"Titanic" (English Titanic) - British transatlantic steamer, the second liner of the "Olympic" class. Built in Belfast at the Harland & Wolfe shipyard from 1909 to 1912 by order of the White Star Line shipping company.
At the time of commissioning, it was the largest vessel in the world.
On the night of April 14-15, 1912, during the first voyage, it crashed in the North Atlantic, colliding with an iceberg.
Information about the vessel
The Titanic was equipped with two four-cylinder steam engines and a steam turbine.
- The entire power plant had a capacity of 55,000 liters. with.
- The ship could reach speeds of up to 23 knots (42 km / h).
- Its displacement, which exceeded the twin steamer Olympic by 243 tons, was 52 310 tons.
- The hull of the vessel was made of steel.
- The hold and lower decks were divided into 16 compartments by bulkheads with sealed doors.
- If the bottom was damaged, the double bottom prevented the ingress of water into the compartments.
Shipbuilder magazine called the Titanic virtually unsinkable, a statement widely circulated in the press and among the public.
In accordance with outdated regulations, the Titanic was equipped with 20 lifeboats, with a total capacity of 1,178 people, which was only a third of the steamer's maximum load.
The Titanic's cabins and public spaces were divided into three classes.
A swimming pool, a squash court, an A la carte restaurant, two cafes, and a gym were presented to the services of first-class passengers. All classes had dining and smoking rooms, open and closed boardwalks. The most luxurious and sophisticated were the first class interiors, made in various art styles using expensive materials such as mahogany, gilding, stained glass, silk and others. The cabins and salons of the third class were designed as simply as possible: the steel walls were painted white or sheathed with wooden panels.
1 On April 0, 1912, the Titanic departed from Southampton on her maiden and only voyage. Having made stops in the French Cherbourg and Irish Queenstown, the ship sailed into the Atlantic Ocean with 1,317 passengers and 908 crew on board. The ship was commanded by Captain Edward Smith. On April 14, the Titanic radio station received seven ice warnings, but the liner continued to move at almost top speed. To avoid encountering floating ice, the captain ordered to go a little south of the usual route.
- At 11:39 p.m. on April 14, the lookout reported to the captain's bridge about an iceberg straight ahead. Less than a minute later, a collision occurred. Having received several holes, the steamer began to sink. First of all, women and children were put in the boats.
- At 2:20 am on April 15, breaking into two parts, the Titanic sank, killing 1,496 people. 712 survivors were picked up by the steamer "Karpatia".
The wreckage of the "Titanic" rests at a depth of 3750 m. They were first discovered by the expedition of Robert Ballard in 1985. Subsequent expeditions raised thousands of artifacts from the bottom. The bow and stern parts have sunk deep into the bottom silt and are in a deplorable state; their ascent to the surface intact is not possible.
Wreck of the steamer "Titanic"
The catastrophe claimed the lives, according to various sources, from 1495 to 1635 people. Until December 20, 1987, when the Philippine ferry Dona Paz crashed, killing more than 4,000 people, the sinking of the Titanic remained the largest in terms of number killed by the disaster at sea in Peaceful time... Informally, it is the most famous disaster of the 20th century.
Alternative versions of the death of the ship
And now - alternative versions, each of which has its adherents in the world club of mystery lovers.
Fire
A fire in the coal compartment, which occurred even before sailing and provoked first an explosion, and then a collision with an iceberg. The ship's owners knew about the fire and tried to hide it from passengers. This version was put forward by British journalist Chenan Moloney, writes The Independent. Moloney has been researching the causes of the sinking of the Titanic for over 30 years.
In particular, he studied photographs taken before the ship left the Belfast shipyard. The journalist saw black marks along the right side of the ship's hull - just where the iceberg had pierced it. Subsequently, experts confirmed that the tracks were likely caused by a fire that broke out in the fuel storage. “We looked at exactly where the iceberg got stuck, and it seems that this part of the hull in this place was very vulnerable, and this happened even before he left the shipyard in Belfast,” says Moloney. A 12-man team tried to extinguish the flames, but they were too large to be quickly brought under control. It could reach temperatures of up to 1000 degrees Celsius, which made the Titanic's hull very vulnerable at this point. And when it hit the ice, experts say, it immediately broke. The publication also added that the management of the liner forbade passengers to talk about the fire. “This is a perfect match of unusual factors: fire, ice and criminal negligence. Nobody has investigated these tags before. It completely changes the story, ”says Moloney.
Conspiracy
Conspiracy theory: This is not Titanic at all! This version was put forward by experts in the study of the causes of the sinking of the ship Robin Gardiner and Dan Van Der Watt, published in the book "The Riddle of the Titanic". According to this theory, the wreck is not the Titanic at all, but its twin brother, the Olympic. These ships looked practically no different from each other. On September 20, 1911, the Olympic collided with the British Navy cruiser Hawk, as a result of which both ships were seriously damaged. The owners of Olimpik suffered heavy losses, as the damage inflicted on Olimpik was not enough for the insurance payment.
The theory is based on the assumption of possible fraud in order to obtain insurance payments to the owners of the Titanic. According to this version, the owners of the Titanic deliberately sent the Olympic to the area of possible ice formation and at the same time convinced the captain not to reduce speed, so that the ship would receive serious damage in a collision with an ice block. This version was initially supported by the fact that a large number of objects were raised from the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean, where the "Titanic" lies, but nothing was found that would bear the name "Titanic". This theory was refuted after the details were raised to the surface on which the Titanic's side (building) number - 401 was knocked out. tail number was 400. In addition, the embossed side number of the Titanic was also found on the propeller of the sunken ship. Even so, the conspiracy theory still has a number of followers.
German attack
1912 year. Two years remain before the First World War, and the prospect of an armed conflict between Germany and Great Britain is becoming more and more likely. Germany owns several dozen submarines, which, during the war, will launch a ruthless hunt for enemy ships trying to cross the ocean. For example, the reason for America's entry into the war will be that the U-20 submarine will sink the Lusitania in 1915, the twin of the same Mauritania that set the speed record and won the Atlantic Blue Ribbon - remember?
Based on these facts, some Western publications offered their version of the sinking of the Titanic in the mid-nineties: a torpedo attack by a German submarine secretly escorting the liner. The purpose of the attack was to discredit the British fleet, famous for its power throughout the world. In accordance with this theory, "Titanic" either did not collide with an iceberg at all, or received very minor damage in a collision and would have remained afloat if the Germans had not finished off the ship with a torpedo.
What speaks in favor of this version? To be honest, nothing.
There was a collision with an iceberg - there is no doubt about it. The deck of the ship was even covered with snow and ice crumbs. The cheerful passengers started playing football with ice - that the ship is doomed, it will become clear later. The collision itself passed surprisingly quietly - almost no one of the passengers felt it. The torpedo, you see, could hardly have exploded completely silently (especially since some claim that the submarine fired as many as six torpedoes at the ship!).
Proponents of the theory of the German attack claim, however, that the people in the boats heard a terrible roar just before the sinking of the Titanic - well, that was two and a half hours later, when only the stern lifted up into the sky remained above the water and the death of the ship did not cause any doubts. It is unlikely that the Germans would have fired a torpedo at an almost sunken ship, right? And the rumble that the survivors heard was explained by the fact that the feed of the Titanic rose almost vertically and huge steam boilers fell from their places. Also, do not forget that at about the same minutes the Titanic broke in half - the keel could not bear the weight of the lifted stern (however, they learn about this only after finding the liner at the bottom: the break occurred below the water level), and this also hardly happened silently ... And why would the Germans suddenly start sinking a passenger liner two years before the start of the war? This seems, to put it mildly, dubious. And to put it bluntly - absurd.
A curse
Mystical version: the curse of the pharaohs. It is known for certain that one of the historians, Lord Cantherville, transported the perfectly preserved Egyptian mummy of a priestess - a soothsayer on the Titanic in a wooden box. Since the mummy had a fairly high historical and cultural value, it was not placed in the hold, but placed directly near the captain's bridge. The essence of the theory is that the mummy influenced the mind of Captain Smith, who, despite numerous warnings about ice in the area where the Titanic sailed, did not slow down and thereby doom the ship to certain death. In favor of this version they say known cases the mysterious death of people who disturbed the peace of ancient burials, especially the mummified Egyptian rulers. Moreover, deaths were associated precisely with clouding of the mind, as a result of which people performed inappropriate actions, often there were cases of suicide. Pharaohs had a hand in the sinking of the Titanic?
Steering error
One of latest versions the sinking of the Titanic deserves special attention. It appeared after the novel by the granddaughter of the second mate of the Titanic, Lady Patten, Lady Patten, was published. According to the version put forward by Patten in his book, the ship had enough time to dodge the obstacle, but the helmsman Robert Hitchens panicked and turned the helm in the wrong direction.
A catastrophic mistake resulted in the iceberg causing fatal damage to the vessel. The truth about what really happened on that fateful night was kept secret in the family of Lightoller - the oldest surviving officer of the Titanic and the only survivor who knew exactly what caused the ship's death. Lightoller withheld this information out of fears that the White Star Line, which owned the ship, would go bankrupt and his colleagues would lose their jobs. The only person to whom Lightoller told the truth was his wife Sylvia, who conveyed her husband's words to her granddaughter. In addition, according to Patten, such a large and reliable liner like the Titanic sank so quickly because after the collision with the ice block it was not immediately stopped, and the rate of water flow into the holds increased hundreds of times. The liner was not immediately stopped because the manager of the White Star Line, Bruce Ismay, convinced the captain to continue sailing. He feared that the incident could cause considerable material damage to the company he headed.
Pursuit of the Atlantic Blue Ribbon
There were and still are many supporters of this theory, especially among writers, since it appeared in literary circles. The Atlantic Blue Ribbon is a prestigious shipping prize awarded to ocean liners for their record speed across the North Atlantic.
At the time of the Titanic, this prize was awarded to the ship Mauritania of the Kunard company, which, incidentally, was the founder of this award, as well as the main competitor of the White Star Line. In defense of this theory, the opinion is put forward that the president of the company that owned the Titanic, Ismay urged the captain of the Titanic, Smith, to arrive in New York one day ahead of schedule and receive the honorary prize. This allegedly explains the high speed of the ship in dangerous area Atlantic. But this theory can easily be refuted, because the Titanic simply physically could not reach the speed of 26 knots, at which the Mauritania of the Cunard company set a record, which, incidentally, held out for more than 10 years after the disaster in the Atlantic.
But what was it like in reality?
Sadly, but studying the history of the most famous sea disaster, we have to admit that the death of the "Titanic" is due to a long chain of fatal accidents. If even one link of the ominous chain were destroyed, the tragedy would have been avoided.
Perhaps the first link was the successful start of the journey - yes, that's right. On the morning of April 10, while the Titanic sailed from the quay wall of the Port of Southampton, the superliner passed too close to the American ship New York, and a phenomenon known in navigation as the suction of ships arose: the New York began to be attracted to a moving nearby "Titanic". However, thanks to the skill of Captain Edward Smith, the collision was avoided.
Ironically, if an accident had happened, it would have saved one and a half thousand lives: if the Titanic had been delayed in the port, the ill-fated meeting with the iceberg would not have happened.
This time. It should also be mentioned that the radio operators who received the message from the Mesaba vessel about the ice fields of icebergs did not pass it on to Edward Smith: the telegram was not marked with a special prefix “personally to the captain,” and was lost in a heap of papers. These are two.
Nevertheless, this message was not the only one, and the captain knew about the ice danger. Why didn't he slow down the ship? The pursuit of the Blue Ribbon is, of course, a matter of honor (and, more importantly, of big business), but why did he risk the lives of passengers? Yes, not so risked, in fact. In those years, the captains of ocean liners often passed ice-hazardous areas without slowing down: it was like crossing the road to a red light: it seems that you can't do that, but it always works. Almost always.
To the credit of Captain Smith, it must be said that he remained faithful to naval traditions and remained on the dying ship until the very end.
But why was the bulk of the iceberg not seen? It all came together one to one: a moonless, dark night, calm weather. If there were even small waves on the water surface, lookouts could see white sheep at the foot of the iceberg. Calm and moonless night are two more links in the fatal chain.
As it turned out later, the chain was continued by the fact that the iceberg, shortly before the collision with the Titanic, turned over its underwater, saturated with water, its dark part upward, due to which at night it was practically not visible from afar (an ordinary, white iceberg would be distinguishable from a mile ). The sentinel saw him only 450 meters away, and there was almost no time for maneuver. Perhaps the iceberg would have been noticed earlier, but the next link in the fatal chain played a role here - there were no binoculars in the "crow's nest". The box where they were kept was locked, and the second mate, taken from the ship just before departure, took the key to it in a hurry.
After the lookout nevertheless saw the danger and reported the iceberg to the captain's bridge, a little more than half a minute remained before the collision. Officer of the watch, Murdoch, on watch, gave the helmsman the order to turn left, while sending the command "full back" to the engine room. Thus, he made a gross mistake, adding another link in the chain that led the liner to death: even if the Titanic hit the iceberg head-on, the tragedy would have been less. The bow of the ship would have been crushed, part of the crew and those passengers whose cabins were located in front would have perished. But only two watertight compartments would have been flooded. With such damage, the liner would remain afloat and could wait for the help of other ships.
And if Murdoch, turning the ship to the left, ordered an increase, not a decrease in speed, there might not have been a collision at all. However, frankly speaking, the order to change the speed is unlikely to play a significant role here: in thirty seconds it was hardly executed in engine room.
So the collision happened. The iceberg damaged the fragile skin of the ship along the six starboard compartments.
Looking ahead, we will say that only seven hundred and four managed to escape: the next link in the chain of failures was that some sailors too literally understood the captain's order to put women and children in the boats, and did not let men go there, even if there were empty seats. However, at first, no one was particularly eager to get into the boats. The passengers did not understand what was the matter, and did not want to leave the huge, comfortably lit, such a reliable liner and it was not clear why they would go down in a small unstable boat down to the icy water. However, pretty soon anyone could have noticed that the deck was tilting forward more and more, and panic began.
But why was there such a monstrous disparity in the seats on the lifeboats? The owners of the Titanic, extolling the merits of the new ship, stated that they even exceeded the code's instructions: instead of the prescribed 962 rescue places on the ship, there were 1178. Unfortunately, they did not attach any importance to the discrepancy between this number and the number of passengers on board.
It is especially bitter that not far from the sinking Titanic, another passenger steamer, the Californian, stood waiting for the ice hazard. A few hours ago, he notified the neighboring ships that he was locked by ice and had to stop, so as not to accidentally run into an ice block. The radio operator from the Titanic, who was almost stunned by the Morse code from the Californian (the ships were very close, and the signal of one was too loud in the headphones of the other), rudely interrupted the warning: "Go to hell, you are interfering with my work!" What was the Titanic's radio operator so busy with?
The fact is that in those years, radio communication on a ship was more a luxury than an absolute necessity, and this miracle of technology aroused great interest among the wealthy public. From the very beginning of the flight, the radio operators were literally inundated with messages of a private nature - and no one saw anything reprehensible in the fact that the radio operators of the Titanic paid such attention to rich passengers who wished to send a telegram to the ground directly from the liner. So at that moment when colleagues from other ships reported about floating ice, the radio operator was transmitting another message to the continent. Radio communication was more like an expensive toy than a serious tool: ships of that time did not even have a round-the-clock watch at the radio station.
Exactly 107 years ago, the Titanic embarked on its maiden and last voyage. On this occasion, we collected 20 little-known facts about one of the most unlucky ships in history.
Polina Bykhovskaya
1. 3 million rivets were used to build the Titanic, most of which were handcrafted.
2. Launching the ship took 23 tons of grease, locomotive oil and liquid soap to lubricate the gangway guides.
3. The designers considered the liner unsinkable. The double bottom and 16 watertight bulkheads were know-how for that time. However, the designers did not know how penetrating the iceberg could be.
4. There was no such simple thing on the Titanic as binoculars. The captain fired his second mate Blair, who, in retaliation, stole the keys to the safe where the lookout binoculars were.
5. The shipwreck happened on April 14, 1912. Events are recreated to the smallest detail. Since early morning, ten times the crews of other liners transmitted reports that icebergs were already nearby, but the Titanic ignored these warnings. The latest report arrived on the Titanic 40 minutes before the collision. But the Titanic radio operator did not even listen to the message and cut off the connection.
6. Many celebrities of that time were on the liner. Among them, for example, was the millionaire and feminist Margaret Brown. She was famous for knowing five languages and swearing at them like a shoemaker. After the collision with the iceberg, Margaret helped put people on the boats, but she was in no hurry to leave the ship herself. Finally, someone forcefully pushed her into the boat and sent her out to sea. Having reached another ship, the Carpathia, Margaret immediately began to look for blankets and food for the victims, made lists of survivors, and collected money. By the time the Carpathia arrived at the port, she had collected $ 10,000 for the survivors.
7. Another famous passenger of the Titanic, businessman Benjamin Guggenheim, got his companion into a lifeboat. He convinced her that they would soon see each other, although he understood that the situation was hopeless. Together with the valet, he returned to the cabin and changed into a tailcoat, and then sat down at a table in the central hall and began to drink whiskey. When someone suggested that they still try to escape, Guggenheim replied: "We are dressed in accordance with our position and are ready to die like gentlemen."
8. An outstanding ticket to the Titanic launching ceremony went under the hammer at a London auction for $ 56,300. And the onboard menu with a list of 40 dishes was sold in New York for $ 31,300. Another similar menu in London went for 76,000 pounds. The keys to the ship's quarters, which housed the lifeboat lanterns, also survived and were sold for 59,000 pounds.
9. The liner was sinking to the music. The orchestra stood up to the last on the deck and played the church hymn "Closer, Lord, to You."
10. In 1991 and 1995, the Russian deep-sea vehicles "Mir" sank to the ship, which is now at a depth of 3.8 kilometers. Then the devices shot a video that was included in the notorious film by James Cameron. This year, in honor of the centenary of the sinking of the liner, our submariners again promised to dive to the Titanic.
11. UNESCO waited a hundred years to declare the wreck of the Titanic as an object cultural heritage... For such cases, they have a special convention. Now UNESCO will make sure that the items from the Titanic do not go to uncultured divers.
12. Released in honor of the centenary of the film "Titanic 3D" has already raised an impressive $ 17.4 million in the United States. "Titanic" by James Cameron in 1997 was a phenomenal success and the box office at that time was huge: $ 1.8 billion. It was only 12 years later that the movie "Avatar" was able to break this record.
13. The ill-fated black iceberg, or rather his photograph, was found 90 years after the sinking of the Titanic. A few days after the tragedy, a certain Stefan Regorek from Bohemia on another liner sailed past the crash site and photographed an iceberg. After a thorough examination, it was proved that the dents on the iceberg could well have been made by the ship. So the block of ice also suffered.
14. Jack Dawson, the hero of the very film that brought Cameron fame and fortune, is a real character. True, Cameron later assured that he took the name from the ceiling and that it was a coincidence. Nevertheless, the real Jack Dawson was a coal miner on the Titanic. True, he was not in love with the green-eyed Kate Winslet (she was not yet born then), but with the sister of his friend, who persuaded him to become a sailor. In the end, of course, everyone died.
15. Legends are still told about the Titanic. For example, lovers of mysticism point out that in 1898 the writer Morgan Robertson wrote the novel "Vanity" - about a huge transatlantic liner and its smug passengers. There are many similarities in the narrative, for example, the name of the ship - "Titan" - and the collision with an iceberg on a cold April night.
16. Another legend says that once every six years, radio operators catch on the air the SOS ghost signal from the Titanic. For the first time this was stated by the crew of the battleship "Theodore Roosevelt" in 1972. The radio operator rummaged through the archives and found notes from his colleagues that they too had received strange radiograms allegedly from the Titanic: in 1924, 1930, 1936 and 1942. In April 1996, the SOS signal from the Titanic was received by the Canadian ship Quebec.
17. Although the official version says that the Titanic sank the iceberg, not everyone believes it. For example, some claimed that the Titanic was sunk by a German torpedo fired by employees of the company that built the liner to get insurance. However, this sounds unconvincing, considering how many employees of the company died on April 14, 1912.
18. The Titanic was not the only major liner of the White Star Line. The ship Olympic began to be built at the same time as the Titanic. In 1911, on her 11th voyage, the Olympic collided with the British cruiser Hawk. The latter miraculously remained afloat, while the Olympic got off with minor injuries.
19. The younger brother of the Titanic, the Britannic was supposed to be named Gigantic, but after the crash of the first liner, the builders decided to moderate their ambitions. The Britannic was the most comfortable of the three ships: it had two hairdressers, a children's playroom, and a gym for second class passengers. Unfortunately, the passengers did not have time to appreciate the merits of the new liner. After the outbreak of war, it was converted into a hospital ship and was soon blown up by a mine near Greece. True, most of the people on board were saved.
20. The last of the Titanic passengers died in 2009 at the age of 97. At the time of the shipwreck, she was 2.5 months old.
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On April 10, 1912, the Titanic liner set off from the port of Southampton for its first and last voyages, which after 4 days collided with an iceberg. We all know about the tragedy that took the lives of almost 1,496 people largely thanks to the film, but let's get acquainted with the real stories of the passengers of the Titanic.
On the passenger deck of the Titanic, the real cream of society gathered: millionaires, actors and writers. Not everyone could afford to buy a class I ticket - the price was $ 60,000 at current prices.
Passengers of the 3rd class bought tickets for only 35 dollars ($ 650 today), therefore they did not have the right to rise above the third deck. On the fateful night, class division was more tangible than ever ...
Bruce Ismay was one of the first to jump into a lifeboat - general manager company "White Star Line", which also owned the "Titanic". The boat, designed for 40 people, departed from the side with only twelve.
After the catastrophe, Ismay was accused of getting into a lifeboat bypassing women and children, as well as the fact that it was he who instructed the captain of the Titanic to increase speed, which led to the tragedy. The court acquitted him.
William Ernest Carter boarded the Titanic in Sumphampton with his wife Lucy and two children Lucy and William, as well as two dogs.
On the night of the disaster, he was at a party in the restaurant of a first-class ship, and after the collision, together with his comrades, he went onto the deck, where the boats were already being prepared. At first, William put his daughter in boat number 4, but when it was his son's turn, they were in trouble.
Right in front of them, 13-year-old John Ryson boarded the boat, after which the boarding officer ordered the teenage boys not to be taken on board. Lucy Carter ingeniously threw her hat on her 11-year-old son and sat down with him.
When the landing process was completed and the boat began to descend into the water, Carter himself quickly got into it, along with another passenger. It turned out to be the already mentioned Bruce Ismay.
Roberta Mayoney, 21, worked as the Countess's maid and sailed the Titanic with her mistress in first grade.
On board, she met a brave young steward from the ship's crew, and soon the young people fell in love with each other. When the Titanic began to sink, the steward rushed into Roberta's cabin, took her to the boat deck and put her in the boat, giving her his life vest.
He himself died, like many other crew members, and Robert was picked up by the ship "Carpathia", on which she sailed to New York. It was only there, in the pocket of her coat, that she found a badge with a star, which, at the moment of parting, the steward put in her pocket as a souvenir of himself.
Emily Richards sailed with her two young sons, mom, brother and sister to her husband. At the time of the disaster, the woman was sleeping in the cabin with her children. They were awakened by the screams of their mother, who ran into the cabin after the collision.
The Richards miraculously managed to get into the descending boat # 4 through the window. When the Titanic sank completely, the passengers of her boat managed to pull seven more people out of the icy water, two of whom, unfortunately, soon died of frostbite.
The famous American businessman Isidore Strauss traveled in the first class with his wife Ida. The Strauss have been married for 40 years and have never parted.
When the ship's officer invited the family to get into the boat, Isidore refused, deciding to make way for women and children, but Ida also followed him.
In their place, the Strauss put their maid in the boat. Isidor's body was identified by the wedding ring, Ida's body was not found.
Two orchestras played on Titanic: a quintet led by 33-year-old British violinist Wallace Hartley and an additional trio of musicians hired to give Café Parisien a continental touch.
Usually two members of the "Titanic" orchestra worked in different parts liner and in different time, but on the night of the sinking of the ship, all of them united into one orchestra.
One of the rescued passengers of the Titanic would write later: “Many heroic deeds were committed that night, but none of them could compare with the feat of these several musicians, who played hour after hour, although the ship sank deeper and deeper, and the sea crept up to the place where they stood. The music they performed gave them the right to be included in the list of heroes of eternal glory. "
Hartley's body was found two weeks after the sinking of the Titanic and sent to England. A violin was tied to his chest - a gift from the bride. There were no survivors among the other members of the orchestra ...
Michelle, 4, and Edmond, 2, traveled with their father, who died in the crash, and were considered "orphans of the Titanic" until their mother was found in France.
Michel died in 2001, the last male survivor on the Titanic.
Winnie Coates was heading to New York with her two children. On the night of the disaster, she woke up from a strange noise, but decided to wait for the orders of the crew members. Her patience ran out, she rushed for a long time along the endless corridors of the ship, getting lost.
Suddenly, a member of the crew met her and directed her to the boats. She pounced on the broken closed gate, but at that very moment another officer appeared, who saved Vinnie and her children, giving them his life jacket.
As a result, Vinnie found herself on the deck, where she was boarding boat number 2, on which, literally by a miracle, she managed to dive ..
Seven-year-old Eva Hart escaped the sinking Titanic with her mother, but her father died in the crash.
Ellen Walker believes that her conception took place on the Titanic before the collision with the iceberg. "It means a lot to me," she admitted in an interview.
Her parents were 39-year-old Samuel Morley, a jewelry store owner in England, and 19-year-old Keith Phillips, one of his workers fled to America from the man's first wife, seeking to start new life.
Kate got into a lifeboat, Samuel jumped into the water after her, but could not swim and drowned. "Mom spent 8 hours in the lifeboat," Helene said. "She was in one nightgown, but one of the sailors gave her his jumper."
Violet Constance Jessop. Until the last moment, the stewardess did not want to be hired on the Titanic, but her friends persuaded her, because they believed that it would be "a wonderful experience."
Prior to that, on October 20, 1910, Violette became a stewardess of the transatlantic liner Olympic, which a year later collided with a cruiser due to unsuccessful maneuvering, but the girl managed to escape.
And from the Titanic, Violett escaped on a boat. During the First World War, the girl went to work as a nurse, and in 1916 she got on board the Britannica, which ... also went down! Two boats with a crew were pulled under the propeller of a sinking ship. 21 people died.
Among them could be Violet, who sailed in one of the broken boats, but again luck was on her side: she managed to jump out of the boat and survived.
Fireman Arthur John Priest also survived the shipwreck not only on the Titanic, but also on the Olympic and Britannic (by the way, all three ships were the brainchild of the same company). On account of Priest, there are 5 shipwrecks.
On April 21, 1912, the New York Times published the story of Edward and Ethel Beanov, who sailed the Titanic in second grade. After the crash, Edward helped his wife get into the boat. But when the boat had already sailed, he saw that it was half empty, and threw himself into the water. Ethel dragged her husband into the boat.
Among the passengers of the Titanic were the famous tennis player Karl Behr and his beloved Helen Newsom. After the disaster, the athlete ran to the cabin and took the women to the boat deck.
The lovers were already ready to say goodbye forever when the head of White Star Line Bruce Ismay personally offered Beru a place in the boat. A year later, Karl and Helen got married, and later became the parents of three children.
Edward John Smith is the captain of the Titanic who was very popular with both the crew and passengers. At 2.13 at night, just 10 minutes before the final sinking of the ship under water, Smith returned to the captain's bridge, where he decided to meet his death.
Second Mate Charles Herbert Lightoller jumped off the ship one of the last, narrowly avoiding being sucked into the ventilation shaft. He swam to the folding boat B, which was floating upside down: the Titanic pipe that broke off and fell into the sea next to him drove the boat further from the sinking ship and allowed it to stay afloat.
American businessman Benjamin Guggenheim helped women and children board lifeboats during the crash. When asked to save himself, he replied: "We are dressed in our best clothes and are ready to die like gentlemen."
Benjamin died at the age of 46, his body was not found.
Thomas Andrews - First Class Passenger, Irish businessman and shipbuilder, was the designer of the Titanic ...
During the evacuation, Thomas helped the passengers board the boats. He was last seen in the first class smoking room near the fireplace, looking at the painting Port of Plymouth. His body was never found after the crash.
John Jacob and Madeleine Astor, a millionaire science fiction writer with his young wife, traveled first class. Madeleine escaped on boat # 4. John Jacob's body was recovered from the depths of the ocean 22 days after his death.
Colonel Archibald Gracie IV is an American writer and amateur historian who survived the sinking of the Titanic. Back in New York, Gracie immediately began writing a book about his voyage.
It was she who became a real encyclopedia for historians and researchers of the disaster, thanks to the a large number the names of stowaways and 1st class passengers remaining on the Titanic. Gracie's health was severely compromised by hypothermia and injuries, and he died in late 1912.
Margaret (Molly) Brown is an American socialite, philanthropist, and activist. Survived. When a panic arose on the Titanic, Molly put people in lifeboats, but she herself refused to sit there.
“If the worst happens, I’ll swim out,” she said, until finally someone forcefully pushed her into boat number 6, which made her famous.
After Molly organized the Titanic Survivors Relief Fund.
Millwina Dean was the last surviving passenger on the Titanic: she died on May 31, 2009 at the age of 97 in a nursing home in Ashurst, Hampshire, on the 98th anniversary of the ship's launch. ...
Her ashes were scattered on October 24, 2009 in the port of Southampton, from where the Titanic began its maiden and last voyage. At the time of the sinking of the liner, she was two and a half months old.
The Titanic is the largest and most luxurious liner of its time. He was unashamedly called unsinkable, and he really seemed like that. He set out on his maiden voyage at noon on April 10 from the English port of Southampton. The final destination was to be American city New York. But the Titanic, as you know, did not make it to the shores of the United States ...
The collision of the "Titanic" with an iceberg
On April 14, 1912, the liner at full speed (at a speed of 22.5 knots, it was almost the maximum speed) rushed along North Atlantic... Nothing foreshadowed the tragedy, there was a complete calm. On upper deck an orchestra played in a restaurant with a beautiful interior. Rich first grade people drank champagne, walked under open air and enjoyed the wonderful weather.
Late in the evening of April 14, at 11:39 pm, two lookouts (this is the official name of the sailors observing the situation during the voyage from a comfortable position) noticed an iceberg right along the course and reported this by telephone to the bridge. Officer William Murdock immediately commanded "Left rudder." Thus, he tried to prevent a collision.
But the multi-ton ship could not turn instantly, although in this case every second was worth its weight in gold - the block of ice was getting closer and closer. And only after about half a minute the Titanic's nose began to tilt to the left. In the end visible part the iceberg "missed" the ship without touching the starboard side.
The Titanic managed to turn two points, this was enough to prevent a head-on collision, but the liner still could not get away from the ice block - it ran into its hidden part, which was under water. This contact lasted approximately nine seconds. As a result, six holes were formed - all of them were below the waterline.
Contrary to popular misconception, the iceberg did not "cut" the bottom of the liner. Everything was a little different: from strong pressure the rivets on the casing shattered, the steel sheets were bent and gaps appeared between them. Water began to enter the compartments through them. And the penetration rate, of course, was enormous - more than seven tons per second.
The iceberg bent the hull of the ship, as a result of which the tightness was broken
Further chronology of the tragedy
Most of the passengers on the upper deck felt no threat at first. The stewards who served the snack on the tables in the restaurant noticed only a slight clink of spoons and forks on the tables. Some of the passengers felt a slight jolt and rattling, which quickly ended. Some people thought that the propeller blade had simply fallen off from the ship.
On the lower decks, the first consequences were more tangible: the local passengers heard an unpleasant grinding and rumble.
Exactly at midnight, Thomas Andrews, the man who designed the Titanic, came to the bridge. He had to assess the nature and severity of the damage that occurred. After the report on what had happened and about the inspection of the ship, Andrews told everyone present that the Titanic would definitely sink.
Soon the ship began to lurch noticeably. The 62-year-old captain of the vessel, Edward Smith, gave the order to prepare boats and begin calling passengers for evacuation.
And the radio operators, in turn, were ordered to send SOS signals to all nearby ships. They did this for the next two hours, and only a few minutes before the complete drowning, Smith relieved the telegraph operators from work.
Several ships received distress signals, but almost all of them were too far from the Titanic. At 00:25, the message about the tragedy on the Titanic was received by the Carpathia ship. It was at a distance of 93 kilometers from the crash site. Immediately the captain of the "Carpathia" Arthur Rostron sent his ship to the area. “Carpathia”, hurrying to help people, managed to develop that night a record speed for itself of 17.5 knots - for this, all the devices working on electricity and heating were turned off on the ship.
There was another ship, which was even closer to the Titanic than the Carpathia - only 10 nautical miles (which is equal to 18.5 kilometers). In theory, he could be of help. This is the Californian liner. The Californian was surrounded by ice, and therefore its captain decided to stop the ship - it was not planned to start again until the next morning.
At 11:30 pm, Titanic radio operator Phillips and Californian radio operator Evans talked to each other. And Phillips at the very end of this dialogue rather rudely asked Evans not to litter the air, since at that moment he was transmitting a signal to Cape Reis (this is a cape on the island of Newfoundland). After that, Evans simply turned off the power in the radio room and went to bed. And after 10 minutes, the Titanic collided with an iceberg. Some time later, the Titanic sent the first distress signal, but the Californian could no longer receive it.
On top of that, the Titanic had no red flares. The confidence in the unsinkability of the ship was so high that no one bothered to take the red rockets with them. Then it was decided to fire volleys of ordinary whites. The calculation was that the crew of a nearby ship would guess that trouble had happened to the Titanic. The Californian officers did see the white rockets, but they thought it was just some kind of festive fireworks. A fantastic series of misunderstandings!
At half past one in the morning, the passengers began to be seated in the boats. It immediately became clear that there were not enough places for everyone. In total, there were twenty boats on board and their total capacity was 1178 people.
By order of Captain Smith and his assistant Charles Lightoller, who supervised the evacuation process on the left side of the liner, only children and women were taken into the boats. Men, according to the captain, were obliged to be on the ship to the last. But William Murdock, another assistant to Smith, who led the evacuation on the starboard side, gave places in boats and men when there were no women and children in the line.
At about 02:15, the bow of the liner suddenly sank down and the rest of the ship moved forward. A large cold wave swept across the decks, many people were simply carried overboard.
At about 02:20 the Titanic completely disappeared under the ocean water. The liner was so huge that it sank for 160 minutes.
After the food was completely submerged, hundreds of people swam to the surface. They swam in the icy water among all sorts of things from the ship: wooden beams, pieces of furniture, doors, etc. Many tried to use all this as a floating craft.
Temperature ocean water that night was −2 ° С (sea water does not freeze at this temperature due to the concentration of salt in it). A man here was dying of severe hypothermia within half an hour on average. And many of those moving away from the sunken ship on boats heard the heartbreaking cries of those who did not have enough space in the boats ...
At about 04:00, the Carpathia appeared in the area of the sinking Titanic. This ship carried 712 people on board, after which it headed for New York. Among the rescued, 394 people are women and children, 129 people are men, another 189 people are members of the ship's crew.
The death toll in this shipwreck was, according to various sources, from 1400 to 1517 people (it is difficult to give an exact figure, because there were many free riders on the Titanic). Thus, 60% of passengers from first class cabins managed to escape, 44% from second class cabins, 25% from those who bought third class tickets.
Titanic characteristics
When commissioned, the Titanic was 269 meters long and about 30 meters wide. The height of the liner was also impressive: from the waterline to the very top boat deck here it was 18.5 meters (and if you count from the keel to the top of the first pipe , it would be 53 meters in general). The draft of this liner was 10.5 meters, and the displacement was 52310 tons.
"Titanic" in 1912 in the port of Belfast (this is where it was built)
The liner was driven by several four-cylinder steam engines and a steam turbine. At the same time, steam for them, as well as for all kinds of auxiliary mechanisms, was produced in 29 boilers. It should be specially noted that none of the thirty ship mechanics survived. They stayed in the engine room and kept the steam units running until the very end.
The role of propulsion on the Titanic was performed by three propellers. The diameter of the central rotor was 5.2 meters, it had four blades. The propellers located at the edges had a larger diameter - 7.2 meters, but they had three blades. Propellers with three blades could rotate up to 80 rpm, and the central one - up to 180 rpm.
There were also four chimneys above the upper deck, each 19 meters high. The Titanic had a double bottom and had sixteen pressurized compartments. They were separated by watertight bulkheads. It is estimated that the ship would remain afloat even if any two compartments or four contiguous compartments on the bow or stern were flooded. But on the night of the tragedy, the iceberg damaged five compartments - one more than allowed.
Crew and passenger composition
It is known that on a tragic voyage in the ship's crew there were many people who had not undergone special training: stewards, stokers, shtivschikov (this was the name of people whose task was to bring coal to the furnaces and throw ash overboard), coca. There were very few qualified sailors - only 39 sailors and seven officers, captain's mates. Moreover, some of the sailors have not even had time to get to know the Titanic well, since they were hired just a few days before sailing.
It is worth telling a little about the passengers. The passenger composition was extremely motley - from mendicant emigrants from Sweden, Italy, Ireland, who sailed for better life to the New World, to hereditary millionaires such as John Jacob Astor IV and Benjamin Guggenheim (both died).
Benjamin Guggenheim put on his best tailcoat and began to drink whiskey in the hall - so he spent the last hours of his life
In accordance with the cost of the purchased ticket, there was a division into three classes. For those who sailed in the first class, a swimming pool, a training hall were provided physical education, a sauna, a squash court, an electric bath (a kind of "ancestor" of the solarium) and a special compartment for pets. There was also a restaurant, elegantly furnished dining rooms, smoking rooms.
By the way, the service in the third class was also decent, better than on some other transatlantic steamers of that time. The cabins were bright and comfortable, not cold and clean enough. The dining room served not very sophisticated, but quite acceptable dishes, there were special decks for walking.
The premises and spaces of the ship were strictly divided according to classes. And passengers of, say, third class were forbidden to be on the first class deck.
"Titanic" in books and films
The terrible events that happened on the Titanic in April 1912 served as the basis for many literary works, paintings, songs and films.
The first book about "Titanic" was written, paradoxically, long before its crash. The little-known American writer Morgan Robertson released the story "Futility, or the Death of a Titan" back in 1898. It described the supposedly unsinkable ship Titan, which crashed on an April night, colliding with a kind of iceberg. There weren't enough boats on the Titan, and so many of the passengers died.
The story did not sell well at first, but after the incident of 1912, interest in the book sharply increased - there were quite a lot of coincidences between the events described in the story and the real crash of the Titanic. And key specifications the fictional "Titan" was similar to the characteristics of the real "Titanic" - a truly amazing fact!
Morgan Robertson and his story, where the death of the Titanic was predicted to some extent
And the first feature film about the tragedy was released in May of the same 1912 - it was called "She Escaped from the Titanic". Its duration was 10 minutes, it was dumb and black and white. The main role here was played by Dorothy Gibson, an actress who, on that unfortunate night herself, was on the Titanic and found her salvation in boat number seven.
In 1953, director Jean Negulesco turned to the topic of the tragic journey of the Titanic. According to the plot, on "Titanic" the husband, wife and their two children sort out the relationship between themselves. And everything seems to be getting better, but then the liner stumbles upon an iceberg and begins to go to the bottom. The family has to go through separation, the wife and daughter sail away in the boat, the son and father remain on the sinking ship. The film, by the way, received one Oscar in the same 1953.
But the most famous film about the sinking of the liner is James Cameron's Titanic, which appeared in theaters (and then on DVD) in 1997. It won as many as eleven Academy Awards and has long been considered the highest grossing film in history.
Authoritative experts on the wreck of the Titanic (for example, historian Don Lynch and marine painter Ken Marshall) took part in preparing the script and creating the scenery for Cameron's film. Cooperation with respected experts made it possible to reliably convey some episodes of the crash. Cameron's Titanic called new wave interest in the history of the liner. In particular, after the release of the film, the demand for books and exhibitions related to this topic increased.
Discovery of the Titanic at the bottom of the Atlantic
The legendary ship lay at the bottom for 73 years before it was discovered. More specifically, it was found in 1985 by a group of divers led by oceanographer Robert Ballard. As a result, it turned out that under the tremendous pressure of water "Titanic" (the depth here was about 4000 meters) fell apart into three parts. The wreckage of the liner was scattered over an area with a radius of 1.6 kilometers. Ballard and his associates first of all found the bow of the ship, which, apparently, due to its large mass, went deep into the ground. Poop was found 800 meters away. Remains of the middle part were also seen nearby.
Between the large elements of the liner at the bottom one could also see small objects testifying to that era: a set of copper cutlery, unopened wine bottles, coffee cups, doorknobs, candelabra and ceramic baby dolls ...
Later, several expeditions to the remains of the "Titanic" were carried out by the company RMS Titanic, which legally had the rights to the fragments of the liner and other related artifacts. During these expeditions, more than 6,000 items were raised from the bottom. They were subsequently valued at $ 110 million. These items were exhibited in thematic expositions or sold at auctions.
But why wasn't the Titanic fully lifted up? Alas, this is impossible. Experts have established that any attempt to lift the ship's hull will lead to its destruction, and therefore it will most likely remain at the bottom forever.
The documentary "Titanic": The Death of a Dream "
Most of the photos taken father Frank Brown.
From 1911 to 1916, Frank Brown studied theology at the Milltown Park Institute in Dublin. During this period, his uncle Robert (Bishop of Kloin) sent him an unusual gift: a ticket to little trip on board " Titanic"heading on his maiden voyage. Uncle gave Frank travel from Southampton to Cherbourg and then to Queenstown (Cob), County Cork, Ireland.
While sailing on " Titanic", father Brown made friends with a couple of American millionaires who sat with him at the same table in the dining room of the first class liner. They suggested that he send a message to his abbot in Dublin (archbishop) to ask him for permission to stay on board until the end of the voyage to New York. An American couple offered to pay for his fare. The message was immediately telegraphed, and the answer awaited Frank upon arrival in Queenstown. It consisted of five words:
"Get off this ship! Archbishop".
The picture was taken at Waterloo Station on Wednesday at 9:45 am on April 10, 1912. The photographer captured the first and last train that brought passengers to " Titanic"
For many years it was believed that the gentleman on the left was John Jacob Astor, who died during the death of "T itanica"(see below). In fact, this is his cousin, William Weldorf Astor, who moved to England from the USA in 1980
Two out of three screws " Titanic"(left and middle)
"Olympic" and " Titanic"(right) in Belfast. This is the only photograph of the two ships together. (Steamship Company White star line built three huge liners: " Titanic», « Olympic" and " Britannica»)
Crow's nest on " Titanic". Observation platform on the foremast for the lookout
"Titanic"in Southampton on April 5, 1912, when on it in the first and last time the "Big Flag of Glory" was raised
Before you board " Titanic", Frank Brown took this picture. In the distance you can see the gangway for second class passengers, identical to those on which he stands.
April 10, 1912, at 12:00 noon. "Titanic"sets sail from Southampton
The photographer leaned over the side of the ship to take pictures of the tugboats below. In the distance you can see the bank of the Test River and several private yachts anchored. To the left of the photographer is lifeboat number seven. When " Titanic"will start to sink, this boat will be the first to be launched into the water
Moving along the deck of the ship, Frank Brown photographed the crowd, consisting mainly of local residents seeing off " Titanic"
"Titanic"barely avoids a collision with the American ship New York. The tug is trying to drag the stern of the New York from the side." Titanic".
"Titanic"has already rounded the end of the pier, where I passed the New York liner, which had already moored and began to turn towards" Titanic Passengers can be seen leaning out of the large promenade deck to see the alleged collision
Photograph by F.H. Ernott shows the tugboat Volcano at the side Titanic". The departure of the ship from Southampton was delayed by an hour after it nearly collided with the ship" New York "
The boy on the right is Jack Odell, family member with whom he is traveling Frank Brown and in the distance is a major Archibald Butt, military adjutant to President William Howard Taft
Captain Smith on deck 187 yards long
This is obviously an American short story writer. Jacques Fotrell standing on the deck next to the gym " Titanic". Author of the popular detective story" Thinking Machine ", he took on board many unpublished stories that will be lost forever. Celebrating his 37th anniversary the day before sailing, he will die in a disaster
A gentleman in a white flannel suit is T. V. McCawley, A 34-year-old physical education teacher from Aberdeen. A few years later, one of the passengers will remember McCawley as a very strict person in relations with passengers. But with the kids on board, he was softer.
Taken from the stern of the A-deck, this photograph shows the rear of the ship's superstructure. On the upper deck, a group of second class passengers
Frank Brown bumped into an unfamiliar couple taking a morning walk. Upstairs, next to the second-class promenade deck railing, benches are assembled
Sexennial Robert Douglas Steedman from Tuxedo Park, New York, launches a spinning top, and his father Frederick looks. During the sinking of the ship, both father and son were saved, but the photographs taken by Frederick with the help of a camera hanging on his shoulder did not.
Vertically descending doors (closed in the photo) in one of the watertight bulkheads
Boilers " Titanic"
Junior radio operator " Titanic", Harold Bride, at his post. Since this is the only photograph ever taken in the ship's radio room, Frank Brown kept it despite double exposure
Third-class passengers are crowded at the stern of the ship, from where a propeller hazard sign can be seen below. The small dot on the fourth chimney is the soot-covered face of a stoker who climbed up to get a bird's eye view of the Irish port. To some, he seemed like a black death ghost looking down. Superstitious passengers saw this as a bad omen
Class 1 sleeping room (B-57)
Coupe - 1st class luxury (D-19)
Class 1 sleeping room (B-38)
Class 1 sleeping room (B-64)
Hall with fireplace in the suite
Bedroom in the apartment Frank Brown number A-37 on board "Titanic "
Cafe on deck B, starboard
Deck " Titanic"
Staircase under the dome. 1 class
Ticket for " Titanic"Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Kimbell. Departure April 10, 1912. Cabin D-19
The lunch menu card for April 14, 1912, which Frank Brown acquired as an illustration for his lectures
Class 1 recreation room
Class 1 common room
Class 1 smoking room
Cafe on the veranda. 1 class
Canteen for 1st class passengers
Reading room on the A-deck
Class 2 library
Class 3 dining room
Class 3 common room
Class 3 menu
Captain's bridge on " Olympique". "Titanic" and " Olympic"almost identical. This is the only photograph of the captain's bridge.
Swimming pool on " Olympique"completely identical to the pool on" Titanic"
On April 11, 1912, the Titanic made a stop at Queenstown to pick up passengers and mail
Queenstown... Pier "White Star". Crowd waiting to board the messenger ships
Passengers " Titanic"come ashore from the messenger ship" America "
Queenstown merchants were licensed to sell lace and other Irish mementos aboard transatlantic liners.
Movers awaiting work on the transfer of correspondence
Illegal trade takes place on board the liner
Loading mail
Messenger ships "Ireland" and "America" with passengers and mail dock at " Titanic"
Giant right anchor " Titanic"lifted for the last time. It took several minutes for the anchor to reach the surface. The liner used a chain of 6 anchor chains wrought iron. Each of the chains was 15 fathoms (fathoms) long
One of their late shots Frank Brown made it right after sailing " Titanic" from Queenstown with 1316 passengers and 891 crew on board,at 13:55 on April 11, 1912
Bruce Ismay(first class passenger, cabins No. B52, 54, 56, ticket No. 112058) Executive Director by White Star Line... Survived, but was stigmatized. I have never been able to forgive myself for being one of the first to take a seat in the boat. He soon left his post and spent the rest of his life as a hermit.
Edward John Smith- captain " Titanic".
Smith enjoyed high popularity among the crew and passengers.
Due to his rich experience, he was assigned to command by passenger liner "Titanic"on his maiden voyage, after which the captain was to retire.
At 2.13 am, just 10 minutes before the final submersion of the ship, Smith returned to the captain's bridge, where he met death.
William McMaster Murdoch
... First mate " Titanic".
Killed
William Murdock honestly fulfilled his duty and did everything to save as many people as possible. Seventy-five percent of all those rescued from the Titanic were evacuated from the starboard side, where the rescue operation was commanded by William Murdock.
Second mate " Titanic» Charles Herbert Lightoller. Jumping off the ship one of the last and miraculously avoiding being sucked into the ventilation shaft, he swam to the folding boat B, which floated upside down. A pipe that broke off and fell into the sea next to him " Titanic"Drove the boat further away from the sinking ship and allowed it to stay afloat
In total, there were 30 people on the overturned boat, Lightoller tried to organize them somehow, but in vain. By dawn they were picked up by boats from the ship " Carpathia", By that time there were already 27 people on the boat. These were the last rescued passengers of the Titanic Lightoller helped lift passengers and was the last to board himself. (on the pictureLightoller on right)
Frederick Fleet - one of six lookouts aboard the Titanic.The first one to see the iceberg and raise the alarm. Killed.
Thomas Andrews -(first class passenger, cabin No. A 36, ticket No. 112050), Irish businessman and shipbuilder, executive director of the Harland & Wolf shipbuilding company in Belfast. Andrews was a designer " Titanic"And one of 1,517 dead. During the evacuation Thomas helped passengers get into the boats, and was last seen in the first class smoking room near the fireplace, where he looked at the painting "Port of Plymouth". His body was never found after the crash. In Cameron's film he was playedVictor Garber.
Benjamin Guggenheim - a wealthy American businessman... Killed.
John Jacob and Madeleine ASTOR - millionaire, science fiction writer with his young wife, who was a year younger than the son of John Jacob from his first marriage to Ava Willing. They say, John Jacob Like many other influential people, they were advised not to board this liner. However, the multimillionaire decided to try his luck and still went on his last voyage on the doomed liner. Madeleine escaped on boat # 4. John Jacob's body was recovered from the depths of the ocean 22 days after his death. The writer and multimillionaire was found on a seal with the letters J.J.A.
Margaret (Molly) Brown
- American socialite, philanthropist and activist. Survived. When on " Titanic"there was a panic, Molly she put people in lifeboats, she herself refused to get there: "If the worst happens, I will swim out" - but in the end, someone pushed her by force into boat number 6, which made her famous.
The boat could accommodate 65 passengers, but in reality there were only 26. As they sailed away, boilers on the ship began to explode. "Suddenly the sea opened up, and like giant arms wrapped around the ship," she wrote Margaret... Sitting in a lifeboat in the company of 24 women and two men, she fiercely argued with the elder of the boat. Robert Hitchens, demanding to return to the crash site and pick up the drowning. When one of the passengers got cold Molly gave that her fur coat. And when the cold "finished" even her, she ordered the women to sit at the oars and row to keep warm
Molly hands over to the captain Carpathians"Artur Rostron a cup of love on behalf of the surviving passengers" Titanic»
On " Carpathians» Margaret did what she did best: organization. She knew several languages and could speak with passengers from different countries... She looked for blankets and food for them, made lists of survivors, collected money for those who lost along with “ Titanic»Everything: family and savings. By the time of arrival " Carpathians"She raised $ 10,000 to the port for the survivors. When the ship arrived in New York and the reporters asked Margaret than she owed her luck, she replied, “Brown luck is common. We are unsinkable! "
She was played in the filmKatie Bates
Lucy Christina, Lady Duff Gordon - one of the leading British fashion designers late XIX- the beginning of the XX century, known in the professional arena as Lucille. Survived
Dorothy Gibson - American silent film actress, fashion model and singer. Survived. In 1912 she played her most famous role in the film “ Survivors from the Titanic»
