The Black Sea, connecting through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits, as well as the Marmara and Mediterranean seas with the Atlantic Ocean, is strategically important for Russia. The coastline was conquered by the state, some territories remain the subject of disputes today.

Russian Black Sea coast

(Black Sea coast with resort towns Of Russia)

The length of the Russian coastline The Black Sea today is 1200 km. It starts from the Caucasus Mountains, continues along the coastal strip from Taman to Adler, and includes the Crimean coast.

Its relief is represented by the mountains of the Caucasus and the South Coast of the Crimea, lowlands and estuaries, mainly in the eastern part, as well as steep ledges. In general, the line is weakly indented, there is only one peninsula - Crimea. There are no islands in the Black Sea.

Russia's exit to the Black Sea

For the first time, Russia began to claim access to the Black Sea with the appropriation of coastal lands in the 18th century. It was a victorious war with Turkey, the result of which was the conquest of Anapa and the Crimean peninsula. After that, at the beginning of the 19th century, the settlement of the conquered lands by the Slavs began.

Crimea was given to Ukraine immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union, but in 2014 the entire peninsula, including the Crimean Black Sea coast, became part of Russia again, and is the subject of disputes with Ukraine and the Western world.

Characteristics of the Black Sea

Depth: maximum 2210 m

Average water temperature (Black Sea coast, Russia): Winter 7.7 ° C, Summer 19 - 24 ° C

Coast: pebbles, gravel, sand and steep stone banks

Climate: mostly continental, the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and Tuapse have a milder subtropical climate

The location of the coastline of the Russian Black Sea coast and the features of the landscape led to the formation of three climatic zones at once:

• humid subtropical;
• Mediterranean;
• temperate marine.

The underwater world of the Black Sea is represented by dolphins and a species of shark - katrana. The latter are not dangerous for people. Among the commercial fish found in the coastal waters, it is worth noting the flounder, goby and mullet.

Cities on the Black Sea in Russia

(Dune sandy shores Anapa)

Most of the cities on the Russian Black Sea coast have the status of resorts, due to the availability of appropriate resources and climatic conditions on the territory.

Anapa... The most western settlement among the cities of the mainland part of the Russian Black Sea coast. At one time, the capture of the Anapa fortress allowed the Russian government to exercise control over the Black Sea. Today, it is a resort town.

Novorossiysk... The city does not have a resort status, despite the annual number of tourists. The settlement is surrounded on all sides by the mountains of the Caucasian ridge, but not high. The same relief is characteristic of the vicinity of Gelendzhik. The height of the mountains in the Gelendzhik region is greater.

Tuapse... It is the starting point of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. The resort is surrounded by high mountains.

Sochi... The largest and most equipped resort Russian Federation... Known all over the world. The length of the Greater Sochi coastline is over 100 km.

Kerch... The most eastern point of the Crimean coast. The city is located at the junction of the Black and Sea of ​​Azov... In Kerch there is a ferry connecting the peninsula with mainland Russia.

(Stone coast of the Crimean peninsula)

Yalta... The world famous resort city with a mild climate. Located surrounded by the high Crimean mountains.

Sevastopol... A city with federal status. The Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Navy is based in its bays. The city does not have the status of a resort, its infrastructure is designed to serve the base of the Russian Black Sea Fleet.

Evpatoria... Most Big City from the western side of the Crimean coast. It is a health resort. There are many children's recreation centers and hospitals here. It is a recognized balneological resort.

Among the many seas of the world (there are more than 50 of them), a special group is made up of the so-called inland seas, to one degree or another surrounded by land. In this group, which in Europe alone includes the White, Baltic, Mediterranean and Marmara Seas, the Black Sea, in terms of the degree of isolation from the Ocean, is second only to the Azov Sea. Indeed, from Atlantic Ocean it is separated by the Bosphorus Strait, the Sea of ​​Marmara, the Dardanelles Strait, the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of Gibraltar. An equally difficult waterway leads from the Black Sea to the Indian Ocean.

Dimensions: the surface area of ​​the Black Sea is 423,000 km2, and the volume of its waters is 547,000 km2. The greatest depth is 2,212 m. The length of the Black Sea coastline, according to the latest estimates, reaches 4,340 km.

The Bosphorus Strait, or the Bosphorus, is, in fact, a narrow channel 31 km long, 35 to 0.7 km wide and a minimum depth of 50 m. On the opposite side of the Black Sea there is Kerch Strait connecting it to the Sea of ​​Azov. The length of this strait is about 45 km, the width is from 3.5 to 42 km, and the minimum depth is only 10 m. maximum depth 13 m can be found in a very limited area in the very center of the reservoir.

The coastline of the sea forms several bays, peninsulas and headlands deeply protruding into the sea. The largest peninsula is Crimean, ending in the west with the Tarkhankut peninsula, and in the east with the Kerch peninsula. The Taman Peninsula is located on the eastern side of the Kerch Strait. Most prominent promontories: Kaliakra in Bulgaria, Midia in Romania, Big Fountain, Tarkhankut, Chersonesos, Methanom and Chauda in Ukraine, Utrish and Myskhako in Russia, Pitsunda in Georgia, Cham, Bafra, Boztepe, Ijeburun and Olujs in Turkey. Most large bays and bays: Burgas and Varna bays in Bulgaria, Mamaya bay in Romania, Odessa, Teidrovsky, Egorlytsky, Dzharylgachsky, Karkipitsky, Kalamitsky and Feodosia bays in Ukraine, Novorossiyskaya and Gelendzhik bays in Russia, Samsunsky and Sinopsky bays in Turkey.

The landscape diversity of the Black Sea shores is very great. There are high mountains and vast valleys, humid subtropical vegetation and arid regions, numerous estuaries, lagoons and river deltas.

The Black Sea is not rich in islands of continental origin. The largest of them, Zmeiny Island (in ancient times - Levka, Fidonisi), with an area of ​​1.5 km and a height of up to 40 m above sea level, is located 37 km east of the Kiliya arm of the Danube delta. Another island, Berezan,
with an area of ​​about 0.5 km "and a height of up to 20 m, located 1 km from the mouth of the Berezansky estuary. Another island - Kefksn - is located near the coast, 90 km east of the entrance to the Bosphorus. Several very small islands, in fact, rocks , are available in the Burgas Bay.

Sandy islands, washed up by currents, can reach significant sizes. These are: Tepdrovsky Island, or Tendrovskaya Spit, about 65 km long and about 30 km in area, Dzharylgach Island 42 km long, about 25 km in area, Dolgiy Island, with an area of ​​3.5 km, and some others, all in the northwestern part of the sea.

In any sea there are shelves - continuation of continents under water. These are zones with depths less than 200-150 m. In the Black Sea, due to the peculiarities of its waters, the shelves are the only sections of the bottom inhabited by rich life. The total area of ​​the Black Sea shelf is about 100,000 km "of which 64,000 km" are located in the northwestern part of the sea, opposite the shores of Ukraine, Romania and Bulgaria. The shelf width here reaches 150-180 km. In other areas adjacent to mountainous terrain, the shelf narrows to 10, and in some places - to 2 km.

central part sea-area with depths of 2000-2212 m, it is basically a flat bottom with insignificant depressions and elevations, covered with a layer of sediments with a thickness of 2 to 15 (!) kilometers. Some researchers consider the Black Sea deep-water basin to be the remnant of the Tethys Sea.

Compilers

Geographical coordinates

Height

Square

a brief description of

Wetland type

Ramsar criteria

Criterion 4: The site is one of the wintering centers for waterfowl, the importance of which increases in cold winters when the water area of ​​the estuaries of the Eastern Azov Sea freezes.

Criterion 5: During migrations, up to 1 million birds stop here (Wetlands of Russia, 2000). During mid-winter surveys carried out from the shore using telescopes, we counted about 20,000 within the site in 2003, about 10,000 in 2004, up to 8,000 in 2005, and about 49 in 2006. 500 pcs. waterfowl and near-water birds.

Location

Physical and geographical characteristics

The banks of the reservoirs are stacked unstable rocks and are subject to strong destructive activities of the sea. The soil cover is mainly composed of southern chernozems with a low humus content. The type of climate of the area of ​​the land belongs to the coastal steppe, moderate continental. The average January temperature is -0.8 °; July 23.6 ° С, precipitation during the year is 330-340 mm.

The significance of the site in the natural water cycle

Environmental parameters

Valuable flora

And on wet salt marshes - bluegrass-wheatgrass, sage-sedge and saltwort associations. The vegetation of reservoirs is formed from plant species immersed in water: hygrophytes, hydrophytes and hydatophytes. Phytocenoses are widespread and common scotchweed phytocenoses, often forming pure groupings over large areas. An equally common species is holly pondweed. Two types of uruti grow in the water bodies of the land: urut spikelet and whorled. In some coastal areas, typical flooded vegetation with the presence of common reeds, cattails, and sedges is found (Tilba and Nagalevsky, 1996).

Valuable fauna

The role of the region as a place for bird migration. The area is located on an intensive migratory route for birds, which runs along the coasts of the Azov and Black Seas. Autumn concentrations of gull, black-headed gull, and bank heron were noted within Temryuk and Dinsky bays (Vinokurov, 1965). In the fall of 1995, 200 thousand wasps were recorded here. coots, 54 thousand - mallards, 200 thousand - red-headed duck, 1.5 thousand - mute swan (Vinogradov, 2000). The area is a place of stops and large concentrations of migratory waders: turukhtan, turners, herbalists, etc.

The role of the region as a wintering place for birds. The area is a traditional wintering ground, primarily for waterfowl. In the period from 1967 to 1972. there were from 6 thousand to 250 thousand wasps. Recently, there are up to 48.5 thousand waterfowl within the site.
(2006 data).

Swans. During wintering, mute swan and whooper swan are found. The latter species prevails in numbers in colder winters (in 2003, 1,500 individuals were counted).

Ducks. The most abundant wintering species is the crested duck (according to 2003 data - 11,500 individuals). In more warm winters the number of crested ducks is much lower. Of the other species of ducks, the most common are the mallard, the red-headed duck.

Other types of waterfowl. The most characteristic species include the great grebe, great cormorant, coot, and gull.

Sandpipers. On the territory of the site in winter, the following were recorded: herbalist, great snail, medium curlew, great curlew, snipe, dunlin; on the adjacent territory of the Kerch Strait coast of the Chushka spit, the oystercatcher was recorded during the winter (Mnatsekanov et al., 2004b; Dinkevich et al., 2005).

Role of the area as a habitat for rare and vulnerable bird species.

Black-throated loon. A common species during the migration period, in small numbers it is found in wintering.

White-tailed eagle. Regularly wintering species.

Demoiselle crane. Nesting species of adjacent territories.

Bustard. Nesting species of adjacent territories.

Bustard. Recorded in winter in the coastal part of the site.

Oystercatcher. Common breeding species; rare, irregular wintering species.

Great curlew. Not numerous, regularly encountered in winter.

Black-headed Gull. Occasionally celebrated in winter.

Role of the area as a habitat for marine mammals. Tamansky and partly Dinskaya bays are the habitat of the Black Sea bottlenose dolphin, a subspecies listed in the Red Data Books of the Russian Federation and Krasnodar Territory.

Social and cultural significance of the site

Forms of land ownership

Land use

Factors negatively affecting the condition of the site

Environmental measures taken

Proposed environmental measures

Scientific research

Environmental education

Recreation and tourism

Jurisdiction

Site management authority

Description

Black Sea straits consistently connect the Black Sea with the Marmara, and the Marmara - with the Aegean, which is part of the Mediterranean. They also separate Europe (Thrace) from Asia Minor (Anatolia). Straits provide access to Mediterranean Sea and the world's oceans of a large part of Russia, Ukraine, Transcaucasia and the countries of southeastern Europe. In addition to agricultural and industrial goods, oil from Russia and the rest of the Caspian countries accounts for a significant share of exports through the Straits.

Bosphorus

The shores of the strait are connected by two bridges: the Bosphorus Bridge with a length of 1074 meters (completed in 1973) and the Sultan Mehmed Fatih Bridge with a length of 1090 meters (built in 1988), 5 km north of the first bridge. A third road bridge is planned, but the construction site is kept secret by the Turkish government to avoid rising land prices. In 2013, the Marmaray railway tunnel was opened, which united the transport systems of Istanbul, located in the European and Asian parts cities.

Dardanelles

At sunset times Ottoman Empire at the London conference in 1841, it was decided to close the Straits for the passage of anyone's warships in peacetime. Under a secret agreement in 1915, the straits were transferred to the Russian Empire. From the point of view of modern international law, the area of ​​the Straits is an "open sea" and since 1936 it has been governed in accordance with the provisions of the Montreux Convention on the Status of the Straits, while maintaining the sovereignty of the Turkish Republic over the latter.

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Notes (edit)

Literature

• Black Sea straits- an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia.
• in the Geographical Encyclopedia.
• in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Economics and Law.
• Evmenenko, S. Black Sea Straits: Myths and Reality. - seanews.ru, July 13, 2006.
• Shemyakin, A. Black Sea Straits: History and Contemporary Problems. // Transport law. - 2003, No. 4.
• Rozakis, Christos L.... - Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1987.
• Luneva Yu.V.... - M .: Quadriga, 2010 .-- 256 p.

Links

• Lewis, A.... - GeoJournal, Vol. 26, # 4. - April 1992 .-- S. 503-509. (English) ISSN 03432521
• Shirokorad A. B. article from "Nezavisimaya Gazeta" dated 12.11.2010

An excerpt characterizing the Black Sea straits

On the same night, bowing to the Minister of War, Bolkonsky went to the army, not knowing where he would find it, and fearing that he would be intercepted by the French on the way to Krems.
In Brunn, the entire court population was packed, and weights were already sent to Olmütz. Near Etzelsdorf, Prince Andrey drove onto the road along which the Russian army was moving with the greatest haste and in the greatest disorder. The road was so crowded with carts that it was impossible to ride in a carriage. Taking a horse and a Cossack from the Cossack commander, Prince Andrey, hungry and tired, overtaking the carts, went to find the commander-in-chief and his cart. The most ominous rumors about the position of the army reached him by road, and the sight of the disorganized running army confirmed these rumors.
"Cette armee russe que l" or de l "Angleterre a transportee, des extremites de l" univers, nous allons lui faire eprouver le meme sort (le sort de l "armee d" Ulm) ", [" This Russian army, which English gold brought here from the end of the world, will experience the same fate (the fate of the Ulm army).] He recalled the words of Bonaparte's order to his army before the start of the campaign, and these words equally aroused in him surprise at the genius hero, a feeling of offended pride and the hope of glory. "And if there is nothing left but to die? He thought. Well, if it is necessary! I will do it no worse than others."
Prince Andrew looked with contempt at these endless, interfering teams, carts, parks, artillery and again carts, carts and carts of all kinds, overtaking one another and in three, in four rows dammed the muddy road. From all sides, back and forth, as long as the ear could be heard, the sounds of wheels, the clattering of bodies, carts and gun carriages, horse trampling, whip blows, prodding cries, cursing soldiers, orderlies and officers were heard. Along the edges of the road, there were incessantly skinned and unkempt horses that had fallen, now broken carts with lonely soldiers waiting for something, sometimes soldiers who had separated from their teams, who in droves went to neighboring villages or dragged chickens, rams, hay or hay from the villages. bags filled with something.
On the ascents and descents, the crowds grew thicker, and there was a continuous groan of screams. The soldiers, knee-deep in the mud, grabbed guns and wagons in their arms; whips thrashed, hooves slipped, strings burst and shrieks tore from their breasts. The officers who were in charge of the movement, now forward, then backward, passed between the carts. Their voices were faintly audible in the midst of the general roar, and it was evident from their faces that they were desperate to be able to stop this disorder. "Voila le cher ['Here is a dear] Orthodox army," thought Bolkonsky, recalling Bilibin's words.

Black Sea coastline

The Black Sea is located in the northern temperate zone of the Earth, stretching from north to south between points with coordinates 46 °, 32 ′ and 40 ° 55 ′ north latitude.

But if we bear in mind the climatic features, then the coastline of the Black Sea belongs to two zones. North and west coast correspond to the temperate zone, and the southern coast of Crimea, the coast of the Caucasus and Turkey - to the subtropical belt, and the southern part of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and the Colchis lowland belong to the humid subtropics with an annual rainfall of 1400-2500 millimeters. One of the distinctive features of the subtropics is mild winters, allowing year-round vegetation of plants.

The length of the Black Sea coastline is about 4,790 kilometers. This is not a constant, fixed value. Not only the length, but the whole appearance of the shores is constantly changing under the influence of both natural forces and the will of man. Among natural factors affecting the seashore, the main role belongs to waves and currents. Inaccessible coastal cliffs, picturesque bays, islets, “velvet” smooth beaches, covered with sand and silt of the harbor, washed-out road embankments, villages and resorts destroyed by landslides - all this is the result of the activity of the surf and currents.

So writes about the "life" of sea coasts in the annotation to his book "The Shores of the Black and Azov Seas", a prominent specialist in this field of marine science, Professor V.P. Zenkovich. Thanks to the works of V.P. Zenkovich, his colleagues and colleagues, the Black Sea coast is now the most studied. This made it possible to successfully carry out large-scale works on their strengthening and improvement in a number of places. Description of the Black Sea shores by V.P. Zenkovich is not only a valuable source of firsthand scientific information, but also a poetic story about that very specific zone where the sea meets land.

So, all the way from the Danube to Ochakov stretch the famous "velvet sands", sandy strips sea ​​beaches as well as numerous estuaries. Clay cliffs are not uncommon here. They are constantly destroyed by the sea surf, and from time to time, landslides of a grand scale occur. Now landslide phenomena, thanks to the development of the science of the seashore, have been tamed by a system of powerful coastal protection structures.

From Ochakov to the Western Crimea, the shores are also characterized by their sandy beaches and low cliffs. Between the Dnieper-Bug estuary and the Karkinitsky bay there are extensive sand spits(Kinburnskaya, Tendrovskaya) and islands (Dolgiy, Krugly, Dzharylgach). it for the most part sparsely populated or completely uninhabited places, the kingdom of birds, all kinds of small animals, deer, and even wild horses on Tendra. Here is the Black Sea state reserve Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, which is doing a lot of work on the study of seagulls and others, birds, their role in the life of the sea and land. Nearby are the large bays of the Black Sea: Yagorlytsky, Tendrovsky, Dzharylgachsky, Karkinitsky, which, by their natural features, are shallow water, protection from waves, remoteness from settlements, from powerful sources of pollution, high biological productivity and others - are considered the most promising places for the development of underwater farms in the Black Sea.

The southern coast of Crimea is mountainous. The Crimean mountains are not particularly high, but their summit plateaus - yayly - lie very close to the sea and fall in steep cliffs several hundred meters high. Sheltering the coasts from northern winds, they create here climatic conditions subtropics. Beaches South Shore The Crimea is not sandy, but pebble and is much narrower than on the northwestern coast of the Black Sea. The underwater landscape of the southern coast of Crimea is very beautiful: clear water, many rocks (some of them rise above the sea surface) and blocks overgrown with algae, mussels and other organisms. The species diversity of fauna and flora makes these places convenient for acquaintance with the inhabitants of the sea, especially for scuba divers.

The southern coast of the Kerch Peninsula, as well as the southern coast of Taman, is distinguished by wide sandy beaches and shallow waters of the coastal strip of the sea, somewhat reminiscent of the northwestern coast. Salty seaside lakes are found here again. On Kerch Peninsula- these are Uzunlarskoye, Koyashskoye and Tobechikskoye lakes, on Tamanskoye - the estuaries of Tsokur, Kiziltashsky, Bugazsky and Vityazevsky. And the water is more turbid than that of the southern coast of Crimea, and is desalinated by the runoff of the Sea of ​​Azov through the Kerch Strait. From Anapa to the southeast to Batumi, the Caucasian coast stretches with a predominance of pebble beaches. The coastal mountains are covered with dense forest, numerous evergreen trees and shrubs, citrus fruits. Great depths come close to the shore. Mountain rivers bring little turbidity, and the sea water is transparent, like on the southern coast of Crimea.

Turkey's Black Sea coast is mountainous, with narrow, mostly pebble beaches and rapidly increasing depths.

The shores of Romania and Bulgaria resemble the northwestern ones and are also famous for their wide sandy beaches. As in the Odessa region, clay cliffs prevail here, there are salt lakes and estuaries, and the sea is freshened by the Danube runoff.

Acquaintance with the wildlife of the Black Sea coast is greatly facilitated by visiting local museums of local lore, available in all cities, as well as botanical gardens and marine aquariums.

Among the botanical attractions on the Black Sea coast, the botanical garden of Odessa State University, founded in 1867, the Nikitsky Botanical Garden in Crimea, created in 1812, the Arboretum in Sochi, founded at the end of the last century, the tisosamshitovy grove, located two kilometers from the sea, should be mentioned. the Khosta river, - the remains of the ancient relict flora, the subtropical park in Gagra, the Pitsunda relict long-coniferous pine reserve at Cape Pitsunda, the Sukhum Botanical Garden, and finally the Batumi Botanical Garden, founded in 1912, one of the largest and most famous in our country.

Marine aquariums are less ancient and famous than botanical gardens... They are very helpful in getting to know the inhabitants of the Black Sea, their appearance and habits. In our country, marine aquariums have been created in Sevastopol at the Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, in Kerch at the Azov-Black Sea Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography, in Sochi in the Arboretum and in Batumi at the Georgian branch of the All-Union Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography. The Black Sea fauna is most fully represented in the Sevastopol Aquarium, opened back in 1897 at the biological station and subsequently modernized several times. Today it is a very popular institution that showcases the inhabitants of the Black and other seas. There is a central round pool with a diameter of 9.2 and a depth of 1.5 meters, as well as 12 wall aquariums with a volume of up to 7 cubic meters. At the same time, several dozen species of Black Sea fish, crabs, mollusks and other animals can be observed in the aquarium.

The first scientific demonstration dolphinarium in our country was recently opened in Batumi, where there is an opportunity to get acquainted with the Black Sea dolphins and the work that scientists and trainers carry out with them.

There are several nature reserves on the Black Sea coast. The largest of them is the Black Sea State Reserve of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR with an area of ​​more than 60 thousand hectares, founded in 1927. It is located between the Dnieper-Bug estuary and the Karkinitsky bay on the sands of the Kinburn and Tendrovsky spits, the islands of Krugly, Dolgiy, Orlov, Babin and others. The area occupied by the reserve is 12 606 hectares. The rest of the area is shallow sea water.

The biggest attraction of the Black Sea Nature Reserve is a large colony of black-headed or Mediterranean gulls, numbering up to 200,000 pairs. This beautiful white bird with a brilliant black head (the so-called "mating outfit", in winter the seagull's head is white), during the nesting period is found in many places - in Greece, Asia Minor, Romania and even in Mongolia, but its largest colony is in the Black Sea reserve. The black-headed gull deserves protection not only as one of the adornments of the sea coast, where there are fewer and fewer deserted places near the sea, but also as a human assistant in the fight against agricultural pests. The fact is that, in addition to small fish and marine invertebrates, this gull feeds on insects that it hunts in the steppe. Scientists have calculated that over the summer, black-headed gulls from the Black Sea Reserve, together with their chicks, eat over 5 thousand tons of insects, thereby preventing annual losses agriculture in the amount of up to 2 million rubles. An excellent example of a combination of nature conservation and a biological method of pest control that is safe for humans!

Another protected place on the Black Sea coast is located around Cape Kaliakra in Bulgaria. On the secluded coastal cliffs of this steep cape, the only species of seal in the Black Sea - the monk seal - breeds. It is listed in the International "Red Book" of rare and endangered species. According to Bulgarian scientists, only a few pairs of seals remain there today, which are under the strict protection of the state.

Yes, it is more and more difficult now for birds and animals to find secluded places on the shores of the Black Sea. People are so fond of them that sometimes it seems: a little more time will pass - and all coastal settlements will merge into a continuous ring of cities and resorts. In any case, they talk about the resort development of the entire coastline back in this century. Of course, the sea should help people in rest and treatment, this is indisputable. But what are the reasonable limits of this "human load" per unit of coastline has not yet been calculated. This is one of the immediate and important tasks of science. In the meantime, the ranks of all kinds of recreation centers, camps, campgrounds, medical institutions, sports centers, beaches, boat docks and other forms of "sea use" are growing without hindrance, why not introduce such a term, by analogy with "nature management"? Our relations with the sea must be built in such a way as to ensure a gentle regime for it. Indeed (in addition to these seasonal recreational and medical facilities) around the Black Sea there are about forty settlements of the rank of ports with a population of about 4 million people and with a certain negative impact on the marine environment. Thus, according to statistics, there is about 1 meter of coastline for one permanent inhabitant of the Black Sea coast. But in the summer, the population at least doubles, and then the share of the coastline per person is reduced to half a meter. And if we take into account that “sea use” is not evenly distributed along the coast, then in settlements, resorts and other places, the “personal” section of the coast is sometimes reduced to a few centimeters. This is the tense ecological situation, requiring from a person special thrift and attentiveness to the natural environment around him, for the sake of meeting with which he sometimes overcomes thousands of kilometers and bears so many bright plans during the year. And since the concept of "nature protection" implies, first of all, the protection of its living inhabitants, let's move on to getting to know them.

Yu.P. Zaitsev

Photo beautiful places Crimea