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Reserves and National parks Of Russia

Reserves are specially protected areas or water areas where they try to preserve nature in its original form. For this, any economic activity and tourism is completely prohibited on the territory of the reserve.

National parks are almost the same as a nature reserve, but tourism is allowed in the parks.

In total, there are 101 nature reserves in Russia and 35 national parks... Most of the reserves are on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories.

The first reserve on the territory of Russia is the Barguzinsky reserve in Buryatia. The largest reserves are Bolshoy Arctic, Komandorsky and Wrangel Island.

The first national park - Sochi National Park and “ Elk Island" in Moscow. The largest national parks are Udege Legend, Yudyg Va, Tunkinsky, Vodlozersky, Shorsky.

Wrangel Island in the Arctic Ocean between the East Siberian and Chukchi Seas. Named after the 19th century Russian navigator and statesman Ferdinand Petrovich Wrangel. The width of the island at its narrowest part is about 140 km

The Wrangel Island reserve became the first Russian Arctic reserve The total area of ​​the reserve is 795,600 hectares, 5 miles of which surround the reserve from the sea.

The climate here is very harsh, strong cold winds blow here. Between November 22 and January 22, the sun does not rise here at all! But there is also a polar day, this is the time when the sun does not set for more than a day, it usually lasts from the 20th of May to the 20th of July.

The island is inhabited by completely different "northern animals", such as: arctic foxes, arctic wolves, lemmings, seals, walruses; here you can meet the owner of the island - polar bear, often there are wolves, foxes, wolverines, ermines

Wrangel Island is popular with both birds that live here and migratory. Migratory birds use this skeleton as a resting point on major flights. Approximately 20 species arrive on the island and live here temporarily, and the same number live permanently in the reserve.

The reserve is home to such rare bird species as the white goose. Eiders, Icelandic Sandpipers, Tulesa, Glaucous Gulls, Fork-tailed Gulls, Long-tailed Skuas, White Owls also live here.

On the subject: methodological developments, presentations and notes

Project "Reserves and National Parks of Russia"

Relevance of the chosen topic. On the territory of Russia there are many natural corners that are unique in their beauty. Often we do not think about the riches that nature has given us. Striving for more comfortable ...

Topic: "Reserves, game reserves, national parks of the Chelyabinsk region" Lesson type: Excursion lesson The purpose of the lesson: To acquaint students with protected areas native land, animals and plants that are found ...

Presentation "Reserves and National Parks of Russia"

On this topic, a group of students under my leadership spoke at the scientific-practical conference "The Edge of Creativity", where it was a prize-winner among the speakers. This project was dedicated to the 100th anniversary of ...

"Barguzinsky Reserve" - ​​Total area -263,000 hectares. Birds of prey are not uncommon in the taiga. Cedar cones. There are many bears in the reserve. The average annual temperature is minus 4.4. Pine nuts are the main food for taiga animals and birds. The Barguzinsky Nature Reserve was organized in 1916. Barguzinsky sable. Quiet, sunny and frosty weather sets in in January.

"Almaty Reserve" - ​​Flora of the Altyn-Emel Park. The tongue of the glacier cracks into numerous blocks and moves rapidly downward. Kulans lived in Zaisan. The parent rocks are represented by loess loams, pebble and gypsum-bearing tertiary deposits. Reptiles are represented by 25 species. The total area of ​​the park is 459620 hectares.

"Alakol Reserve" - ​​In total, there are 33 species of mammals in the reserve. Vegetation. The people call the islands Stone. Low-carbonate serozem soils are developed in the upland parts of the Alakol depression. The Delta site belongs to south coast lake ... The foot of the hills is gravelly-pebble with loams and small saline soils.

"Caucasian Reserve" - ​​The nature of the Caucasian Reserve. Climatic conditions... The Caucasian Reserve is located in the Western Caucasus, within the Mostovsky, Maikop districts. The reserve has the largest scientific department in Russia (more than 30 employees at the end of 2001). By far the most vulnerable link in natural ecosystems is large mammals.

"Altai Reserve" - ​​Iogach. Photo: A. Lotov. Yaylu. Presentation of the project to the Public Council, September 13, 2007. Altai Biosphere Reserve (core) occupies about 10% of the territory of the Altai Republic. UNESCO World Heritage Site "Altai - Golden Mountains" (1998). Pos. Involvement of the local population.

"Reserves of Russia" - Taiga, pine forests, oak and steppe elements are noted in the flora of the reserve. Reserves. There are 3 types of reptiles and 5 species of amphibians .. Located on the Central Russian Upland in the Lipetsk region. The publication of the study of the tract caused a sensation in the scientific world. Golden eagle on Olkhon Island. A protective zone with a total area of ​​6,213 hectares has been created around the reserve.

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National parks are nature conservation, environmental education and research institutions, the territories (water areas) of which include natural complexes and objects of special ecological, historical and aesthetic value, and which are intended for use in nature conservation, educational, scientific and cultural purposes. and for regulated tourism. Land, waters, mineral resources, flora and fauna located on the territory of national parks are provided for use (possession) of national parks on the rights stipulated by laws. "In the classical sense, the national park has a functional zoning of the territory. according to the regime corresponding to the nature reserve, recreational and buffer zones, in which economic activities of varying intensity are permitted (tourism and other forms of recreation, traditional nature management, sparing agricultural and forestry activities).

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The area of ​​Yellowstone National Park is about 900,000 hectares. The park is located in Wyoming (USA). In this area, the sources of the largest rivers in North America are located: Snake, Missouri, Yellowstone, flowing from the high-mountain lake of the same name. The lake is adjacent to the Central Plateau from the south. The height of the Yellowstone Plateau ranges from 1710 m (in the north) to 3463 m (in the central part of the park). In the northern part of the park is the Blacktaildier and Mirror Plateau, in the southeast - the Two Oceans Plateau. Yellowstone is home to about 10,000 geothermal natural wonders. The Continental Divide runs along the high plateau of the Rocky Mountains. From here, rivers flow both to the east and to the west, but part of the water seeps inward. This explains the amazing natural phenomena Yellowstone. The plateau was once shaken powerful eruptions volcanoes. Thousands of years ago, one of them formed a giant crater 75 kilometers long and 45 kilometers wide. Molten rock- still "does not sleep" under the earth's crust, maintaining the heat in the Yellowstone "cauldron".

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National park Grand Canyon Colorado Canyon is a giant abyss on the high Colorado plateau in the state of Arizona in the southwestern United States. The Grand Canyon is not the deepest canyon on Earth. However, it is known for its size and stunning scenery. The park covers an area of ​​4931 sq. Km. in the middle reaches of the Colorado River. The Grand Canyon National Park is located within the Colorado Plateau in the state of Arizona in the southwestern United States. Maximum depth canyon - 1829 meters. In the area of ​​the famous village of Grand Canyon at the southern edge, its depth reaches 1524 m. To go down from the edge of the canyon to the river bank, you need to walk 11.3 km. The width of the canyon in this place (at the plateau level) reaches 16 km. The maximum width of the canyon in some places reaches 29 km. Although the conservation status of part of this territory was assigned already in 1883, the national park Grand canyon The Colorado River was only declared in 1919.

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Jasper National Park Jasper National Park is located on the eastern slopes of the Cordilleras. It unites various in structure landscapes of the highlands of the Main and Foremost ridges, as well as the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. The total area of ​​the park is 10750 sq. Km. The park is located 320 km. west of the city of Edmonton (capital of the province of Alberta) and 290 km. northwest of Calgary city. The park is one of the most visited nature conservation sites in Canada. Mount Robson and Humber Provincial Parks adjoin Jasper National Park from the west, and the park from the north wildlife Willmore, to the east the Rocky Mountains Nature Reserve and White Goat and Bighorn Protected Areas. The park was founded in 1907. In 1984, the park was declared a site of the World cultural heritage UNESCO. The park is located 320 km. west of the city of Edmonton (capital of the province of Alberta) and 290 km. northwest of Calgary city. The park is one of the most visited nature conservation sites in Canada. Jasper National Park is flanked to the west by Mount Robson and Humber Provincial Parks, Willmore Wildlife Park to the north, and the Rocky Mountains Nature Reserve and White Goat and Bighorn Protected Areas to the east. The park was founded in 1907. In 1984, the park was declared a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage Site.

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Yosemite National Park Yosemite National Park (USA, California) was created in 1890 thanks to the tireless efforts of naturalist John Muir. In 1890, the US Congress declared it a nature reserve, and already in 1864, Congress granted the status of a public park to Yosemite Valley in California. In this high season, Yosemite Park is teeming with people. The beauty of the park attracts four million visitors every year. The management of the reserve strives both to preserve the pristine nature of this region, and not to forget about the tourists. In this high season, Yosemite Park is teeming with people. The beauty of the park attracts four million visitors every year. The management of the reserve strives both to preserve the pristine nature of this region, and not to forget about the tourists.

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La Amistad International Park. La Amistad International Park is located on both sides of the Panama-Costa Rican border. The park includes two adjacent biosphere reserves. One of them is located in Costa Rica, the other is in Panama. Both reserves have the same name - La Amistad, which means "friendship" in Spanish. The total area of ​​this natural complex is more than 1 million hectares. In 1983, it was included in the UNESCO List of Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites.

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Corcovado National Park (Costa Rica) Corcovado National Park - beautiful corner nature in the south of Costa Rica. It is located on the Osa Peninsula, on the Pacific coast. The area of ​​the park is 54,000 hectares. The natural splendor of this remote, almost untouched forest in Central America, the diversity of its flora and fauna attracts the attention of people. There are at least eight ecosystems in Corcovado. The park is home to about 500 tree species, the largest of which is the cotton tree. Reaching three meters in diameter, it rises over 70 meters. Nearly 400 species of feathered inhabitants can be seen in Corcovado. The park is home to the largest population of red macaws in the country.

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Monteverde National Park (Costa Rica) In the 1960s, a group of scientists and local residents founded the Cloud Forest Reserve in Monteverde, which eventually included the watershed zone. Since then, the reserve has expanded several times, and now it covers approximately 10,500 hectares. This reserve is one of the most attractive locations in Costa Rica. Every year, about 50,000 tourists climb the steep, winding dirt road to get to Monteverde. Numerous birdwatchers and naturalists come here to observe all kinds of birds, animals and plants that have taken refuge in the reserve and surrounding areas.

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Jau National Park Jau National Park was established in 1980. It is one of the largest national parks in Brazil. Its area is 2,272,000 hectares, which is 1.42% of the entire state of the Amazon. In 2000, the park was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. In 2003, the Jau National Park was merged with several other protected areas and became part of the Central Amazonian nature reserve complex.

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Chaco National Park Chaco National Park is located in the central part of the South American continent, in the east of the Gran Chaco Plain. This name can be translated as "Big hunting field". Chaco Park was founded in 1954. The park was established by the Argentine government to protect the unique landscapes of the most elevated parts of the Eastern Chaco.

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Los Glaciares National Park Los Glaciares National Park covers an area of ​​almost 446 thousand hectares (according to some sources, 760 thousand hectares). The park is the second largest conservation area in Argentina. It is located along the Chilean border in the province of Santa Cruz south of the 50th parallel. For the first time, the territory between Lakes Viedma and Lago Argentino was taken under the protection of the Argentine state in 1937. However, this territory was declared a national park only shortly before the end of World War II in April 1945. The current boundaries of Los Glaciares National Park were not legally established until the fall of 1971. In 1981, Los Glaciares National Park was included in the List of World Natural Heritage Sites. More than 40 percent of the territory of the national park is covered eternal ice that make up the so-called South Patagonian Ice Sheet. From this shield to the west and east powerful valley glaciers diverge. In the east (in Chile), the "ends" of these glaciers descend into Pacific Ocean... In Argentina, most glacial tongues end in large lakes.

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Manu Manu National Park is one of the oldest large tropical parks in the world. Manu National Park was formed on May 29, 1973. 14 years later (in 1987), it was recognized as a UNESCO World and Natural Heritage Site, and also received the status of a biosphere reserve. Manu National Park is located in the southeast of Peru, 1400 km from the capital (Lima). The total area of ​​the reserve is 1.9 million hectares. The park is divided into three zones: the national park itself, a nature reserve and a cultural zone. The main purpose of the creation of the Manu National Park is the conservation of tropical biodiversity.

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Paracas National Park Paracas National Park. It is located about 250 kilometers south of Lima, on the Pan American Highway route. Paracas National Park covers 335,000 hectares of coastline and the Paracas Peninsula. It was founded in 1975 by the Peruvian government with the aim of preserving numerous animals, both living here and migrating annually. It fosters respect for the environment and promotes the development of tourism. It is here that more than 100 archaeological sites have been discovered - evidence of the centuries-old culture of Paracas. The coastal waters are home to sea lions, feline otters, dolphins, over 200 bird species and 4 species of sea turtles.

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Virunga National Park Virunga is one of the oldest national parks in Africa. It is located in the northeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. For 300 kilometers, the park's border coincides with the state borders of Rwanda and Uganda. The year of official birth of Virunga Park is considered to be 1929. Then it was named Albert and Kivu National Park. In 1969, a separate Virunga National Park was allocated from a single nature conservation object Albert and Kivu. Currently, the park is bordered by the lands of the Ruzvenzori National Park in Uganda and the Volcano National Park in Rwanda. The area of ​​Virunga National Park is 790 thousand hectares. The landscapes in the national park are very diverse. Here you can find grassy and woody savannas, low-growing constantly wet forests, bamboo thickets, swamps, meadows, glaciers, snowfields and widespread lava plateaus. The territory of the park stretches from north to south and consists of three different parts. Northern part includes the Rwenzori Mountains and the Semliki Valley, in the center are Lake Eduard and the Rwindi, Rutshuru and Ishash plains. The southern part is the lava plateaus of Nyamlagira and Nyragongo, as well as part of the Virunga volcanic massif.

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Air and Tenere Nature Reserve Air and Tenere Nature Reserve is located on the southern border of the Sahara Desert. Its area is 77,000 sq. Km. The reserve was founded in 1988. Immediately, about 15% of its territory was allocated for a special reserve with a strict regime of protection to protect the addax antelopes. In 1991, the reserve was included in the list of UNESCO World Natural and Cultural Heritage Sites. There are many interesting geological monuments on the Air plateau. Both the plateau and the mountain ranges are dissected by deep valleys. However, only temporary streams flow here, which come to life only for a short time after rains. The climate of the reserve is typical for Central Sahara: very hot and dry. Nowhere on the territory of the reserve more than 100 mm of precipitation falls per year.

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Serengeti National Park Serengeti National Park, located in the Great African Rift. It is included in the list of the most famous national parks in the world. Serengeti National Park is a 30,000 square kilometer low grass rolling valley in Tanzania and Kenya. They are covered with succulent grass, which grows well on fertile volcanic soil. The Serengeti is an animal paradise that delights everyone who has visited it.

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Nairobi National Park Just seven kilometers from the capital of Kenya, there is a small savannah with tall grass and rare spreading trees - Nairobi National Park, with a total area of ​​only 117 square meters. km. This park was opened earlier than many similar parks in Kenya, in 1946. This is one of the few parks in the world where you can simultaneously enjoy the beauty of almost untouched wilderness and not lose sight of the silhouette. big city... The fauna and flora of the Nairobi National Park is so diverse that you might think that you are in the heart of wild Africa, and not on the outskirts of a multi-million dollar city. In the park you can see lions, rhinos, cheetahs, antelopes, giraffes, gazelles. The Athi River also flows there, in the waters of which crocodiles and hippos are found, and in the coastal forests - birds and monkeys. There are about 400 registered in Nairobi National Park different types birds. One of the features of the park is a large number of rhinos living in it, about 50 individuals. Here, unlike other parks and reserves, you can almost always see the black rhino in its natural habitat. In the national park there is also a shelter-hospital for injured and sick animals.

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Kilimanjaro National Park Kilimanjaro National Park was founded in 1973 and now covers 756 square kilometers. km. The base of the mountain is at an altitude of 1829 m above sea level, and Kibo Peak is at an altitude of 5895 m. Kilimanjaro National Park was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1987. Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest solitary mountain in the world. Mount Kilimanjaro was formed by a series of volcanic movements. As a result volcanic activity three peaks formed - Shira, Kibo and Mawenzi.

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Fiordland National Park ( New Zealand) New Zealand is one of the most ecologically safe corners of the Earth. A third of the country's area (more than 5 million hectares) is protected areas. There are 14 national parks in New Zealand. On South Island is the largest national park in New Zealand - Fiordland. The park is located in the northwestern part of the island. The length of the park is 230 km, the total area is 1200 thousand hectares. Fiordland National Park was founded in 1952. It is currently included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

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Vanoise National Park The Vanoise National Park is the first national park in France. It was founded in 1963. The reason for the creation of the park was the threat of the complete extermination of stone goats in this area. Definitely, Vanoise can be called the main national park in France. Vanoise National Park is located south of the Mont Blanc mountain range and stretches along mountain range Alps in the Savoy region. This is a relatively small park. The park is divided into two zones: the central one has a length of 528 sq. Km. and the peripheral zone - 1450 sq. km. The peripheral zone is the area that surrounds the central; it was created to protect wildlife in the central zone in order to preserve it in its original form. The peripheral zone allows for more restriction of human access to these beautiful wild lands. For 14 kilometers, the Vanoise National Park is bordered by the Italian Gran Paradiso National Park. Both parks make up the largest protected area in Western Europe.

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Coto de Doñana National Park Spain's legendary 50,000 hectare Doñana National Park serves as a spring bird airport that welcomes hundreds of thousands of birds flying from Africa to Europe and stopping in these wet, wooded areas to nest and breed ...

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Thingvellir National Park Thingvellir National Park was established by decree of the Icelandic Parliament in 1928. This is the very first protected area in Iceland. It is also one of the oldest national parks in Europe. During the twentieth century, the territory of the park has repeatedly expanded. Last time the boundaries of the national park were changed in 2004.

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National park Bialowieza Forest The National Park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha" is located on the territory of the Kamenets and Pruzhany districts of the Brest region and the Svisloch district of the Grodno region. The administrative center of the national park is located in the village of Kamenyuki, Kamenets district. The State National Park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha", located on the territory of the Republic of Belarus, is a single natural complex with the Bialowieza National Park of the Republic of Poland. The area of ​​the national park is 87 363 hectares from the Belarusian side; with Polish - 10 501 ha. Belovezhskaya Pushcha is the only large massif of high-aged forests of the Western European type preserved in its natural state in Europe with elements of western, northern and southern flora. Animal world National Park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha" is rich and diverse. Its territory is home to 59 species of mammals (including 6 protected ones), 253 species of birds, 11 species of amphibians, 7 species of reptiles, 24 species of fish and more than 11,000 species of invertebrates.

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Paanajärvi National Park The Paanajärvi National Park is located in the north-west of the Republic of Karelia, in its most elevated part. The Paanajärvi National Park was established on May 20, 1992 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 331. The area of ​​the national park is 104,473 hectares. Vegetable world- the main attraction of the park. Its originality is determined by three factors - the low-mountainous nature of the relief, the presence of carbonate rocks (dolomites) favorable for the growth of many calciphilic plants, and, finally, the presence of large natural massifs untouched by man. In the area of ​​the national park, 217 species of vertebrates are registered: 36 species of mammals, 160 species of birds, 3 species of amphibians and reptiles, 17 species of fish and 1 species of cyclostomes. The pearl of the park is Lake Paanajärvi, characterized by its small size (1.5 x 24 km) and exceptional depth (128 m). There are many rapids on the rivers, there are significant waterfalls. The reservoirs abound in valuable species of fish.

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Barguzinsky Reserve The Barguzinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve is one of the oldest reserves in Russia, established by a decree of the Irkutsk Governor-General of May 17, 1916, and at the beginning of 1917, the creation of the reserve was formalized by a government decree. The main reason for the creation of the reserve was the catastrophic decline in fur and, in particular, sable hunting. To save the sable from complete destruction and organize reserves, expeditions to Baikal, Kamchatka and Sayany were organized. Based on the survey results, among others (Sayansky and others), the Barguzinsky reserve was designed. Conventions In 1986, the Barguzinsky reserve received the status of a biosphere. In 1996, the Barguzinsky Reserve, along with other Baikal PAs, was included in the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage List (Lake Baikal nomination).

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Sagarmatha Sagarmatha is an outstanding natural landscape, including highlands, glaciers and deep gorges, dominated by highest peak world - Mount Everest (8848 m). The park is home to several rare species of animals, including the snow leopard and the red panda. The unique culture of the local population - the Sherpas - also draws attention to this area.

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Komodo National Park Komodo National Park is located in the center of the Indonesian archipelago, between the islands of Sumbawa and Flores. The national park's holdings contain 603 square kilometers of land and 1,214 square kilometers of turquoise sea waters. The park includes three main islands: Komodo, Rinka and Padar, as well as many small islands with a total area of ​​1,817 kilometers, which are also part of the Lesser Sunda Islands group. This national park features several beautiful exotic islands combined with rich coastal and marine wildlife. Its uniquely wide biodiversity has made it the most popular park in Indonesia.

Reserves of Russia

Information about several reserves in Russia.

• Tell your classmates about Russian reserves and show photographs.

• Nowadays, few people understand the importance of reserves and no one has ever thought about the fact that some species of animals can become extinct forever.

• The Barguzin reserve is a nature reserve in Buryatia, located on the western slopes, at an altitude of 2840 m of the Barguzin ridge, includes the northeastern coast of Lake Baikal and part of the water area of ​​the lake itself. The reserve (and the ridge) are named after the Barguzin River. The Barguzinsky Reserve is the oldest reserve in Russia.

• The area of ​​the reserve is 374 322 hectares, including 15 000 hectares of the protected water area.

• Elk, musk deer, white hare, brown bear, shrew, black-capped marmot, hazel grouse live in the Barguzinsky reserve - there are 41 species of mammals in total. In the waters of the reserve there are omul, whitefish, sturgeon, grayling, taimen, lenok and other fish species.

• It was founded in 1992 on the basis of the Dzherginsky State Complex Reserve, which has existed since 1974. State nature reserve Dzherginsky is located in the Kurumkansky district of the Republic of Buryatia. The reserve is located in the northeastern Baikal region at the junction of three large mountain ranges- Barguzinsky, Ikatsky and Yuzhno-Muisky ridges.

• Dzherginsky Reserve "is a state natural reserve.

• The area of ​​the reserve is 238.088 thousand hectares, of which the area occupied by water is 0.894 thousand hectares. A 2 km wide protection zone with a total area of ​​about 7.5 million hectares has been created around the reserve.

• Currently, 201 species of vertebrates are recorded on the territory of the reserve: 6 species of fish, 3 amphibians, 4 reptiles, 145 birds, 43 mammals. The reserve is home to elk, musk deer, red deer, wild boar, Siberian roe deer, rarely - reindeer ...

• Larch forests prevail in the forest belt. On this moment more than 650 species of vascular plants have been identified in the reserve. On the territory of the reserve, 29 species of rare and endemic plants have been identified.

• The Baikal State Natural Biosphere Reserve was established by the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR dated September 26, 1969 No. 571 on the basis of the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Buryat ASSR dated December 31, 1968, No. 461.

• Area - 165,724 hectares, taking into account the changes introduced by the order of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR dated June 20, 1973 No. 366-r.

• There are 49 species of mammals, 251 species are birds, amphibians and reptiles - 6, fish - 12.

• 787 plant species grow in the reserve, about 70% of the territory of the reserve is occupied by forests. The general list of rare, endemic and relict plants of the reserve is about 40 species.

• 1) From the lessons of geography and biology.
• 2) From the Internet.
• 3) From the book "Reserves of Russia"

The main goal of creating national parks and reserves is to protect living organisms balancing on the brink of extinction.

RESERVES

Reserves are areas of territories or water areas permanently withdrawn from economic use, in which they are preserved in natural

Great Arctic Reserve

Animal world

Vegetable world

Birds

BARGUZIN RESERVE

Animal world

ASTRAKHAN RESERVE

Animal world

Vegetable world

Birds

USSURI RESERVE

Animal world

Vegetable world

NATIONAL PARKS OF THE WORLD

Africa Kruger National Park.

Animal world

North America. Yellowstone National Park.

Animal world

If the reserve serves as a natural standard for obtaining scientific information, then the national park is a standard for cognitive information about