Solution housing issue thoroughly knocked down my LJ. For almost three months I haven’t got out anywhere. So there is nothing special to write. Here I have scraped a few pictures from my summer trip to Ryazan. Pictures because of the gloomy weather and crooked hands did not come out very well, but oh well.
1. The Epiphany Church of the Spassky Monastery was erected around 1647. It is very spectacular and beautiful building, in which two clear geometric forms are visually opposed: the cube of the church's quadrangle and the octahedral pyramid of its bell tower. The contrast of the combination of the pyramid of the bell tower tent with the cube is perceived here especially sharply because the pyramidal nature of the tent is emphasized by its relatively low height, and cubicity - by the absence of rows of kokoshniks on its roof and the exquisite refinement of its heads.
2. Against the background of the huge Assumption Cathedral, the church seems quite toy.
3. View from the Kremlin to the Trubezh River. I stuck for a long time on the imposing pier. How do steamers also go along this stream? Then the locals kindly explained that the pier was just a lure. See there is a bus down there? On it, tourists are taken to the navigable part of the river.
4. Ryazan romance.
5. Archangel Cathedral. One of the oldest structures of the Ryazan Kremlin (15-17 centuries). This is the former princely house church and at the same time - the tomb of the Ryazan bishops (22 burials), including the famous religious and public figure, associate of Peter the Great Stefan Yavorsky. The cathedral is a four-pillar, cross-domed, one-domed temple with three apses and three entrances. Despite significant rebuilding after the devastating fire in 1647, the cathedral has retained the typical features of 15th century architecture.
In the 19th century. a refectory with a magnificent portal in the pseudo-Russian style was attached to the cathedral (see in the foreground).
6. Nativity of Christ (until the 18th century. Old Assumption) Cathedral - the earliest stone construction of the Kremlin - a monument of ancient Russian architecture of the early 15th century. The antiquity of the cathedral is evidenced by the white-stone masonry of the apses and the basement, characteristic of the temples of the 15th century. Initially, the cathedral served as a citywide temple and was the burial vault of Ryazan princes and princesses. In connection with the construction of a new cathedral of the Assumption Cathedral, the old church was renamed into Nativity of Christ.
The modern appearance of the cathedral dates back to the 19th century.
7. Oleg's Palace (Bishops' Chambers) - an architectural monument of the 17-18 centuries, the largest civil building in the Kremlin, with an area of 2530 square meters. m. It was built on the site of the Ryazan Kremlin, where until the 16th century. presumably there was a princely court. A beautiful building with colored platbands, a baroque pediment and terem windows, not only among the people, but also in special literature, has since ancient times been known as "Oleg's Palace".
8. Inside the chambers there is a museum of local lore. The museum has a rather modern design. But still, somehow it didn't work out for me.
9. Singing building (in the background) - a monument of civil architecture of the mid-17th century. It got its name from the rehearsals of the singers held here, but the main purpose of the building is different: these are the living quarters of the bishops' ministers - the housekeeper and the treasurer. In the end part of the building with a separate entrance there was a reception room for the housekeeper. The two-storey brick building is rectangular in plan and is designed in the strict style of the 17th century architecture. A porch made in the style of Old Russian architecture gives it a special elegance.
10. View of the Epiphany Church, the Assumption Cathedral and the Consistory building.
11. Bell tower of the Epiphany Church and the dome of the Transfiguration Cathedral.
12. Old Russian melancholy. In the distance you can see the domes of the Savior-on-Yar.
13. Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral is a monument of the last stages of development of Russian architecture of the 17th century. The grandiose building is distinguished by a certain weight of forms, foreshadowing the baroque. Its four-pitched roof is an already established complete architectural form. Flat, strictly semicircular false zakomars in the plastic of the wall do not play any role and are only one of the elements of the complex completion. The bundles of columns at the corners are almost devoid of the expression of the Naryshkin style, and, rather, contribute to the impression of the massiveness of the wall itself. In the decoration of the windows, however, were used platbands, characteristic of the Naryshkin style, with their pretentious drawing, and even colored glazed tiles, especially in the altar part.
14. General form to the Ryazan Kremlin from the defensive rampart.
15. Walls and tower (18th century) of the Spassky monastery.
16. On the southwestern side of the Kremlin hill there is an ancient earthen rampart - a defensive structure of the 13-17th centuries. The length of the shaft is 290 meters. Until the late 17th - early 18th century. on the rampart were wooden walls and towers of the Kremlin.
17. Behind the rampart was a moat filled with water. Time made the rampart shallow and less high (now its height is 9 meters from the side of the Kremlin and 18 meters from the outside, from the bottom of the ditch), but to this day the Kremlin rampart rises imposingly over the adjacent territory, admiring its grandeur.
18. Cathedral bell tower - the latest monument of the history and architecture of the Kremlin. It is a grandiose four-storey building with a height of 86 meters with a gilded almost 25-meter spire. The bell tower was built in the classical style, and despite the fact that it was built over more than 50 years (1789-1840) according to different projects by different architects, I.O. Russko, K.A. Ton and N.I. Voronikhin, the overall composition of the bell tower with the perfectly found proportions of the spire retained the unity and integrity of expression. Its town planning significance for Ryazan is comparable to the significance of the Ivan the Great Bell Tower for Moscow or Zakharov's buildings for St. Petersburg. The bell tower of the Assumption Cathedral in Ryazan is unique in its purity and severity of style; there are no such bell towers in the style of classicism in other cities of Russia.
19. View of the moat and the bridge leading to the Kremlin.
20. Hotel Znati is a monument of civil architecture of the 17-19th centuries. The building is decorated in the style of the second half of the 19th century, however, on the ground floor, significant parts of the walls of ancient cells of the 17th century have been preserved. The building consists of two buildings of different times, which at the beginning of the 20th century. were interconnected by the church in the name of John the Theologian.
21. By a strange effect, the dome and cross of this church in all (!) Photographs came out very dark.
22. On the opposite side of the Kremlin ditch there are the remains of the Elias Church.
Since 1953, a city lecture hall has been located in the building of the temple. The authorities intended to set up the "Wedding Palace" in an unrecognizably converted building of the ancient church. They even decorated the main entrance to the building with a bas-relief - the image of naked Adam and Eve. The Ryazan diocese protested, rightly seeing blasphemy in an erotic sign on the ancient church.
23. And finally, the main dominant of the Kremlin is the Assumption Cathedral (1699).
This grandiose structure (area 1600 sq. M, height 72 m) surpassed almost all modern buildings in its dimensions. The Assumption Cathedral is the most significant architectural monument of the Naryshkin Baroque era. A unique monument of ancient Russian art, it is an unsurpassed example of the organic synthesis of architecture, sculpture and icon painting. An unparalleled masterpiece is the carving on white stone portals and platbands of the windows of the cathedral.
Bukhvostov took the Moscow Assumption Cathedral as a model, but made several changes to the scheme, for example, he abandoned the zakomar-kokoshniks crowning the building, replacing them with a beautiful decorative cornice made of brick in the form of patterned brackets supporting the upper white-stone slab. Thanks to this technique, the cubic shape of the cathedral was more emphasized and fully completed. Secondly, the cathedral was raised on the basement. The use of the podklet was news for such a large structure as the cathedral. Thanks to the basement, the building not only rose above the city, but even more sharply outlined the cubic silhouette of the cathedral.
24. Glebovsky Bridge (18th century) leading to the Kremlin.
25. Monument to Oleg Ivanovich (Ryazansky) on Cathedral Square meets tourists at the exit from the Kremlin. Guess the author?
The Ryazan Kremlin was a pleasant surprise. I did not expect that he survived so well and is kept in a relatively well-groomed condition. So there is a reason to come here in the "weekend" format, since Ryazan is quite close to Moscow.
Pictures are mine, copy-paste from here. Maybe someone will come in handy.
Ryazan Kremlin (Russia) - description, history, location. The exact address, phone, website. Reviews of tourists, photos and videos.
- Last Minute Tours in Russia
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The Kremlin is undoubtedly the main attraction of Ryazan. And besides, the most interesting one. Even if you have come to this city for only a few hours, the Ryazan Kremlin is a must-see. On the territory of the Kremlin there is a historical and architectural museum-reserve, which is considered one of the oldest museums in Russia. It was founded in 1884. In total, the Kremlin ensemble includes 18 historical and cultural monuments of the 11-19th centuries.
The main dominant of the Ryazan Kremlin is the Assumption Cathedral, built according to the project of the serf architect Yakov Bukhvostov.
This is the oldest part of the city, formed in 1095. At that time Ryazan was called Pereyaslavl-Ryazan. In the 11th century, the Kremlin was a fortified wooden fortress, around which settlements of peasants and artisans were located. In the 16th century, the first stone tower was built - Glebovskaya. In total, the construction of the complex continued until the 19th century.
The main dominant of the Ryazan Kremlin is the Assumption Cathedral, built according to the project of the serf architect Yakov Bukhvostov. The temple was built from 1693 to 1699. The cathedral is decorated with skilful white stone carving. Interestingly, the details of the drawing are unique - none of them is repeated.
The Assumption Cathedral and the cathedral bell tower are built in such a way that they can be seen from almost anywhere in the city and 20 km from Ryazan. For a long time, it was these buildings that served as a natural visual reference point when navigating on the Oka.
There are a total of 8 churches on the territory of the Ryazan Kremlin. The oldest building is considered to be the Nativity of Christ Cathedral, built in the 15th century. It has been restored and rebuilt many times, so not all elements have survived. Most of the architectural solutions of the temple date back to the 19th century.
Other objects are no less interesting. For example, the largest civil building in the Kremlin is Oleg's Palace. The palace is richly decorated with a baroque pediment and terem windows, as well as colored platbands. Ryazan bishops lived here. Today, this building houses the historical exposition of the museum and exhibition halls.
Particular attention should be paid to the ancient earthen rampart, which served as a defensive structure in the 13-17 centuries. Its length is 290 meters. A large moat with water was located immediately behind the rampart.
Ryazan is one of the most ancient and the most beautiful cities Russia. There are about 3000 unique monuments of archeology, history, culture and architecture in the city and region. Almost a thousand-year history of Ryazan is reflected in many old buildings, museums and even on the streets of the city.
Location and climate
Ryazan is located on the East European Plain and is one of the cities closest to the capital. Ryazan is about 190 km away from Moscow. The favorable geographical location of the city on the banks of the Oka River and the presence of a number of fertile lands and forests have become the reason for the active development of Ryazan. Ryazan Oblast is located in the temperate continental climate zone, so the temperature in summer rarely exceeds 25 degrees, and the average temperature in winter is about -11 degrees. However, easterly winds from Kazakhstan and Siberia can cause the summer temperature to rise to +40 degrees, while in winter it can drop to -40 degrees.
Historical reference
It arose in the 9th-10th centuries on the site of the settlement of one of the Mordovian tribes and was originally the tribal center of the Vyatichi. Old Ryazan is located 50 km southeast modern city... At the end of the 11th century, the power of the Rurikids spread to these lands, and in 1096 Oleg Svyatoslavovich came to Ryazan, as the chronicles tell about.
The city was destroyed in 1237 and turned into a rural settlement by the 17th century. The administrative center of the principality was moved to Pereyaslavl Ryazan, which was founded in 1095. In those days, the city was reliably fortified with a defensive rampart and a fortress wall with watch towers. Well protected from all sides by forests, Pereyaslavl got the opportunity to develop and build up relatively calmly.
In 1521 it merged with the Moscow state, and Ryazan received its present name in 1778 according to the decree of Catherine II and soon became the capital of the Ryazan province. After entering Muscovy, Ryazan lost its leading military and strategic importance, and its defenses were almost completely destroyed.
Sights of the city and region
Ryazan Kremlin is cultural and historic center city, its monumental appearance and in our time amazes the imagination. On an area of 26 hectares, there are 17 unique monuments of architecture and history of the 15th-19th centuries, including several active Orthodox churches and the Transfiguration Monastery.
Excursion with escort through the territory of the Kremlin for 45 minutes will cost 750 rubles. for adults and 500 rubles. for students. V summer time you can also visit the territory of the archaeological site of the Kremlin. The cost of the visit is 30 rubles. You can get from the railway station to the Kremlin by trolleybus # 1, stop “ Cathedral Square».
The exposition is open from 10 am to 6 pm daily, except Mondays.
Blue domes become the symbol of the Ryazan Kremlin Assumption Cathedral, the main decoration of which is the highest in Russia carved iconostasis, its height is 27 meters. With its unique white stone carving, the cathedral is similar to the Faceted Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin.
, located on the territory of the Kremlin, was erected at the beginning of the 15th century and for a long time was the main city church. The cathedral houses the prince's tomb, where Princess Sophia, the daughter of Dmitry Donskoy, and the sister of Ivan III, Princess Anna are buried. Also in the cathedral are the remains of St. Basil of Ryazan, which, according to believers, have miraculous powers.
is one of the oldest buildings in the Ryazan Kremlin. It was built as a home for the princely church in the 15th century and is the burial vault of many Ryazan bishops. In 1647 it was destroyed by fire, and then rebuilt, but retained all the signs of ancient architecture. A lavish pseudo-Russian style refectory was added to it in the 19th century.
The Assumption Cathedral greets visitors to the Ryazan Kremlin with its ringing every hour. This structure is almost 86 meters high and consists of four tiers. It was created for over 50 years by the efforts of three different architects. On the site of the bell tower, there was once a stone Glebovskaya tower, which is described by a memorial plaque fixed on it. The gilded spire of the bell tower, 25 meters high, is clearly visible from almost anywhere in the Ryazan Kremlin.
was originally built as a cemetery temple. In 1807, instead of old church a new stone one was erected from wood. The iconostasis of the temple was painted in 1878 by the icon painter N.V. Shumov. The church contains a copy of the miraculous icon "Joy of All Who Sorrow", the icon of the Tikhvin Mother of God and the icon of the Great Martyr Panteleimon with part of his holy relics. Next to the temple is the chapel of the holy blessed Lyubov Ryazan. Temple address: Kolkhozny proezd, 1.
built on the site of the ancient Ostrog in the 17th century and is located near the Ryazan Kremlin. The graceful five-domed dome of this small church gives it a special charm and makes it one of the most beautiful temples in Ryazan. In the post-revolutionary period, the temple was destroyed, in the 90s it began to be restored, and since 1994 it has been operating. Near the church there is a monument to S.A. Yesenin, installed in 1975.
On the site of the newly rebuilt Alexander Nevsky Church housed a nunnery, destroyed to the ground before the Second World War. The temple itself was built in 1892 on the site where the righteous Sophronius of Iberdsky lived, who in 2000 was declared a saint. His relics have healing power, which is constantly documented by the rector of the temple. Also in the temple there is a miraculous icon "The Hearing One". Not far from the temple there is a miraculous source called Sofroniev. Temple address: Ryazan region, Korablinsky district, pos. Iberdsky.
Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery located within the walls of the Ryazan Kremlin. It was first mentioned in 15th century manuscripts. In 1996, the monastery buildings were transferred to the Orthodox Church, and in 2005 the Patriarch of Moscow decided to resume the activities of the Transfiguration Monastery. The temples of the monastery keep such relics as particles of the relics of Saints Gabriel and Luke Voino-Yasenetsky, as well as the icon "Softening Evil Hearts."
Holy Trinity Monastery was revived in 1995. The oldest church in the monastery is the Holy Trinity Cathedral, built in 1685. In the temples of the monastery, pilgrims worship the holy relics of Saints Gabriel, Theodorite and Meletius, the Martyr Misail and the ancient icons of the Kazan Mother of God and Andrew the First-Called. The address of the monastery: Moscow highway, 10, it is one stop from the railway and bus stations of Ryazan (stop TD "Bars").
Kazan women's monastery was founded in the 16th century and was initially located on the territory of the Kremlin. In 1786 the monastery was moved to the Ascension Church. Together with the monastery, the miraculous icon of the Kazan Mother of God was transferred there. After the revolution, the monastery was destroyed almost to the ground. In 2006, the Patriarch made a decision to open it, and the monastery is currently being revived. The abode is located at: Ryazan, st. Furmanova, 56. You can get to it by trolleybuses No. 10, 3, as well as by bus No. 18, the stop is called "Freedom Square".
Nobility hotel also located within the Ryazan Kremlin and is architectural monument XVII-XIX centuries Remains of ancient cells have been preserved on the first floor of the building. Until the middle of the 20th century, the building was residential, a classic of the Soviet military literature K. M. Simonov.
- The largest building of the Ryazan Kremlin was built on the site where Oleg's princely court was located since 1095. The Ryazan bishops lived in this palace, as well as the house church and the economic services of the Kremlin. Now the building houses exhibition halls, historical expositions and a repository of the Ryazan Kremlin funds.
Cathedral park located next to the Kremlin. Walking along its alleys, you can buy souvenirs to remember your visit to Ryazan, as well as enjoy the beautiful views of the Kremlin. Park address: Yablochkov passage, 9.
Pilgrimage tourism
Ryazan Oblast has long been famous for its ancient monasteries, which are major centers the spiritual life of the country. Thousands of people annually make pilgrimages to Solotchinsky, Nikolo-Cherneevsky, Vyshensky, St. John the Theological and many other monasteries. Many great shrines are kept in monasteries and churches in the Ryazan region.
Also next to them are miraculous springs, in which many hundreds of believers received healing.
How to get to Ryazan from Moscow?
By rail
Both trains passing through Ryazan and electric trains depart from the Kazansky railway station in Moscow. There is also an express train "Sergei Yesenin", which leaves for Ryazan 3-4 times a day. The journey on a regular electric train will take about 3 hours 45 minutes, on the express train it will take only 2 hours 45 minutes.
By road
By car, Ryazan can be reached along the M5 highway in about 3 hours. Also, regular buses from the Vykhino metro station and from the Kazansky railway station in Moscow leave for Ryazan every half hour or hour.
By river transport
For those who are in no hurry and want to combine a visit to Ryazan with river cruise, there are routes river transport passing through this city.
Ryazan railway stations
- Railway station Ryazan-1 meets trains traveling from Moscow to Penza, on Southern Urals and Central Asia... The railroad to Moscow is the only left-hand railroad in Russia, as it was built by the British. Station address: st. Vokzalnaya, 26a. GPS coordinates: N54.63327 E39.71335.
- To the railway station Ryazan 2 trains arrive from Moscow to the southern cities of Russia and Samara. Station address: Dimitrov Square, 1. GPS coordinates: 54 ° 37'42 ″ N 39 ° 42'3 ″ E.
Ryazan bus stations
- "Central" the bus station is located at the address: Moscow highway, 31. GPS coordinates: 54 ° 38′19.4 ″ N 39 ° 40′36.9 ″ E.
- "Prioksky" the bus station is located at the address: Okskoe shosse, 35. GPS coordinates: 54 ° 38'4 ″ N 39 ° 45'54 ″ E.
Ryazan Hotels
"Priokskaya Hotel" located at: st. Seminarskaya, 13. The cost of living is from 1980 rubles / day.
Hotel "Aragon"... Address: st. Kudryavtseva, 25. The cost of living starts from 2000 rubles per day.
Hotel "Peak"... Address: st. Yesenin, 64/32. The cost of living starts from 2000 rubles per day.
Hotel "Love"... Address: st. Nekrasov, 20/1. The cost of living is from 2500 rubles per day.
Hotel "Forum"... Address: Yablochkova proezd, 5e. The cost of living is from 2700 rubles per day.
Hotel "Shore"... Address: s. Glades. The cost of living is from 3000 rubles per day.
Hotel "Lovech" located at: st. Mayakovsky, 1a. The cost of living is from 3500 rubles / day.
Hotel "Stable yard" located a few hundred meters from the Central City Park. Address: Golencheskoe shosse, 13. The cost of living is from 4000 rubles per day.
In addition, we have an article about Ryazan hotels... Pick up not expensive can be on the map:
Ryazan is one of the most amazing cities in Russia, in which the past centuries and the present are closely intertwined. A huge number of attractions attract thousands of tourists every year. Everyone can enjoy the magnificent architectural and historical monuments visiting this oldest city in Russia
Pereyaslavl-Ryazan
The Ryazan Kremlin is the oldest part of the city, the historical, cultural and spiritual center of Ryazan, the historical and architectural museum-reserve under open air, one of the oldest museums in Russia. It is located on a high steep hill surrounded by the Trubezh and Lybedya rivers, as well as a dry moat. An architectural monument and a reserve of federal significance, included in the state register of especially valuable objects of peoples Russian Federation.
The museum-reserve is managed by the federal state cultural institution "Ryazan Kremlin".
Settlements of people on the territory of the Kremlin arose here in the Mesolithic era. Archaeological excavations testify to large settlements on the territory of modern Fefyolovo Bora in Kanishchevo, microdistricts in Borki and Rybatskaya Street.
The Slavs colonized these places already in the 6th-7th century. The closest to the future fortress large Borkovskoe settlement
, located on the Oka Island, was actively engaged in trade with Byzantium, the countries of the East and West.
The second large fortified settlement was settlement Borisov-Glebov
... Later it will become the Pereyaslavl residence of the bishops, and then - Borisoglebskaya square.
Large clusters of settlements in the area, as well as the presence of a large commercial port caused the need to build a fortified city - to protect the population and adjacent territories. This city became Pereyaslavl-Ryazan.
Foundation of the city
The date of foundation of the Pereyaslavl-Ryazan Kremlin is indicated in the Followed Psalter, kept today in the museum-reserve:
In the summer of 6603 (1095), the city of Pereyaslavl in Ryazan was founded near the church of St. Nicholas the Old
- the following psalter of the Elias Church, 1570, p. 378
In the XI century, the Kremlin of Pereyaslavl-Ryazan was a fortified fortress located in the highest, northwestern part of the modern architectural complex, on the site of the Church of the Holy Spirit existing today, with an area of 2 hectares. Around the fortress there were settlements and numerous unfortified settlements in which peasants, fishermen and poor artisans lived. The streets of the city were paved with wood, the courtyards were located close to each other. The prince's tower apparently stood on the site of the modern Spiritual church.
The area around the city was occupied by vast forests, two natural barriers - the Trubezh and Lybed rivers were navigable. There were two lakes on the hill - Bystroye and Karaseva, from where, in case of sieges, they took drinking water... During floods, both rivers, as well as the one flowing near the Oka, overflowed, turning the Kremlin Hill into a full-fledged and impregnable island.
Initially, Pereyaslavl-Ryazan was one of the many fortified fortresses-settlements of the Ryazan principality. After the destruction of the capital of the principality - Ryazan by the Mongol-Tatar army of Batu, in 1285, Archbishop Vasily of Ryazan transferred the episcopal see to Pereyaslavl, and then, in the middle of the 14th century, the capital of the principality was also transferred here.
St. Vasily Ryazansky and Murom, the miracle worker (1295), took care of the Murom flock after the devastation of the region by Batu. However, he was slandered and expelled by the hard-hearted Muromets. When the bishop miraculously sailed along the rapids of the Oka on his mantle with the Murom icon of the Mother of God, the townspeople shed tears of repentance, but the saint had already left them ...
As a sign of veneration for this Muromo-Ryazan Saint, in 1996 (where St. Basil was tonsured), the Church of Vasily of Ryazan was built and consecrated by the Archbishop of Vladimir and Suzdal Eulogius.
Since the 12th century, the city has been growing, gradually occupying the entire territory of the Kremlin Hill. This required a significant expansion of the defensive structures. New wooden walls and towers are being built. The gentle southern slope posed a significant threat to the defense of the city, therefore, in the middle of the 12th century, the construction of a defensive rampart and a moat in front of it began. Until the middle of the 17th century, walls were located on it. Lithuanian chronicles of the XIV century emphasize that main city the principality is located in a "natural place of defense", and its fortifications "give the impression of a capital castle."
Assumption Cathedral
The Assumption Cathedral of the Ryazan Kremlin was built in 1693-1699 by the serf architect Yakov Grigorievich Bukhvostov.
Despite the similarity of the general plan with the Moscow Assumption Cathedral and its traditional features - the three-part western facade, the division of the southern and northern walls into four divisions, five-domed, etc., the architect made a number of innovations that enriched the features of the "Naryshkin style".
The height of the cathedral (without the basement) to the cornice is about 28 m, 31 m wide and 45 m long, and with galleries 41 m wide and 56 m long, and the width of the walls is up to 2.4 meters. The grandiose structure was built in seven years and is decorated with lace white stone carving, rare for its age.
A large brick six-pillar five-domed cathedral on the basement. The walls of the unplastered building, cut through by three rows of windows, are decorated with rich white stone decor in the spirit of Naryshkin Baroque. Closed approx. 1929, transferred to the jurisdiction of the museum. Since 1992, it has been jointly used by the museum and the diocese, in 2008 it was completely transferred to the diocese.
Chandelier of the Assumption Cathedral
The central part of the iconostasis
Painting of the inner column of the Assumption Cathedral
Carved white stone window decoration of the western facade
Fragment of the carved white-stone decor of the external semi-column
Portal of the Assumption Cathedral
Southern portal
Painting of the vault of the Assumption Cathedral
Detail of white stone carving under the apse window
The interior of the Assumption Cathedral
Royal Doors of the Assumption Cathedral
Shrine of the Assumption Cathedral
The main Ryazan shrine was considered the miraculous Theodot'evskaya icon of the Mother of God, which appeared in 1487 in a field near the village of Feodot'evo, near Spassk. In honor of this icon, celebrations were held annually on July 2.
Another miraculous icon of the Mother of God - Murom - is more ancient. This icon was blessed by St. Blgv.kn. Constantine of Murom (Yaroslav before Holy Baptism), his father Svyatoslav, Grand Duke of Kiev, grandson of the Holy Equal-to-Apostle Grand Duke. Vladimir to reign and spread Christianity in the Muromo-Ryazan region. Before this icon St. Basil, Bishop of Ryazan, when in 1288 he sailed from Ryazan (old) to Pereyaslavl-Ryazan. In ancient inventories, the icon is called “the prayer of St. Basil ".
There was also a very revered ancient image of St. John the Baptist.
By the 15th century, a fortified city was being built near the city. Prison... Then the stone construction begins. The first building was the Assumption Cathedral, which has survived to this day in a rebuilt form under the name Nativity of Christ.
Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ
... The turn of the XVI-XVII centuries.
Brick temple, built at the turn of the XVI-XVII centuries. on the site of the old white stone and later overhauled. Originally a two-pillar five-domed building. Originally Uspensky, from 1753 Nativity of Christ. The refectory was built in 1753, the western portico in 1826, the drum with a dome in 1873-1874. Closed in 1929, in the 2nd half. XX century. busy with the regional archive. Returned to believers in 2002
Winter Church at the Assumption Cathedral. In the XIV-XV centuries. - the tomb of the Ryazan princes.
In the left choir of the cathedral are the relics of St. Basil of Ryazan.
Commemorative marble cross dedicated to St. Vasily Ryazansky near the Nativity of Christ Cathedral
Kremlin hill, rampart and moat
The Kremlin hill is of natural origin, surrounded by two rivers on three sides - Trubezh and Lybed. On the fourth side, there is a man-made dry moat dug by city dwellers in the 13th century. The moat could fill with water and connect both rivers, thus forming a continuous water ring around the hill.
The Kremlin shaft was built from the soil dug for the ditch. The current length of the shaft: 290 meters, the current height: 18 meters from the outer bottom and 8 meters from the side of Verkhneilinskaya street near the Kremlin. Until the 18th century, defensive walls and towers were located at its top. Two other ramparts were located on the territory of the fortified Ostrog, adjacent to the Kremlin. They were completely demolished during the reconstruction of the city in the 18th - 19th centuries.
During the Great Patriotic War one of the points of the city's air defense was located on the rampart, and at its foot there was an artillery school, which worked almost until May 1945.
Kremlin Val Street is named after this defensive structure.
Walls and towers
The entire period of its existence, the Ryazan Kremlin was made of wood. In the 16th century, the first stone tower was built - Glebovskaya, which was located on the site of the modern Cathedral bell tower. The city walls were made of solid oak forest, encircling the entire territory of the Kremlin Hill. The top of the walls ended in a "break-off" - a platform covered with a plank, protruding significantly outward - which made it difficult for the attackers to take the walls. This site also housed city defenders and patrols, who could freely move along the wall from tower to tower.
The city walls were supported by 12 towers, the names of some of them have not survived:
1. Glebovskaya tower (with Glebovskie gates) - got its name in honor of its location: it looked at the small fortified fortress Borisov-Glebov, which was the residence of the Ryazan bishops.
The tower was made of stone, with an open area on which hung a milestone bell weighing 11 pounds. On the second floor of the tower there was a gate chapel, in which the image of the Mother of God Odigitria was located, which was later transferred to the Ilyinsky temple.
2. Spasskaya Tower - was named in honor of the non-hand-made image of the Savior that was in it, then transferred to the Cathedral of the Savior-on-Yar.
3. The Secret Tower (with the Secret Gate) - it was so called because of the secret passage, which was used to take water from Trubezh during the sieges.
4. Dukhovskaya tower - located on the territory of the Dukhovsky monastery.
5. Ipat Tower (with the Ipat Gate)
6. Tower number 6
7. Tower number 7
8. Tower number 8
9. All-Saints Tower
10. Ryazan Tower (Ryazan Gate) - looked at the "Ryazan side". The Bolshoi Ryazan tract, leading to Ryazan, began at the foot of the tower.
11. Vvedenskaya tower
12. Tower number 12
The wooden walls fell into disrepair by the 18th century, and were demolished when the Catherine's urban planning plan was approved after 1778.
Gates and bridges
By the 15th century, the fortified Ostrog was located next to the Kremlin, in which the poorer urban estates, as well as artisans, lived. The Kremlin and Ostrog were connected by the only drawbridge Glebovsky bridge - during the sieges, the bridge rose to the walls. The modern stone Glebovsky Bridge was built in the 18th century, simultaneously with the construction of the Cathedral Bell Tower. Today it connects the territory of the Cathedral Park with the Kremlin.
Glebovsky bridge. XVIII century
Bell tower. 1789 - 1840 Architects: S.A. Vorotylov, I.F. Russko, K.A. Ton, N.I. Voronikhin.
The foundation of the bell tower was laid in 1789 on the site of the former Gleb tower of the defensive belt of the Ryazan Kremlin. The bell tower of the Ryazan Kremlin has a total height of 83.2 meters. It is used for ringing by two Ryazan cathedrals: the summer Assumption cathedral and the winter Nativity of Christ cathedral.
In the XIII-XVIII centuries, the time of the maximum development of the Kremlin, there were four gates on its territory, built into the towers and leading to four main directions from the city: Glebovskie gates (Glebovskaya tower) - Ostrog, Bolshoi Moscow tract Secret gates (Secret tower) - Ipatskie city pier gate (Ipat tower) - Vladimirsky tract Ryazan gate (Ryazan tower) - Bolshoi Ryazan tract
In addition to the Glebovsky bridge, there were two more under the walls of the Kremlin, leading through the Lybed - next to the Ipat and Ryazan gates. All bridges were wide, made of bog oak with railings.
Then the Archangel Cathedral was built.
Cathedral of the Archangel (XV-XVII centuries) - the cathedral was built as a princely house church and at the same time - the burial vault of the Ryazan bishops and metropolitans. 22 burials are located in the cathedral, among them - a famous religious and public figure, associate of Peter the Great and President of the Holy Synod Stefan Yavorsky.
A small brick, one-domed, three-pillar, three-apse temple. Initially it had Borisoglebskiy and Prince Vladimirskiy side-chapels, later abolished. Rebuilt repeatedly last time- in 1865. At the present time he is occupied with the exposition of the church art of the Ryazan museum.
The Kremlin is surrounded by a chain of defensive near and far outposts: Borisoglebskaya fortress, Trinity, Solotchinsky, Poshupovsky and Epiphany monasteries. By this time, the Kremlin, like Pereyaslavl itself, became the starting point of a large notch line of the Russian state.
By the 16th century, settlements appeared around the fortified city - Upper, Lower and Torgovy, where there was a lively handicraft activity and trade. Outside the city and Ostrog there were settlements: Chernoposadskaya, Vladychnaya, Zatinnaya, Streletskaya, Yamskaya, Vypolzova.
The life of the wealthiest urban estates was concentrated inside the Kremlin. Outside the walls were the courtyard of the Pereyaslavl governor, the courtyard and chambers of the archbishop, and the diocesan office. Next to them were stables, a cooper's workshop, malting chambers, a mill, and warehouses. Directly behind the stone Gleb tower, located on the site of the modern Cathedral bell tower, there was the Order of Investigations, the city prison, gunpowder and armory chambers. Inside the Kremlin walls, there were also 3 monasteries: the Spassky Monastery, the Yavlensky Women's and Dukhovskoy Monastery, 9 churches, 3 cemeteries, food warehouses, more than two hundred courtyards. One of them was the courtyard that belonged to the grandfather of Peter I - Kirill Poluekovich Naryshkin. The Torgovy Posad was located under the eastern wall of the city, and the ship port and Rybatskaya Sloboda under the western one. The fortress was surrounded by numerous orchards. From the second half of the 17th century, stone construction has been predominant in the Kremlin. The Bishops' Chambers are significantly increasing in size. The Singing and Consistory buildings, the Epiphany Church with a bell tower are under construction. At the same time, a new Assumption Cathedral was being laid, since the old one ceased to accommodate everyone. The new cathedral was built by 1692 - however, due to errors in calculations, it collapsed overnight. In 1693, Yakov Bukhvostov began construction of the building. He managed to build a cathedral twice as tall as the previous one, with luxurious carvings, huge domes and a wide gulbisch, which became the most grandiose building in Russia in the 17th century.
In the 18th century, as a result of the expansion of the Russian Empire, the country's borders move deeply from the Ryazan Kremlin and the serif line. Military construction in Pereyaslavl is gradually fading away, yielding to the flourishing of civil architecture. The wooden walls and towers of the Kremlin, in the absence of proper maintenance, are gradually falling into disrepair.
In 1778, as a result of the administrative-territorial reforms of Catherine II, Pereyaslavl-Ryazan was renamed Ryazan, and in 1796 it became the center of the Ryazan province. At the same time, the capital of the new land received a general development plan with clear, regular, geometrically correct shapes of streets and squares. The dilapidated walls and towers of the Kremlin were demolished, like many other buildings. Administrative, secular, commercial and cultural life the city concentrated in new centers. However, the Kremlin continues to be actively reconstructed and built up.
In 1789, the construction of the Cathedral bell tower of the Assumption Cathedral began, it was reconstructed and rebuilt, acquiring the modern features of the Nativity of Christ Cathedral. Up to late XIX century there were numerous restructuring of the Bishops' Palace. River port on Trubezh continued to be the main port facility of the city. A stone church is being built at Spassky Yar.
On June 15, 1884, by the decision of the Provincial Accounting Archive Commission, the Ryazan Historical Museum was created, which later became a modern historical and architectural museum-reserve.
In 1895, on Ilyinsky Square, next to the Kremlin, as part of the celebration of the 800th anniversary of Ryazan, Cathedral Boulevard was broken and the Triumphal Arch appeared.
Since 1964, the city planetarium and traveling museum exhibitions began to work in the Assumption Cathedral. Many buildings are transferred by an administrative institution - a state regional archive appears in the Nativity of Christ Cathedral and the Church of the Epiphany, the Spiritual Church is occupied by a museum library, Ilyinsky Church is being rebuilt as a scientific lecture hall.
In 1968, by order of the Ministry of Culture of the USSR, the Ryazan Kremlin became a historical and architectural museum-reserve with a special protection status.
Transfiguration Cathedral ... 1702 g.
Transfiguration Cathedral (XVII century) - the main cathedral of the former Spassky Monastery. Built with the money of the Ryazan merchant M. Nemchinov. The windows of the building are decorated with carved white-stone platbands of the "Naryshkin" style, and in the lower part of the building there is a belt of highly artistic colored polychrome tiles.
Epiphany Church. 1647 g.
Epiphany Church (XVII century) - the second church of the former Spassky Monastery. The building is located close to the monastery wall, next to the Holy Gates. It was built presumably by the architect V. Zubov on the site of an older white-stone church of the 16th century, destroyed by a fire in 1647.
The Kremlin is the oldest part of the city of Ryazan. It was at this place in 1095 that Pereyaslavl Ryazansky was founded, which in 1778 was renamed to its current name. The location for the construction was perfect. The Ryazan Kremlin is located on a high platform with an area of 26 hectares and the shape of an irregular quadrangle, surrounded on three sides by rivers. And the traces of an ancient settlement found here date back generally to one thousand years BC.
A bit of history
Pereyaslavl, according to the assumptions of archaeologists, was founded on the shore of Lake Bystry, in the northern part of the hill. This has been proven with the most modern technology. Then it began to develop rapidly and by the 14th century it already occupied the entire Kremlin hill. The reason is very simple: by the end of the 13th century, the city changed its status, became the capital city of the principality, since Ryazan, which had such a rank before, was repeatedly destroyed during the Mongol-Tatar raids. Pereyaslavl, as the history of the Ryazan Kremlin says, very quickly went beyond the hill and expanded noticeably to the west and south.
And the Kremlin itself remained the most fortified, central part of the city and was a very powerful fortress with a system traditional for Russia. On the only side, southwest, not protected by rivers, a ditch was dug, and a rampart was poured along the entire perimeter. Fortress wooden walls with 12 towers were erected on it. The gates of the Gleb Tower were the main gates and looked towards Moscow. In the 18th century, Pereyaslavl lost its significance as an outpost in the south of Russia, and most of the military structures were demolished. To our time, only a fragment of a rampart 300 meters long and a ditch in the southwestern part have remained.
Further development of the Kremlin
For a relatively long time, the Ryazan Kremlin was built up of wood. And only at the beginning of the 15th century, from white stone, not far from the prince's court, the citywide Cathedral of the Assumption Cathedral was erected. And in the second half of the 17th century, Pereyaslavl saw the heyday of stone architecture.
In the place where the princely palace complex was previously located, the builders erected a whole ensemble consisting of many civil structures: a number of economic and administrative buildings, including a barrel house, a smithy, the Consistorsky and Singing buildings, the bishop's living chambers, which were later named “ Oleg's Palace ”. In the next, 18th century, these possessions were surrounded by a stone fence and several gates were erected. At present, a fragment of one of them can be observed near the Consistory building.
Monasteries of Pereyaslavl and Cathedral Square
In ancient times, there were two monasteries on this territory - both for men. In the south - Spassky, the most ancient, in the north-east - Dukhovsky. For a long time on the territory of the first there was a city, very rich, cemetery. In the 40s of the last century, it was liquidated, leaving two burials in memory for the heirs:
And in 1959, the grave of a prominent Russian poet who lived in the 19th century was moved there from near Ryazan. The most important place Pereyaslavl was Cathedral Square, on the territory of which were located: clerks - the main institutions of the city administration, powder chambers and a prison yard.
Ryazan Kremlin in the late 19th - early 20th century
By the 19th century, this site gradually lost its central importance. The secularization of the church lands was carried out, and after that the bishop's economy was significantly reduced. By the end of the 18th century, the city center was removed from the Kremlin, and since then revival has been observed here only on various religious holidays.
The rest of the time - a quiet and calm suburb. But at the beginning of the 20th century, thanks to the activities of the scientific and cultural urban community, as well as local researchers, the Ryazan Kremlin began to acquire the status of one of the main and important historical sites of the region. By the 800th anniversary of the city, in 1895, this place became the center for grandiose celebrations. In 1914, in Oleg's Palace, a museum of church antiquities was opened - the Old Storage, and in 1923, already in Soviet times, the provincial art and history museum.
These historical sites are now
The Ryazan Kremlin Museum-Reserve began a new stage in 1968, when the local authorities formed an architectural and historical complex here. In addition to the territory of ancient Pereyaslavl, it includes all the architectural and defensive structures of the past centuries that have survived to those days.
The area itself was put in order, some of the buildings were restored and turned into museums. Today, this ensemble, together with the picturesque landscape and the most beautiful ancient Russian architecture, adequately represents not only the regional center, the city of Ryazan, but is one of the decorations and pride of all of Russia.
Assumption Cathedral
Every year, many tourists come to these places to get to know a little about the past of their country, foreigners - to get to know part Russian history... So, the central monument here is the Assumption Cathedral of the Ryazan Kremlin, which we have already mentioned briefly. It was built by Yakov Grigorievich Bukhvostov, the largest architect, in the years 1693-1699. The cathedral was built as a summer cathedral, but it turned out to be a grandiose structure, which in its dimensions, 1600 square meters of area and 72 meters in height, surpassed most of the buildings of that time.
The architectural style of the building is the Naryshkin Baroque, which is a magnificent example of the organic synthesis of icon painting, sculpture and architecture. For example, the carving on white stone of platbands and portals has no analogues. Seven tiers of icons with a total height of 27 meters were made by a student and follower Nikolai Solomonov. The carving of the iconostasis, made by Sergei Khristoforov, is also distinguished by exceptional artistic merit. The columns are made from one tree trunk each. During the summer, the cathedral is open to the public. It even hosts divine services. In 2008, it ceased to be a museum and was transferred to the local diocese.
Glebovsky bridge and ramparts
Considering the cathedrals of the Ryazan Kremlin, one cannot fail to mention the Nativity of Christ, which contains the relics of St. Basil of Ryazan, the bishop, as well as the tomb of local princesses: Sophia, the daughter of Dmitry Donskoy, and the sister of Ivan the third, Anna. On the territory of the Kremlin there is a stone Glebovsky bridge, which was built to the Bell Tower in the 18th century. It has an arched design. Earlier in its place there was a wooden bridge made of oak, with a railings and connecting the main part of the city with Ostrog.
As soon as the threat of external attacks disappeared, it was replaced by a stone one. From the south-west of the Kremlin hill there is another defensive structure of antiquity - an earthen rampart. Its length is 290 meters, all that is left. Earlier, before the 18th century, it had wooden walls and towers. And behind it was a moat filled with water and up to seven meters deep. And although now the rampart is less high and shallow, it still rises imposingly and proudly above the surrounding territory.
Oleg's palace
If you decide to visit the Ryazan Kremlin, the excursions will help you more comfortably and familiarize yourself with all interesting places... You will certainly be shown, for example, the largest civil building in terms of area - Oleg's Palace, which was erected on the site where the princely court was originally located. There used to be chambers of local bishops, their household services, brotherly cells and a home church. The building area is 2530 square meters.
It has three floors, which were not built all at once, but in stages. In the middle of the 17th century, the architect Yu. K. Ershov built the first two, and at the end of the same century, the architect GL Mazukhin built the third. In 1780, the length of the building was increased by the architect J. I. Schneider, thanks to an extension to the eastern part. And in the next century, the provincial architect S. A. Shchetkin completely rebuilt it. It turned out to be a very beautiful building with a baroque pediment, colored platbands and terem windows. Since then, it has become known as Oleg's Palace.
Singing body
Studying the museums of the Ryazan Kremlin, one cannot but pay attention to the architectural monument of the mid-17th century - the Singing Building. Built by the architect Yu. K. Ershov, it got its name from the training of singers conducted here. Although, in fact, the main purpose of the building is different. These were living quarters for the treasurer and housekeeper, bishops. At the end of the building there was a reception room for the housekeeper, which had its own separate entrance. The building is rectangular, two-storey, sustained in architectural style that time.
Thanks to the porch, made in the style of architecture ancient Russia, has a special elegant look. On the vaults and walls, including in the reception room of the housekeeper, beautiful painting has been fragmentally preserved. Now in this building there is a museum exposition called "According to the custom of the grandfather", which tells about the holidays and everyday life of the Russian people of those times. Many more interesting things are located on the territory of the Ryazan Kremlin. Spend time on inspection, and then there will be something to remember for a long time.
