Natural uniques Far East. Teacher : Let's listen to the messages of your classmates about the natural uniqueness of the Far East Valley of Geysers. Eastern Kamchatka is the only region in Russia with periodically gushing geysers. there are numerous geysers. The Valley of Geysers is the biggest attraction of Kamchatka. For the first time, geysers were discovered by G. I. Ustinova, an employee of the Kronotsky Reserve, in 1941, penetrating to the river, which later received the name Geysernaya (a tributary of the Shumnaya River). Here, in a deep canyon-like gorge, there are several groups of geysers. Among them are "Firstborn", "Giant", "Triple", "Fountain", "Pearl-foreign", "Double" and others - a total of 20 geysers, 10 large pulsating sources and more than 300 small, boiling and free pouring out. The largest geyser "Giant" acts in a very original way. Its eruption does not last long - two minutes, but thick steam continues to rise for another 10-15 minutes, clouding the adjacent parts of the valley. Grand fir grove(Kamchatka) on east coast Kamchatka is part of the Kronotsky Reserve. These are unusually slender and beautiful trees, their height reaches 13 m, the diameter of the trunk is 20-25 cm, the needles contain essential oils and smell pleasant. Botanists attribute grandiose fir to ancient (pre-glacial) vegetation. Lake Khanka- the largest in the Far East. Located at an altitude of 69 m above sea level. Its length is up to 95 km, its width is up to 65 km, and its area is more than 4 thousand square meters. km, average depth about 4 m. 13 rivers flow into it. The lake is rich in fish. A relict lotus plant grows on the lake, a giant water lily, the leaves of which reach 2 m in diameter, and a water chestnut. Lazovsky (Sudzukhinsky) reserve (area 116.5 thousand hectares) on the coast of the Sea of Japan, in the cedar-broad-leaved forests of which tigers, lynxes, sables, bears, wild boars, spotted deer and red deer, pheasants and hazel grouses live. A part of the reserve is also a small (about 30 ha) Petrov Island, located 1 km from the shore of Xiaohe Bay. Petrov Island is an archeological and natural landmark of Primorye. It was inhabited several centuries ago. In the relic yew grove, some trees reach 200-300 years. IV. Fixing new material- mark on contour map geographic features- what are the main factors underlying the zoning of the Far East - what type of climate is typical for the region - Compare the natural complexes of the northern and southern parts of the Far East, indicate their significant differences. 3. Describe the natural complexes of Kamchatka. - What is the main difference between the natural complexes of the island parts of the Far East and the mainland? VI. Homework instruction Paragraph 42, start filling out the table, prepare contour maps Topic: Population and economic development of the Far East Lesson Objectives: 1. To study the population and the specialization of the economy of the economic region. To show the influence of the characteristics of the EGP on the development of the economy of the Far East.2. Improve the ability to work according to a standard plan, analyze statistical data, atlas maps. Students should know: 1. EGP of the Far East.2. Population and specialization of the economy of the district. 3. Lack of labor resources . Students should be able to: 1. Perform practical tasks on the contour map.2. Be able to analyze statistics data, atlas maps. 3. Show objects of the nomenclature. Type of lesson: Practicum with lecture elements.Lesson equipment: Physical and economic maps of the Far East. Map of distribution and population density of the Far East. Statistical table "Territory and population of subjects of the Russian Federation". Tasks for practical work.
During the classes.
| 1. Org. moment.2. FNZ.2.1. Population of the Far East.2.2. Work with thematic maps of the atlas.2.3. Group work.2.4. Compilation of the table by students.3.Practicalwork: “Identification of the features and problems of the development of the Far East.4. Summing up the lesson.5. Homework. | Communication of the goals and objectives of the lesson. For a long time, the area remained sparsely populated. During the years of Soviet power, the population has grown 8 times, but, despite this, there is a constant need for labor resources. The intensity of migration is the highest in the country. At present, the outflow of the population from the north is characteristic. The urban population predominates. Using the political-administrative and religious composition of the population of Russia, name the peoples and language families living in the Far East. Using the map of location and population density, name and show the largest and largest cities in the Far East. Give a description of the population density of the Far East. Specialization of the economy. The economic specialization of the region is the mining production of non-ferrous metallurgy, timber, fish processing industry. According to natural and economic conditions, the following zones are distinguished: 1. In the south, the fertile plains of the Amur Region, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories are populated. The monsoonal climate is good conditions for Agriculture and people's lives. Industry, population and main cities are concentrated along the Trans-Siberian Railway. South Yakutsk (coal, electric power, metallurgy) and Amur (Komsomolsk-on-Amur - centers of engineering) are being formed. Magadan region and the Republic of Sakha, the harsh conditions of the north hinder the economic development of the territory. The main transport axes - r. Lena, Northern Sea Route. On the Pacific coast, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, the Kuriles, economic development is constrained by the poor development of the social sphere and transport. Prospects for development: 1. Creation of technopolises; 2. In the south, develop the fuel industry, electric power, engineering, defense industry. Parts of the region (north, south, east). 2. Specialization (for each region). 3. Factors stimulating the development of this production (fertile lands, monsoon climate, unfavorable natural conditions, access to the ocean). 1. Features of EGP.2. Economic development of the region.3. Problems of the Far East and ways to solve them.4. Economic relations of the Far East, contributing to its development.1. How does the EGP of the Far East influence the development of the economy of the region?2. Describe the structure of the economy of the Far East. What industries can be called industries of specialization?3. The Far East is a territory with a free economic zone in the Nakhodka region. What do you think caused the creation of a free economic zone here?4. According to Figure 88 (p. 327 of the textbook), analyze the process of interaction between the Far East and other economic regions of Russia.5. Analyze the main statistical indicators of the economy of the Far East.1. § 63.2. Finish practical work: "Identification of the features and problems of the development of the Far East."3. Learn geographical nomenclature on the topic "Far East". |
During the classes
- Organizing time.
- Repetition and knowledge testing
- Almost the entire territory of the Far East belongs to the area of Cenozoic folding. Earthquakes and seaquakes are frequent in the area. The main rainfall in the south of the Far East falls in winter. The Far Eastern rivers are predominantly flat. Amur is the largest waterway in the Far East. The largest lake in the region is Khanka. vegetable and animal world The Far East is poorer. Than Siberia and the European part of Russia. Volcano Klyuchevskaya Sopka is located on about. Sakhalin. Primorye has a monsoonal climate. The Ussuri tiger lives in the taiga of the Far East. The shores of the Far East are washed by 3 seas. Whales and seals are found in the Chukchi Sea.
The motto of the lesson: “Who, if not us?
When, if not now?
Teaching and educational goals: 1. Formation of independent activity of students in groups in assessing the natural resource potential and specialization of the economic region. 2. Be able to analyze cause-and-effect relationships. 3. Work on general educational skills: generalize and compare, listen, be able to answer questions on the merits. 4. Form key competencies. Equipment: Physical and political-administrative map of the Far East, landscapes of the Far East. Methods and forms of educational activity: Using the interactive method. Collective work in groups in discussing the questions posed by the teacher using "Brainstorming". Work organization: 1. Creation of four groups and appointment of commanders. 2. Give an advanced assignment on the topic: The economy of the Far East (grade 9), the Far East - the land of contrasts (grade 8). 3. Development of working conditions for groups. 4. Organization of the design of the class and workplaces by groups. All the necessary material prepared for the lesson (textbooks, atlas, messages, statistics) is on the study tables. During the classes: The teacher names the topic of the lesson and its objectives. Represents group leaders. Motivational-target block: "Guys! Today we have the beginning of May, and we will pass the last economic region of our country. Behind ten studied economic regions. When studying them, we noted that Russia is a huge country with a variety of natural conditions and resources, living conditions for people, and a history of development. Each territory specializes in the production of several types of products and services, which provides other regions of the country. The Far East is no exception. This is the land of contrasts and natural uniqueness. During the lesson, we will make sure once again that our Motherland is beautiful. And the people living on this earth contribute to the prosperity of Russia with their work.” The teacher comes to the blackboard and reads the motto of the lesson: “Who, if not us? When, if not now? First question for commanders: How do you understand this motto in relation to the Far East? The commanders discuss the motto of the lesson and take turns expressing their opinions. At the end of the discussion, the teacher makes a conclusion. Output : The Far East is Russian, although there are territorial claims from the "sea neighbor". This is a huge territory, remote from the main economic regions of the West. Together with its problems, the Far East is of great importance in the country's economy. There is a rapid development of the countries of the Pacific region and, in order to keep up, large financial, scientific, labor "infusions" are needed in this economic region. The support of all economic regions of the country is necessary. Already today, people living in this region should feel the changes, which means that it is necessary to develop promising directions for the development of the region. Second question: What is the uniqueness of natural conditions and resources and their impact on the economy of the Far East? Questions by groups: First group. Climatic conditions and their impact on the economy of the region. Second group. Mineral resources and the possibility of their use in the economy. Third group. Water resources and their use in the economy. Fourth group. Biological resources and their impact on the farm. Groups discuss the issue (5-7 minutes) using the necessary literature and maps. The teacher guides and supports the students. First group: The coastal position of the Far East determined the peculiarities of the climate. The climate is harsh in the north. The lowest temperatures in the northern hemisphere have been recorded here. In the south, a monsoon climate with moderate temperatures is expressed, which determines the development of agriculture (soybeans, rice, corn, vegetables). The abundance of moisture in summer time contributes to the development of a powerful vegetation cover (Ussuri taiga). The south of Primorye, in terms of its climatic conditions, is not inferior to the resorts of the Caucasus and Crimea and is used for tourism and the organization of the resort economy (Russian Artek). Second group: In the economy of specialization, an important place is occupied by rich and diverse mineral resources. The richest deposits of non-ferrous ores (tin, lead, zinc, mercury) and rare metals (diamonds, gold), polymetals are distinguished, which determine the specialization of this region. Gas, oil and coal are produced on Sakhalin Island. They are already working for the Russian economy, but most of the deposits are poorly explored and are in difficult natural conditions and lack of transport. (The student works with a map, shows deposits of mineral resources). Third group: The Far East has a fairly dense river system and has great potential for hydroelectric power plants (the Zeya, Bureya, Amur rivers) and river transport. (Students analyze Figure 43 § 23 and table 3 of the appendix of V.P. Dronov's textbook. Students make reports about the Belibino NPP, about hydrothermal sources, and sum up that the electric power industry stands out in the specialization of the Far East.) Fourth group: In the specialization of the Far East, marine fishing with valuable species of fish and marine animals is important. The fish catch here is 70% of the all-Russian. 31% of Russia's timber is concentrated here. The Ussuri taiga is rich in medicinal plants (lemongrass, ginseng) and animals (more than 30 species of fur-bearing animals). The teacher sums up the results of the second round. Opens the second half of the board and, together with the groups, writes down the specialization of the Far East: 1. Fish (food) 2. Forest3. Non-ferrous metallurgy4. Power industry5. Maritime transport Students write down the specialization of the Far East in a notebook. Third question. What are the main problems of the Far East? What are the ways to solve them? (Groups discuss the question for 3-4 minutes and answer in turn.) 1. Remoteness of the Far East from the Center.2. Undeveloped, uninhabited North.3. Dangerous natural phenomena.4. Poaching and plunder of national wealth.5. The outflow of the population from the region. Solutions.1. Comprehensive development of the economy.2. Creation of socio-economic conditions.3. Cooperation with the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.4. More efficient use of SEZs.5. Development of transport networks and reduction in the cost of travel from Moscow to Vladivostok. Fourth question. "Brainstorming" 1. Why the Far East has a more powerful navy than the Black Sea and Northern Fleet.2. What is pantocrine?3. What new administrative-territorial formations have occurred in the Far East?4. What are kimberlite pipes?5. Which sea has the largest tides in Russia? The teacher sums up and announces the grades to the groups. Thank you guys for your cooperation. Homework : §63 repeat. Task: draw an "image of the district". Using conventional icons, depict the main differences of the Far East in the form of a coat of arms, diagram, drawing. Orally be able to analyze your drawing. Russia in modern world 4 hours 66 Russia and the CIS countries (study of one or a group of states) 67 Relations between Russia and other countries.Problems of Russia's inclusion in world processes. The place and role of Russia in the world economy
After the collapse of the USSR, Russia found itself far removed deep into the mainland - to the northeast. As a result most of railways and highways, pipelines, air routes pass through the territory of foreign states, which significantly worsens the economic situation for Russia. Given the fact that 70% of the territory of the Russian Federation is located in areas with harsh climatic conditions, and only 35% of Russian agricultural land receives enough solar heat for the ripening of grain crops, a rather weak supply of the country with food was revealed due to a sharp decrease in yields and gross grain harvest. Russia inherited 60% of the economic potential of the USSR. However, as a result of the subsequent long-term underfunding, the most important part of it: the main production assets (especially their active part - machinery and equipment) wore out. As a result, by the second half of the 1990s, about 70% of fixed assets had a service life of 20 or more years, i.e. need immediate replacement. the Russian Federation inherited approximately 70% of the foreign economic relations of the USSR. However, it should be noted that their further development did not follow. The way out of the current situation in the new conditions for Russia can be the development of world economic relations and integration into the world economy. The place and role of any country in the world economy, the international division of labor and the internationalization of economic life depend on many factors. However, the main ones are: the level and dynamics of the development of the national economy, the degree of its openness and involvement in MRI, the progressiveness and development of foreign economic relations (FER), the ability of the national economy to adapt to the conditions of international economic life and at the same time influence them in the desired direction ( interaction with international financial-credit and economic organizations), the presence of transnational corporations. The experience of Western European integration and some other successfully developing economic groupings suggests that the basis of this process is formed at the micro level, in the form of mutually beneficial cooperation between specific companies, banks, financial and industrial groups, their joint investment projects, the creation of mixed enterprises, etc. With many points of view regarding the ways of including Russia in the world integration processes, it is undoubted that the successful solution of this problem will ultimately depend, firstly, on the improvement of the country's economy on the path of its structural restructuring and transition to market economic conditions, and secondly , from the creation of effective legislative, organizational, material and technical prerequisites for this. With regard to economic recovery and structural adjustment, this requires effort, time and resources. Much less effort is required to create the necessary legislative framework and favorable conditions for Russia's direct involvement in international integration processes. As the analysis of the problems of integration into the world economy of other countries shows, the main condition for creating a viable economy in transition is its openness. In an open economy, world market prices directly or indirectly determine the prices of domestic products and do so much more efficiently than any government agency. This condition is necessary for the Russian economy, since in this case Russian producers will have one legal way to prosperity - improving the quality and competitiveness of products, expanding their production while reducing costs. Naturally, the transition to an open economy is a purposeful process, carried out in stages in such a way that external competition does not turn from a factor of creation into a factor of destruction of the Russian economy. An important advantage of an open economy is its importance in the fight against monopoly. Noting the role of the world market as a powerful means of combating monopoly and solving the problem of the effective functioning of the national economy in the transition period, it is necessary to proceed from the fact that a country's economy should be made open only on condition of economic evaluation and economic protection of its resources. Only in this case it is possible to avoid the risks of negative manifestations in the economy under the influence of its openness and obtain positive results from the impact of the world economy and the world market on the Russian economy in these conditions. Practice shows that at present, primarily due to geographical reasons, the need for a larger-scale participation of Russia in solving global problems of mankind (the development of the World Ocean, the problem of the environment, regulation of the world economy, etc.) becomes urgent. In this case, the approach of Russia from a global position to participation in world affairs should become a major part of the national interest. However, the active participation of Russia, like any other country, in solving global problems through national interest requires full-fledged participation in the work of international multilateral structures, which include financial and credit, economic, specialized and regional UN organizations, for example, the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank (WB), regional economic commissions.Answers (2)
A fascinating lesson-journey through the Far East of Russia will be made by students within 45 minutes. A bright presentation about the nature of the region, a mini-performance, a fascinating story of student guides will help the children get acquainted with the natural complexes and unique places of this region of Russia.
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lesson of the teacher of geography MBOU "Secondary school No. 15 of Zelenodolsk RT" Garipova Jamila Nailevna on the topic " Natural complexes and the unique ones of the Far East”.
Tasks:
educational- to consider the features and main features of the nature of the Far East, to expand and deepen students' knowledge about the unique nature of the region;
developing - to form skills and abilities to work with additional literature, Internet resources; to intensify the cognitive activity of students, interdisciplinary connections;
educational - patriotic education, environmental education.
Methods: explanatory and illustrative, partially exploratory, comparative, problematic.
Equipment: presentations, physical map of Russia, atlases, student reports.
Lesson form: travel lesson.
Lesson type: combined.
During the classes:
- Organizing time.
- front poll.
We continue to get acquainted with the Far East. What do we know about him?
Questions:
- How many kilometers does the Far East stretch from north to south?
- What oceans is it washed by?
- Which of them has the greatest impact on the nature of the region?
- The relief of the region is dominated by _____
- Why?
- What folded areas are represented in the east of the country.
- What processes are typical for areas of Cenozoic folding?
- What natural phenomenon is associated with them?
- In what climate zones is the region located?
- Most of it?
- Name the rivers, lakes of the Far East.
- Why do most of the rivers in this region have high water in the warm part of the year?
3. Study of new material.
The theme of the lesson is "Natural complexes, the unique ones of the Far East."
State its purpose.
The purpose of the lesson: get acquainted with the peculiarities of the nature of large PCs of the Far East, with its unique ones.
The nature of the Far East is extraordinary. There are many things in this region that are not found anywhere else in Russia. Where else can you see a spruce entwined with grapes, a blue magpie or a black squirrel? Where else do birches grow: white, black, yellow, stone? Where else do tigers roam the snow? Where can you see bears wintering in hollow trees? Only here you can see bear fishing. Admire the fire-breathing volcano, look deep into the Earth.
Today we will go on a trip to the Far East. Your classmates will be guides. The task of the class is to listen carefully, find objects on the map, make brief notes, and be ready for questions from our guides.
Where would you like to visit?
Let's start our journey with Chukotka.
Locals joke: "It's winter here for 12 months, and the rest of the year is summer."
Slideshow.
Two students act out the story of Vasily Sadkovsky "Chukotka".
“A long time ago, when I was just getting used to life in Anadyr, the old-timers reassured me: “We still have nothing, we have summer like in Sochi - it’s warm, and the mosquito doesn’t bite much. Here on Cape Schmidt - yes, there is horror that's going on ... It also brought me to Cape Schmidt, I had seen enough of boys flying off the roofs of two-story buildings on sleds - such snowdrifts were swept. But the northerners were cheerful: “Okay, this is normal for us. Not like in Pevek. There, imagine, the stones are flying! And for sure, in Pevek there are so powerful winds - "southerners" that small pebbles, like bullets, whistle through the streets. “Yes, well, what a sight! And we all wear motorcycle glasses, - Pevek residents showed me a set of rocker glasses for the whole family. "You won't poke your eye out for anything!" Here on the island of Aion!
I visited the island of Aion, and we were sitting, dangling our legs from a cliff to the Arctic Ocean, with one of its few inhabitants. “It’s like we live on a weather vane,” he said joyfully. The main thing is that the winds move horizontally. Nothing life! And here…".
Question for students:
How can one explain the snowdrifts from a two-story house on Cape Schmidt? (The passage of cyclones along the Arctic front).
Kamchatka.
Reading historical background in the textbook by I.I. Barinova, p.232.
Story about Kamchatka, slide show.
Features of the FGP of Kamchatka, relief.
P.33-34 - Behind the pages of a geography textbook.
Guys, I can't get past this birch. Here it is called stone. This birch is the most ancient of all birches in the world. She appeared in the pre-Quaternary time. Maybe that's why, or maybe because of the constant furious winds from the Pacific Ocean, most of its trunks are twisted, as if hunched over from old age. And wood - you can’t cut it with an ax, it’s really stone. A stone birch lives, like an oak, up to 500 or even more years, while an ordinary birch cannot withstand 200 years.
Questions for students:
Who discovered Kamchatka?
What volcanoes did you meet?
Name the highest one.
Name the geysers of Kamchatka.
“Volcanoes Tyatya, Ivan the Terrible, Curly, Nemo, Trident, Kolokol, islands with names and nameless - the Kuril seamounts with peaks on the surface stretch for more than a thousand kilometers. The depths in these places are such that if the ocean were dried up, climbers would have to storm peaks higher than Chomolungma.
By sea, even with small stops, you cannot travel around the Kuril Islands even in six months. fogs. Typhoons. Rough current in the straits between the islands. Treacherous pitfalls, marked on the maps with the word "traps". All this forces the captains to be prudent.”
Vasily Peskov "Journey with the New Moon".
Waterfall Ilya Muromets.
Questions for students:
What is the origin of the Kuriles?
Name the most major islands this ridge.
What is the height of the highest waterfall in Russia - Ilya Muromets?
Sakhalin island.
Guys, what do you know about Sakhalin Island? (The largest island off the coast of Russia, mainland in origin).
Page 232 textbooks, reading brief information about the island.
Sakhalin is unique not only for its impressive size, its nature is no less unique.
“Sakhalin, as it were, set itself the goal of compressing three belts, to combine the subarctic, temperate taiga zone and subtropics, bypassing the steppes due to its excessive dampness. On Sakhalin, it costs nothing to meet larch and elfin cedar, generated by the most severe living conditions; near bamboo and creepers of wild grapes, blooming magnolia.
“For anyone who has never been to Sakhalin, it is probably difficult to imagine that under the burdock of a mantle, almost 1.5 meters in diameter, two people can hide from the rain under an umbrella. Grass, for example, Sakhalin buckwheat or butterbur 3 meters high, cannot be placed in an ordinary herbarium. Rarely did anyone pick blueberries at the height of their chest. The umbrella plant, the bear root, generally stretches out to more than four meters with a trunk, like a subarctic larch. ”(p. 145)
The history of the island is interesting. (p. 146)
The stories "Island-Fish" and "A Bit of History" from Yu.P. Pimurzin's book "Living Geography".
Questions for students:
Name the most high point islands (Mount Lopatina). Define her absolute altitude and geographic coordinates.
What natural zones are represented on Sakhalin? (tundra, taiga, subtropics).
Ussuri taiga.
The Tatar Strait separates the island from Primorye, this is the name of the territory of the Far East in its southern part.
Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky made his first trip to the Ussuri region.
“When I saw this for the first time, I vividly imagined a picture of a rainforest, ... tall trees, a striking view of spruce, entwined with grapes, cork tree and walnut, next to cedar and fir.”
A story about the Ussuri taiga, slide show.
Lotus story.(magazine "Geography at school" No. 3 2003)
In the Khingan Reserve, located in the Amur Region, the Komarov lotus lives. This is a perennial aquatic plant with a powerful rhizome (up to 2 meters), floating thyroid leaves up to 50 cm in diameter. Lotus flowers are large (up to 25 cm in diameter). The plant is listed in the Red Book.
Lotus is a tropical plant that is a relic of the Tertiary era. The great vitality of this relic is striking! In 1933, in the famous botanical garden Kew, near London, bloomed lotus plants grown from seeds that were 400 years old. In 1961, in Japan, at a depth of 6 meters, a human site was found, where three lotus nuts were found. In the Tokyo Botanical Gardens, they germinated and the plants bloomed, although the seeds had lain in the ground for 5,000 years.
Questions for students:
From the stories of our guides you have seen how unique and beautiful the nature of the Far East is. How can you explain its uniqueness?
Answers:
- Huge stretch from north to south;
- Weak manifestation of glacial activity in the Quaternary;
- Permanent territorial unity with the rest of Asia and the past connection of Asia with America in the area of the Bering Strait.
Ecological situation in the region.
Nature itself makes its own adjustments in changing the appearance of the region. We saw this on the example of the Valley of Geysers in Kamchatka. But even greater, sometimes irreparable interference in nature is exerted by human activity.
What is it?
- Mining;
- Deforestation (and this is someone's house);
- Fishing (sometimes predatory);
- Hunting for land and sea animals;
- Industrial production;
- Radioactive contamination of the Sea of Japan.
What are the implications of this intervention?
- Subsoil depletion;
- Reduction of forest areas, habitats of animals;
- Depletion of fish resources;
- Disappearance of animals, violation of biosystems;
- Pollution of water, air, soil, etc.
What ways of solving the problems that have arisen can you suggest?
Creation of reserves, national parks;
Use of modern treatment facilities;
High fines for environmental pollution, poaching;
4. Summing up the work in the lesson.
Grading.
5. Homework:
1. prepare a report on any nature reserve in the region;
or
2. Unusual names can be found on the map of the Far East geographical objects, for example,
bay and peninsula of Patience on about. Sakhalin;
the Strait of Hope on the Kuriles;
Some objects have names, for example,
Peter the Great Bay in Primorye, the Nevelskoy Strait between Sakhalin Island and the mainland, etc.
Continue the list. Perhaps someone will prepare a report on the brave pioneers, whose names are geographical objects on the map of the Far East.
The article talks about the unique natural objects that are located in this area. Contains information about the relief, flora and fauna of the region. Gives detailed physical and geographical characteristics of the most remote but richest region of Russia.
Russian Far East
The Far East is usually called the territory of Russia, which is located off the Pacific coast. Its area is 6215.9 thousand km. sq.
If the Far East is understood as the Far Eastern Federal District, then its capital is Khabarovsk, and the capital of the Primorsky Territory is Vladivostok. This question is often confusing.
This territory includes located directly in pacific ocean natural area, which belongs to the Kuril archipelago.
Rice. 1. Far East on the map.
The territory consists of the following parts:
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- mainland;
- peninsular;
- island.
In addition to the Kuril Islands, the territory includes the Kamchatka Peninsula, Sakhalin Island, the Commander Islands and other single islands that are located at the eastern borders of Russia.
In Kamchatka there is one of the remarkable uniqueness of the Far East - the Valley of Geysers.
Rice. 2. Valley of Geysers.
This is the only region in Russia with periodically spouting geysers.
Maritime communications are developed here and therefore many ports are located on the territory of the Far East.
However, the presence of a large number of ports also creates problems that are associated with illegal fishing.
The length of the region from northeast to southwest is quite large and is equal to 4.5 thousand kilometers.
The northern regions of the territories are located beyond the Arctic Circle, and there is almost always snow here.
Almost all the seas washing the coast are not completely cleared of ice even in summer.
The lands of this region are in the power of permafrost. Here, for the most part, tundra reigns.
Conditions are slightly milder in the southern part of the region.
The close proximity to the Pacific Ocean has a strong influence on the climate of the Far East.
The region is localized at the junction of two massive lithospheric plates. The southern Far East region is characterized by the predominance of low and medium-altitude mountain ranges.
Only 1/4 of the territory of the Far East is covered by plains.
Natural resources
TO geographical features include, first of all, the unique economic and geographical position of the territory. They are characterized by alienation from the main and most populated areas of the country.
The next factor is natural potential. The Far East is ranked among the richest regions of Russia.
It is mined here:
- diamonds - 98%;
- tin - 80%;
- boron raw materials - 90%;
- gold - 50%.
The location of the Far East on the border of the majestic mainland and the largest ocean of the globe had a significant impact on the features of the natural territorial complexes of the region, as well as on their location.
Among the environmental problems of the region, in addition to the anthropogenic factor, is the problem of wastewater.
The inland waters of the Far East are extremely affected by this - the region is recognized as the fish treasury of Russia. And this is not surprising, since it is enough to imagine what seas the territory of the Far East is washed by. The list is quite impressive:
- Laptevih sea;
- East-Siberian Sea;
- Chukchi Sea;
- Bering Sea;
- Sea of Okhotsk;
- Japanese Sea.
The landscape of the area began its formation in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic era. Then folded zones and intermontane depressions appeared.
The highest sections of the mountains in the old days were dominated by glaciers. This is evidenced by the preserved small relief-forming forms.
The highest height of the Kuril Mountains - 2339 m. - Alaid volcano.
Rice. 3. Volcano Alaid.
Powerful (up to 10 points) earthquakes often occur here. They are also the cause of the tsunami.
The Far Eastern nature reserves are one of the largest in Russia. Nature in these parts is quite harsh. This is explained by mainland in the north and northeast it is adjacent to the waters of the Arctic basin.
In the tundra, you can often meet arctic fox, polar bear or reindeer. Squirrels, lynxes, wolverines and brown bears are common in the taiga. In the warm period, the tundra is flooded a large number of migratory birds. In the taiga, birds are represented by hazel grouse, wood grouse, woodpeckers, nuthatches and blackbirds. IN highlands of animals, snow leopards and musk deer mainly live.
What have we learned?
We found out what features and specific features the territory has. Learned what environmental problems are the most relevant. We found out which seas wash the shores of the Far East region.
Topic quiz
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STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
OF THE SAMARA REGION SECONDARY EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL No. 8 "Educational Center" of the city of Novokuibyshevsk, Novokuibyshevsk urban district, Samara region
Geography lesson in grade 8 on the topic:
«Natural complexes of the Far East. Natural uniques»
geography teacher of the first category
GBOU secondary school No. 8 "OTs", Novokuibyshevsk
2014
Lesson type: combined.
Goals and objectives
To form an idea of the diversity of the PC region.
Continue to form the ability to independently draw up a PC characteristic.
To form geographical images of the natural uniqueness of the Far East.
Means of education: maps of the Far East, natural areas Russia, video film, computer, media projector.
Methods and forms of education: teacher's mini-lecture about the diversity of the region's PC; characteristics of individual PCs by students.
Main content. Severe climatic conditions in the north of the region. The Chukchi Plateau is a combination of plain and mountain tundra with a mountain arctic desert. Kamchatka is a country of volcanoes and geysers. Volcanology is the science of volcanism. The largest island of Russia - Sakhalin - is the realm of coniferous-deciduous forests. Primorye is an area of pronounced monsoonal climate. Natural uniques of the Far East.
Nomenclature. Khabarovsk, La Perouse Strait, Shelikhov Bay, Long Strait, Bering Strait, Chersky Ridge, Wrangel Island.
Lesson plan
Lesson stage | Content (goal) of the stage | Time (min.) | |
Orgmoment | Checking readiness for the lesson | ||
Geographic dictation | Check the assimilation of definitions and nomenclature on the topic: "nature of the Far East" | ||
Learning new material | To form an idea of the diversity of PTK in the region. To form geographical images of the natural uniqueness of the Far East | ||
Homework message | Explain the content of homework |
During the classes
Organizing time
Checking readiness for the lesson, a cursory review of contour maps.
Knowledge check
Geographical dictation: indicate in numbers on the contour map (Appendix):
Option 1: Sakhalin, Kamchatka, the Dzhugdzhur Range, the Koryak Highlands, the Chukchi Highlands, the Amur River, the Sea of Okhotsk, Peter the Great Bay, the Tatar Strait, Cape Dezhnev.
Option 2: Kuril Islands, Chukotsky Peninsula, Sikhote-Alin Ridge, Sredinny Ridge, Kolyma Highlands, Lake Khanka, Bering Sea, Anadyr Bay, Bering Strait, Cape Lopatka.
After the dictation, students check each other's work: one or two inaccuracies - "4", three or four - "3", five or more - "2".
Learning new material
The teacher in a mini-lecture characterizes the nature of the Chukchi Highlands, Sakhalin Island, and also talks about the history of the development of the Far East.
The Far East has a unique position - on the border of the largest continent and the largest ocean of the Earth.
The physical-geographical zoning of the Far East is based on two factors: the features of the surface structure and the nature of the vegetation. The most typical physical and geographical regions of the Far East are: the Chukchi Highlands, the Kamchatka Peninsula, Sakhalin Island, Primorsky Krai.
Chukchi highlands. The climate is one of the most severe. The Chukchi Plateau is a combination of plain and mountain tundra with a mountain arctic desert.
Common inhabitants are reindeer, arctic fox, lemmings, tundra partridges.
Peninsula Kamchatka. 2/3 of the territory is occupied by mountains. From time to time Kamchatka is shaken by volcanic eruptions. There are about 30 active and 130 extinct volcanoes. One of the most active is Klyuchevskaya Sopka (4750m).
The Kamchatka Peninsula is occupied by the subzone of coniferous-birch park forests. Small-leaved trees (stone and Japanese birch) predominate. In elfin pine forests one can meet brown bear, Kamchatka sable, squirrel, lynx.
Sakhalin- the largest island in Russia. A characteristic feature of Sakhalin's climate is high relative humidity and frequent winds.
rare species of animals have been preserved here - a one and a half meter sea otter, a fur seal. In the north, you can find deer moss, and in the south, blooming magnolias.
Primorsky Krai- located in the southern part of the Far East. The monsoon climate in Primorye is most pronounced.
Most of Primorye is occupied by the Ussuri taiga, where coniferous and broad-leaved species are combined. Only here Amur velvet, Manchurian walnut, iron birch grow. The animal world is also unique - the Ussuri tiger, the mandarin duck, etc.
Natural uniques.
Valley of Geysers. Eastern Kamchatka is the only region in Russia with periodically spouting geysers. You can see such geysers as Firstborn, Giant, Triple, Fountain, Pearl, Double.
Amur river. There are unique islands on the river. Among them there are very small, there are similar to a drop. Islands are subject to continuous change - appear and disappear, "float" down the river or move up against the current.
Grove of Kamchatka fir. Unusually slender and beautiful trees. Botanists attribute it to pre-glacial vegetation.
Lake Khanka- the largest in the Far East. Rich in fish, a relict plant - lotus grows on the lake.
Lazovsky Reserve. Located on the coast of the Sea of Japan.
Anchoring
Explain the reasons for the diversity of PCs in the Far East?
Tell us about the features of the nature of Kamchatka.
Homework
§ 42, to prepare information about the reserves of the Far East.
Bibliography
Barinova I.I. Lesson developments in the geography of Russia: Grade 8: to the textbook by I.I. Barinova "Geography of Russia: Grade 8" / I.I. Barinov. - M .: Publishing house "Exam", 2008. - 399 p.
Barinova I.I. Geography of Russia. Nature. Grade 8: textbook. for general education institutions / I.I. Barinov. - 12th ed., stereotype. – M.: Bustard, 2008. – 285p.
Appendix
