Mountains of the world in ascending order of heights. Mountains: characteristics and types. Highest mountain - Everest

Everyone knows that the most high mountain- this is Everest. Can you name the second highest? Or at least three more from the TOP-10 list? And how many eight-thousanders are there in the world? By the way, the highest mountain is not even Everest ...
No. 10. Annapurna I (Himalayas) - 8091 meters

Annapurna I is the highest peak of the Annapurna mountain range. The height of the mountain is 8091 meters. Ranks tenth among all the peaks in the world. This peak is also considered the most dangerous - the mortality rate of climbers for all years of climbing is 32%, but in the period from 1990 to the present, the mortality rate has dropped to 17%.

The name Annapurna is translated from Sanskrit as "The Goddess of Fertility". The summit was conquered for the first time in 1950 by the French climbers Maurice Herzog and Louis Lachenal. Initially, they wanted to conquer Dhaulagiri, but found it unapproachable and went to Annapurna.

No. 4. Lhotse (Himalayas) - 8516 meters

Lhotse is the fourth highest peak in the world, 8516 meters high. Located on the territory of the Tibet Autonomous Region. The first successful ascent was made on May 18, 1956 by a Swiss expedition, which included Ernst Reiss and Fritz Luchsinger.

Of all attempts to climb Lhotse, only 25% were successful.

No. 3. Kanchenjunga (Himalayas) - 8586 meters.

Kanchenjunga ranks third in the ranking of the highest peaks in the world. The height of the summit is 8586 meters. Until 1852, Kanchenjunga was considered the highest peak in the world, but after calculations based on the data of the 1849 expedition, it was proved that the highest mountain is Everest. Mount Kanchenjunga was first conquered on May 25, 1955 by George Band and Joe Brown.

At all the tops of the world, there is a tendency for mortality to decline over time, but Kanchenjunga is an exception. In recent years, the mortality rate during climbing to the top has reached 23% and is only growing. In Nepal, there is a legend that Kanchenjunga is a mountain woman who kills all women who try to climb its summit.

No. 2. K2 or Chogori (Karakorum) - 8614 meters

K2 is the second of the highest peaks in the world. Chogori was first discovered by a European expedition in 1856 and was designated as Mount K2, that is, the second peak of the Karakorum. The first attempt at climbing was made in 1902 by Oscar Eckenstein and Aleister Crowley, but ended in failure.

The conquest of the summit took place in 1954 by an Italian expedition led by Ardito Desio. To date, 10 different routes have been laid to the top of K2.

Climbing K2 is technically much more difficult than climbing Mount Everest. In terms of danger, the mountain ranks second among the eight-thousanders after Annapurna, the mortality rate is 24%. None of the attempts to climb Chogori in winter were crowned with success.

No. 1. Chomolungma (Himalayas) - 8848 meters

Chomolungma (Everest) - highest peak Earth. Translated from the Tibetan "Chomolungma" - "Divine (jomo) Mother (ma) vital energy (lung)". The mountain is named after the Bon goddess Sherab Chamma.
The English name "Everest" was given in honor of Sir George Everest, the head of the Geodetic Survey of British India in 1830-1843. This name was proposed in 1856 by George Everest's successor Andrew Waugh after the publication of the results of his collaborator Radhanat Sikdar, who in 1852 first measured the height of "Peak XV" and showed that it is the highest in the region and probably in the whole world.

Until the first successful ascent to the summit, which took place in 1953, there were about 50 expeditions to the Himalayas and Karakorum (to Chomolungma, Chogori, Kanchenjunga, Nangaparbat and other peaks). On May 29, 1953, New Zealand climber Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay conquered Everest.
In subsequent years, climbers conquered the highest peak in the world different countries the world - the USSR, China, USA, India, Japan, and other countries. For all the time, when trying to climb Everest, more than 260 people died on it. Nevertheless, more than 400 people try to conquer Chomolungma every year.

In this collection, I will tell you about the highest mountains on every continent. In mountaineering, these peaks are known as the Seven Peaks, a name coined in 1985 by Richard Bass. I note right away that this is not a list of the highest mountains in the world, which are among the well-known 14 eight-thousanders located in the mountain ranges of the Himalayas and Karakoram in Asia. Only the peaks of each of the seven continents will be listed here. From this, the selection will only be more interesting, since it includes representatives from every corner of the world.

North America - Mount McKinley, Alaska.

Mount McKinley (or Denali) in Alaska is the highest peak in the United States and in North America with the highest point at 6.194 meters above sea level. In terms of base to peak ratio, it is the tallest mountain on Earth. Measured for topographic position, it is the third peak after Mount Everest and Aconcagua. It is the centerpiece of Denali National Park.

South America - Aconcagua, Argentina.

Aconcagua is the highest mountain in both South and North America with a height of 6.959 m. Located in the Andes mountain range, in the province of Mendoza, Argentina. The summit is located approximately 5 kilometers from the province of San Juan and 15 kilometers from the international border with Chile. Aconcagua is the highest peak in both the Western and Southern Hemispheres.

Europe - Mount Elbrus, Russia.

Mount Elbrus is an inactive volcano located in the western mountain range of the Caucasus, in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, on the border of Russia and Georgia. Elbrus Peak is the highest in the Caucasus in Russia. Despite the fact that opinions still differ on how the Caucasus is divided between Europe and Asia, many sources still agree that Elbrus is the highest mountain in all of Europe. The highest point of Elbrus reaches 5,642 meters.

Asia - Everest, Nepal / China.

Everest is the highest mountain on Earth with a peak at 8,848 meters above sea level, located in the Himalayas. The international border between China and Nepal runs at the highest level. The tallest mountain on Earth attracts many experienced climbers. There are no significant technical problems directly with the ascent on the standard route, but Everest poses other hazards such as altitude sickness, bad weather and strong winds.

Africa - Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.

Kilimanjaro, with its three volcanic cones, Kibo, Mavenzi, and Shira, is a dormant volcano in Kilimanjaro National Park, Tanzania and high mountain in Africa with a peak 5,895 meters above sea level. It is essentially a giant stratovolcano that began to form a million years ago when lava was released from the Rift Valley. Two of its three peaks, Mawenzi and Shira, are extinct, while Kibo (the highest peak) is dormant and may wake up again. The last eruption was dated to 360,000 years ago, while activity was only recorded 200 years ago.

Australia and Oceania - Punchak Jaya (Carstens pyramid), Papua province, Indonesia.

Punchak Jaya, or Karstens Pyramid, is the highest point of Mount Karstens in the province of Papua, Indonesia. At 4,884 meters above sea level, it is the tallest mountain in Indonesia, Oceania and Australia, as well as the 5th highest mountain in South-East Asia.

Antarctica - Vinson Massif, Ellsworth Mountains.

The Vinson Massif is the highest mountain in Antarctica. At 4,892 meters, the highest point is Mount Vinson, which was named in 2006 after Carl Vinson, a member of the US Congress from Georgia. The Vinson Massif was first discovered in 1958 and conquered in 1966. The 2001 expedition climbed for the first time through Eastern route and also took GPS measurements at the summit. Since February 2010, 1,400 climbers have attempted to reach the summit of Mount Vinson.

Mountains are magnificent creations of wildlife. Sometimes they are so beautiful that it is impossible to take your eyes off them. Mountain ranges and snow-capped peaks make up beautiful landscapes. Many tourists strive to visit mountainous areas as these places give an unforgettable experience. Extremists from all over the world annually conquer one peak after another, trying to ascend to the most unattainable heights. In total, there are a huge number of mountains on the globe, very different in size from each other. A mountain is called an elevation on land with a height of more than 500 meters. Distinguish between low, medium, high mountains. The latter include all elevations, more than 2000 meters in length from base to top. At the same time, their relative altitude- the size from the foot to the top. The absolute height is measured from the sea level, as a rule, this is a larger parameter. Scientists have compiled a table of all the largest mountains on the planet. The list of the highest peaks in the world includes 117 hills. They are over 7200 meters above sea level. All of them are located in Central and South Asia. The top 10 tallest mountains in the world include peaks that mainly belong to the Himalayas (except for one). The Himalayas are the highest mountain system on the planet. It is located between the Tibetan Plateau and the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

Top 10 tallest mountains in the world

1. Chomolungma: 8848 m.
2. Chogori: 8611 m.
3. Kanchenjunga: 8586.
4. Lhotse: 8516 m.
5. Makalu: 8485 m.
6. Cho-Oyu: 8188 m.
7. Dhaulagiri: 8167 m.
8. Manaslu: 8163 m.
9. Nangaparbat: 8126 m.
10. Annapurna 1: 8091 m.

Chomolungma is the highest mountain on the planet

Chomolungma tops the list of the highest mountains, formed in descending order. She is the highest peak in the world. It is located in the Mahalangur-Himal mountain range. The southern end of the mountain is located near the border with Nepal, its northern point (the highest) belongs to China. Other names for the highest peak on the planet:

• Everest;
• Sagarmatha;
• Shengmufeng.

Chomolungma has the shape of an irregular tetrahedron, in which two edges are flatter than the third. It is in contact with other mountain peaks, which are also ranked among the highest. These are the South Col (7906 meters), Lhotse (8516 meters), North Col (7020 meters), Changse (7553 meters). At the top of Everest there are accumulations of ice, from which water flows down all the edges of the tetrahedron. The hill attracts a lot of extreme lovers who want to put it on the list of peaks they have conquered. With the development of tourism, this has become much easier. Travelers are required to complete the necessary training, equip themselves in accordance with all the rules, pay fees for transport services, communication, security.

The cost of lifting and traveling along the route is several tens of thousands of dollars. In this case, you need to obtain a permit for the expedition, which is paid separately. The entire path can be covered in a period of 3 to 4 weeks. The expedition includes accommodation in camps, acclimatization. The difficulties lie not only in the development of the steepness itself, which requires enormous physical resources, but also in the fact that the summit of the highest point in the world has abnormally low temperature regimes. They reach -60 degrees, which can pose a threat to human life. Plus, there are strong winds, is influenced by solar radiation. The last section, leading directly to the top, is called the longest mile, as it is the most dangerous. This is a very steep path that is not easy to overcome.

Chogori is the second largest mountain in the world

Chogori ranks second in the top 10 largest mountains in the world. Also, this peak is the northernmost of the list of all eight-thousanders in the world. This is the only peak in the top 10 that does not belong to the Himalayas, but to mountain system Karakorum. It is located within the Baltoro-Muztag mountain range, which runs from Kashmir to China. She is also known as K2, Dapsang, Godwin-Austen.

In the late 1980s, its height was contested as the highest in the world. A group of scientists from the United States said that measurements taken with the help of a satellite show a magnitude of about 8,900 meters, which puts Chogori in first place in the top 10 tallest mountains in the world. However, Chinese researchers soon refuted this opinion, setting the height of the mountain at 8611 meters. Conquering Chogori is even more difficult than the object described above. The passage of the path is fraught with even greater difficulties. The figures showing the number of fatal accidents are 23-26%. For comparison: by the end of the 2000s, more than 3500 travelers had visited Chomolungma, and only 284 had visited Chogori, and for 66 people the ascent ended in death. Chogori is the second most dangerous mountain in the world after Annapurna. V winter time not a single extreme has been able to visit the top of Chogori so far.

Kanchenjunga - the third eight-thousander in the world

Kanchenjunga is located in the Himalayas, like the other 8 mountains on their list of the highest. She closes the top 3 highest peaks of the planet. Its height is 8586 meters. Kanchenjunga separates India and Nepal along their border. The mountain includes five peaks, 4 of which are higher than 8000 meters. Its name is translated into Russian as "five treasures of the great snows."

Until the middle of the 19th century, this mountain was considered the highest of all the peaks in the world, but then the calculations made lowered it to the third position of the top 10. Kanchenjunga, like Chogori, has a fairly high mortality rate when climbing it. The number of deaths is defined as 22%. This indicator does not decrease, even despite the higher level of technical equipment. Nepalese say that the spirit of the mountain, which took the form of a woman, is to blame for everything, so it takes the lives of girls trying to climb it. For 10 years, the only woman to climb Kanchenjunga was Briton Jeanette Harrison. Then the summit was visited by three female climbers: from Austria, Spain, Poland.

Lhotse - the most difficult routes

Lhotse is a mountain in the Mahalangur-Himal mountain range, in the Himalayas. It is 3 km away from Everest, the mountains are separated by the South Col pass. Lhotse with absolute height 8516 meters is ranked 4th in the top 10 tallest mountains in the world. From the side, Lhotse looks like a tetrahedron with 3 vertices. In addition to the main one, climbers climb the Middle Summit and Shar, which have a length of 8414 and 8383 meters, respectively.

These two peaks represent more challenging climbing routes. The average peak remained impregnable until 2001. The route along the South Face on Lhotse Shar is recognized as one of the most difficult in the world. According to the Italian extreme climber Messner, who was the first in the world to visit all 14 highest mountains from the list of eight-thousanders, there is no equal in complexity to the route of the South Face. There are also very high mortality statistics here.

Makalu is the fifth mountain from the top 10

Makalu is on the 5th position in the list of the highest peaks in the world. Its name translates as "Black Giant". It is 22 km away from Everst. Makalu consists of two peaks: Main and South-East. This mountain has long been known to world-famous climbers, but the first climbs on it began only after the 50s of the 20th century.

This fact can be explained by the fact that at first people strive to conquer the highest mountains in the world, and only then pay attention to the rest of the peaks. Unlike Lhotse, which has only a few routes, Makalu has much larger tourist routes. There are 17 routes along which you can climb the peak. The first to climb Makalu was the French group. In the late 90s, Russian climbers reached the peak by climbing the mountain along the Western Face. Technical is one of the most difficult paths. The ascent was recognized as the best for the year, the participants received the prestigious Golden Ice Ax award.

Cho Oyu is the easiest way

Cho-Oyu, or Chovuyag, is the sixth highest eight-thousander from the top 10. Its height above sea level is 8,201 meters. Chovuyag belongs to the same system mountain ranges as the highest mountains from the list of the highest peaks in the world. This is the Everest mountain range. Unlike the previous mountains, famous for their most difficult trails, Chovuyag is considered the easiest to climb.

The way to the top runs through the Nangpa-La pass. It is located between Nepal and China, 30 km from Everest. It is the main trade route between Tibetans and the Sherpa people of Nepal. Alpinists also climb along it. Despite the easier route, not all climbers manage to successfully reach Chovuyaga Peak. There were cases of death of travelers from exhaustion or as a result of an avalanche. In 2014, an American teenager, who was 16 years old, was able to conquer this mountain. He became the first climber of this age in the world to climb Cho-Oyu.

Dhaulagiri - a large number of peaks

Dhaulagiri closes the list of the seven highest mountains in the world. Another name for the top is White mountain... This massif is located in the center of Nepal, in the south of the Main Himalayan Range. Its peculiarity is that it has as many as 11 peaks.

The height of the main one is 8167 meters, the rest are from 7193 to 7751 meters. Like other eight-thousanders of the world, which are smaller than Everest, Dhaulagiri was conquered only in the middle of the last century. Although previously the mountain was known as competing with Everest in height. Swiss climbers, who climbed in 1960, used a light aircraft for the first time to transport equipment. The team paved the way to the top, which is now considered a classic.

Manaslu - Mountain of Spirits

Manaslu is part of mountain range Manmiri Himal, located in central Nepal. Its name translates as Mountain of Spirits.

It is located in the national park of the same name. Inside the park there is a walking tourist route which takes two weeks. Its highest point is the Larkya-La pass with an altitude of 5200 meters.

Nangaparbat - hard ascent

Nangaparbat is in 9th place in the list of eight-thousanders in the world. This mountain is located in the northwestern part of the Himalayan mountain range. It represents their end. Nangaparbat is located in Pakistan. The name translates as Naked Mountain, and also - Mountain of the Gods.

Climbing routes to the top of Mount of the Gods are some of the most difficult. Nangaparbat is one of the 3 most difficult peaks to climb. The array consists of 4 vertices. The height of the main one is 8125 meters, the rest have dimensions from 6820 to 7070 m.

Annapurna is the most dangerous mountain in the world

Annapurna closes the list of eight-thousanders in the top 10. But she is famous not only for this. The trek to its top is the most difficult, which is why it is at the top of the list in terms of mortality.

This figure reaches 32%. With the development of technology and the improvement of the equipment of climbers, it decreased slightly, but still remained the highest in comparison with other mountains. Another feature of the mountain is that it has the largest number of peaks - 13.

Tops of the very best can be created for almost everything that is on the planet. This applies to the shapes of the earth's surface, plants, buildings, etc. Reading about them, let alone seeing them, is very interesting and informative.

In this article, let's talk about what even schoolchildren learn, but only superficially. It's about the highest mountains on planet Earth. After all, a rare traveler does not dream of conquering the top of one of them.

Top of the highest mountain peaks in the world

Many people from school know the name of the highest mountain on the planet and where it is located. This or Chomolungma, located on the border of China with Nepal. Its height is 8848 m above sea level. For the first time its summit was conquered in 1953, and after that this height is the goal of climbers from all over the world.

Not far from the highest mountain in the world, Everest, is the second highest peak - Chogori, 8611 m. It is located on the border of China with Pakistan. Climbers consider it one of the most difficult to climb.

Both of these heights are at. Besides them, there are also Annapurna I, Dhaulagiri, Kanchenjunga, Lhotse, Makalu, Manaslu, Nangaparbat, Cho-Oyu. Their height is over 8000 m.

One might get the impression that all the high mountains are located only in the Asian part of the planet. But this is not so, they exist on other continents as well.

Located on the African continent, on the territory of the same name National park Tanzania. It is not just a mountain, it is a volcano with three peaks: Shira, Mavenzi and Kiba. The first two are already extinct, and the third is only dormant, so he can wake up at any moment and start erupting lava.

This is the highest peak in the Caucasus Mountains in Russia. It is also an extinct volcano. It has two peaks, differing by 21m in height. Due to the fact that the upper part of the mountain is covered with a permanent snow cap, it is also called Ming Tau, Yalbuz and Oshkhamaho. The snow lying on Elbrus gives rise to and regularly feeds several rivers in this region, such as the Baksan and the Kuban.

This pride of North America is located in Alaska, in the Denali National Park. It was named after the American president. Before that, it was called Denali or simply Big Mountain. Due to its northern location, the most optimal period for climbing McKinley is from May to July. Indeed, the rest of the time at the top there is a rather strong lack of oxygen.

Located in Argentina on the South America continent, Mount Aconcagua, despite its height, is one of the easiest for climbers. This is due to the fact that if you go up north slope, no additional equipment (ropes, hooks) is required. It belongs to the Andes mountain system and consists of several separate glaciers.

Few people know which mountain is considered the highest on the mainland Antarctica, because it is not particularly populated. But scientists have found that on the Sentinel Ridge in the Ellsworth Mountains there is an array 13 km wide and about 20 km long. The highest point of this hill was named Vinson Peak. It is poorly studied, because it was discovered only in the 50s of the 20th century.

Even in the vastness of Oceania there is a high mountain - this is Punchak-Jaya, on the island New Guinea... It is also considered the highest mountain in Australia.

As you can see, although Everest is the highest mountain in the world, each continent can boast of its own giant.

The highest peaks are scattered throughout the continents of the globe. Climbers collectively call them "Seven Summits". For the first time, each of them was conquered in 1985 by Richard Bass.

The largest mountains on earth

The table below shows the highest mountain peaks in the world.

Mountain systems are numerous. But where are the biggest mountains? From the above insignificant list, it can be seen that the most stately peaks are located in the Himalayas.

Highest points of the world

Each continent of the planet has its own well-known mountain peaks:

• Everest - the highest peak in Asia (the largest mountain in the world);
• Aconcagua - the highest peak in South America;
• McKinley is a giant mountain in North America;
• Kilimanjaro - African highest peak;
• Elbrus is the highest peak in Europe (and Russia);
• Vinson Massif is a giant located in Antarctica;
• Punchak Jaya is the largest mountain in Australia and Oceania.

Mountain peaks of different continents of the Earth

Mount Aconcagua is the tallest natural "structure" in the South American Andes. Its height is 6962 m.In addition, this mountain is the largest dormant volcano planets.

McKinley is located in North America. It rises 6194 meters above sea level.

In hot Africa, there is a snowy Mountain peak Kilimanjaro, which has an altitude of 5895 m. It is the highest point in Africa. From the height of these mountains, fantastic landscapes open up. Due to global warming, there is also a rapid melting of snow at the top.

Elbrus is the most high peak not only in Russia, but also in Europe. This mountain is a cone formed from a once extinct volcano. Its height is 6642 meters. From the top of Elbrus, fabulous landscapes of snow-white snow caps and a shroud of light clouds open up.

The most big top Asia and, accordingly, the largest mountain in the world - the famous unsurpassed Everest.

Cold icy Antarctica also has a similar attraction. Vinson Massif was discovered in the middle of the 20th century. Its height is 4892 meters.

The highest mountain in Australia, Oceania, located on the island of Guinea - Punchak Jaya. On its spurs are the largest mines in the world (gold and copper). The ice cover of this summit, like that of Kilimanjaro, is melting very quickly. Scientists have estimated that the last remaining glaciers of these places (Punchak-Jaya mountains) will melt in the next 10 years. Its height is 5030 meters.

Everest is the tallest mountain in the world

Everest is a recognized leader in height. It is known to be the largest mountain in the world. The Tibetans call it Chomolungma, and the Nepalese call it Sanarmatha.

The name of this peak was given in honor of the scientist from England George Everest (1790-1866) in 1865. From 1830 to 1843 he held the post of chief surveyor in India, made the greatest contribution to the study of the majestic Everest at the very initial stage.

In 1852 it was announced that the mountain has the most great height among all the peaks closest to it, which also have an altitude of more than 8000 m. Until then, it had the number "Peak XV". A more accurate height was determined by Andrew Waugh - a student and successor of the famous George Everest. The height of the largest mountain is 8850 meters.

Formation highest point the world began about 20 million years ago (uplift of the seabed). Layering of rocks took place for many years, and this process continues to this day. The strata of the Himalayas rise by an average of 5 cm annually.

Climbing the Himalayas

Numerous ascents (about 500 people) are made to Mount Everest every year. This event is associated with great risk. However, despite the high cost of one ascent (the average cost per person is $ 50,000), the number of those wishing to conquer the famous peak is growing every year. It should be noted that the very first woman to climb the mountain was a brave climber - Japanese woman Junko Tabei. This happened in 1976.

The practice of ascents of numerous climbers shows that the most difficult section on the way to the top is the last segment (300 meters). In this regard, the site is called the longest mile on Earth. On this stretch, climbers have practically no opportunity to belay each other, since this is a very steep snow slope. The largest mountain in the world is impregnable, but conquered by many.

In addition, there are still difficulties and obstacles that prevent the climbers from successfully finishing at the very top. At the very peak of the mountain, the wind speed reaches 200 km / h, and the air temperature is 60 degrees below zero. In total, about 200 climbers died here during the entire period of ascents. The main reasons for this are severe frosts, unexpected avalanches, lack of oxygen, health problems, and more.

Mountains on the planet Mars

Mount Olympus is located on the planet Mars. It is an extinct volcano. It is the second highest peak in the solar system. The first is Rheyasylvia Peak on the planet Vesta. It got its name from Mount Olympus, located in Greece. According to ancient myths, the Olympian gods once lived on it.

Mount Olympus is 26,200 meters high and 540,000 meters wide. It is so huge that its profile can only be seen at a great distance from the Earth or from the orbit of the planet.

Perhaps the large size of the mountain is due to the fact that there are no tectonic plates on Mars, as on Earth, and therefore there is no movement. The last volcanic eruption on the planet was about 2 million years ago. The mystery of Olympus is its steep slopes. It is not yet clear where they came from. Many scientists believe that there was once an ocean on Mars and that Olympus was undermined by its waters.

The atmospheric pressure on Olympus at the very top is 2%, while on Earth's Everest this figure reaches 25%.

The earth cannot be imagined without its beautiful majestic elevated areas - mountains. They tower over the whole world like giants, demonstrating their fantastic beauty, and allow the most courageous and courageous people to admire the fabulousness and infinity of the surrounding world.