And this fact is not surprising, because at the time of construction and commissioning "" was one of the largest liners in the world. His first voyage, which is also the last, took place on April 14, 1912, because the ship, after colliding with an ice block, sank, 2 hours and 40 minutes after the impact (at 02.20 on April 15). Such a large-scale disaster has become a legend, and nowadays the reasons and circumstances of its occurrence are being discussed, feature films are being made, and researchers continue to study the remains of the liner at the bottom and compare them with photographs of the ship taken in 1912.
If we compare the model of the bow part shown in the photo and the remnants that are now lying at the bottom, it is difficult to call them identical, because the front part of the ship in the process of falling heavily plunged into silt. Such a spectacle greatly disappointed the first researchers, since the location of the wreckage did not allow inspecting the place where the ship hit the ice block, without the use of special equipment. The torn hole in the body, clearly visible on the model, is the result of hitting the bottom.
The remains of the "Titanic" are at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean, they lie at a depth of about 4 km. The ship cracked during submersion and now two of its parts lie at the bottom, at a distance of about 600 meters from one another. Within a radius of several hundred meters near them are numerous debris and objects, including a huge chunk of the ship's hull.
The researchers managed to make a panorama of the bow of the Titanic by processing several hundred images. If you look at it from right to left, you can see the winch from the spare anchor, which sticks out directly above the bow edge, then the mooring device is noticeable, and next to the open hatch leading to hold No. 1, the breakwater lines go from it to the sides. The lying mast, under which there are two more hatches and winches for lifting cargo, is clearly visible on the inter-superstructure deck. The captain's bridge used to be located at the front of the main superstructure, but now it can be found at the bottom only in parts.
But the superstructure with the captain's and officer's cabins and the radio room is well preserved, although it is crossed by a crack created at the site of the expansion joint. The visible hole in the superstructure is the location of the chimney. Another hole behind the superstructure, the well, where the main staircase Titanic. The large ragged hole to the left is the location of the second pipe.
Photo of the main anchor on the port side of the Titanic. It remains a mystery how it didn’t fall down in the process of hitting the bottom.
A mooring device is located behind the Titanic's spare anchor.
Even 10-20 years ago on the mast of the Titanic one could see the remains of the so-called "crow's nest", where the lookouts were located, but now they have fallen off. The only reminder of the crow's nest is the hole in the mast through which the lookout mariners could enter spiral staircase... The tail behind the hole was once a bell mount.
Comparative photos of the deck of the Titanic, which housed the lifeboats. On the right, you can see that the superstructure on it is torn in places.
The staircase of the Titanic, which adorned the ship in 1912:
Photo of the remains of the ship, taken from a similar perspective. Comparing the two previous photos, it's hard to believe that they are one and the same part of the ship.
Elevators for 1st class passengers were installed behind the stairs. Only individual elements remind of them. The inscription, which can be seen in the photo on the right, was opposite the elevators and pointed to the deck. It is this inscription that is a pointer pointing to deck A (the letter A, made of bronze, has disappeared, but traces still remain).
Deck D, 1st class hall. Though most of the wood trim has been eaten by microorganisms; some elements have survived, reminiscent of the main staircase.
The 1st class hall and the Titanic restaurant, located on deck D, had large stained glass windows, which have survived to this day.
This is exactly how "" would look together with the largest modern passenger liner, which is called "Allure of the seas».
It was commissioned in 2010. Several comparative values:
- the "Allure of the Seas" displacement is 4 times higher than that of the "Titanic";
- modern liner - the record holder has a length of 360 m, which is 100 m more than "";
- the maximum width is 60 m compared to the 28 m of the shipbuilding legend;
- the draft is almost the same (almost 10 m);
- the speed of these vessels is 22-23 knots;
- the number of the command staff of "Allure of the Seas" - more than 2 thousand people (servants "" - 900 people, they were mainly stokers);
- passenger capacity of the giant of our time - 6.4 thousand people (y - 2.5 thousand).
The Titanic is the largest and most luxurious liner of its time. He was unashamedly called unsinkable, and he really seemed like that. He set out on his maiden voyage at noon on April 10 from the English port of Southampton. The final destination was to be American city New York. But the Titanic, as you know, did not make it to the shores of the United States ...
The collision of the "Titanic" with an iceberg
On April 14, 1912, the liner at full speed (at a speed of 22.5 knots, it was almost the maximum speed) rushed along North Atlantic... Nothing foreshadowed a tragedy, there was a complete calm. On the upper deck an orchestra played in a restaurant with a beautiful interior. Rich first grade people drank champagne, walked under open air and enjoyed the wonderful weather.
Late in the evening of April 14, at 11:39 pm, two lookouts (this is the official name of the sailors observing the situation during the voyage from a comfortable position) noticed an iceberg right along the course and reported this by telephone to the bridge. Officer William Murdock immediately commanded "Left rudder." Thus, he tried to prevent a collision.
But the multi-ton ship could not turn instantly, although in this case every second was worth its weight in gold - the block of ice was getting closer and closer. And only after about half a minute the Titanic's nose began to tilt to the left. In the end visible part the iceberg "missed" the ship without touching the starboard side.
The Titanic managed to turn two points, this was enough to prevent a head-on collision, but the liner still could not get away from the ice block - it ran into its hidden part, which was under water. This contact lasted approximately nine seconds. As a result, six holes were formed - all of them were below the waterline.
Contrary to popular misconception, the iceberg did not "cut" the bottom of the liner. Everything was a little different: from strong pressure the rivets on the casing shattered, the steel sheets were bent and gaps appeared between them. Water began to enter the compartments through them. And the penetration rate, of course, was enormous - more than seven tons per second.
The iceberg bent the hull of the ship, as a result of which the tightness was broken
Further chronology of the tragedy
Most of the passengers on the upper deck felt no threat at first. The stewards who served the snack on the tables in the restaurant noticed only a slight clink of spoons and forks on the tables. Some of the passengers felt a slight jolt and rattling, which quickly ended. Some people thought that the propeller blade had simply fallen off from the ship.
On the lower decks, the first consequences were more tangible: the local passengers heard an unpleasant grinding and rumble.
Exactly at midnight, Thomas Andrews, the man who designed the Titanic, came to the bridge. He had to assess the nature and severity of the damage that occurred. After reporting what had happened and inspecting the ship, Andrews told everyone present that the Titanic would definitely sink.
Soon the ship began to lurch noticeably. The 62-year-old captain of the vessel, Edward Smith, gave the order to prepare boats and begin calling passengers for evacuation.
And the radio operators, in turn, were ordered to send SOS signals to all nearby ships. They did this for the next two hours, and only a few minutes before the complete drowning, Smith relieved the telegraph operators from work.
Several ships received distress signals, but almost all of them were too far from the Titanic. At 00:25, the message about the tragedy on the Titanic was received by the Carpathia ship. It was located at a distance of 93 kilometers from the crash site. Immediately the captain of the "Carpathia" Arthur Rostron sent his ship to the area. “Karpatia”, hurrying to help people, managed to develop that night a record speed for itself of 17.5 knots - for this, all the devices powered by electricity and heating were turned off on the ship.
There was another ship, which was even closer to the Titanic than the Carpathia - only 10 nautical miles (which is equal to 18.5 kilometers). In theory, he could be of help. This is the Californian liner. The Californian was surrounded by ice, and therefore its captain decided to stop the ship - it was not planned to start again until the next morning.
At 11:30 pm, the Titanic radio operator Phillips and the Californian radio operator Evans talked to each other. Moreover, Phillips at the very end of this dialogue rather rudely asked Evans not to litter the airwaves, since at that moment he was transmitting a signal to Cape Reis (this is a cape on the island of Newfoundland). After that, Evans simply turned off the power in the radio room and went to bed. And after 10 minutes, the Titanic collided with an iceberg. Some time later, the Titanic sent the first distress signal, but the Californian could no longer receive it.
On top of that, the Titanic had no red flares. The confidence that the ship was unsinkable was so high that no one bothered to take the red rockets with them. Then it was decided to fire volleys of ordinary whites. The calculation was that the crew of a nearby ship would guess that trouble had happened to the Titanic. The Californian officers did see the white rockets, but they thought it was just some kind of holiday fireworks. A fantastic series of misunderstandings!
At half past one in the morning, the passengers began to be seated in the boats. It immediately became clear that there were not enough places for everyone. In total, there were twenty boats on board and their total capacity was 1178 people.
By order of Captain Smith and his assistant Charles Lightoller, who supervised the evacuation process on the left side of the liner, only children and women were taken into the boats. Men, according to the captain, were obliged to be on the ship to the last. But William Murdock, another assistant to Smith, who led the evacuation on the starboard side, gave places in boats and men when there were no women and children in the line.
At about 02:15, the nose of the liner suddenly sank down and the rest of the ship moved forward. A large cold wave swept across the decks, many people were simply carried overboard.
At about 02:20, the Titanic completely disappeared under ocean water... The liner was so huge that it sank for 160 minutes.
After the food was completely submerged under the water, hundreds of people swam to the surface. They swam in the icy water among all sorts of things from the ship: wooden beams, pieces of furniture, doors, etc. Many tried to use all this as a floating craft.
The temperature of the ocean water that night was −2 ° С (sea water does not freeze at this temperature due to the concentration of salt in it). A man here was dying of severe hypothermia within half an hour on average. And many of those moving away from the sunken ship on boats heard the heartbreaking cries of those who did not have enough space in the boats ...
At about 04:00, the Carpathia appeared in the area of the sinking Titanic. This ship carried 712 people on board, after which it headed for New York. Among the rescued, 394 people are women and children, 129 people are men, another 189 people are members of the ship's crew.
The death toll in this shipwreck was, according to various sources, from 1400 to 1517 people (it is difficult to give an exact figure, because there were many free riders on the Titanic). Thus, 60% of passengers from first class cabins managed to escape, 44% from second class cabins, 25% from those who bought third class tickets.
Titanic characteristics
When commissioned, the Titanic was 269 meters long and about 30 meters wide. The height of the liner was also impressive: from the waterline to the uppermost boat deck here it was 18.5 meters (and if you count from the keel to the top of the first pipe , it would be 53 meters in general). The draft of this liner was 10.5 meters, and the displacement was 52310 tons.
"Titanic" in 1912 in the port of Belfast (this is where it was built)
The liner was driven by several four-cylinder steam engines and a steam turbine. At the same time, steam for them, as well as for all kinds of auxiliary mechanisms, was produced in 29 boilers. It is worth noting that none of the thirty ship mechanics survived. They stayed in engine room and kept the steam units running until the very end.
The role of propulsion on the Titanic was performed by three propellers. The diameter of the central rotor was 5.2 meters, it had four blades. The propellers located at the edges had a larger diameter - 7.2 meters, but they had three blades. Three-blade propellers could rotate up to 80 revolutions per minute, and the central one - up to 180 revolutions per minute.
There were also four chimneys above the upper deck, each 19 meters high. The Titanic had a double bottom and had sixteen pressurized compartments. They were separated by watertight bulkheads. It is estimated that the ship would remain afloat even if any two compartments or four contiguous compartments on the bow or stern were flooded. But on the night of the tragedy, the iceberg damaged five compartments - one more than allowed.
Crew and passenger composition
It is known that on a tragic voyage in the ship's crew there were many people who had not undergone special training: stewards, stokers, shtivshchiki (this was the name of people whose task was to bring coal to the furnaces and throw ash overboard), coca. There were very few qualified sailors - only 39 sailors and seven officers, captain's mates. Moreover, some of the sailors have not even had time to get to know the Titanic well, since they were hired just a few days before sailing.
It is worth telling a little about the passengers. The passenger composition was extremely motley - from mendicant emigrants from Sweden, Italy, Ireland, who were sailing for a better life in New World, to hereditary millionaires such as John Jacob Astor IV and Benjamin Guggenheim (both died).
Benjamin Guggenheim put on his best tailcoat and began to drink whiskey in the hall - so he spent last hours life
In accordance with the cost of the purchased ticket, there was a division into three classes. For those who sailed in the first class, a swimming pool, a practice room were provided physical education, a sauna, a squash court, an electric bath (a kind of "ancestor" of the solarium) and a special compartment for pets. There was also a restaurant, elegantly furnished dining rooms, smoking rooms.
By the way, the service in the third class was also decent, better than on some other transatlantic steamers of that time. The cabins were bright and comfortable, not cold and clean enough. The dining room served not very sophisticated, but quite acceptable dishes, there were special decks for walking.
The premises and spaces of the ship were strictly divided according to classes. And passengers of, say, third class were forbidden to be on the first class deck.
"Titanic" in books and films
The terrible events that happened on the Titanic in April 1912 served as the basis for many literary works, paintings, songs and films.
The first book about "Titanic" was written, paradoxically, long before its crash. The little-known American writer Morgan Robertson released the story "Futility, or the Death of a Titan" back in 1898. It described the allegedly unsinkable ship "Titan", which crashed on an April night, colliding with a kind of iceberg. There weren't enough boats on the Titan, and so many of the passengers died.
The story did not sell well at first, but after the incident of 1912, interest in the book increased sharply - there were quite a lot of coincidences between the events described in the story and the real crash of the Titanic. And key specifications the fictional "Titan" looked like the characteristics of the real "Titanic" - a truly amazing fact!
Morgan Robertson and his story, where the death of the Titanic was predicted to some extent
And the first feature film about the tragedy was released in May of the same 1912 - it was called "She Escaped from the Titanic". Its duration was 10 minutes, it was dumb and black and white. The main role here was played by Dorothy Gibson, an actress who herself on that unfortunate night was on the Titanic and found her salvation in boat number seven.
In 1953, director Jean Negulesco turned to the topic of the tragic journey of "Titanic". According to the plot, on "Titanic" the husband, wife and their two children sort out the relationship between themselves. And everything seems to be getting better, but then the liner stumbles upon an iceberg and begins to go to the bottom. The family has to go through separation, the wife and daughter sail away in the boat, the son and father remain on the sinking ship. The film, by the way, received one Oscar in the same 1953.
But the most famous film about the sinking of the liner is James Cameron's Titanic, which appeared in theaters (and then on DVD) in 1997. It won as many as eleven Academy Awards and has long been considered the highest-grossing film in history.
Respected experts on the wreck of the Titanic (for example, historian Don Lynch and marine painter Ken Marshall) took part in preparing the script and creating the scenery for Cameron's film. Cooperation with respected experts made it possible to reliably convey some episodes of the crash. Cameron's Titanic called new wave interest in the history of the liner. In particular, after the release of the film, the demand for books and exhibitions related to this topic increased.
Discovery of the Titanic at the bottom of the Atlantic
The legendary ship lay at the bottom for 73 years before it was discovered. More specifically, it was found in 1985 by a group of divers led by oceanographer Robert Ballard. As a result, it turned out that under the tremendous pressure of water "Titanic" (the depth here was about 4000 meters) fell apart into three parts. The wreckage of the liner was scattered over an area with a radius of 1.6 kilometers. Ballard and his associates first of all found the bow of the ship, which, apparently, due to its large mass, went deep into the ground. Poop was found 800 meters away. Remains of the middle part were also seen nearby.
Between the large elements of the liner at the bottom, one could also see small objects testifying to that era: a set of copper cutlery, unopened wine bottles, coffee cups, doorknobs, candelabra and ceramic baby dolls ...
Later, several expeditions to the remains of the "Titanic" were carried out by the RMS Titanic company, which legally had the rights to the fragments of the liner and other related artifacts. During these expeditions, more than 6,000 items were raised from the bottom. They were subsequently valued at $ 110 million. These items were exhibited in thematic expositions or sold at auctions.
But why wasn't the Titanic fully lifted up? Alas, this is not possible. Experts have established that any attempt to lift the ship's hull will lead to its destruction, and therefore it will most likely remain at the bottom forever.
The documentary "Titanic": The Death of a Dream "
author Ўliya Nikiforova asked a question in the section Climate, Weather, Time Zones
Where did the Titanic sink? and got the best answer
Answer from YOTASYAN WINCHESTER [guru]
The Titanic (RMS Titanic) is a British steamer of the White Star Line, the second of three twin Olympic-class steamers. The largest passenger liner the world at the time of its construction. During the first voyage on April 14, 1912, it collided with an iceberg and sank after 2 hours and 40 minutes. Onboard there were 1,316 passengers and 908 crew members, a total of 2,224 people. Of these, 711 people were saved, 1,513 died. The Titanic catastrophe became legendary, several feature films were shot based on its plot.
Crash Site of Titanic:
At a point with coordinates 41 ° 46 ′ north latitude, 50 ° 14 ′ west longitude (later it turned out that these coordinates were calculated incorrectly) at a distance of about 450 meters, an iceberg was seen directly along the course. Despite the maneuver, 39 seconds later, the underwater part of the vessel was touched, the hull received numerous small holes for a length of about 100 meters. Of the 16 watertight compartments of the vessel, 6 were cut (in the sixth, the leak was extremely insignificant).
Iceberg the Titanic collided with: 
Answer from 2 answers[guru]
Hey! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: Where did the Titanic sink?
Answer from Aleks matis[newbie]
HE'S CEILING ALONG THESE COORDINATE 41 ° 43 "57" N 49 ° 56 "49" W
Answer from Olga Kononova[active]
in the atlantic ocean
Answer from Who[active]
in the dangerous! ! next to the iceberg! yy
Answer from Dmitry Marchenkov[guru]
On April 4, 1912, at about midnight, in the North Atlantic Ocean - three hundred miles southeast of Newfoundland Island - there was perhaps one of the greatest maritime disasters of our century.
The world's largest mail and passenger ship, the Titanic, collided with a huge iceberg and sustained serious damage to the starboard hull.
On April 15 at 2:20 am the liner went under water, splitting in half.
As a result of the accident, 1,522 people died, while only 705 survived - those who managed to take places in the boats. The survivors were picked up by the ship "Carpathia", which then brought them to New York ... 
Answer from Leonid Shevchenko[active]
By the way, there are versions that it was not the Titanic that sank, but the Olympic
link
During the first voyage on April 14, 1912, it collided with an iceberg and sank after 2 hours and 40 minutes.
The Titanic sank at great depth
On September 1, 1985, an expedition led by the director of the Woods Hall Institute of Oceanology, Massachusetts, Dr. Robert D. Ballard, discovered the Titanic's site at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean at a depth of 3750 meters.
and a certain Stefan Regorek from Bohemia made a trip on board the Bremen liner, en route from Bremerhafn to New York. On April 20, Bremen passed the place where the catastrophe occurred. All those present on board Bremen poured onto the deck, observing numerous remains of a shipwreck in the water, and something more terrible - dozens of corpses. Bremen didn’t pick up the bodies just because in a few hours the ship Mackay-Bennett, chartered especially for this, was about to arrive. Well, the hero of this story took some photographs and sent them home from New York.
The sinking of the Titanic claimed the lives of 1,517 of the 2,229 passengers and crew (official figures differ slightly) in one of the worst maritime disasters in world history. 712 survivors were brought aboard the RMS Carpathia. After this disaster, a great resonance swept through the public, affecting attitudes towards social injustice, radically changed the way passengers travel along the North Atlantic route, changed the rules for the number lifeboats carried out on board passenger ships and the International Ice Reconnaissance was established (where merchant ships crossing the North Atlantic continue to transmit accurate information about the location and concentration of ice using radio signals). In 1985, a major find was made, the Titanic was discovered on the ocean floor was a watershed moment for the public and for the development of new areas of science and technology. April 15, 2012 will celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Titanic. It has become one of the most famous ships in history, its image has remained in numerous books, films, exhibitions and monuments.
REAL TIME CRASH OF TITANIUM
duration - 2 hours 40 minutes!
The British passenger liner Titanic leaves Southampton, England on its maiden voyage on April 10, 1912. The Titanic was called to Cherbourg, France and Queenstown, Ireland, before heading west towards New York. Four days in transit, she collided with an iceberg at 11:40 pm, 375 miles south of Newfoundland. Just before 2:20 a.m., the Titanic disintegrated and sank. More than a thousand people were on board at the time of the accident. Some died in the water within minutes from hypothermia in the waters of the Northern Antaltic Ocean. (Frank O. Braynard Collection)
The luxury liner Titanic, in this 1912 photograph, as she left Queenstown in New York on her ill-fated last voyage. The passengers of this ship were included in the list of the richest people in the world, such as millionaires John Jacob Astor IV, Benjamin Guggenheim and Isidore Strauss, as well as more than a thousand emigrants from Ireland, Scandinavia and other countries seeking new life in America. The disaster was greeted around the world with shock and outrage at the huge loss of life and operational failure that led to the disaster. An investigation into the sinking of the Titanic began a few days later and led to significant improvements in maritime safety. (United Press International)
A crowd of workers. Harland Dockyard and Wolf Dockyard in Belfast, where the Titanic was built between 1909 and 1911. The ship was designed to be the last word in comfort and luxury, and was the most big ship afloat on her maiden voyage. The ship is visible in the background of this 1911 photograph. (Photo Archive / Harland & Wolff Collection / Cox)
Photo of 1912. In the photo, a chic dining room aboard the Titanic. The ship was designed to be the last word in comfort and luxury, with an onboard gym, swimming pool, libraries, upscale restaurants and luxury cabins. (Photo Archive The New York Times / American Press Association)
Photo of 1912. The second class of the dining room on the Titanic. A disproportionate number of people - over 90% of those in second class - stayed on board because of the "women and children of the first" protocol followed by the lifeboat loading officers. (Photo Archive The New York Times / American Press Association)
Photo of April 10, 1912, shows the Titanic leaving Southampton, England. Tragic death The Titanic happened a century ago, one of the reasons for the death of, according to some, loose rivets used by the ship's builders in some parts of this ill-fated liner. (Associated Press)
Captain Edward John Smith, commander of the Titanic. He commanded the largest ship at that time, making its maiden voyage. The Titanic was a massive ship - 269 meters long, 28 meters wide and weighing 52,310 tons. 53 meters separated from the keel to the top, almost 10 meters of which were below the waterline. The Titanic was higher above the water than most of the city's buildings at the time. (Archive of The New York Times)
First Mate William McMaster Murdoch, who is regarded as a local hero in his hometown Dalbeattie, Scotland, but in the film the Titanic is portrayed as a coward and a killer. In a ceremony marking the 86th anniversary of the sinking of the ship, Scott Neeson, executive vice president of filmmakers 20th Century Fox, presented a check for £ 5,000 ($ 8,000) to Dalbeattie School as an apology for the painting to a relative of the officer. (Associated Press)
It is believed that it was this iceberg that caused the Titanic crash on April 14-15, 1912. The photograph was taken aboard the Western Union Ships, Mackay Bennett, under the command of Captain DeCarteret. McKay Bennett was one of the first ships to reach the sinking site of the Titanic. According to Captain DeCarteret, this was the only iceberg at the site of the death when he arrived. It is assumed, therefore, that he was responsible for this tragedy. Glancing at the collision with the iceberg caused the plates of the Titanic to buckle inward at a number of places on its side and opened five of its sixteen watertight compartments where water poured in an instant. Over the next two and a half hours, the ship gradually filled with water and sank. (United States Coast Guard)
Passengers and some of the crew were evacuated in lifeboats, many of which were launched only partially filled. This photograph of a lifeboat from the Titanic is approaching rescue ship Carpathia, was taken by the Carpathian passenger Louis M. Ogden and was on display in 2003, an exhibition of photographs that relate to the Titanic (bequeathed to the National maritime museum in Greenwich, England, Walter Lord). (National Maritime Museum / London)
Seven hundred and twelve survivors were brought aboard from lifeboats at RMS Carpathia. This photograph taken by Carpathian passenger Louis M. Ogden shows a Titanic lifeboat approaching a rescue ship, Carpathians. The photograph was part of an exhibition in 2003 at the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, England, named after Walter Lord. (National Maritime Museum / London)
Although the Titanic had advanced safety features such as watertight compartments and remotely activated watertight doors, it lacked enough lifeboats to accommodate all those on board. Due to outdated maritime regulations safety, it only carried enough lifeboats for 1,178 people - a third of its total passenger and crew capacity. This sepia photograph depicting the recovery of the Titanic's passengers is one of the memorable ones about to go under the hammer at Christies in London, May 2012. (Paul Tracy / EPA / PA)
Press representatives interviewed Titanic survivors disembarking rescue ship, Carpathians, May 17, 1912. (American Press Association)
Eve Hart is portrayed as seven years old in this photograph taken in 1912 with her father, Benjamin, and mother Esther. Eva and her mother survived the sinking of the British liner Titanic on April 14, 1912, but her father died in the crash. (Associated Press)
People stand in the street awaiting the arrival of the Carpathia after the sinking of the Titanic. (Photo Archive The New York Times / Wide World)
A huge crowd gathered in front of Star Line's White office on Lower Broadway in New York to receive the latest news of the sinking of the Titanic - April 14, 1912. (Associated Press)
The New York Times editors at the time of the sinking of the Titanic, April 15, 1912. (Photo Archive The New York Times)
(Photo Archive The New York Times)
Two messages sent from America by Lloyds London underwriters in the mistaken belief that other ships, including Virginia's, were coming to the rescue when the Titanic sank. These two memorabilia are due to go under the hammer at Christies in London in May 2012. (AFP / EPA / Press Association)
Laura Francatelli, and her employers Lady Lucy Duff-Gordon and Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon, standing on a rescue ship, Carpathians (Associated Press / Henry Aldridge and Son / Ho)
This vintage print shows the Titanic shortly before leaving for its maiden voyage in 1912. (New York Times Archive)
Photo released by Henry Aldridge and Son / Ho auction in Wiltshire, England on April 18, 2008 shows an extremely rare Titanic passenger ticket... They were auctioned to handle the complete collection of the last American Titanic Survivor Miss Lillian Asplund. The collection consists of a number of important objects, including a pocket watch, one of the few remaining tickets for the first voyage of the Titanic, and the only example of the direct order of emigration the Titanic thought to exist. Lillian Asplund was a very private person, and because of the terrible event she witnessed that on a cold April night in 1912 she rarely spoke of the tragedy that took the lives of her father and three brothers. (Henry Aldridge)
(National Maritime Museum / London)
Breakfast menu aboard the Titanic, signatures of the crash survivors. (National Maritime Museum / London)
The nose of the Titanic at the bottom of the ocean, 1999 (Institute of Oceanology)
The image shows one of the Titanic's propellers on the ocean floor during an expedition to the site of the tragedy. Five thousand exhibits are slated to be auctioned off as a single collection on April 11, 2012, 100 years after the shipwreck. (RMS Titanic, Inc, via Associated Press)
A photo of 28 August 2010, released for the premiere of the exhibition, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Inc., shows the starboard side of the Titanic. (Premier Exhibition, Inc.-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute)
Dr. Robert Ballard, the man who found the remains of the Titanic nearly two decades ago, returned to the scene and counted the damage from visitors and souvenir hunters on the ship. (Institute of Oceanography and Archaeological Research Center / University of Rhode Island Grad. Schools of Oceanography)
The giant propeller of the sunken Titanic lies on the floor in the North Atlantic in this undated photograph. Propeller and other parts of the famous ship were viewed by the first tourists to visit the wreck site in September 1998. 
(Ralph White / Associated Press)
The 17-ton part of the Titanic's hull rises to the surface during an expedition to the site of the tragedy in 1998. (RMS Titanic, Inc; via Associated Press)
July 22, 2009, photo of the 17-ton section of the Titanic, which was lifted and rebuilt during an expedition to the site of the tragedy. (RMS Titanic, Inc; via Associated Press)
Gold plated American Waltham pocket watch, property of Carl Asplund, in front of a modern watercolor painting from the Titanic by C.J. Ashford at Henry Aldridge & Son Auctions in Devizes, Wiltshire, England, April 3, 2008. The watch was recovered from the body of Karl Asplund, who drowned on the Titanic, and is part of Lillian Asplund, the last American survivor of the disaster. (Kirsty Wigglesworth Associated Press)
Currency, part of the Titanic collection, is photographed in a warehouse in Atlanta, August 2008. The owner of the largest treasure trove of artifacts from the Titanic is providing a huge collection for auction in a single lot in 2012, to the 100th anniversary of the famous shipwreck in the world. (Stanley Leary / Associated Press) #
Photos of Felix Asplund, Selma & Karl Asplund and Lillian Asplund, by Henry Aldridge & Son Auctions in Devizes, Wiltshire, England, April 3, 2008. The photographs were part of Lillian Asplund's collection of Titanic related items. Asplund was 5 years old in April 1912 when the Titanic hit an iceberg and sank on its maiden voyage from England to New York. Her father and three siblings were among the 1,514 killed. (Kirsty Wigglesworth / Associated Press)
Exhibits at the "Titanic Artifact Exhibition" at the California Science Center: binoculars, hairbrush, dishes and a broken incandescent lamp, February 6, 2003. (Michel Boutefeu / Getty Images, Chester Higgins Jr. / The New York Times)
The goggles among the wreckage of the Titanic were among the select artifacts of the Titanic. (Bebeto Matthews / Associated Press)
Golden Spoon (Titanic Artifacts) (Bebeto Matthews / Associated Press)
A chronometer from the Titanic Bridge on display at the Science Museum in London, 15 May 2003. The chronometer, one of more than 200 items raised from the wreck of the Titanic, was on display at the launch of a new exhibition dedicated to its ill-fated maiden voyage along with perfume bottles. The exhibition took place for visitors on a chronological journey through the life of the Titanic, from its concept and construction, to life on board, and its plunge into the Atlantic Ocean in April 1912. (Alastair Grant / Associated Press) 
Logo meter for measuring the speed of the Titanic and swivel lamp. (Mario Tama / Getty Images)
The artifacts of the Titanic are displayed in the media for preview only, to announce the historic sale is complete. a collection of artifacts recovered from the crash site of the Titanic and showcasing highlights from the collection at sea Intrepid, Air & SpaceMuseum January 2012. (Chang W. Lee / The New York Times)
Cups and pocket watches from the Titanic are displayed during a press conference at an auction in Guernsey, January 5, 2012. (Don Emmert / AFP / Getty Images, Brendan McDermid / Reuters Michelle Boutefeu / Getty Images-2)
Spoons. RMS Titanic, Inc. is the only company authorized to remove elements from the ocean floor where the Titanic sank. (Douglas Healey / Associated Press)
Gold purse with mesh. (Mario Tama / Getty Images)
The April 2012 edition of National Geographic magazine (according to the line version available on the iPad) shows new images and drawings from the wreck of the Titanic, which remains on the seabed, gradually disintegrating at a depth of 12,415 feet (3,784 m). (National Geographic)
Two propeller blades protrude from the darkness of the sea. This optical mosaic is assembled from 300 high-resolution images. (COPYRIGHT © 2012 RMS Titanic, Inc; Produced by AIVL, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute)
First full view of the legendary sunken ship. The photo mosaic consists of 1500 high resolution images using sonar data. (COPYRIGHT © 2012 RMS Titanic, Inc; Produced by AIVL, WHOI)
Side view of the Titanic. You can see how the hull fell to the bottom and where the deadly places of the iceberg hit. (COPYRIGHT © 2012 RMS Titanic, Inc; Produced by AIVL, WHOI)
(COPYRIGHT © 2012 RMS Titanic, Inc; Produced by AIVL, WHOI)
Understanding this ball of metal presents endless challenges for professionals. One says: "If you are going to interpret this material, you must love Picasso." (COPYRIGHT © 2012 RMS Titanic, Inc; Produced by AIVL, WHOI)
The Titanic's two engines lie in a gaping hole in the stern. Wrapped in "rusticles" - orange stalactites made of iron that eat bacteria in these massive structures, four stories high, the largest moving artificial objects on Earth at the time. (COPYRIGHT © 2012 RMS Titanic, Inc; Produced by AIVL, WHOI)
More than 100 years have passed since the terrible disaster of one of the largest liners of its time. But until now, the world does not know all the secrets hidden by the huge and seemingly indestructible "Titanic". How the ship sank, the material will tell.
Struggle of the giants
The twentieth century has become a century of technological progress. Skyscrapers, cars, movies - everything developed at an uncanny speed. The process also affected ships.
In the market in the early 1900s, there was a lot of competition for customers between two large companies. Cunard Line and White Star Line, two hostile transatlantic carriers, have competed for the right of the leader in their field for several years in a row. has opened up interesting opportunities for companies, so over the years their ships have become larger, faster and more luxurious.
Why and how the Titanic sank is still a mystery. There are many versions. The boldest of them all is a scam. It was conducted by the aforementioned Star Line company.
But he opened the world of amazing liners "Cunard Line". By their order, two extraordinary steamships "Mauritania" and "Lusitania" were built. The audience was amazed at their grandeur. The length is about 240 m, the width is 25 m, the height from the waterline to the boat deck is 18 m. (But after a few years the dimensions of the Titanic surpassed these parameters). Two twin giants were launched in 1906 and 1907. They won first places in prestigious competitions and broke all speed records.
It became a matter of honor for the competitors of "Kunard Line" to give a worthy answer.
The fate of the troika
The White Star Line was founded in 1845. During the years of the gold rush, she earned by flying from Britain to Australia. Throughout the years, the company has competed with Cunard Line. Therefore, after the Lusitania and Mauritania were launched, the Star Line engineers were tasked with creating fantastic projects that would surpass the brainchild of competitors. Final decision was adopted in 1909. This is how the idea of three Olympic-class ships came about. The order was carried out by Harland & Wolfe.
This maritime organization was famous throughout the world for the quality of the ships produced, comfort and luxury. Speed was not a priority. Several times Star Line proved not by word, but by deed that it cares about customers. So, in 1909, in a collision of two liners, their ship stood on the water for two more days, which proved its quality. Nevertheless, the three "Olympic" misfortune befell. repeatedly got into accidents. So, in 1911, it collided with the cruiser Hawk, from which it received a 14-meter hole and went for repairs. Misfortune also befell the Titanic. He found himself at the bottom of the ocean in 1912. "Britannica" was caught by the First World War, where he played the role of a hospital, and in 1916 was blown up by a German mine.
Miracle of the seas
Now we can safely say that great ambition was the reason why the Titanic crashed.
The construction of the second of the three Olympic-class vessels was not without casualties. 1,500 people worked on the project. The conditions were difficult. Little was cared about safety. Due to the fact that they had to work at a height, many builders were frustrated. About 250 people were seriously injured. The wounds of eight men were incompatible with life.
The dimensions of the Titanic were amazing. Its length was 269 m, width 28 m, height 18 m. It could reach speeds of up to 23 knots.
On the day the liner was launched, 10,000 spectators gathered on the embankment, including VIP guests and the press, to see the unusually large ship,
The date of the first flight was previously announced. The voyage was scheduled for March 20, 1912. But due to the collision of the first ship in September 1911 with the cruiser Hawk, some of the workers were transferred to the Olympic. The flight was automatically postponed to April 10. It is from this date that the fateful history of the Titanic begins.
Fatal ticket
Its height was equated to an eleven-story building, and its length was four city blocks. Telephones, elevators, a private electric grid, a garden, a hospital, shops - all of this was placed on the ship. Luxurious halls, gourmet restaurants, a library, a swimming pool and a gym - everything was available to high society, first class passengers. Other clients lived more modestly. The most expensive tickets cost, in terms of today's exchange rate, more than $ 50,000. Economical option from
The history of the Titanic is the history of different strata of the then society. Expensive cabins were occupied by successful, famous personalities. The tickets to the second class were bought by engineers, journalists, representatives of the clergy. The cheapest decks were for expats.
Landing began at 9:30 am on April 10th in London. After several planned stops, the liner headed for New York. A total of 2,208 people boarded the aircraft.
Tragic meeting
Immediately after entering the ocean, the team realized that there were no binoculars on the ship. The key to the box in which they were kept was missing. The ship followed the safest route. He was chosen depending on the season. In the spring, the water was full of icebergs, but they theoretically could not severely damage the liner. Nevertheless, the captain gave the order to drive the Titanic at full speed. How the ship sank, which, according to the owners, could not be sunk, was later told by passengers who were lucky enough to survive.
The first days of sailing were quiet. But already on April 14, radio operators received repeated warnings about icebergs, which were largely ignored. In addition, the temperature dropped significantly by nightfall. As you know, the team did without binoculars, and such a grand ship was not equipped with searchlights. Therefore, the lookout noticed the iceberg only 650 meters away. The man signaled to the bridge, where First Mate Murdoc gave the order: "Turn left" and "Reverse." This was followed by the command: "Right". But the hulking ship was slow in maneuvers. The board collided with an iceberg. That is why the Titanic crashed.
Unheard distress call
The collision happened at 11:40 pm, when the people were almost all asleep. On the upper deck, the impact was unnoticeable. But the bottom shook pretty much. The ice made holes in 5 sections, they instantly began to fill with water. Overall, the hole was 90 meters long. The designer said that with such damage, the ship will hold out for a little over an hour. The crew was preparing for an urgent evacuation. The radio operators were broadcasting an SOS signal.
The captain gave the order to put women and children in the boats. The crew themselves also wanted to survive, so the strong sailors took the oars in their hands. First of all, the rich passengers of the Titanic were saved. But there weren't enough places for everyone.
From the very beginning, the liner was not sufficiently equipped with everything necessary. Maximum, 1100 people could be saved. In the first minutes it was completely imperceptible that the ship began to sink, so the relaxed passengers did not understand what was happening and reluctantly climbed into the half-empty boats.
The last moments of the miracle ship
When the nose of the liner tilted strongly, there was a massive panic among the passengers.
The third class was left closed in its part. Riots broke out, and people in horror tried to escape as best they could. The guards tried to restore order and frightened the crowd with pistol shots.
At the time, the steamer Californian was passing by, but it did not receive a signal for help from a nearby vessel. Their radio operator slept through the messages. How the "Titanic" sank, and with what speed it went to the bottom, knew only "Carpathia", which went in their direction.
Despite the distress signals being given, independent attempts to escape did not stop. The pumps were pumping out water, there was still electricity. At 2:15 a.m. a pipe fell. Then the light went out. Experts believe that the liner was torn in half because the bow took in water and sank. The stern first rose up, and then, under the pressure of its own weight, the ship broke.
Cold in the abyss
The nose was sinking quickly. The stern also went under water in a few minutes. But at the same time, its upholstery, body, furniture floated upward. At 2:20 am, the great ship Titanic was completely submerged. How the ship sank, dozens of feature films and documentaries are shown today.
Some of the passengers tried hard to survive. Dozens jumped in vests into the black abyss. But the ocean was merciless to man. Almost everyone froze to death. After a while, two boats returned, but only a few survived at the scene. An hour later, "Karpatia" arrived and picked up those who remained.
Together with the ship, the captain went to the bottom. Of all those who bought a ticket to the Titanic, 712 people were saved. The victims of 1496 were mainly representatives of the third class, people who on this journey wanted to touch something unrealizable and desirable.
Scam of the century
Two ships of the "Olympic" class were built according to the same project. After the first ship set sail, all its shortcomings came out. So, the management decided to add some details to the Titanic. Reduced walking space, completed cabins. A cafe was added to the restaurant. To protect passengers from bad weather, the deck was closed. As a result, there was an external difference, although earlier it could not be distinguished from the "Olympic" liner.
The version that the "Titanic" was not under water by accident was announced by Robin Rardiner, an ace in matters of shipping. According to his theory, the older and battered Olympic was sent to sail.
Changing the ship
The first liner was launched without insurance. Having survived several accidents, he became an unpleasant burden for the company. Constant repairs required colossal funds. After the damage inflicted on him by the cruise, the ship was again sent on vacation. Then it was decided to replace the old ship with a new one, which was insured and very similar to the Titanic. It is known how the liner sank, but few people know that after the tragedy the White Star Line company received round compensation.
It was not hard to arrange a disaster. Both ships were in the same place. The Olimpica was redecorated, the deck was rebuilt and a new name pasted. The hole was patched with cheap steel that weakens in the icy water.
Confirmation of the theory
An important proof of the veracity of the version is indisputable facts. For example, the fact that world tycoons and successful, rich people abruptly and unreasonably abandoned the long-awaited trip the day before. Among them was the owner of the company, John Pierpont Morgan. A total of 55 first class customers canceled tickets. All expensive paintings, jewelry, gold reserves and treasures were also removed from the liner. The thought arises that the privileged passengers of the Titanic knew some secret.
Interestingly, Smith was appointed captain, who still rode the Olympic. Repeatedly he noted that this was his last flight in his life. The words were taken literally by the people around him, as the sailor was about to retire. Researchers believe that this was a punishment for the commander for past mistakes on the previous ship.
Many questions arise because of the first mate William Murdock, who ordered to turn left and engage reverse gear. The correct solution in such a situation would be to go straight and wrinkle your nose. In that case, the Titanic would not be at the bottom.
Curse of the mummy
For years, stories have circulated that countless treasures were left on board. Among them is the mummy of the seer of Pharaoh Amenhotep. As early as 3000 years ago, a woman predicted that her body would fall under the water and this would happen to the screams of innocent people who died. But skeptics do not consider the prophecy to be true, although they do not rule out that the secrets of the Titanic have not yet been revealed.
There is also such a version: the disaster was planned to suspend the technical. But this theory is even less plausible than the myth of the mummy.
The ruins lie at a depth of 3750 meters. Dozens of grandiose dives were made to the liner. James Cameron, the filmmaker of the famous film, was also in the group of researchers.
A century has passed, and the secrets of the "Titanic" are still of interest and excitement to mankind.
