What is the coastline of the Black Sea. Black Sea straits. Ramsar criteria

Description

Black Sea straits consistently connect the Black Sea with the Marmara, and the Marmara - with the Aegean, which is part of the Mediterranean. They also separate Europe (Thrace) from Asia Minor (Anatolia). Straits provide access to Mediterranean and the world's oceans of a large part of Russia, Ukraine, Transcaucasia and the countries of southeastern Europe. In addition to agricultural and industrial goods, oil from Russia and the rest of the Caspian countries constitutes a significant share of exports through the Straits.

Bosphorus

The shores of the strait are connected by two bridges: the Bosphorus Bridge with a length of 1074 meters (completed in 1973) and the Sultan Mehmed Fatih Bridge with a length of 1090 meters (built in 1988), 5 km north of the first bridge. A third road bridge is planned, but the construction site is kept secret by the Turkish government to avoid rising land prices. In 2013, the Marmaray railway tunnel was opened, which united the transport systems of Istanbul, located in the European and Asian parts cities.

Dardanelles

At sunset times Ottoman Empire at the London Conference in 1841, it was decided to close the Straits for the passage of anyone's warships in peacetime. Under a secret agreement in 1915, the straits were transferred to the Russian Empire. From the point of view of modern international law, the area of ​​the Straits is an "open sea" and since 1936 it has been governed in accordance with the provisions of the Montreux Convention on the Status of the Straits, while maintaining the sovereignty of the Turkish Republic over the latter.

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Notes (edit)

Literature

• Black Sea straits- an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
• in the Geographical Encyclopedia.
• in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Economics and Law.
• Evmenenko, S. Black Sea Straits: Myths and Reality. - seanews.ru, July 13, 2006.
• Shemyakin, A. Black Sea Straits: History and Contemporary Problems. // Transport law. - 2003, No. 4.
• Rozakis, Christos L.... - Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1987.
• Luneva Yu.V.... - M .: Quadriga, 2010 .-- 256 p.

Links

• Lewis, A.... - GeoJournal, Vol. 26, # 4. - April 1992 .-- S. 503-509. (English) ISSN 03432521
• Shirokorad A. B. article from "Nezavisimaya Gazeta" dated 12.11.2010

An excerpt characterizing the Black Sea straits

On the same night, bowing to the Minister of War, Bolkonsky went to the army, not knowing where he would find it, and fearing to be intercepted by the French on the way to Krems.
In Brunn, the entire court population was packed, and the burdens were already sent to Olmütz. Near Etzelsdorf, Prince Andrey drove onto the road along which the Russian army was moving with the greatest haste and in the greatest disorder. The road was so crowded with carts that it was impossible to ride in a carriage. Taking a horse and a Cossack from the Cossack commander, Prince Andrew, hungry and tired, overtaking the carts, went to find the commander-in-chief and his cart. The most ominous rumors about the position of the army reached him by road, and the sight of the disorganized running army confirmed these rumors.
"Cette armee russe que l" or de l "Angleterre a transportee, des extremites de l" univers, nous allons lui faire eprouver le meme sort (le sort de l "armee d" Ulm) ", [" This Russian army, which English gold brought here from the end of the world, will experience the same fate (the fate of the Ulm army). ”] he recalled the words of Bonaparte's order to his army before the start of the campaign, and these words equally aroused in him surprise at the genius hero, a feeling of offended pride and the hope of glory. "And if there is nothing left but to die? He thought. Well, if it is necessary! I will do it no worse than others."
Prince Andrey looked with contempt at these endless, interfering teams, carts, parks, artillery and again carts, carts and carts of all kinds, overtaking one another and in three, in four rows dammed the muddy road. From all sides, back and forth, as long as the ear could be heard, the sounds of wheels, the rumble of bodies, carts and gun carriages, horse trampling, whip blows, prodding cries, cursing soldiers, orderlies and officers were heard. Along the edges of the road, there were incessantly skinned and unkempt horses that had fallen, now broken carts with lonely soldiers waiting for something, now soldiers who had separated from their teams, who in droves went to neighboring villages or dragged chickens, rams, hay or hay from the villages. bags filled with something.
On the ascents and descents, the crowds grew thicker, and there was a continuous groan of screams. The soldiers, sinking knee-deep in mud, grabbed guns and wagons in their arms; whips thrashed, hooves slid, strings burst and shrieks tore from their breasts. The officers who were in charge of the movement, now forward, now backward, drove between the carts. Their voices were faintly audible in the midst of the general hum, and it was evident from their faces that they were desperate for the possibility of stopping this disorder. "Voila le cher ['Here is a dear] Orthodox army," thought Bolkonsky, recalling Bilibin's words.

The length of the Black Sea from west to east is 1130 km, the greatest width is 613 km. From the south, the coast of Anatolia (the Asian part of Turkey) juts into it in a wide arc, and from the north the Crimean Peninsula cuts deeply. The shores are mountainous almost everywhere, there are few large bays and bays. The largest bays, such as Odessa, Karkinitsky, Tendrovsky, are inscribed in the low steppe shores of the northwestern part of the sea. Some of the bays are fenced off from the sea by wide sandy spits - barrows. Convenient bays Sevastopolskaya and Balaklavskaya are hidden among the rocks of mountain Crimea, and on the Taman Peninsula shallow bays are overgrown with reeds and reeds (floodplains). From the east, the Greater Caucasus ridges approach the sea, and even such large Perths as Tuapse, Novorossiysk, Batumi have only small bays. A large bay once existed where the largest of the rivers on the Caucasian coast, the Rion, flows into the sea. Later, on the site of the bay, a wide Colchis lowland was formed, and the Pontic mountains rise to the sea from the south. On the wide ledge of Anatolia there are three small peninsulas: the low-lying Bafra and Charshamba, and the mountainous Inje-Burun with the Sinop Bay. The name of this bay recalls the victory of the Russian fleet under the command of PS Nakhimov in 1853, during the Crimean War. Less familiar are the names of the major ports of Turkey - Zanguldak, Samsun, Trabzon. Giresun, Ordu and the rivers Yesil-Irmak, Chorokh, Kyzyl-Irmak flowing from its territory into the Black Sea. The Thracian Peninsula (the European part of Turkey) has recently been connected to Anatolia by a huge bridge, under which large ocean-going ships pass freely through the Bosphorus. To the west of this strait, the spurs of the Balkans approach the Black Sea - and here the mountains of Bulgaria's Sea Roads begin from the large ports of Burgas and Varna. Romania is crossed by the Lower Danube lowland going to the sea, along the low coast of which there is a chain of salt lakes. Only the port of Constanta got a comfortable bay. The Danube Delta is widespread on the northern border of Romania. coastline Black Sea 4090 km. Surrounded on all sides by land, it is one of the inland seas. At the same time, the Black Sea is "assigned" to the basin Atlantic Ocean: it connects with it through the Marmara and Mediterranean Seas. On the area occupied by the Black Sea (423 thousand sq. km), two Great Britains can be located. The water surface is only in some places near the coast interrupted by small islands, for example, Berezan, located 13 km from Ochakov. Serpentine (Fundonisi), located 40 km from the Danube Delta.

Black Sea coastline

The Black Sea is located in the northern temperate zone of the Earth, stretching from north to south between points with coordinates 46 °, 32 ′ and 40 ° 55 ′ north latitude.

But if we bear in mind the climatic features, then the coastline of the Black Sea belongs to two zones. North and west coast correspond to the temperate zone, and the southern coast of Crimea, the coast of the Caucasus and Turkey - to the subtropical belt, and the southern part of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and the Colchis lowland belong to the humid subtropics with an annual rainfall of 1400-2500 millimeters. One of the distinctive features of the subtropics is mild winters, allowing year-round vegetation of plants.

The length of the Black Sea coastline is about 4,790 kilometers. This is not a constant, fixed value. Not only the length, but the whole appearance of the shores is constantly changing under the influence of both natural forces and at the will of man. Among natural factors affecting the sea shores, the main role belongs to waves and currents. Inaccessible coastal cliffs, picturesque bays, islets, “velvet” smooth beaches, covered with sand and silt of the harbor, washed-out road embankments, villages and resorts destroyed by landslides - all this is the result of the activity of the surf and currents.

So writes about the "life" of sea coasts in the annotation to his book "The Shores of the Black and Azov Seas", a prominent specialist in this field of marine science, Professor V.P. Zenkovich. Thanks to the works of V.P. Zenkovich, his colleagues and colleagues, the Black Sea coast is now the most studied. This made it possible to successfully carry out large-scale works to strengthen and improve them in a number of places. Description of the Black Sea shores by V.P. Zenkovich is not only a valuable source of firsthand scientific information, but also a poetic story about that very specific zone where the sea meets land.

So, all the way from the Danube to Ochakov stretch the famous "velvet sands", sandy strips sea ​​beaches as well as numerous estuaries. Clay cliffs are not uncommon here. They are constantly destroyed by the sea surf, and from time to time, landslides of a grand scale occur. Now landslide phenomena, thanks to the development of the science of sea shores, have been tamed by a system of powerful coastal protection structures.

From Ochakov to the Western Crimea, the shores are also characterized by their sandy beaches and low cliffs. Between the Dnieper-Bug estuary and the Karkinitsky bay there are extensive sand spits(Kinburnskaya, Tendrovskaya) and islands (Dolgiy, Krugly, Dzharylgach). it for the most part sparsely populated or completely uninhabited places, the kingdom of birds, all kinds of small animals, deer, and even wild horses on Tendra. Here is the Black Sea state reserve Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, which is doing a lot of work on the study of seagulls and others, birds, their role in the life of the sea and land. Nearby - large bays Of the Black Sea: Yagorlytsky, Tendrovsky, Dzharylgachsky, Karkinitsky, which, by their natural characteristics - shallow water, protection from waves, remoteness from settlements, from powerful sources of pollution, high biological productivity and others - are considered the most promising places for the development of underwater farms in the Black Sea.

The southern coast of Crimea is mountainous. Crimean mountains They are not particularly high, but their summit plateaus - yayls - lie very close to the sea and fall in sheer cliffs several hundred meters high. Sheltering the coasts from northern winds, they create here climatic conditions subtropics. Beaches South Shore The Crimea is not sandy, but pebble and is much narrower than on the northwestern coast of the Black Sea. The underwater landscape of the southern coast of Crimea is very beautiful: clear water, many rocks (some of them rise above the sea surface) and blocks overgrown with algae, mussels and other organisms. The species diversity of fauna and flora makes these places convenient for acquaintance with the inhabitants of the sea, especially for scuba divers.

The southern coast of the Kerch Peninsula, as well as the southern coast of Taman, is distinguished by wide sandy beaches and shallow waters of the coastal strip of the sea, somewhat reminiscent of the northwestern coast. Salty seaside lakes are found here again. On Kerch Peninsula- these are Uzunlarskoye, Koyashskoye and Tobechikskoye lakes, on Tamanskoye - Tsokur, Kiziltashsky, Bugazsky and Vityazevsky estuaries. And the water is more turbid than that of the southern coast of Crimea, and desalinated by runoff Sea of ​​Azov through the Kerch Strait. From Anapa to the southeast to Batumi, the Caucasian coast stretches with a predominance of pebble beaches. The coastal mountains are covered with dense forest, numerous evergreen trees and shrubs, citrus fruits. Great depths come close to the shore. Mountain rivers bring little turbidity, and the sea water is transparent, like the southern coast of Crimea.

Turkey's Black Sea coast is mountainous, with narrow, mostly pebble beaches and rapidly increasing depths.

The shores of Romania and Bulgaria resemble the northwestern ones and are also famous for their wide sandy beaches. As in the Odessa region, clay cliffs prevail here, there are salt lakes and estuaries, and the sea is freshened by the Danube runoff.

Acquaintance with the wildlife of the Black Sea coast is greatly facilitated by visiting local museums of local lore, available in all cities, as well as botanical gardens and marine aquariums.

Among the botanical attractions on the Black Sea coast, one should mention the botanical garden of Odessa State University, founded in 1867, the Nikitsky Botanical Garden in Crimea, created in 1812, the Arboretum in Sochi, founded at the end of the last century, the tisosamshitovy grove, located two kilometers from the sea up the the Khosta river, - the remainder of the ancient relict flora, the subtropical park in Gagra, the Pitsunda relict long-coniferous pine reserve at Cape Pitsunda, the Sukhum Botanical Garden, and finally the Batumi Botanical Garden, founded in 1912, one of the largest and most famous in our country.

Marine aquariums are less ancient and famous than botanical gardens... They are very helpful in getting to know the inhabitants of the Black Sea, their appearance and habits. In our country, marine aquariums have been created in Sevastopol at the Institute of Biology southern seas, in Kerch at the Azov-Black Sea Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, in Sochi in the Arboretum and in Batumi at the Georgian branch of the All-Union Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography. The Black Sea fauna is most fully represented in the Sevastopol Aquarium, opened back in 1897 at the biological station and subsequently modernized several times. Today it is a very popular institution that showcases the inhabitants of the Black and other seas. There is a central round pool with a diameter of 9.2 and a depth of 1.5 meters, as well as 12 wall aquariums with a volume of up to 7 cubic meters. At the same time, several dozen species of Black Sea fish, crabs, molluscs and other animals can be observed in the aquarium.

The first scientific demonstration dolphinarium in our country was recently opened in Batumi, where there is an opportunity to get acquainted with the Black Sea dolphins and the work that scientists and trainers carry out with them.

There are several nature reserves on the Black Sea coast. The largest of them is the Black Sea State Reserve of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR with an area of ​​more than 60 thousand hectares, founded in 1927. It is located between the Dnieper-Bug estuary and the Karkinitsky bay on the sands of the Kinburnskaya and Tendrovskaya spits, the islands of Krugly, Dolgiy, Orlov, Babin and others. The land area occupied by the reserve is 12 606 hectares. The rest of the area is shallow sea water.

The biggest attraction of the Black Sea Nature Reserve is a large colony of black-headed or Mediterranean gulls, numbering up to 200,000 pairs. This beautiful white bird with a brilliant black head (the so-called "mating outfit", in winter the gull's head is white), during the nesting period is found in many places - in Greece, Asia Minor, Romania and even in Mongolia, but its largest colony is in the Black Sea reserve. The black-headed gull deserves protection not only as one of the adornments of the sea coast, where there are fewer and fewer deserted places near the sea, but also as a human assistant in the fight against pests Agriculture... The fact is that, in addition to small fish and marine invertebrates, this gull feeds on insects that it hunts in the steppe. Scientists have calculated that over the summer, black-headed gulls from the Black Sea Reserve, together with their chicks, eat more than 5 thousand tons of insects, which prevents an annual loss to agriculture in the amount of up to 2 million rubles. An excellent example of a combination of nature conservation and a biological method of pest control that is safe for humans!

Another protected place on the Black Sea coast is located around Cape Kaliakra in Bulgaria. On the secluded coastal cliffs of this steep cape, the monk seal, the only species of seal in the Black Sea, breeds. It is listed in the International "Red Book" of rare and endangered species. According to Bulgarian scientists, only a few pairs of seals remain there today, which are under the strict protection of the state.

Yes, it is more and more difficult now for birds and animals to find secluded places on the shores of the Black Sea. People are so fond of them that sometimes it seems: a little more time will pass - and all coastal settlements will merge into a continuous ring of cities and resorts. In any case, there is talk about the resort development of the entire coastline back in this century. Of course, the sea should help people in rest and treatment, this is indisputable. But what are the reasonable limits of this "human load" per unit of coastline has not yet been calculated. This is one of the immediate and important tasks of science. In the meantime, the ranks of all kinds of recreation centers, camps, campgrounds, medical institutions, sports centers, beaches, boat docks and other forms of "sea use" are growing without hindrance, why not introduce such a term, by analogy with "nature management"? Our relations with the sea must be built in such a way as to ensure a gentle regime for it. Indeed (in addition to these seasonal recreational and medical facilities) around the Black Sea there are about forty settlements of the rank of ports with a population of about 4 million people and with a certain negative impact on the marine environment. Thus, for one permanent resident the Black Sea coast accounts, according to statistics, about 1 meter of coastline. But in the summer, the population at least doubles, and then the share of the coastline per person is reduced to half a meter. And if we take into account that “sea use” is not evenly distributed along the coast, then in settlements, resorts and other places, the “personal” section of the coast is sometimes reduced to a few centimeters. This is the tense ecological situation, requiring from a person special thrift and attentiveness to the natural environment around him, for the sake of meeting with which he sometimes overcomes thousands of kilometers and bears so many bright plans during the year. And since the concept of "nature protection" implies, first of all, the protection of its living inhabitants, let's move on to getting to know them.

Yu.P. Zaitsev

Photo beautiful places Crimea

Sometimes you just wonder how nature was able to create on its own, without the help of humans and modern machines, unique natural objects... Some will think that there is nothing supernatural about natural monuments, zones and attractions are not, they should be treated as a given. Oceans, seas, bays, mountains, waterfalls, deserts - all this, in their subjective opinion, is commonplace.

However, it is worth noting that for most people on the planet, everything that surrounds us and is created by nature is seen as unique, divine, beautiful and delightful. Today we will talk about the Taman Bay - a place where two seas miraculously joined together. Let's reveal the secret about water in this unique location, let's talk about the day, which is completely covered with grass, and talk about how tourists and residents Taman Peninsula speak of the bay.

Small geographic information

Taman Bay is located very close to the Krasnodar Territory on the peninsula of the same name. The Taman Peninsula lies between two seas loved by many Russian tourists and not only, the Azov and Black, in the water area By the way, the Azov Sea has recently turned into resort area, because many tourists were able to see the salt oasis as a great place to spend their summer holidays. The center of the peninsula is the city of Temryuk, an administrative unit of the Krasnodar Territory. Talking about main city Taman Peninsula, I would like to note that it is quite ancient. The date of its foundation is 1556, while many cities in Russia start counting their formation from the 17th, or even from the 18th centuries.

Dimensions (edit)

The Taman Bay itself is small: its length is about 16 km, and the entry point is stretched for 8 km. It is worth saying that the depth here reaches 5 meters. Lowlands prevail on the Taman Peninsula. In some places, huge estuaries have formed (natural oases where the soil subsides below sea level). However, these reservoirs, despite their size (length from 7 km and more), are quite shallow.

Settlements scattered around the perimeter of the bay

Taman Bay contains several significant settlements on its shores: Taman itself, the village of Volna Revolyutsii, Sennoy, Yubileiny, Primorsky and Garkusha. This place has never been and is now not a favorite area for tourists. According to some unofficial data, about 50-100 thousand people come to each village of the peninsula for the entire summer period. This figure seems ridiculous along with the number of visits Black Sea resorts our country.

In Soviet times, such an influx of tourists to the Taman Bay deprived many local residents of food, because food was brought to the settlements based on the number of local residents. However, no one suffered from hunger, because in every house there were subsidiary plots. Now many locals with great pleasure they will provide visitors with housing for a minimum fee.

Salty or Freshwater?

Many people are interested in the question of what kind of water is in the Taman Bay. The unequivocal answer is salty, although quite recently it was possible to argue with this, and for this reason. Since there are two seas in the gulf: the Azov and the Black, and the water area of ​​the gulf is mainly located in the Azov half, the conclusion suggests itself. The Azov Sea is considered more fresh, although it cannot be called completely devoid of salt, and the Black Sea, as you know, is salty.

Freshwater fish live in the Sea of ​​Azov, and it is rightfully considered one of the richest catch places in the country. This is due to the fact that the sea has a huge number of river tributaries. Once upon a time, the Taman Bay, a photo of which can be seen in the article, had more fresh water and was famous among fishermen. Over time, water from the Black Sea more and more entered the bay, mixing there and taking out freshwater fish. Now it is practically gone, but there are more tourists. Perhaps they now consider the bay to be completely Black Sea because of its salinity.

Unique bottom

Bottom Taman Bay completely covered with grass. It may seem surprising, but she somehow miraculously adapted to the water and feels great there. Many tourists are initially intimidated by this tickling feeling that accompanies them when entering the water. A place where there is no grass growing at the bottom is a trampled wide braid. Such smooth bottom surfaces are formed in places of mass concentration of bathers.

Another unique feature of the bottom of the Taman Bay is the presence of fragments of ancient clay jugs and amphorae among the grass, coarse sand and pebbles. For archaeologists, such small pieces of lost relics are of no value. However, the very fact that the brown remains of antiquity lie underfoot makes the place truly unique. By the way, many people want to know which sea is the Taman Bay. More precisely, can it be considered a part of some kind of sea? So, despite the fact that the bay for the most part lies in the Sea of ​​Azov, many consider it to be the confluence of two seas: the aforementioned and the Black.

Why do many people now rest in the waters of the Kerch Strait?

Due to the fact that nowadays many people prefer to take a break from the hustle and bustle of cities and large cities it is by the sea, but at the same time, each vacation is spent in a new place, enjoying unexplored impressions, a huge number of tourists discovered the Taman Bay. The reviews that are found on the Internet are full of positive statements and assurances to go there next year. Tourists are attracted by the uncrowded bay and the amazing beauty of the steep coast.

Compilers

Geographical coordinates

Height

Square

a brief description of

Wetland type

Ramsar criteria

Criterion 4: The area is one of the wintering centers for waterfowl, the importance of which increases in cold winters when the water area of ​​the estuaries of the Eastern Azov Sea freezes.

Criterion 5: During migrations, up to 1 million birds stop here (Wetlands of Russia, 2000). During mid-winter surveys carried out from the shore using telescopes, we counted about 20,000 in 2003, in 2004 - about 10,000, in 2005 - up to 8,000, in 2006 - about 49 500 pcs. waterfowl and near-water birds.

Location

Physical and geographical characteristics

The banks of the reservoirs are stacked unstable rocks and are subject to the strong destructive activity of the sea. The soil cover is mainly composed of southern chernozems with a low humus content. The type of climate of the area of ​​the land belongs to the coastal steppe, moderate continental. The average January temperature is -0.8 °; July 23.6 ° С, precipitation during the year is 330-340 mm.

The significance of the site in the natural water cycle

Environmental parameters

Valuable flora

And on wet salt marshes - bluegrass-wheatgrass, sage-sedge and saltwort associations. The vegetation of reservoirs is formed from plant species immersed in water: hygrophytes, hydrophytes and hydatophytes. The phytocenoses of the seaweed and the lesser beetle phytocenoses are widespread, often forming pure groups over large areas. Equally common is the holly pondweed. In the water bodies of the land, two types of uruti grow: urut spikelet and whorled. In some coastal areas, typical flooded vegetation is found with the presence of common reed, cattails, sedges (Tilba and Nagalevsky, 1996).

Valuable fauna

The role of the region as a place for bird migration. The area is located on an intensive migratory route for birds, which runs along the coasts of the Azov and Black Seas. Autumn concentrations of gull, black-headed gull, and bank heron were recorded within Temryuk and Dinsky bays (Vinokurov, 1965). In autumn 1995, 200 thousand wasps were recorded here. coots, 54 thousand - mallards, 200 thousand - red-headed duck, 1.5 thousand - mute swan (Vinogradov, 2000). The area is a place of stops and large concentrations of migratory waders: turukhtan, turnstones, herbalists, etc.

The role of the region as a wintering place for birds. The site is a traditional wintering ground, primarily for waterfowl. In the period from 1967 to 1972. there were from 6 thousand to 250 thousand wasps. Recently, there are up to 48.5 thousand waterfowl within the site.
(2006 data).

Swans. Mute swan and whooper swan are found during wintering. The latter species prevails in numbers in colder winters (in 2003, 1,500 individuals were counted).

Ducks. The most abundant wintering species is the crested duck (according to 2003 data - 11,500 individuals). In more warm winters the number of crested ducks is much lower. Of the other species of ducks, the most common are the mallard, the red-headed duck.

Other types of waterfowl. The most characteristic species include the great grebe, great cormorant, coot, and gull.

Sandpipers. On the territory of the site in winter, the following were noted: herbalist, large snail, medium curlew, great curlew, snipe, dunlin, on the adjacent territory of the coast Kerch Strait Spit Chushka was recorded during the wintering of the oystercatcher (Mnatsekanov et al., 2004b; Dinkevich et al., 2005).

Role of the area as a habitat for rare and vulnerable bird species.

Black-throated loon. A common species during the migration period, in small numbers it is found during the wintering.

White-tailed eagle. Regularly wintering species.

Demoiselle crane. Nesting species of adjacent territories.

Bustard. Nesting species of adjacent territories.

Bustard. Recorded in winter in the coastal part of the site.

Oystercatcher. Common breeding species; rare, irregular wintering species.

Great curlew. Not abundant, regularly encountered in winter.

Black-headed Gull. Occasionally celebrated in winter.

Role of the area as a habitat for marine mammals. Tamansky and partly Dinskaya bays are the habitat of the Black Sea bottlenose dolphin, a subspecies listed in the Red Data Books of the Russian Federation and Krasnodar Territory.

Social and cultural significance of the site

Forms of land ownership

Land use

Factors negatively affecting the condition of the site

Environmental measures taken

Proposed conservation measures

Scientific research

Environmental education

Recreation and tourism

Jurisdiction

Site management authority