minerals, only the largest of them are being developed: nickel (New Caledonia), oil and gas (New Guinea island, New Zealand), copper (Bougainville island in Papua New Guinea), gold ( New Guinea, Fiji), phosphates (on most islands, deposits are almost or have already been developed, for example, in Nauru, on the Banaba, Makatea islands). In the past, many islands in the region have been actively developing guano, a decomposed dung of seabirds that has been used as a nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. On the ocean floor of the exclusive economic zone of a number of countries, there are large accumulations of ferromanganese nodules, as well as cobalt, but at the moment no development is being carried out due to economic inexpediency.

Economy of Oceania The main industry is tropical agriculture. Coconut palms are grown on the plantations. Tea coffee. Bananas, sugarcane, pineapples. Particularly prized is copra - the dried pulp of a coconut, from which coconut oil is obtained. The indigenous population breeds goats and pigs. The traditional occupation is fishing and other types of sea crafts. New Zealand is the only country in Oceania with a well-developed economy.

Flora and fauna The organic world is endemic and has a poor species composition. Coral islands are poor in wildlife, because there are few fresh water... There are many birds, in New Guinea there are echidnas, tree kangaroos, wingless kiwi birds, primordial gatteria. There are no mammalian predators. Vegetable world not rich in: palms, casuarinas, tree ferns, vines and coconut palms.

Lives in Oceania as indigenous population so are immigrants from Europe. Asia, America, The indigenous inhabitants of the islands of Melanesia, the Papuans, belong to the equatorial race, and the Polynesians (Maori) represent a special group of peoples. The indigenous population carefully preserves their original culture. The Anglo-New Zealand nation was formed in New Zealand. Oceania population

Class: 7

Lesson presentation

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Goals:

to deepen and concretize knowledge about the interaction of land and ocean;
students' awareness of the important ideological idea of the integrity of the Earth's nature, the need to preserve it and respect it.

Tasks:

show features geographic location and reveal the features of the nature of Oceania;
to reveal the reasons for the originality of the organic world, the composition of the population of this island region;
to form students' understanding of the economic activity and lifestyle of the population of Oceania;
to reveal the role of N.N. Miklukho-Maclay in the studies of Oceania;
continue the formation of the ability to work with a map, analyze climate diagrams;
develop the horizons of students, interest in learning.

Equipment: atlas maps and contour maps for grade 7, presentation "Oceania", textbook Dushina I.V. Geography. Continents, oceans, peoples and countries. Grade 7 / Ed. V.P. Dronov. - M .: Bustard, 2009.

Lesson type: learning new material

During the classes.

1. Organizational moment

Greet students and create a welcoming and working classroom environment. Checking the readiness of students' workplaces for the lesson.

2. Updating knowledge

Telling students about the topic of the lesson and recalling the basic theoretical concepts necessary for mastering new material.

Slide 1: Topic of the lesson - Oceania

Slide 2. Recall

What is called an island?
What is called an archipelago?
What islands are distinguished by origin?

Students answer teacher questions.

By clicking the mouse, the answer to the 3rd question is displayed.

3. Learning new things

Slide 3. Lesson plan

Oceania concept.
Oceania composition.
Geographical position.
Features of nature.
Peoples and countries.
N.N. Miklukho-Maclay is a researcher of Oceania.

Slide 4. What is Oceania?(hyperlink to slide 7)

Oceania is one of the most interesting territories Earth. It is a huge and complex world with more than 7 thousand islands, S = 1.3 million km 2. The most large islands are New Guinea (hyperlink to slide 5) and New Zealand (hyperlink to slide 6).

Find these islands on the physical map of the world (work with atlas and wall physical card the world).

Slide 7. Composition of Oceania

Oceania is subdivided into:

Melanesia - an island arc in the southwest of the Pacific Ocean, including New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Fiji;
Micronesia is an island arc in the western part of the Pacific Ocean; it includes many small islands scattered over the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean north of the equator: the Mariana, Caroline, Marshall and Palau Islands, as well as partially entering the southern hemisphere of the Gilbert Islands. They are all located within the Pacific Plate;
Polynesia - an island arc in Oceania's central Pacific Ocean from Hawaiian Islands to New Zealand: Tuamotu; Samoa. Society of the island, etc.

Find these building blocks of Oceania in the textbook on page 139 fig. 78 and on the map in the atlas.

Slide 8. Geographical location

Determine the extent of Oceania from north to south (29 N. from Hawaii- to New Zealand 53 S. sh.) and from west to east (130 E from New Guinea - to Easter Island 109 W)
Are the following islands part of Oceania: Aleutian, Japanese, New Zealand, Philippine?

Slide 9 - 11. Features of nature - the origin of the islands

Most of the islands in Oceania are of biogenic origin. If you believe the legends of the inhabitants of Oceania, then they were not discovered, but "fished out" from the ocean floor. The inhabitants of Oceania were excellent sailors and skillful fishermen: they caught fish, and islands. Of course, such legends indicate that the ancient peoples saw a connection between the origin of the islands and the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. The coral structure is formed from the limestone parts in which the polyps lived. Together, these structures form a solid or broken ring surrounding a shallow lagoon (body of water). Such a structure is called ATOLL.

Slide 12. Nature - climate features

The very name Oceania testifies to the fact that the ocean plays a decisive role in the formation of the climate.

On the climatic map, determine in which climatic zones it is located (in the subtropics, tropics and equatorial latitudes).

Using the climatic diagram, determine the features of the climate (All year round it is hot and humid: ti = 21 ° C, te = 22 ° C, precipitation 3140 mm).

Slide 13 - 17. Plant world- it is possible to prepare an additional message on the topic.

Coconut tree: It spreads by sea to the Pacific islands. Coconuts are waterproof and float free. Fruit germination is maintained in sea water for up to 110 days. During this time, they can swim up to 3000 miles.

New Zealand pine - kauri, or southern Agatis - is one of the oldest species of conifers that survived the dinosaurs and was found already during the Jurassic period (about 150 million years ago).

Variegated codiaum, croton – houseplant native to Melanesia.

Cyatea arborea is the largest fern in the world, up to 20 m high and with 3 m leaves.

Slide 18 - 22. Animal world - it is possible to prepare an additional message on the topic.

Kiwi – the bird with the smallest (degenerated) wings.

Takahe, wingless sultana – flightless rare bird up to 60 cm in height.

Kakapo - owl parrot – the world's only flightless parrot.

The tuatara is the oldest reptile (representatives of this genus lived on Earth 250 million years ago) with the lowest body temperature of + 11 ° C.

The largest diurnal butterfly is the female birdwing of Queen Alexandra. Its wingspan reaches 26 - 28 cm. It lives on the island of New Guinea.

Slide 23. Population

10 million people,

of which 0.3 million are in Micronesia (hyperlink to slide 26),

Submitted by:

indigenous peoples
alien - descendants of immigrants from Europe, Asia, America
the most diverse groups of mixed origin.

Slide 24. Melanesians

Slide 25. Papuans (hyperlink to slide 23)

- a group of peoples, the indigenous population of Western Melanesia, speak the Papuan languages. (New Guinea Island).

Slide 26 - 27. Micronesians and Polynesians (hyperlink to slide 23)

- the indigenous population of Micronesia and Polynesia (western and central Oceania). They speak local languages.

Slide 28. Maori

- Polynesian people in New Zealand, language - Maori.

Slide 29. Business activities

What economic activities do the inhabitants of Oceania do?

By clicking the mouse, illustrations for the answer appear.

marine fisheries;
plantations coconut tree, cocoa, rubber and coffee;
sheep breeding;
tourism.

Slide 30. Countries of Oceania.

Political Map Oceania was formed as a result of the capture of the islands by the countries of Europe and the United States. 40 years ago there was only one state here - New Zealand. Now there are more than 10 independent states. Some of the islands are still colonies.

Give examples of Oceania countries with their capitals and show them on a map.

Slide 31.N.N. Miklukho-Maclay - Explorer of Oceania

N.N. Miklukho-Maclay devoted his life to the study of the indigenous inhabitants of Oceania - a message from the students.

Slide 32. Thor Heyerdahl

1947 sailing on the Kon-Tiki raft. An outstanding scientist, renowned ethnographer sailed from the coast of Peru to the islands of Polynesia.

4. Anchoring

Students answer crossword puzzle questions. When using the interactive whiteboard, you can write the answers into the crossword puzzle.

Slide 33. Solve the crossword puzzle

1. A large cluster of islands in Pacific
2. The fruit of the most common plant in Oceania
3. Russian scientist who studied the population of New Guinea
4, 6. One of the types of economic activities of residents
5. Indigenous people of New Guinea
7. One of the archipelagos of Oceania

Answers: 1 - Oceania, 2 - coconut, 3 - Miklouho-Maclay, 4 - agriculture, 5 - Papuans, 6 - navigation, 7 - Fiji.

5. Homework

Slide 34. Homework

§ thirty,
P. 142 creative activity 4 or 5
Prepare for independent work on the topic "Australia and Oceania"

Research objectives:

Find out where the islands are located.
Who first discovered these islands?
Determine the natural features (origin, relief, climate, flora and fauna).
Are all the islands uninhabited, who lives on them and what does what?

Oceania is the world's largest cluster of islands located in the southwestern and central Pacific Ocean.

More than 7 thousand islands.

Geographic division

Micronesia

Polynesia

Melanesia

Received worldwide recognition for the sea trips v 1642 - 1644 years .
The first among the famous European explorers reached the coast New Zealand , Tonga and Fiji .
The data collected during his expeditions helped prove the fact that Australia is a separate continent.

Abel Janszon Tasman

1603-1659

Dutch navigator, explorer and merchant.

Louis Antoine, Comte de Bougainville (1729 - 1811 ) - French navigator, head of the 1st French round the world expedition 1766-1768

Attends Samoa and Hebrides , New Brittany (now the Bismarck Islands), New Guinea and Mauritius... After passing cape Good Hope , he returns in two and a half years

Cook James (1728-1779), English navigator, leader of three expeditions around the world.

1768 to 1779

Discovered and explored: New Zealand, East Coast Australia, crossed the Antarctic Circle, visited Easter Island, the Marquesas Islands, Tahiti, Friendship Islands, discovered New Caledonia, South Georgia, opened Christmas Island, Hawaii. The ships bypassed the western part North America, reached Alaska. After crossing the Arctic Circle, we entered the Chukchi Sea

Yuri Fedorovich Lisyansky

(1773 - 1837) - Russian navigator and explorer.

Ivan Kruzenshtern and Yuri Lisyansky on the sloops "Nadezhda" and "Neva" in 1803-1806. made the first Russian round-the-world expedition.

Lisyansky commanded the Neva and discovered one of the Hawaiian Islands named after him ( Lisyansky island).

Lisyansky was the first to describe Hawaii in his book Travel Around the World (1812).

Nikolai Nikolaevich Mikluho-Maclay

(1846 - 1888 year) - Russian ethnographer, anthropologist , biologist and a traveler who studied the indigenous population South-East Asia , Australia and Oceania ( 1870 - 1880s ) , including Papuans northeast coast New Guinea called the Maclay Coast.