Shelikhov Grigory Ivanovich “Ros Shelikhov without troops, without thundering forces Inflow to America through stormy depths And conquered a new region to her and to God” Shelikhov GI (Rylsk, Kursk province, 1747–1795), Russian merchant, navigator, founder of the first settlements in Russian America. G.I.Shelikhov

On December 11, 7255, the founder of Russian America, the creator of the Russian-American Trade Campaign, the first person who began to explore Alaska, Grigory Shelekhov, was born.

Russian navigator, founder of Alaska, Grigory Ivanovich Shelikhov

An outstanding Russian navigator, merchant, traveler Shelikhov was born on Christmas Eve, on Christmas Eve, December 24, 1747 in a new style, in the Siberian city of Rylsk. The ancient Rylsk family of the Shelekhovs traces its ancestry from time immemorial and was engaged in gold mining and fur animals, recorded in the house book of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich in 1621 and for the transformation of the Rylsk fortress into the richest trading region in the South-West of Russia, Peter I granted this family personalized gilded ladles with donations inscriptions. One of Peter's ladles in the form of a Russian boat was inherited by Grigory Shelikhov, which he kept as a relic, which probably prompted him to travel by sea.

The Ryl merchants maintained close business ties with Siberian tradesmen, and in 1773, at the age of 26, Grigory went to establish business contacts in Irkutsk, where he was registered to serve as a clerk for the merchant Golikov. Two years later, having built a house, he married in 1775 the young widow of a wealthy merchant, Natalya Alekseevna, but the next year they went with her to Okhotsk, where they developed an independent vigorous activity to organize an expedition to the shores of America to hunt fur animals there. At that time he simply did not know about gold and oil in Alaska.

Already in 1776, Grigory Shelikhov sent his first ship for a fur-bearing animal, and from that moment until 1783, ten naval campaigns are known, in which an energetic and enterprising Russian merchant from Rylsk took part.

Shelekhov

Grigory Ivanovich Shelikhov - Russian navigator, founder of Russian America, founder of the Russian-American Trade Company, the first person who began to explore Alaska, "Tradition", was born on December 11December

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Other names:, Grigory Ivanovich.

And in 1777 Shelekhov went on an expedition to the Kuril Islands. During his expeditions in the Bering Strait, many new Islands were discovered, one of which was named after his storming of Pribilov.

USSR stamp. Shelikhov. Harbor of Three Saints, Kodiak, Alaska. Russian America

So that other Powers do not have time to annex the fertile lands and take possession of the open to them advantageous islands For the extraction of fur, a Russian merchant himself on the Sea of ​​Okhotsk creates a shipyard for the construction of ships, and builds three more ships. And already in the summer of next year, on August 16, 1783 Shelikhov with ships"Three saints: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian and John Chrysostom", “Saint Simeon and“ God-Receiver ”and“ Anna the Prophetess ”and“ Saint Michael. ”Is heading to the shores of America to establish a Russian fortress there.

On the ships equipped by Shelikhov there were more than 200 people of "working people" - sailors, hunters and hunters, supplies of corned beef and barrels of cabbage.

But together with Shelikhov, his wife Natalya Alekseevna with two children set off on a long voyage. Like Bering's wife Anna, Natalya Alekseevna decided to share with her husband all the hardships of sea navigation in the harsh, little-studied northern latitudes of the Quiet Ocean. But the Pacific Ocean was not so quiet, in honor of which Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was named the Quietest.

Natalya Alekseevna clearly demonstrated her extraordinary nature during a joint trip with her husband to the shores of North America. On August 16, 1783, she left the mouth of the Urak River, located about 20 km from the main Russian Far Eastern port of that era - Okhotsk, on three ships - commercial and fishing galiots. He himself was on the ship "Three Saints: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian and John Chrysostom" together with Natalia Alekseevna, who, according to him, "everywhere with me wanted to follow me and endure all the difficulties." During this trip, the Shelikhovs had a daughter, Avdotya.

Trapped in the ice, the expedition spent a harsh winter on desert island, living directly on ships and only in the Spring of 1785, the ships of the Three Saints, St. Michael, Anna the prophetess docked at Kodiak Island, passing the Bering Strait. Here Shelikhov with his wife and team founded a permanent Russian settlement. Having fortified on Kodiak and having thoroughly studied the coast and inland regions of the island, they began to explore and develop the coast of the American continent inland and adjacent islands, establishing friendly trade mutually beneficial relations with local residents.

On the coast and on the islands, the arrived Russian entrepreneurs settled down, built fortresses with St. Andrew's flags, put Orthodox crosses for themselves in churches, and everyone already understood that this was serious and these territories belonged to the Russians.

Along with the study of the new land, its economic and cultural development was carried out, the foundation was laid for agriculture and cattle breeding. On the island of Kodiak, GI Shelikhov set up a parish school for the children of local residents, in which they learned Russian literacy.

During his two years in Kodiak, Shelikhov firmly established himself in the north of the American Continent, now separated from Russia by the Bering Strait. But it was time to think about the cases left in Siberia, about securing their rights with the Siberian administration, about the official recognition of Alaska, Kodiak and other islands adjacent to them as Russian possessions.

And in the spring of the next year, on May 22, 1786, Shelikhov went to his native shores. In January of the following year, he arrived in Okhotsk, three months later - in Irkutsk. Here he presented the Irkutsk Governor-General Jacobi with a description of his journey, a map of the explored lands and plans for fortresses erected to protect against the possible seizure of the colony he founded. The Governor reported this to St. Petersburg, and Shelikhov was summoned to the Capital.

Shelikhov's services to the Fatherland were undeniable. Catherine II reacted very favorably to Shelekhov's undertakings and it was proposed to equip Far East two more expeditions, and Shelikhov himself was awarded diamonds, a sword and a diploma, which allowed him to continue the work begun on the development of new territories and their annexation to Russia.

In St. Petersburg, the founder of Russian America was a frequent visitor to the house of A.E. Polevoy, father of the famous writer, publisher and editor of the Moscow Telegraph magazine Nikolai Polevoy. The house of A.E. Polevoy, a man of exceptional energy and enterprise, who lived in Siberia for forty years, was known as one of the most cultured and hospitable houses; it was visited by all travelers, all celebrities who visited Irkutsk, right up to the ambassadors who traveled to China.

Returning to Irkutsk, Shelikhov develops a vigorous activity. He asks for state support for his enterprise, develops plans to establish trade relations with Japan, China, India, the Philippines and other countries. He has bold plans to explore Siberia, the basins of the Pacific and Arctic oceans. From Irkutsk Shelikhov leads the life of Alaska, where his people at that time mastered more and more territories. In 1790-1794, with the participation of Shelikhov, several more merchant companies were organized, thanks to which the largest and most famous Russian-American trading company was created in 1799. Now Russia bears the flag of this company.

In 1789, GI Shelikhov's book entitled "Russian merchant Grigory Shelikhov wandering from 1783 to 1787 from Okhotsk across the Eastern Ocean to the American shores and his return to Russia" was published in St. Petersburg.

Illustration for Shelikhov's book "Russian merchant, eminent Ryl citizen Grigory Shelikhov, his first wandering from 1783 to 1787 from Okhotsk along the Eastern Ocean to the American shores." The poems under the picture are written by M.V. Lomonosov. Shelekhov

Therefore, having caused such interest, in the midst of his ebullient activity, at the age of only 48, Grigory Ivanovich Shelikhov suddenly died on July 20, 1795 in Irkutsk, where he was buried.

In the city on the Angara near the Znamensky Monastery, a pyramidal monument stands on the grave of the brave Russian traveler.

In the will of GI Shelikhov it was signed to the city of Rylsk to issue 30 thousand rubles for the development of the city.

Therefore, in his homeland in the city of Rylsk, at his insistence, Shelikhov's hospital and the Ascension Church were built on which Shelikhov's board was installed. Named after the merchant Shelekhov: A bay in the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, a strait separating Kodiak Island from the Alaska Peninsula, Largest lake Alaska, the main harbor of the Russian city of Alaska and the bay on Kruzov Island. Over time, not far from Irkutsk, a new industrial city of Shelikhov, built with money from the Russian - American Campaign, grew up. And secondary school No. 1 in the homeland of the navigator and entrepreneur, the city of Rylsk, bears his Name, as well as one of the streets.

On July 20, 1895, the city of Rylsk celebrated the centenary of the death of its outstanding compatriot. On this day, flags were hung on public buildings and houses of townspeople,. A solemn meeting of the City Duma took place, at which a report on the life and work of Shelikhov was heard. The State Duma, at the request of the Russian Geographical Society and the Russian Economic Society, decided to build a monument to the great navigator Shelekhov in Rylsk.

Shelikhov's grave in Irkutsk with a cross - modern look.

Its opening took place on 24 August 1903. On the monument, cast from the old naval cannons of his ships, G.I.Shelikhov is depicted at full height in a noble uniform with a gold medal around his neck and with a sword. On the pedestal there are the words: "Swam the seas, discovered unknown seas."

The monument was erected on cathedral square in front of the entrance to the city garden. Funds for it were collected through an all-Russian subscription.

Shelikhov's grave in Irkutsk without a cross in the USSR

The opening of the monument was significant not only for Rylsk, but also for the whole of Russia. The Russian Geographical Society sent its representative, the secretary of the society, A. A. Dostoevsky, to the celebration. The opening of the monument was reported in the provincial and capital press.

The great Russian poet Gabriel Derzhavin dedicated his poems to the navigator Shelikhov:

"Columbus is buried here Rossky,
Having sailed the seas, he discovered unknown countries,
And in vain that everything in the world is decay,
Sent his sail into the heavenly ocean -
Search for mountain treasures, unearthly ... "

These words are engraved on the monument to Shelikhov in Irkutsk, on his grave:
And on the other side of the monument is a poetic epitaph by another author - the poet Ivan Dmitriev:

"As kingdoms fell at the feet of Catherine,
Ross Shelikhov without troops, without thundering forces
Inflow to America through the stormy depths
And conquered a new area to Her and to God.
Do not forget, descendant,
That Ross - your ancestor - was loud in the east too.
Passer-by, honor the ashes in this coffin.

Monument to Shelikhov in Rylsk

The interest in the ebullient activity of the “Russian Columbus” still does not subside, both in Russia and abroad. In 1990, the East Siberian Book Publishing House published Sitnikov's book "Grigory Shelikhov". and I am sure that this is not the last book exploring the life of a wonderful Russian man with a capital letter, entrepreneur and navigator Grigory Ivanovich Shelekhov.

Even during the life of G.I. Shelikhov's wedding on January 24, 1795 took place his 14-year-old daughter Anna with 30-year-old Nikolai Petrovich Rezanov, the son of the chairman of the Irkutsk court of conscience Peter Gavrilovich Rezanov. Since childhood, Nikolai Petrovich was enrolled in the Izmailovsky Life Guards regiment, and at the age of 20 he was promoted to the rank of army captain. A few years later, he switched to civilian service, served in the St. Petersburg Treasury Chamber, in the Military Collegium, in the Admiralty Collegium. His excellent service was marked in 1791 by the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1792, in the department of the Cabinet of Her Imperial Majesty, he served under the command of Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin, and in January 1794 he was sent from the favorite of the Empress, Count Platon Zubov "with the named dispatches to Irkutsk by courier" to the Irkutsk Governor-General. Both matchmaking and engagement took place there.

Apparently, at first, Natalya Alekseevna did not really trust the business qualities of her son-in-law. Favorable to her, influential Nikita Nikitovich Demidov wrote to her at the end of 1795: "And he, your son-in-law, is not like that, it seems, a fool, as you describe him.".

But in the course of joint efforts to defend the interests of the widow and her children in terms of inheriting the Shelikhov company and creating a monopoly Russian-American company (RAC), Natalya Alekseevna, most likely, changed her mind. N.P. After the death of the empress, who did not favor the idea of ​​creating a monopoly trading company in the Pacific North, and the occupation of the throne by Paul I, Rezanov managed to defend the interests of the Shelikhov clan. It seems that it was his merit that after the establishment of a single RAC and the granting of significant rights and privileges to it, the imperial decree determined that a representative of the Shelikhov family must necessarily be one of the four directors of the company.

On December 2, 1799, the supreme rule in St. Petersburg over the RAC, according to the decree of Paul I, passed to N.P. Rezanov, who became the main confidant of the company at the court in St. Petersburg. Apparently, N.P. Rezanov in that in November 1797 a decree was issued on the elevation of "the widow and children of citizen Shelikhov for the merits of her husband and father into the nobility, giving them the right to trade."

But closer to Shelikhov's wife, Natalya Alekseevna, the second son-in-law is the Veliky Ustyug merchant Mikhail Matveyevich Buldakov, one of the richest and most famous fur dealers (later a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, court counselor). He was a capable organizer, participated in the preparation of several circumnavigation, including the 1st Russian round the world expedition I.F. Kruzenshtern and Yu.F. Lisyansky, after receiving news of its successful implementation in 1806, he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th degree. Probably, the commercial experience of M.M. Buldakova helped Natalya Alekseevnev a lot in the first years after her husband's death in streamlining the affairs of the company and in creating conditions for gaining strong positions in the newly established RAC, where exactly M.M. Buldakov was one of the chief directors for over twenty years.

Buldakov was a well-known book lover, his library, considerable at that time, was partially preserved in the funds of the Veliky Ustyug Museum of Local Lore. In 1814 Japanese books were received from him in the collections of the Imperial Public Library.

Natalya Alekseevna's sons-in-law got along well with each other. Historians believe that Rezanov trusted Buldakov as himself. He left his children to him (his wife Anna had died by that time), leaving in 1803 on a voyage around the world.
Natalya Alekseevna died in 1810 at the age of 48. Buried in Moscow at the cemetery of the Donskoy Monastery

After the formation of the RAC, Russian influence on west coast North America strengthened and spread to new areas. New, Russian, settlements appeared on the coast of Alaska, and then in its interior regions. The active study and development of this remote region of the Russian Empire continued.

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Eternal Memory to the Discoverers and Founders of the Russian Lands! Happy Birthday Old Style Shelekhov!

NS Elikhov (Shelekhov) Grigory Ivanovich (25 ... 30.I.1749 - 22 (31) .VII.1795) - merchant, navigator, one of the founders of Russian America.

Grigory Ivanovich Shelikhov was born in 1747 in the district town of Rylsk, Kursk province, in the family of a small merchant.

The boy learned his initial reading and writing from a sexton. At the age of eleven, at the insistence of his father, Gregory dropped out of school and stood behind the counter. He spent fourteen long years in the ryl storage shed. During the plague epidemic in 1770, he lost his mother and younger brother.

In 1772 G.I. Shelikhov moved to Kursk and then to Siberia. In 1773 he appeared in Okhotsk as a salesman for the Vologda merchant M. Okonishnikov. After some time, he moved to the service of his fellow countryman - the Kursk merchant I.L. Golikov. Cooperation with the rich and influential Golikov helped him to firmly stand on his feet. This was especially facilitated by his profitable marriage in 1775.

Over the next eight years, Shelikhov has been involved in the activities of ten fishing companies. His fortune and influence are growing. I.L. Golikov, whose clerk he remained until 1781, treated him with increasing respect. Finally, they become full partners, and Grigory Ivanovich sets off on his famous voyage to the shores of America. The expedition was organized by the American Northeastern Company, created by I.L. Golikov, M.S. Golikov and G.I. Shelikhov. In 1783, three galiots were built and equipped: "Three Saints", "St. Simeon the God-Receiver and Anna the Prophetess "," St. Archangel Michael ". Moreover, one ship was built by Shelikhov exclusively at his own expense. Almost two hundred workers were hired. The command of the ships was entrusted to experienced sailors - G.G. Izmailov, D.I. Bocharov, V. Olesov. The flotilla set off on its way to the shores of Alaska, to the Aleutian Islands and to some other western territories of the Pacific coast of America on August 16, 1783. Natalya Alekseevna Shelikhova and their 4-year-old son Mikhail set off with her husband on a difficult journey. The expedition was successful. Having landed in 1784 on about. Kodiak - the largest of the Aleutian Islands, Shelikhov founded the first permanent Russian settlement with a fortress, thanks to which Alaska became part of Russia. There he taught the local population crafts and agriculture, opened a school for Aleut children, carried out a versatile research work on the study of new lands, compiled detailed inventories and maps.

In May 1786, Grigory Ivanovich sailed back to Okhotsk, carrying with him furs worth 56,000 rubles. Returning to Russia, Shelikhov immediately got involved in the work - he conducts business correspondence with the salesmen, checks the documentation, draws up a report to Governor-General I.V. Jacobi, sends a report on his achievements and a map of the voyage to I.L. Golikov. Setting sail as a junior companion of respectable merchants, he returned as a confident man, with a firm intention to take matters into his own hands. In a note addressed to I.V. Jacobi, he unfolds a wide plan of the company's activities under his, Jacobi, patronage: with permanent settlements in America, with his own armed forces numbering up to 100 people, with sending Orthodox priests to colonies, with the right to bring aborigines into citizenship, to start "arable farming, factories and factories."

In 1788 I.L. Golikov and Shelikhov go to St. Petersburg with a petition in the tsar's name to apply for privileges and a state loan for their company. Consideration of the project "Golikov and Communists" continued in the capital from February to September 1788. Catherine II reacted sharply to the project. She did not like the monopoly claims of the partners; she also argued that “much spreading in the Pacific will not bring solid benefits. To trade is another matter, to take possession of it is another matter. " She had no time for America at all - there was another war with Turkey. The "monarch's mercy" ultimately affected only in the awarding of companions with gold medals, silver swords and letters of commendation.

However, although Shelikhov's projects were rejected, his position after his visit to the Court strengthened a lot. He became famous. Many businessmen from the capital did not hesitate to provide him with solid loans. In Irkutsk, he built himself a new house in the most prestigious area of ​​the city. In his native Rylsk, he also started construction on a site belonging to him. Every spring, since 1789, he now makes trips to Okhotsk on business of sea fishing, leaving everything in Irkutsk in the care of his wife. Displaying extraordinary resourcefulness, he does his best to attract capable people to the service of the company.

The last years of G.I. Shelikhov were filled with vigorous activity. He regularly sends expeditions to the American shores, fights competitors, surviving them from the fishing grounds. In 1790-1791 I.L. Golikov and Shelikhov established the North-East, Unalashkinskaya and Predtechenskaya companies in order to expand the field. In 1791 he undertook the publication of his book, in which he told about all the details of the two-year voyage and about what he saw in the Aleutian Islands. For the first time, it described in detail the flora and fauna, as well as the life and customs of the Aleuts, Eskimos and Indians, illuminated almost all aspects of their material and spiritual culture. The collected ethnographic information is of great value, since it contains much of what subsequent researchers did not find. In 1793 a new edition was published, a little later Shelikhov's work was republished three times in German, and then twice in English. Thanks to this, his name became known abroad.

In 1794, thanks to the efforts of companions, the first Orthodox mission headed by Archimandrite Joasaph was finally sent to Kodiak. At the same time, government permission was obtained to send artisans and farmers to America. Grigory Ivanovich makes plans for the landing of settlers on the Kuril Islands. With the help of his younger brother Vasily, he carries out trade operations at almost all Siberian fairs, trades with the Chinese through Kyakhta. He acquired important allies through family ties, thereby strengthening his position at court and in commercial circles. In 1795 Shelikhov organized the "Atkha Company", the purpose of which was to fish on the Kuril, Commander and Andreyanovsk Islands, as well as on the Pribylov Islands. Her forces founded a settlement on the Kuril Island. Urup, which existed until 1805

According to the reviews of his contemporaries who knew him directly, he had an extraordinary mind, literally absorbed knowledge. He had remarkable abilities as an entrepreneur and organizer, strong will and courage, the ability to establish business relationships, feel a change in the situation and take reasonable risks. He was distinguished by excellent knowledge in commercial, industrial and financial affairs, slowness in decision-making, resourcefulness and intuition, as well as foresight and flexibility in the choice of previously developed schemes.

At the same time, this outstanding, truly almost legendary person, who played a huge role in the development of the Aleutian Islands by the Russians and the creation of "Russian America", was a power-hungry, withdrawn and cruel person. He arrogated to himself the right to "execute and hang" in order to establish discipline in his American trading posts. Merciless and suspicious of competitors, he sometimes did double-entry bookkeeping. The circumstances of his early death to this day remain very mysterious.

Death found him in the midst of business, preventing him from completing many plans. He died suddenly "in the midst of just a little important for him exercises in full health and middle years of his life." The suddenness and unclear circumstances of the death of a prominent merchant, who left a considerable inheritance, caused a variety of rumors in Irkutsk. The circumstances of his early death to this day remain very mysterious.

On November 10, 1797, by an imperial decree, the widow and children of Shelikhov "for the merits of her husband and father" were granted the nobility "with the granting of them the right to trade."

Grigory Ivanovich Shelikhov was buried in Irkutsk in the Znamensky convent opposite the church altar. In 1800, through the efforts of his wife, a marble monument with a bronze bas-relief of the deceased and with a carved epitaph of G. Derzhavin was erected on the grave: "... Columbus is Rossky buried here: he sailed the seas, discovered unknown countries ...".

A strait and a lake in Alaska, a city in the Irkutsk region, are named after Shelikhov. In his homeland, on the Red Square of Rylsk, on August 24, 1908, a monument was erected to him by I.Ya. Gunzburg. Funds for the monument were collected by an All-Russian subscription. In 1928, the monument was dismantled, but in 1957, by decision of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, a new monument by the sculptor V.I. Ingala.

The name of G.I. Shelikhova has a large bay of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, a strait between the coast of Alaska and Kodiak Island, a number of lakes and rivers of North America.

Shelekhov Grigory Ivanovich

(Shelikhov) - the founder of the Russian-American company, an eminent citizen of Rylsk, who was later elevated to the nobility for services to the fatherland. Born in 1747, in the city of Rylsk (Kursk province), in a well-to-do merchant family. Smart, lively, energetic Shelekhov, in his early youth, began trade relations with Siberia; after the death of his parents, when he was already 28 years old, he completely moved to Siberia. At that time, the attention of the merchants trading in Siberia was drawn to the discovery of the islands in Pacific, for the purpose of fishing for sea beavers, from which the trading companions who sent the ships, with the happy return of the latter, received significant profit. Carried away by their successes, Shelekhov went to Kamchatka and there, in partnership with a Kamchatka merchant, sent his first ship for skins of beavers, polar foxes and fur seals, which returned in 1780 with a large load of these furs. For the same purpose, in 1777 he equipped a ship to the Kuril Islands and the shores of Japan, then in the following years to the Aleutian Islands, and navigator Pribilov discovered the islands, which received the name of the Pribilov Islands by his name. Finally, Sh. Made up a company with the two Golikov brothers, sailed to the shores of America with three ships, and on July 22, 1784, moored at Kodiak Island. Here he founded a permanent settlement in the harbor, which he named Trekhsvyatitelskaya, and thus laid the foundation for the Russian colonies in America. At the same time, Shelekhov had to face the warlike natives, but thanks to a relatively well-armed team, he quickly and easily conquered the inhabitants who were trying to resist. Having established himself on this island, Shelekhov sent a detachment of his people to the mainland the next year and thus expanded the scope of his trade and conquest enterprises.

Leaving Samoilov on the island of Kodiak in his place, Shelekhov himself went to Irkutsk, where he arrived in 1787, and then, treated kindly by Governor-General Jacobi, went to Petersburg and presented to the higher authorities a report on his actions during his stay on Kodiak, for which received the highest attention of the Empress. By her order to the ruling Senate, in 1788, Shelekhov was awarded a gold medal, showered with diamonds, to be worn around his neck on a blue ribbon, a sword and a letter of commendation, which allowed him to continue the deeds begun for the benefit of trade. After that Shelekhov for the most part lived in Irkutsk, as a collection point for all goods, from where he disposed of the company's actions. Instead of Samoilov, in 1787 he chose the Greek Delarov to manage the Kodiak Island, and in 1790 he sent the former head of Kamchatka Baranov there. Soon, in 1796, Shelekhov died, not waiting for the merger of several trading partnerships into one large one, which received the name of the Russian-American Company. After Shelekhov's death, Empress Catherine II granted his wife and offspring the rights of the Russian nobility, with the grant, however, to trade, and Emperor Paul I, patronizing the Russian-American Company formed in 1798, ordered that a leading director be appointed from the Shelekhov family her. Shelekhov described his journey in the book: "The wandering of the Russian merchant Grigory Shelekhov in 1783 from Okhotsk along the Eastern Ocean to the American shores, with a detailed notification of the discovery of the islands of Kyktak and Adyugnak, newly acquired by him, etc. 2 hours with a drawing and with the image of the sailor himself and found by him wild people", survived two editions. St. Petersburg 1791-1795 and St. Petersburg 1812 and even translated into German Died Shelekhov was buried in Irkutsk on July 20, 1796 and was buried in the Znamensk women's monastery. Famous verses composed in honor of him by Derzhavin are engraved on his monument. In 1903, a monument was erected to him in the homeland of GI Shelekhov, in the city of Rylsk (Kursk province).

Death of Shelekhov. Op. Sh. "Bulletin of Europe". 1802, Part I, No. 3, pp. 52-61; K. Khlebnikov. Biography of G.I.Shelekhov. "Russian. Inv." 1838, No. 77-84; K. Khlebnikov. Biography of memorable Russians. G.I.Shelekhov. "Son of the Father." 1838, vol. 2, dep. 3, pp. 66-83; Monument to G.I.Shelekhov. "Magazine for reading in memory of military educational institutions." 1839, vol. 18, no. 70, pp. 206-208; Monument to G.I.Shelekhov and his biography. "Son of the Father." 1839, vol. 7, pp. 20-21; K. Khlebnikov. G.I.Shelekhov. "Journal for reading educational military educational institutions." 1840, vol. 23, No. 89, pp. 32-54; I. V - s. Memories of Shelekhov. "Notes of St. Petersburg. Department of RG General." 1856, book. 1, pp. 1-7; GI Shelekhov, founder of the R.-American Company (Chronicle of Irkutsk). "Irk. Lip. Ved." 1860, no. 18; G.I.Shelekhov (1745-1795), founder of the R.-Americas. colonies. "Russian people". Ed. M.O. Wolf. 1866, vol. I, pp. 15-30; G.I.Shelekhov. "Mirsky Vestnik". 1873, No. 1, pp. 40-41; G. I. Schelikhoff "Liste alphabétique de portraits russes". Par A. Wassilitchikoff. T. 2, p. 373; Shelekhov. Centenary of his death. "Historical Vestn." 1895, No. 9, p. 807; 1897, No. 4, pp. 88-89; "News". 1895, no. 208; Grigory Shelekhov. "Monuments of New Russian History". National team historical. articles and mater. ed. V. Kashpirev. SPb. 1872, vol. 3, dep. II, pp. 371-377; 379-381, 383. Archive of the book. Vorontsov, vol. V, 312, 320; XII, 442; XXIV, 209, 211; Historical review of the formation of Ross.-Amerik. The company and its actions to date. P. Tikhmenev. SPb. 1861 and 1863, Part I, Ch. 1; S. S. Shashkov. "Russian-Amer. Company". Sobr. Op. 1898 St. Petersburg, vol. II, pp. 634-635; Settlement of the Russian-American company Ross, under the management of Shelekhov (From the description of the trip of the French cap. A. Dugo-Scilly). "Notes Morsk. Scientific. Committee." 1837 XIII book, pp. 198-206; A. Sgibnev. Historical sketch major events in Kamchatka. "Marine Collection". 1869, No. 7, neof., Pp. 127-129. V. M. Golovnin's opinions about the Russian-American. companies about Shelekhov and Ryazanov. "Marine Collection". 1864, no. 3, bibl. 1-4. Something about Shelekhov, Khlebnikov and Ryazanov. "Morsk. Collective." 1869, no. 7, neof., P. 47. Note cap. 2nd rank V.M. Golovnin on the state of R.-Am. Companies in 1818 Op. Golovnina, vol. V, pp. 127-130, or "Materials for the history of settlements along the shores of the Eastern Ocean." SPb. 1861 Travel around the world in 1803-1806 on the ship "Neva" under the beginning. fleet cap.-leith. Yuri Lisyansky. SPb. 1812, part II, pp. 50-51, p. 68. "Everyone. Illustration", 1895, No. 1383 (with a portrait); "New Bp." 1903, No. 9786 (opening of the monument to G.I.Shelekhov; "Encyclopedia of Military and Marine Sciences", vol. VIII, p. 352; Dictionaries: Tolya, Starchevsky and Efron.

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Shelekhov (Grigory Ivanovich, 1747 1795) is a famous explorer of Siberia. A poor tradesman from Rylsk, Sh. Went to seek his fortune in Siberia and already in 1776 began to send his ships to the Pacific Ocean. On one of these trips, supervising his ... ... Biographical Dictionary

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Grigory Ivanovich Shelikhov (Shelekhov) Russian explorer, navigator, industrialist and merchant Date of birth: 1747 Place of birth: Rylsk ... Wikipedia

- (1747 1795) famous explorer of Siberia. A poor tradesman from Rylsk, Sh. Went to seek his fortune in Siberia and already in 1776 began to send his ships to the Pacific Ocean. On one of these trips, navigator Pribylov, who was in charge of his ship ...

- (1747 1795) famous explorer of Siberia. A poor tradesman from Rylsk, Sh. Went to seek his fortune in Siberia and already in 1776 began to send his ships to the Pacific Ocean. On one of these trips, navigator Pribylov, who was in charge of his ship ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

SHELIKHOV (Shelekhov) Grigory Ivanovich- (Shelekhov) Grigory Ivanovich (1747–95), merchant. In 1775 he created a company for fur and hunting for sowing. about Wah Quiet approx. and Alaska. Geogr. research and founded the first Rus. settlements in the so-called Rus. America. On the basis of Sh. In ... Biographical Dictionary

Grigory Ivanovich Shelikhov (Shelekhov) Russian explorer, navigator, industrialist and merchant Date of birth: 1747 Place of birth: Rylsk ... Wikipedia

- (Shelekhov) Russian explorer, navigator, industrialist and merchant Date of birth: 1747 Place of birth: Rylsk ... Wikipedia

- (1747 1795), merchant. In 1775 he created a company for fur and animal hunting in northern islands Pacific and Alaska. He founded the first Russian settlements in the so-called Russian America. Conducted geographical research. Based on the company ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

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• The journey of Grigory Shelekhov from 1783 to 1790 from Okhotsk to the American shores, G.I. Shelekhov. The merchant Grigory Ivanovich Shelekhov in 1783 set off on three ships to the shores of North America, where he founded the first Russian settlement on Kodiak Island. In 1787 he equipped two more ...

(Shelikhov) - the founder of the Russian-American company, an eminent citizen of Rylsk, who was later elevated to the nobility for services to the fatherland. Born in 1747, in the city of Rylsk (Kursk province), in a well-to-do merchant family. Smart, lively, energetic Shelekhov, in his early youth, began trade relations with Siberia; after the death of his parents, when he was already 28 years old, he completely moved to Siberia. At that time, the attention of the merchants trading in Siberia was drawn to the discovery of islands in the Pacific Ocean, with the aim of fishing for sea beavers, from which the trading companions who sent ships, with the happy return of the latter, received significant profits. Carried away by their successes, Shelekhov went to Kamchatka and there, in partnership with a Kamchatka merchant, sent his first ship for skins of beavers, polar foxes and fur seals, which returned in 1780 with a large load of these furs. For the same purpose, in 1777 he equipped a ship to the Kuril Islands and the shores of Japan, then in the following years to the Aleutian Islands, and navigator Pribilov discovered the islands, which received the name of the Pribilov Islands by his name. Finally, Sh. Made up a company with the two Golikov brothers, sailed to the shores of America with three ships, and on July 22, 1784, moored at Kodiak Island. Here he founded a permanent settlement in the harbor, which he named Trekhsvyatitelskaya, and thus laid the foundation for the Russian colonies in America. At the same time, Shelekhov had to face the warlike natives, but thanks to a relatively well-armed team, he quickly and easily conquered the inhabitants who were trying to resist. Having established himself on this island, Shelekhov sent a detachment of his people to the mainland the next year and thus expanded the scope of his trade and conquest enterprises.

Leaving Samoilov on the island of Kodiak in his place, Shelekhov himself went to Irkutsk, where he arrived in 1787, and then, treated kindly by Governor-General Jacobi, went to Petersburg and presented to the higher authorities a report on his actions during his stay on Kodiak, for which received the highest attention of the Empress. By her order to the ruling Senate, in 1788, Shelekhov was awarded a gold medal, showered with diamonds, to be worn around his neck on a blue ribbon, a sword and a letter of commendation, which allowed him to continue the deeds begun for the benefit of trade. After that, Shelekhov for the most part lived in Irkutsk, as a collection point for all goods, from where he disposed of the company's actions. Instead of Samoilov, in 1787 he chose the Greek Delarov to manage the Kodiak Island, and in 1790 he sent the former head of Kamchatka Baranov there. Soon, in 1796, Shelekhov died, not waiting for the merger of several trading partnerships into one large one, which received the name of the Russian-American Company. After Shelekhov's death, Empress Catherine II granted his wife and offspring the rights of the Russian nobility, with the grant, however, to trade, and Emperor Paul I, patronizing the Russian-American Company formed in 1798, ordered that a leading director be appointed from the Shelekhov family her. Shelekhov described his journey in the book: "The wandering of the Russian merchant Grigory Shelekhov in 1783 from Okhotsk along the Eastern Ocean to the American shores, with a detailed notification of the discovery of the islands of Kyktak and Adyugnak, newly acquired by him, etc. 2 hours with a drawing and with the image of the sailor himself and the wild people he found, "two editions went on. SPb. 1791-1795 and St. Petersburg. 1812 and even translated into German: "Erste und zweite Reise von Ochotske in Sibirien durch den Oestlichen Ozean nach den Küsten von Amerika in den Jahren 1783-1789. Von Grigori Schelechof. Aus. Dem Russ. Übersetzt von IZ Logan. St. Petersburg, 1793. Shelekhov died in Irkutsk on July 20, 1796 and was buried in the Znamensky convent. Famous verses composed in honor of him by Derzhavin are engraved on his monument. (See "Muse" Feb 1796, 160 . "Tombstone of the eminent citizen of Rylsk Shelekhov") In 1903, in the homeland of G.I.Shelekhov, in the city of Rylsk (Kursk province), a monument was erected to him.

Death of Shelekhov. Op. Sh. "Bulletin of Europe". 1802, Part I, No. 3, pp. 52-61; K. Khlebnikov. Biography of G.I.Shelekhov. "Russian. Inv." 1838, No. 77-84; K. Khlebnikov. Biography of memorable Russians. G.I.Shelekhov. "Son of the Father." 1838, vol. 2, dep. 3, pp. 66-83; Monument to G.I.Shelekhov. "Magazine for reading in memory of military educational institutions." 1839, vol. 18, no. 70, pp. 206-208; Monument to G.I.Shelekhov and his biography. "Son of the Father." 1839, vol. 7, pp. 20-21; K. Khlebnikov. G.I.Shelekhov. "Journal for reading educational military educational institutions." 1840, vol. 23, No. 89, pp. 32-54; I. V - s. Memories of Shelekhov. "Notes of St. Petersburg. Department of RG General." 1856, book. 1, pp. 1-7; GI Shelekhov, founder of the R.-American Company (Chronicle of Irkutsk). "Irk. Lip. Ved." 1860, no. 18; G.I.Shelekhov (1745-1795), founder of the R.-Americas. colonies. "Russian people". Ed. M.O. Wolf. 1866, vol. I, pp. 15-30; G.I.Shelekhov. "Mirsky Vestnik". 1873, No. 1, pp. 40-41; G. I. Schelikhoff "Liste alphabétique de portraits russes". Par A. Wassilitchikoff. T. 2, p. 373; Shelekhov. Centenary of his death. "Historical Vestn." 1895, No. 9, p. 807; 1897, No. 4, pp. 88-89; "News". 1895, no. 208; Grigory Shelekhov. "Monuments of New Russian History". National team historical. articles and mater. ed. V. Kashpirev. SPb. 1872, vol. 3, dep. II, pp. 371-377; 379-381, 383. Archive of the book. Vorontsov, vol. V, 312, 320; XII, 442; XXIV, 209, 211; Historical review of the formation of Ross.-Amerik. The company and its actions to date. P. Tikhmenev. SPb. 1861 and 1863, Part I, Ch. 1; S. S. Shashkov. "Russian-Amer. Company". Sobr. Op. 1898 St. Petersburg, vol. II, pp. 634-635; Settlement of the Russian-American company Ross, under the management of Shelekhov (From the description of the trip of the French cap. A. Dugo-Scilly). "Notes Morsk. Scientific. Committee." 1837 XIII book, pp. 198-206; A. Sgibnev. Historical sketch of the main events in Kamchatka. "Marine Collection". 1869, No. 7, neof., Pp. 127-129. V. M. Golovnin's opinions about the Russian-American. companies about Shelekhov and Ryazanov. "Marine Collection". 1864, no. 3, bibl. 1-4. Something about Shelekhov, Khlebnikov and Ryazanov. "Morsk. Collective." 1869, no. 7, neof., P. 47. Note cap. 2nd rank V.M. Golovnin on the state of R.-Am. Companies in 1818 Op. Golovnina, vol. V, pp. 127-130, or "Materials for the history of settlements along the shores of the Eastern Ocean." SPb. 1861 Travel around the world in 1803-1806 on the ship "Neva" under the beginning. fleet cap.-leith. Yuri Lisyansky. SPb. 1812, part II, pp. 50-51, p. 68. "Everyone. Illustration", 1895, No. 1383 (with a portrait); "New Bp." 1903, No. 9786 (opening of the monument to G.I.Shelekhov; "Encyclopedia of Military and Marine Sciences", vol. VIII, p. 352; Dictionaries: Tolya, Starchevsky and Efron.

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• - a famous explorer of Siberia. A poor tradesman from Rylsk, Sh. Went to seek his fortune in Siberia, and already in 1776 he began to send his ships to the Pacific Ocean ...

  Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

• - a famous explorer of Siberia. A poor tradesman from Rylsk, Sh. Went to seek his fortune in Siberia, and already in 1776 he began to send his ships to the Pacific Ocean ...

  Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron

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"Shelekhov Grigory Ivanovich" in books

GRIGORY IVANOVICH SHELEKHOV