The most beautiful cities in russia. What are Russian cities famous for?

In February 2016, we asked the readers of the magazine to tell in two or three sentences about the city in which they live and what it is famous for. What the main Russian cities are famous for - Moscow and St. Petersburg today is known to almost everyone, but with the rest of the cities (there are ∼ 1100 cities in Russia), things are not so optimistic. Unfortunately, only 4 people responded to our appeal. Mass revelation and engaging dialogue did not work out. Nevertheless, our collection of "stories about cities" continues to grow and everything that we "collect" in encyclopedias, forums, in the comments, we will continue to spread in this section. Let's start our educational excursion from Tula, Voronezh, Yekaterinburg and Volgograd. So what are these Russian cities famous for?

Tula

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On Halloween, the dinosaur standing at the entrance to the Tula Exotarium was dressed in a witch costume

"The hero city will change gingerbread, samovars and weapons... And we also have Yasnaya Polyana nearby! I remembered something else - the Tula Exotarium !!! We have here all sorts of exotic snakes have children, which sometimes does not happen in any country in the world (in artificial conditions) !!! This is especially surprising, knowing in what tiny rooms they huddle! And next to dinosaur monument, but among the people it is consistently called "the monument to the mother-in-law." :) On New Year they put on a red hat for him. "

From the Editor: The famous Tula "dinosaur - mother-in-law" is dressed up not only for the New Year, but also on September 1, March 8, Valentine's Day, Halloween, City Day, and they even tried on a kimono for the arrival of President Putin.

By the way, the first arms factory, which was built specifically for the war with Sweden, was opened during the reign of Peter I in Tula. Subsequently, Tula became the most weapons-based city in Russia.

Samovar factories at the beginning of the 20th century, there were about 50 in Tula. At this time, the saying “They don’t go to Tula with their samovar” was born. Naturally, there is also a samovar museum in Tula.

An interesting fact about the Tula gingerbread: The unique Tula gingerbread was considered to be the one whose baking dish was cut out and infused for 10-20 years. It was then that gingerbread could be baked in it, but only once. The second gingerbread baked in the same form was no longer considered unique. One of these unique gingerbread cookies was baked for the coronation of Nicholas II. On the gingerbread itself, the profile of the king himself was depicted. By the way, the heaviest Tula gingerbread weighed 1 pood (16 kg), and the smallest was baked weighing only 50 grams.

Among other things, Tula is considered to be the homeland of the Russian accordion. The funniest thing is that they started producing harmonics Tula gunsmiths at samovar factories (!) Tula was the main supplier of harmonics for the entire Russian Empire. The sound possibilities of the accordions imported from abroad did not satisfy the Russian musicians, and by that time one of the artistic and stylistic features of the Tula accordions had already manifested itself - their unique chamber sound.

Voronezh

The city is considered the birthplace of the airborne assault force, as well as the Russian navy. Voronezh was first built admiralty... It was here that the first Russian fleet was located in the 18th century. For the shown perseverance, courage and heroism, during the years of the struggle for the independence and freedom of the Fatherland, in February 2008, he was awarded the proud title "City of Military Glory".

Voronezh is famous all over the world for its chernozems... Chernozem soils - one of the most fertile in the world - occupy about 75% of the territory of the Voronezh region. Of the 49 million hectares of black soil in Russia, 3 million hectares are located in the Voronezh region. An interesting fact: at the famous fourth World Exhibition in Paris (1899), which lasted for six whole months, the "Russian department" looked so impressive that out of 818 participants, Russia was awarded 662 awards. The most "unusual" award was a gold medal to the Russian "soil scientist" Dokuchaev and his black soil.

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General view of the Field of Mars, 1889

Russian restaurant at the exhibition in 1889

Russian Pavilion, 1889

Russian pavilion, 1889

Main gallery Russian department, 1889

Here is what the press wrote: “Among the huge Russian samovars, pood candles, piles of Siberian furs and barrels of caviar near the pavilion of the Russian Empire on a high pedestal stood a huge cubic monolith of black earth, each face of which was two meters. Thus, in that "cube" there was not one, but eight cubic meters of first-class black soil, black as anthracite. We took this monolith not far from Voronezh, in the present Paninsky district.

After the exhibition was closed, the National Museum, the University of Sorbonne, various institutes and scientific societies of France asked to cut the monolith of Russian black soil into pieces and distribute it as a clear evidence of the immense soil wealth of Russia and all mankind. But they decided to keep the miracle monolith in its entirety, it went to the Sorbonne by lot and was kept there for many years. "

In 1968, there was a major student unrest at the Sorbonne, and during the battles of youth with the police, the monolith was completely destroyed. French soil scientists have preserved only fragments of that monolith. The largest of them is 60 cm long, 40 cm wide and 25-30 cm high. The remains of the sample are now stored in the attic of the National Agronomic Institute.

And the city has its own sea- "Voronezh" - a local reservoir. The length of the reservoir is about 30 kilometers, the width is about 2 km, average depth about 2.9 meters. The reservoir on the Voronezh River was built in 1972, and became the first man-made reservoir of such a scale in the history of the USSR within the city. The "sea" was intended for the industrial water supply of Voronezh.

And also Voronezh - Homeland of the Oryol trotter... The Oryol trotter is a famous Russian breed of horses with a hereditary ability for a frisky trot (trot is the gait of a horse, in which it alternately rearranges pairs of legs located diagonally).

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Great Oryol trotter "Krepysh"

One of the victories of "Krepysh"

Oryol trotter "Bedouin"

Trotter "Goby"

Trotter "Balagur" with a lady

Oryol trotter

Trotter "Crown Prince"

Oryol trotter "Cochet"

Trotter "Huge"

Count Orlov

The Oryol trotter breed was bred in the late 18th - early 19th centuries at the Khrenovsky stud farm, which still exists and is located in the village of Khrenovoe, Bobrovsky district, Voronezh region. The breed of trotting horses is named Orlovskaya in honor of the favorite of Catherine II - Count Alexei Orlov-Chesmensky, who worked on the creation of a new breed until his death - from 1775 to 1808. His co-author in this matter is deservedly considered the serf Vasily Ivanovich Shishkin, who after the death of Alexei Grigorievich successfully completed the work he had begun. Thanks to V.I. To Shishkin, the Oryol trotter spread in stud farms and became the main Russian factory breed.

A funny case: Legends circulated about the Oryol trotters, crowds of people gathered to watch their run. Once, in 1812, Alexander I visited the Khrenovskaya stud farm. When the emperor stepped onto the threshold of the stable, 500 horses, as if greeting him, reared up and whinnied deafeningly. The secret was that a few weeks before the arrival of the tsar, Shishkin, the manager of the plant, ordered the grooms to open the shutters on the windows when distributing oats to the horses, thus developing a conditioned reflex. As soon as the emperor entered the stable, the shutters were thrown open ... Alexander was very pleased with this reception, presented Shishkin with a diamond ring and asked Anna Orlova, the daughter and heiress of the count, to give Vasily Ivanovich free.

Orlova complied with this request of the tsar, but refused to violate the ban established by her father - not to release a single uncastrated stallion from the plant. When Alexander I wished to receive "hrenovskih" stallions for the departure, they delivered geldings to him ...

Ekaterinburg

Natalia Balbutskaya: « The city is famous for the "Theater of the Musical Comedy", a dozen of the strongest universities, the railway, museums, theaters (24), literate people, just a normal HUGE Ural city, the capital of the South Urals. "

A member of the forum with a funny pseudonym "Rain Man" shared more extensive information: “Yekaterinburg is the stronghold of the state. It is famous for being on the border between Europe and Asia; the execution of the family of the last emperor Nicholas II; the first president of Russia, Boris Yeltsin, lived and studied here; KVN team "Ural dumplings"; the humorous artist from Nasha Rashi Sergei Svetlakov; T / C Greenwich, where Gena Bukin from "Happy Together" works; many Olympic and world champions, for example Sergei Chepikov, etc. "

The tourist information service of Yekaterinburg pleased with the following facts:

The world's oldest wooden sculpture, the Big Shigir Idol, is kept in Yekaterinburg. He is older Egyptian pyramids, its age is 9,500 years. Radiocarbon analysis of fragments of an idol found in the vicinity of the city gave a sensational result: it was made with stone tools during the Mesolithic era in the 8th millennium BC.

Yekaterinburg houses the one-of-a-kind Kaslinsky cast-iron pavilion, created by the Ural craftsmen and won the Grand Prix and the gold medal of the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900. Each of the 25 Ural workers who assembled the pavilion at the exhibition received a personalized silver watch in Paris as a reward for their art. The pavilion is made up of over 1,500 unique cast iron parts and sculptures and weighs about 20 tons. In 1978, the pavilion was registered by UNESCO as a rarity - the world's only cast iron architectural structure that is in the museum collection.

The products of the metallurgical plants of Yekaterinburg were used to create the most famous architectural structures and designs around the world. It is known that the first industrial machines in England were made from the Ural iron. In 1820, the roof of the British Parliament building in London was made of roofing iron produced in Yekaterinburg. Ural steel was used in construction Eiffel tower in Paris, and Ural copper - during the construction of the Statue of Liberty in New York.

Yekaterinburg is the first city in Russia where ore gold was found and started to be mined. From 1745 to 1922, 559 tons of alluvial and 145 tons of indigenous gold were mined - about a third of the total balance of Russia. But the importance of this Ural metal can hardly be overestimated: it was the first Russian gold. Here the technology of prospecting for primary and alluvial deposits, technologies for processing ores from sands containing gold were perfected, machines for the extraction of gold were designed. In a word, the historical, geological, technological significance of the Ural gold is unusually great.

In the 18th century, the Yekaterinburg Mint was one of the main in the country, producing up to 80% of the copper coin in the Russian Empire. For almost two centuries, the entire population of this huge country paid daily for purchases in Ural pennies.

The first bicycle, an analogue of modern models, was invented in Yekaterinburg. The peasant Efim Artamonov built a model that was not much different from modern ones, and in 1801 he arrived on it for the coronation of Emperor Alexander I in St. Petersburg. A similar two-wheeled "running machine" with pedals appeared in Europe only in 1839.

The world's first jet aircraft BI-2 was tested in Yekaterinburg. On May 15, 1942, BI-2, under the control of test pilot Grigory Yakovlevich Bakhchivandzhi, took off for the first time using a rocket engine. The flight lasted 3 minutes 9 seconds at an altitude of 840 meters.

Yekaterinburg, like the entire Urals, is directly related to the opening of the space age of mankind. It was in Yekaterinburg that a transmitter was invented that allows receiving signals from a satellite to Earth.

The most famous walking excavator in the world, listed in the Guinness Book of Records, was produced in Yekaterinburg. The boom length of the giant model ESh 100.100, manufactured at the famous Uralmash plant in 1980, is 100 meters. One bucket of such an excavator loads two railway cars at a time.

Volgograd

The hero city of Volgograd (formerly Tsaritsyn, Stalingrad) revived from the ashes is known to the whole world in the first place memorial complex"Mamaev Kurgan" and the statue of "Motherland" erected in memory of one of the most terrible battles in the Second World War. Mamaev Kurgan is the highest point in the central part of Volgograd. Its military name is "Height 102"

Stalingrad battle- is the largest land battle in the history of mankind. For 140 days and nights, the troops of the 62nd Army under the command of V.I. Chuikov stood to death on the slopes of the Mamayev Kurgan, which occupied a key position in the battles for Stalingrad. Therefore, whoever owned the mound at that time also owned the city. That is why, keeping this height in your hands was a matter of life or death. In total, the Battle of Stalingrad lasted exactly 200 days and nights!

The fierce nature of the battles for this height is confirmed by the fact that immediately after the battle, from 500 to 1250 shell fragments were found on every square meter of the land of the Mamayev Kurgan. In the spring of 1943, even the grass did not turn green here. According to official figures, the human losses of the Soviet army exceed 1,130,000 people.

The tallest monument to Lenin in the world - the stone giant is located in the Krasnoarmeisky district, on the Volga embankment. The height of the monument together with the pedestal is 57 meters, and the sculpture of Lenin is 27 meters.

Volgograd is famous for its embankment! Embankment named after 62nd Army named after the army that defended it in the Battle of Stalingrad. Its length is 3.5 km. One of the most popular holiday destinations for Volgograd residents and guests of the city. From the central embankment for many tourists and vacationers, acquaintance with Volgograd begins.

The most notable building on the embankment is Volgograd River Station... This is the largest structure of this type in Europe: the length of the building is practically equal to the length of Red Square in Moscow and is 296 m, the width is 36 m, and the height at the highest point is 47 m. The building of the river station was built on a reclaimed territory. 6 motor ships can dock at the station at the same time.

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Russia- the biggest country in the world! With its history, unique culture, exquisite architecture and its natural beauty! With forests, fields, rivers, lakes and other gifts of our nature! Man is also a creation of nature. So who, no matter how person, will help Russia become even more beautiful!

What are the most beautiful cities in Russia?

St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg- the city of empire, which is rightfully considered the most beautiful city! Peterhof, Winter Palace, Nevsky Prospect, drawbridges and many other attractions without which this unique city with white nights would not exist!

Moscow

Moscow- the capital of our country. There is a lot of history here, a lot of non-standard and classic ideas in architecture that cannot be compared with anything! See the quiet, calm and at the same time luxurious Arbat, or walk past those streets that tell the stories of the past of our country. Both are beautiful and incomparable spectacle, as well as the Kremlin, Red Square, the Triumphal Arch, the Resurrection Gate, Museums and exhibition halls - all this is Moscow.

Kazan

Third on this list - Kazan... A city where several religions have met, from Islam to Buddhism, and are surrounded by friendly communities. A lot of beauty in this city is the amazing Pink Mosque, Peter and Paul Cathedral, Tower - Syuyumbina, Kazan Cathedral, Millennium Bridge, and for the little ones - an amazing puppet theater.

Kaliningrad

4th in this ranking Kaliningrad... The city is an era that was built for the Germans by the Germans themselves. The ancient Gothic architecture is striking in its beauty and uniqueness - squares, parks, gardens, museums, as well as the Royal Gate, Palmbursky Bridge and the city's trademark - the Königsberg Cathedral.

Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod- the largest regional center of Russia which has always been famous for its rich and world history. This city is very rich in historical and modern sights. The main masterpiece is the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, the Chkalovskaya Stairs, the Christmas Church. The most popular sights of Nizhny - Novgorod can be seen.

Ekaterinburg

Ekaterinburg Is a real decoration of the Urals. This city is unique in its beauty and history. Pre-revolutionary places, which miraculously remained untouched during the difficult Soviet period, monuments, palaces, gardens, churches, as well as Tsarsky Bridge, Zheleznov's Estate, Bolshoi Zlatoust and Alexander Nevsky Cathedral.

Vladimir

Vladimir- one of the few historical and ancient cities. The most preserved monuments of Russian architecture are here. Beautiful gardens, parks, monasteries, museums and many other attractions that are in this city.

Sochi

The eighth city - Sochi... The city is a garden immersed in greenery, the beauty of nature is mesmerizing, streets and alleys, unusual color, architecture, this is what creates the mood of the city. Climate, picturesque vegetation, clear sea, parks, waterfalls, fortresses, canyons and more can be seen in this stunning city.

Rostov-on-Don

Decent, ninth place is Rostov-on-Don... A green city full of greenery and flowers. Squares, parks, the beauty of ancient buildings, gardens with hundred-year-old huge trees. This city is famous for its many sculptural compositions that you want to see again and again.

Volgograd

At number ten Volgograd Is a city with unique architecture, with churches, fountains and a large number of memorials of Military Glory, the most famous of them is the Motherland, which is located on Mamayev Kurgan.

Krasnoyarsk

Krasnoyarsk- a handsome city, it is located on the banks of the Yenisei with straight and flat streets, fascinates with many historical monuments and its green reserves. There are a lot of chapels, temples and churches, many amazing fountains, which on summer days give a mood to guests and residents of the city.

Pyatigorsk

Pyatigorsk- city museum and mineral waters. Amazing nature in this area - mountains, caves, forests, lakes, healing springs, historical sculptures, beautiful streets and alleys that fascinate with their beauty.

Yoshkar - Ola

Yoshkar - Ola- a city that everyone should see. The beauty of this city will surprise every resident of Russia. Many masterpieces in this city are the Tsarevokokshaisky Kremlin, the Complex "12 Apostles" and there is also an animated clock which every three hours accompanied by musical accompaniment from the tower "12 Apostles", led by "Jesus", pass along the balcony and hide in the neighboring tower.

Irkutsk

Irkutsk- a unique old city with modern buildings and peculiar architecture. The most important attraction of this city is considered to be Lake Baikal.

Samara


Samara- the fourteenth city in the twenty most beautiful cities Russia - this city is famous for its numerous monuments and sculptures, and Samara is also one of the largest transport hubs in Russia.

Ulyanovsk

Ulyanovsk- one of the most beautiful and historical cities in Russia. Walking along the shady narrow streets with woody sidewalks, all this creates an atmosphere that reminds of the great Russian history.

Yaroslavl

Yaroslavl- this city is more than a thousand years old, there are many historically significant places with ancient temples, the main one is the Spas-Preobrazhensky Monastery, which replaces the Kremlin.

Voronezh

Voronezh- a beautiful city, decorated with wonderful cultural and architectural monuments, with museums, churches and cathedrals. Walking along the quiet streets, you can feel and see the beauty of these places with a great past, with a wonderful present and successful future, where the history of these places is in every corner of this city.

Pskov

Pskov- a city where the atmosphere of an ancient city, here you can enjoy the historical beauty of the city, visit the Kremlin and see how the Gremyachaya Tower looks like.

Arkhangelsk

Rounding out the top 20 most beautiful cities in Russia - Arkhangelsk... One of the oldest cities in the Russian North. It is located at the mouth of the northern Dvin. City of Sea Glory, which has: a beautiful embankment, historic quiet streets, wooden estates, Arkhangelsk Arbat. And only in this city the first New Year tree in Russia is set up.

Russia is a huge multinational country with a population of about 145 million people, most of whom live in cities. Each locality has its own history, culture and attractions created by several generations. As Chekhov correctly noted: "The city reflects the life of those who live in it." Therefore, the appearance of this place depends on how citizens relate to their common home. Where they respect their history and monuments, a unique beauty and identity is preserved that attract tourists and spiritually enrich the residents themselves.

St. Petersburg is known as the cultural capital of the country, Russian Venice, northern Palmyra, paradise. But even such vivid epithets cannot convey all its splendor. A lot of unique monuments, masterpieces of architecture, picturesque corners of nature amaze the imagination. The banks of numerous canals and rivers are connected by beautiful bridges, some of which are drawbridges. If you visit St. Petersburg in May or June, you can observe a unique natural phenomenon - white nights.

General information

St. Petersburg is located in the northwestern part of the Russian Federation. By the number of inhabitants and area, it ranks second in the country. Thousands of various enterprises and a giant business center are located on the territory of the metropolis.

The climatic conditions in the city are influenced by the proximity of the Baltic Sea. Cloudy days are more common than sunny days, cold winds are often blowing, but most of the year the weather is quite comfortable. St. Petersburg is especially crowded in late spring and summer. This is due primarily to the season of white nights. A lot fewer tourists come here during the winter months. Therefore, this time can be considered beneficial for visiting the city. Firstly, there are no queues and crowds in museums and exhibitions, and secondly, accommodation will be much cheaper than in summer.

In the metropolis, there is no unambiguous division into historical zones and modern quarters. It is divided into 20 large districts, and most of them have many attractions, close to which are residential buildings and offices. Throughout St. Petersburg there are many gardens and parks.

St. Petersburg can be called the world capital of trams. The total length of all city lines is about 620 km. This feature is noted in the Guinness Book of Records.

History

The urban settlement appeared on the lands conquered by Russia from Sweden during the Northern War. Thanks to him, Peter I hoped to get direct access to European countries and strengthen the north-western borders of the state. In 1703, the history of the northern capital began with the foundation stone of the Peter and Paul Fortress. The city was dedicated to St. Peter, but later this name was associated only with the name of the first Russian emperor. In 1712, the "brainchild of Petrovo" became the capital of the Russian Empire, and remained it until 1918. In connection with the rise of patriotism in the war against Germany, Nicholas II in 1914 renamed the city Petrograd. In 1924, in honor of the leader of the revolutionary movement, he received the name Leningrad. In 1991 the city became St. Petersburg again.

sights

There are dozens of different theaters, museums, galleries. The Hermitage contains paintings by the best painters of all times: Titian, Leonardo da Vinci, Rembrandt, Van Dyck, Rubens, etc. places are: Palace Square, Admiralty building, Bank bridge, Russian Museum, Winter Palace. Among the majestic Orthodox churches, the following cathedrals stand out: St. Isaac's, Savior on Spilled Blood, as well as the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. The best Russian theater, the Mariinsky, is located in St. Petersburg.

Many historical and cultural monuments are located outside the city. The most famous of them are located in Tsarskoe Selo, Gatchina, Peterhof.

Peterhof is a palace-museum of the residence of Russian emperors with a unique park complex: fountains, statues, ponds and magnificent flower beds. In Gatchina you can visit impregnable castle Paul I. In Tsarskoe Selo, in the palace of Catherine the Great, there is the famous Amber Room.

Suzdal is a wonderful open-air museum city, where unique ancient monuments are combined with the beauties of nature. Of the 60 architectural monuments, two-thirds are churches, more than 30 of which are active. The boundaries of this ancient city have not changed since the 16th century. The population is only 10 thousand people. The absence of industrial facilities and modern high-rises is pleasantly surprising.

General information

The beauty of Suzdal is protected not only by the state, unique historical and cultural monuments are protected by the international organization UNESCO. The urban infrastructure is focused primarily on receiving and serving the numerous tourists who come here from all over the world. The program of visits is not limited only to sightseeing, an interesting entertainment program is provided for guests, allowing them to feel the local flavor. In winter, you can ride on the snow slides, ride in a sleigh on a troika with bells, visit the folk craft fair. In the summer months, it can be interesting to wander through the forest with a basket, try different berries, several varieties of honey and the famous Suzdal cucumbers at the auction.

You can admire beautiful views in different places: on a hill next to the Spaso-Evfimievsky Monastery, from the bell towers in the Robe Deposition and Vasilievsky Monasteries, as well as on the Kremlin ramparts.

Despite the fact that there is a good selection of hotels in Suzdal, a room must be booked in advance, even when there is no influx of tourists. In addition to the hotel and hostel, a tourist can stay in one of the monastic guest houses.

History

Suzdal is mentioned in the Novgorod Codex, which is considered the oldest book in Russia. In 2024, the city will be 1000 years old. In the XII century. it was the center of the Rostov-Suzdal principality. By the XIV century. Suzdal lost its political influence and later became a small district town. But it was precisely this “fall” that left him far from trade routes, which made it possible to avoid building up with typical districts and erecting industrial enterprises. Such conditions turned out to be ideal for preserving the richest cultural heritage accumulated and preserved over the centuries. In the middle of the XX century. Suzdal turns into a museum and becomes the main point of the Golden Ring tourist route.

sights

The word "Suzdal" itself comes from "to build", which means "to build". There are hundreds of old buildings in the city, and most of them are masterpieces of Russian architecture. The main attractions are: the Kremlin, the Spaso-Evfimievsky Monastery, the Museum of Peasant Life. The Suzdal Kremlin is located in the oldest part of the city, near the Kamenka River. This historical complex consists of the Nikolskaya Church, the Bishops' Chamber and the Church of the Nativity of the Virgin, which is considered a monument of the pre-Mongol period.

In the Spaso-Evfimiev Monastery, the murals of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Cathedral are striking. Light and kind faces, the beauty of bright colors and gilding, almost incessant bell ringing create a feeling of heavenly relaxation. The bell tower has an unusual clock with Slavic numerals.

In the vicinity of the city there are many wooden buildings: huts, barns, mills and temples. The most ancient of them surprise visitors at the Museum of Wooden Architecture.

There are five monasteries in the city. The Intercession Monastery at different times became a place of imprisonment of queens. They sent their wives here: Vasily III, Ivan IV, Peter I. Architectural features the local temples are quaint concave tents. The churches of St. Antipius and St. Lazarus are fabulously beautiful.

Apart from a few excursion programs, in Suzdal, tourists are offered many unusual master classes: clay modeling, pretzel baking, birch bark weaving, painting of frescoes and nesting dolls, art forging, etc.

There are about 1200 cities in the Russian Federation, where more than 100 million people live. The number of cities that have historical, cultural and artistic value numbered in dozens, so it is difficult to choose even a hundred of the best of them. In various ratings and reviews of tourists, ten Russian cities are most often mentioned.

Founded in 1703 by order of Peter I, the city is famous for its huge number of architectural masterpieces and garden and park complexes. You should definitely visit the Mariinsky Theater, St. Isaac's Cathedral, the Winter Palace, the Russian Museum. Attractions also include drawbridges, picturesque embankments and the legendary cruiser Aurora.

The city, known since the 12th century, survived attacks and fires, and as the mythical Phoenix was revived again. It is home to about 15 million inhabitants, a large part of which consists of newcomers and labor migrants. In addition to the Kremlin on Red Square - the main symbols of Moscow, it is worth visiting the Tretyakov Gallery, the Pushkin Museum, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, Victory Park, Arbat, numerous theaters and parks.

The third place belongs to the capital of Tatarstan Kazan. The main monument is the Kremlin with the famous Syuyumbike tower. The peculiarity of the city is the combination in its architecture of the influence of the West and the East. Orthodox churches are located next to numerous mosques. The most famous of them are: Sultanovskaya, Galeevskaya and Kul-Sharif, which delights with its turquoise minarets and dome.

Rock bands such as Chaif, Nautilius Pompilius and Agatha Christie were formed here. This theatrical city is considered the birthplace of modern drama. Countless memorial sites were destroyed by the Soviet regime, but some of the masterpieces miraculously survived. We have reached the estates of Zheleznov, Sevast'yanov, Tsarsky Most. The modern cathedral Church on the Blood was erected on the site of the murder of Nicholas II.

Due to the many important industrial enterprises, the city is often called the "purse" of the state. Founded in the 13th century, it was able to preserve many old buildings. On Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street there are 18th century estates. The most famous modern monuments are the White House, the Vysotsky Skyscraper, a monument erected on the border of Europe and Asia.

Kaliningrad, almost the westernmost city of the Russian Federation, was founded in the middle of the 13th century. He became Russian after 1945. Despite great destruction during the war, he did not lose the appearance of the old European city... Its history is captured in the Brandenburg and Friedland gates, the Kirch of Louise, the Konigsberg Cathedral. City parks are interesting, for example, in one of them there is "House upside down".

The city is known as one of the best scientific centers in the country. The most unusual of the local museums is dedicated to the sun. Rest in the forest park "near the Obskiy sea" can be wonderful. You can spend time with pleasure in the planetarium, the Botanical Garden, the zoo. It is worth visiting the majestic Cathedral of Alexander Nevsky, where a particle of his relics is kept.

A well-known resort, well-kept city with many sports facilities, attractive in any season. In Sochi, you can relax in the theme parks "Riviera", the botanical garden "Arboretum", the oceanarium. The unique monuments of nature cause admiration: mountains, waterfalls, beautiful southern plants.

The huge port city is considered the southern capital of the country. It was founded in the middle of the 18th century. The main attraction is the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, designed by Ton. There are also several original monuments: the Gemini fountain, Stenka Razin and the drawbridge. In 2012, the city was ranked fifth in the ranking for the quality of the urban environment.

Arkhangelsk

Founded in the 16th century, the city has a fantastic number of wooden buildings. The brightest of them are located along the pedestrian Chumbarov-Luchinsky Avenue. For a long time, the city was the main northern port of the state, which explains the abundance of monuments of maritime themes. Warm feelings are evoked by the monument to the Savior Seal, which reminds of the tragedy of the war.

Most Russians associate their ideal vacation with beaches in Latin America, ski resorts in the Alps or a gondola tour of Venice. But is it worth spending a lot of money on such a trip if there are places in the vastness of our Motherland that are not inferior to foreign counterparts either in beauty or in the quality of services provided. Some of them are unique, and nowhere else in the world is anything like it. The infrastructure of most cities has everything necessary for a full stay and recreation of the most demanding tourists, and local attractions are masterpieces of architecture, landscape design and various types of art.

Suzdal

In the XII century. the city becomes the capital of the principality, however, over time it turns into a quiet county town. Today Suzdal can be considered as an open-air museum. The domes with gold stars on the most ancient Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin attract attention. In the Museum of Wooden Architecture, you can get an idea of ​​the peasant life. Tourists have access to master classes: making dishes, bagels, baskets, etc.

Uglich

Uglich became the place where the son of Ivan the Terrible died under mysterious circumstances, as a result of which the rule of the Rurik dynasty in Russia ended. In memory of this event, the Church of Dmitry on the Blood was built. The chambers where the Tsarevich lived have been preserved in the Kremlin. Among other significant places, it is worth noting the Resurrection, Epiphany, Spaso-Preobrazhensky monasteries, a number of museums: urban life, "The Legends of Uglich", hydropower.

Tutaev

Tutaev was formed at the merger of two small settlements - Borisoglebsk and Romanov. Today these are two main areas of the city, separated by the Volga. Until now, it is only possible to get from one place to another by boat or ferry. On the left bank, the tallest building rises - a 25-meter tower from the beginning of the XX century. In the Borisoglebsk city park, you can relax and see interesting sculptures from the times of the USSR.

The city was founded in the XIII century. at the confluence of the Volga and Oka. In the XIX century. the largest fair was here. Under Soviet rule, the city was called Gorky, in honor of the revolutionary writer who lived here. The main stronghold of Nizhny Novgorod is the powerful Kremlin. To view the surroundings, it is worth going up the incredibly long Chkalov stairs. A walk along Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street will enrich with souvenirs and give pleasant impressions of ancient buildings, interesting sculptures, etc.

Yuryevets

Yuryevets was founded at the beginning of the XIII century. In Soviet times, it was planned to flood it in order to build the Gorky reservoir. Fortunately, most of the city has survived. Yuryevets is the birthplace of famous Soviet directors Arthur Rowe and Andrei Tarkovsky. The houses where they spent their childhood and adolescence are now museums. Among other memorable places, several museums can be noted: public education, local history, soft toys, etc.

Yaroslavl

Yaroslavl is an ancient Russian city, which is now the regional center of the Russian Federation. On its territory, old quiet streets, monasteries and temples coexist with skyscrapers and wide modern avenues. The city has several wonderful theaters, parks and old mansions. The scenery used for filming the films "Doctor Zhivago" and "The Crew" remained here. The main local monuments are the Bolkonsky House and the Nekrasov estate.

Rostov the Great

For the first time the settlement is mentioned in the "Tale of Bygone Years". Very ancient buildings are perfectly preserved: the Kremlin, numerous churches, monasteries, most of which are located near the picturesque Lake Nero. The main attraction of Rostov is the Assumption Cathedral. Besides it, you should definitely visit the Conception Cathedral, where ancient frescoes have been preserved, the Enamel Museum and the Porech Gardener.

Myshkin

Myshkin is known as the “city of ten museums”. There are so many interesting exhibition halls in this small village that they would be enough for three cities. There are unusual museums here: vodka (famous winemaker Petr Smirnov comes from these places), retro technology, local history, mice, etc. New buildings are erected exclusively on the outskirts in order to preserve the historical districts.

Plyos

Plyos is one of those cities in which it is pleasant to live for weeks and years. This quiet, prosperous provincial corner has been featured in films more than once, as a backdrop for scenes about a peaceful and calm life. There are several interesting museums here: the ancient Russian family, wedding, primitive hunting and fishing, public places. There is a gallery in these parts. Levitan.

Kazan is endowed with the status of the third capital of Russia. In this beautiful city, Russian and Tatar traditions are surprisingly harmoniously combined. Orthodox cathedrals are located very close to numerous mosques. There is a large number of old buildings here, the main of which is the Kazan Kremlin. Bauman Street is the local Arbat, where there are many street musicians, artists, cafes and souvenir shops.

Pereslavl-Zalessky founded in the XII century. Yury Dolgoruky. The main sights of the city include the Museum-Estate of the Botik Peter, the City Garden, the Transfiguration Church built in the 12th century, the tent-roofed Cathedral of Peter the Metropolitan, and the railway museum. There are a lot of unusual museums in the city: an iron, a mask, a teapot, etc. On the shores of the lake you can find a blue stone - an object of worship from the times of paganism.

The Don River divides the city into European and Asian parts. Among the local attractions, it is worth highlighting Bolshaya Sadovaya Street, the City Theater, the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary and a large drawbridge. There are several interesting museums: local history, astronautics, railway. The Armenian Church of Surb Khach, built in the style of classicism, is unique and beautiful.

1. Veliky Ustyug

Ancient temples, old estates and wooden houses are well preserved in Ustyug. The best monuments of the city are: the Church of Simeon the Stylite, the eponymous museum-reserve, the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael, the Cathedral yard. Children can buy the most unusual set of Christmas tree decorations in the Church of the Myrrhbearers, and attend a lesson in an old Russian school. There is even a representative office of Santa Claus, where you can talk with him about gifts and the weather.

The city has a special creative atmosphere that influenced the success of well-known rock bands (Chaif, Agatha Christie, Nautilus), famous opera singers, actors and directors. Among the interesting places it is necessary to note the archaeological monument Kamenny Island, the embankment, the radio museum, the skyscraper "Vladimir Vysotsky", the estate of the merchant Sevastyanov. In 1918, the Bolsheviks shot the royal family, in memory of which the Church on the Blood was built.

For several centuries Kazan has been surprisingly combining oriental flavor and European culture. This applies to language, architecture and even local cuisine. The Kazan Kremlin is considered the oldest in Russia. It deservedly bears the status of the main attraction of the city. In addition to it, you must definitely visit the beautiful Syuyumbike tower, the Temple of All Religions, a branch of the St. Petersburg Hermitage Museum, and the local Victory Park.

Kaliningrad is a synthesis of Russian and German cultures, which is reflected primarily in architecture. Here, the "Soviet" neighborhoods are adjacent to the quarters of the "burghers", and the Orthodox Church may be located opposite the local church. Among the local attractions, the following are especially popular with tourists: the Fishing Village, the Curonian Spit Park, the Ocean Museum, the City Philharmonic, Kant's grave, etc.

Sochi is the only city with a subtropical climate, where there is an excellent ski resort... But above all, it is famous for its beaches and gentle sea. The main attractions are Sea port, the tower on Akhuna, Krasnaya Polyana, etc. Coming to Sochi, you should definitely see the dolmens, visit the unique dendrological garden and walk along the yew-and-boxwood grove.

1. Volgograd

Volgograd is the most suitable place for fishermen and lovers of military history. Monument "Motherland Calls!" considered the highest on the planet. The most high building and the tallest residential building in the world are also located in Volgograd. Among the city's record holders, the longest bridge in Europe can be noted. The best attractions include the Alley of Heroes, the Battle of Stalingrad panorama, the Dancing Bridge, etc.

The main street of the city is Krasny Prospekt. From it, by tram, you can get to another local attraction - the river station. The most beautiful building in Novosibirsk is the Opera and Ballet Theater. In addition to it, significant cultural sites include the Philharmonic Society, the Globus Theater, the Puppet Theater, etc. Here is the most long bridge for the metro on the planet.

1. Arkhangelsk

Arkhangelsk is, first of all, a commercial port city, therefore the most important place the sea terminal is considered here. His image adorns a 500-ruble note. The city is considered the gateway to the Arctic and the birthplace of brave seafarers. The embankment is at the same time the main street with administrative buildings and historic center with various monuments. Tourists need to visit Gostiny Dvor, the Old Mansion Museum, and the Maritime Museum.

The population of Russia has approached 150 million people and continues to grow. Most of it lives in cities. As the population grows, the number of vehicles increases. There are problems associated with road traffic... Firstly, the number of accidents increases due to the workload. Secondly, passengers have to spend a lot of time on the road, losing it in long traffic jams. Buses, trolleybuses and trams cannot cope with such a load. In megacities, this problem is especially acute. The best solution in this situation is the subway, but, unfortunately, the subway is available only in some cities of our vast homeland.

The total length of metro lines in all cities of the Russian Federation does not exceed the length of the New York subway. In Germany, the metro is being built in every locality where the population has reached 1 million. But despite the noticeable lag, Russian underground transport carries more than 3 billion passengers every year. In many cities of Russia, metro projects have already been drawn up or construction has begun. Already existing lines are constantly being lengthened.

History of the Russian subway

On the territory of Russia, the first underground routes appeared in Moscow. The unusual railway project was approved in 1914. The length of the line exceeded 50 km. But, due to participation in the war against the Triple Alliance, work on the creation of the metro was stopped. In 1931, the Soviet government announced the beginning of the construction of the subway. In the spring of 1935, the first trains were launched, repeating the ground tram rails with the largest passenger flow. During Patriotic War the metro served as a shelter that saved many lives, even about 200 children were born there. In St. Petersburg (Leningrad), the metro appeared in 1955, and only 30 years later this type of transport started operating in Nizhny Novgorod... In Novosibirsk, the subway appeared in 1985, in Samara in 1987, in Yekaterinburg in 1991, in Kazan in 2005. Currently, preparatory work is underway in Voronezh, and in 2018 the first trains will be launched in Chelyabinsk.

Russian metro in figures and facts

The Moscow Metro is one of the five busiest subways in the world. It consists of 12 branches, the total length of which exceeds 30 km, and includes more than 200 stations. More than forty of them are architectural monuments. The city administration plans to open almost 80 more new stations and renovate old ones. Every day at least 7 million people descend in the metro of the capital, and on holidays about 9 million. The deepest station is Victory Park. Its depth exceeds 100 m.

The metro in Kazan was launched for the 1000th anniversary of the capital of Tatarstan. It consists of one line and 10 stations. In 2018, another branch is to be opened, consisting of 13 stations. More than 30 thousand people are transported by the subway every day.

The St. Petersburg metro is considered one of the deepest on the planet, its stations are much more modestly decorated than the Moscow ones.

The Yekaterinburg metro was in the Guinness Book of Records as the world's smallest subway. On its 9 km long branch there are 7 stations. Together with the Samara metro, it has the shortest length.

The safest subway is located in Yekaterinburg.

The cliché "The Golden Ring of Russia" appeared in 1967 after the publication of the work of Yuri Bychkov. This is how he titled articles about ancient Russian cities. When this phrase was designated one of the most interesting travel routes, it immediately turned into a brand that attracts foreign visitors and promotes the development of tourism in the country.

Now the Golden Ring is called a group of cities that are located in the central part of Russia and represent the historical cultural value... The road connecting all these settlements forms a circle. Most of them are protected by the authorities of the Russian Federation and the international organization UNESCO.

The traditional Golden Ring route unites eight ancient cities of the country: Kostroma, Ivanovo, Suzdal, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Rostov Veliky, Sergiev Posad, Yaroslavl, Vladimir. This list is changed periodically, and new cities are added to it. In some variants, it consists of more than two dozen settlements. But large travel agencies are trying to stick to the original version.

Vladimir

In the XII century. Vladimir was the head of an appanage principality and fought for the right to be the capital of the Russian land. At the end of the XIV century. he cedes leadership to Moscow and over time becomes provincial town... Vladimir is located on the coast of the Klyazma, surrounded by forests and fields. Now it is the largest industrial and cultural center of the country, although its population does not exceed 350 thousand people. Among the ancient monuments that have survived to our time, the most interesting are: the Golden Gate, the Assumption and Dmitrievsky Cathedrals, the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin, St. Nicholas in Galei, St. Nikita.

Suzdal

The city flourished in the XII-XIV centuries, when it became the center of the principality. Over time, having lost in the political struggle, Suzdal becomes provincial town... There were no large construction projects and no high-rise buildings were erected, which allowed it to preserve its original appearance. The modern infrastructure develops the tourism sector. Guests should visit the Kremlin, the Spaso-Evfimievsky Monastery, the Museum of Architecture and Peasant Life. Tourists are offered interesting entertainment. They can try to paint boxes themselves, work in a smithy, bake bagels, etc.

Ivanovo

The settlement was formed in the 19th century. on the site of the village of the same name. Over time, it became the center of the textile industry. Thanks to local skilled craftsmen, the city became famous throughout Europe and began to be called the "Chintz Paradise". Tourists may be interested in the monuments of the constructivist era. This style appeared in the XX century. in Soviet Union. It is characterized by the correctness of the form and the unity of the image, the abundance of glass and concrete. There are two unique buildings in Ivanovo: in the form of a ship and in the form of a horseshoe. It may be interesting for tourists to compare the preserved old huts and examples of modern architecture.

Kostroma

Kostroma is a regional center with a population of less than 300 thousand people. He participates in the state program for the revival of ancient cities, thanks to which the tourism sector is developing here. Among the local attractions, the most numerous are Orthodox churches. The most famous of them: the Holy Trinity complex, the Monastery of the Epiphany-Anastasiin, where one of the shrines of the royal dynasty is preserved - the icon of the Mother of God. A wonderful impression can be formed from visiting the Ipatiev Monastery, the place from which young Mikhail Romanov was called to the Russian throne.

Sergiev Posad

The Trinity-Sergius Lavra is located here, the history of which goes back 8 centuries. For several centuries this monastery was major center education. Old printed and handwritten books are kept here. In the Trinity Cathedral of the monastery there is an old iconostasis painted by Andrei Rublev and Daniil Cherny. Boris Godunov is buried to the north of the cathedral. There are several museums on the territory of the city: church-archeological, toys, etc. It is believed that the famous matryoshka first appeared in Sergiev Posad.

Yaroslavl

In 2010, the thousandth anniversary of Yaroslavl was celebrated. In its historical center, there are more than 100 buildings under the protection of UNESCO. Tourists should definitely visit the churches of St. John the Baptist and St. John Chrysostom. The walls of the Church of Elijah the Prophet are decorated with incredibly bright paintings of the 17th century. Modern urban sculptures evoke warm feelings, for example, a bear on a large boulder and a cat on a bench. Unusual - Einstein's Museum of Entertaining Sciences, where, in a non-standard form, you can get knowledge of physics.

Pereslavl-Zalessky is a small provincial town. Its population does not exceed 40 thousand people. It was founded in the XII century. Yuri Dolgoruky on the coast of the picturesque Pleshcheyevo Lake. Not far from the reservoir there are several holy springs: Varvarin, Nikitsky and Gremyach Klyuch. Since ancient times of paganism, a huge blue boulder has miraculously survived on the shore. Orthodox churches and old buildings are in good condition. There are several interesting museums here: iron, tricks and ingenuity, crafts, etc.

Rostov

Rostov the Great traces its history back to the 9th century. The main place of the city is the Rostov Kremlin. Admiration comes from a walk in its ancient walls, from a garden and vegetable garden, first laid out centuries ago. The Rostov Belfry houses a unique collection of 13 bells, the largest of which weighs over 30 tons. Interesting sights also include the unique buildings of the 13th century, the Spaso-Yakovlevsky and Avraamiev Epiphany monasteries.

The best way to travel along the Golden Circle is by car, visiting numerous villages on the way and enjoying beautiful views of nature. This makes it possible to get acquainted with the sights that are not in the booklets of travel agencies and get a more complete picture of the history and culture of these historical places. If you deviate from the "ring" for a greater distance, you can see such unique cities as Uglich, Myshkin, Ples, etc. But, even if you choose the traditional route, an exciting trip is guaranteed.

Sergiev Posad

Sergiev Posad was founded near the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. The Lavra includes many old buildings, most of which are of great historical and cultural value. Next to the Lavra is the Kelarsky pond. A little further is the State Toy Museum, the main exhibits of which are nesting dolls. In the suburb of Sergiev Posad, near the Vori River, there is the Abramtsevo estate with a wonderful park, where famous artists and writers gathered. There are several holy springs in the vicinity of the city. In the summer months, you can plunge into the clean Torbeevskoe Lake.

Pereslavl-Zalessky is famous for its monasteries, temples, old wooden buildings and beautiful nature. It is located near Lake Pleshcheyevo, where the Pereslavl vendaces, depicted on its coat of arms, are found. There are various museums in the city: iron, railway transport, Peter's estate, toys, cunning and deceit, etc. Among the monuments of antiquity, Orthodox churches prevail, but one pagan idol, a massive blue stone, has survived on the shore of the lake.

Yaroslavl

Yaroslavl is considered the starting point of the Golden Ring, and as the largest settlement on this tourist route, it can be considered its capital. The city has always been famous for its wealth, and during the Time of Troubles it was the main city of Russia and a gathering place for the people's militia. The main city attraction is the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery, the belfry of which acts as a magnificent viewing platform. Among the city's museums, the most interesting are: "Music and Time" and the Museum of Entertaining Sciences.

Rostov the Great

It is a quiet town that has left a big mark on the history of Russia. Here, each street leads to the main attraction - the Kremlin, where, in addition to viewing the expositions, you can walk along its walls. Also in its chapels is the enamel museum. Not far from the Kremlin there is a large lake Nero, along which you can take a boat trip. Among museums, the following are especially popular: the home museum, which contains household items from different periods, the Jam Library, and the interactive museum of the Frog Princess.

Vladimir

Vladimir in the XII century. was the capital of the Grand Duchy. In the XIV century. he lost his influence after losing in the political confrontation with Moscow. This city has a huge number of ancient buildings, most of which are temple complexes and churches. The best of the buildings are monuments of white-stone architecture of incredible beauty. The interior decoration of the Assumption Cathedral is decorated with frescoes by Rublyov. In the Borodins' smithy, tourists can forge a horseshoe or a poker.

Suzdal

Tourists are attracted here by beautiful ancient temples, picturesque corners of nature and the atmosphere of antiquity. In the Museum of Wooden Architecture and Peasant Life, guests can see absolutely all the tools and utensils that the residents of Suzdal had. At the local market you can buy the famous Suzdal cucumbers, jam made according to old recipes, sbiten, and mead. Numerous shops offer various unusual products: kokoshniks, embroidered shirts, openwork tablecloths, etc.

Ivanovo

Ivanovo turned from a small village into an important center for the production of fabrics. You can learn the history of such a transformation and see old looms in the local chintz museum. Among the architectural monuments, one can distinguish the Shchudrovskaya tent and several houses of an unusual shape.

The city itself is not very rich in sights, but there are enough of them in its vicinity. In Plyos, you can visit the Museum of Art named after A. Levitan, and in Kineshma you can stay in a hotel on the water, in Palekh and Kholuya you can buy famous caskets and brooches with lacquer painting.

Kostroma

Away from the city center is the Ipatiev Monastery, where the first tsar from the Romanov family was crowned. In the suburbs, unusual excursions are arranged - guests are led by the paths that Susanin used to lead the Poles into forest jungles and swamps. In the women's Monastery of the Epiphany-Anastasia there is an image of the miraculous Feodorovskaya icon of the Mother of God. This shrine, patronizing family people, previously belonged to the royal family. Both adults and children can enjoy the elk farm in Sumarokovo.

There are over a thousand cities in the Russian Federation. Among them there are several huge metropolitan areas and many small provincial towns. The number of inhabitants in the former is estimated at millions, in the latter it is often limited to only a few thousand people. Large settlements have a developed infrastructure, great opportunities for business, career and study, and small ones boast a lack of fuss and traffic jams. Taking into account all these factors, it is possible to draw up a kind of city ratings: by population, by area and by standard of living.

Russian regions are developing at different rates and have different opportunities. The solution of many issues in the regions and individual cities depends on the competence of the administration and the activity of residents. There are many conditions, the fulfillment of which can make people's lives more comfortable.

The Department of Sociology of the Financial University has studied various factors affecting the standard of living in 38 settlements of the Russian Federation. The following points were taken into account: the social sphere, the condition of the housing stock and roads, migration statistics, etc. Based on the results of the study, a kind of rating was compiled:

10th place - Orenburg. He turned out to be the leader in terms of health care, the number and condition of roads and the work of utilities.

9th place - Novosibirsk. This largest industrial center is full of opportunities for work and business, many attractions. There is also a noticeable increase in population here.

8th place - Krasnoyarsk. Thanks to the developed areas of industry: hydropower, mechanical engineering and non-ferrous metallurgy, its population is provided with jobs. In addition, it is an important sports and educational center.

7th place - Yekaterinburg. In this million-plus city there are several educational institutions that are considered the best in the region and the country. In combination with a developed industry, this factor opens up great opportunities for young people in the field of study and subsequent employment.

6th place - Chelyabinsk. There are several large enterprises and more than 20 universities in Chelyabinsk. It has excellent business conditions.

5th place - St. Petersburg. It is considered one of the most beautiful cities in the country. The northern capital is a small homeland for 5 million Russians. There is a developed infrastructure and the best educational institutions are located here. This large tourism center can provide jobs not only for its residents.

4th place - Krasnodar. The pace of construction of new buildings here is very high, which is caused by a large number of people who want to move to this place. The proximity of the Black Sea, mild climate, good opportunities for small businesses - these factors are decisive when choosing Krasnodar for permanent residence.

3rd place - Kazan. The infrastructure is constantly improving, excellent roads are being built, there are several universities. More than 90% of the townspeople were satisfied with their lives.

2nd place - Moscow. About 73% of Muscovites consider the capital the most favorable city for living in the Russian Federation. This beautiful city has no shortage of housing and jobs. There are dozens of some of the best educational institutions in the country and the world. Roads are being repaired regularly.

1st place - Tyumen. The best here are the work of utilities, road construction management. The city has affordable and high-quality education, excellent infrastructure, a lot of work and high salaries.

In the Middle Ages, foreigners called Russia Gardarika, which translates as "land of cities". Over time, urbanization has increased their number. V following list the largest cities are represented:

The population of Moscow is 14 million people and it is constantly growing. The capital offers great opportunities for study and career. Salaries and social benefits are many times higher here than in the periphery. There is everything for a good rest: dozens of museums, theaters, parks, entertainment centers, etc. Thousands of labor migrants come here every year, some of whom remain for permanent residence.

St. Petersburg is the northernmost metropolis in the world. It is home to about 6 million people. The beauty of the city attracts a large number of tourists here, thanks to which jobs are created, small and medium-sized businesses are flourishing. All conditions have been created in St. Petersburg for a comfortable and interesting life therefore it remains one of the most attractive for migrants.

Novosibirsk cannot boast of an ancient history like Moscow or St. Petersburg, but it also has numerous attractions, a developed industry, and high salaries. There are dozens of the best universities and the famous Akademgorodok in the city, which allows you to get education of the highest quality and work in the scientific field in wonderful conditions.

Yekaterinburg is a city with a population of one million. This industrial center provides jobs not only for its citizens, but also for hundreds of thousands of visitors who have lived here for years. The rather young city has a large number of places for recreation and education: museums, architectural monuments, beautiful parks.

Nizhny Novgorod is a city where the beauty of ancient monuments and the convenience offered by a developed infrastructure are combined. Numerous ancient temples, monuments and museums allow you to touch great history... The VAZ car plant, shipbuilding and aircraft plant, etc. are located here. Large industrial enterprises and developed tourism provide the townspeople with decent earnings.

Kazan is the most unusual Russian metropolis, the appearance of which was formed under the influence of two different cultures: Tatar and Russian. There are several Orthodox churches here, which are located next to Muslim mosques. Kazan can be called a prosperous city, which is developing due to tourism and the work of numerous enterprises.

7. Chelyabinsk

In the XVIII Chelyabinsk was an impregnable fortress on the eastern borders of the Russian Empire, then it became an important transport hub, and over time it turned into the largest industrial and shopping center... A large number of factories ensure the development of the city and the prosperity of the townspeople, but they are also the cause of an unfavorable environmental situation.

The largest city in the Russian Federation is undoubtedly its capital. The population of Moscow is approaching 15 million people, and this is only according to official statistics. In terms of the number of inhabitants, this metropolis surpasses half of European countries such as the Czech Republic, Finland, Norway and is almost equal to a fairly large country - Kazakhstan. Indigenous population The megalopolis numbers only a few million people, and most of the inhabitants are labor migrants, migrants, students from other cities. There are many people in Moscow who live without registration and a corresponding document. According to some reports, there are from several hundred thousand to 2 million such citizens.

Most of the megalopolises of Russia are home to 1 - 2 million people. For example, no more than 1.5 million people live in Novosibirsk. The city appeared about a century ago and in such a short time has become a thriving industrial center. In Yekaterinburg, there are 1.4 million inhabitants, and in Nizhny Novgorod - about 1.3 million. More than a million people live in Chelyabinsk, Omsk, Rostov-on-Don, Ufa, Volgograd, Samara, Kazan, and Krasnoyarsk. Some million-plus cities have lost their status. Most often, population decline is associated with economic reasons or the deterioration of the environmental situation.

The largest Russian city in terms of territory is Sochi. The area of ​​this Black Sea resort exceeds 3600 km 2. In addition, it is considered the longest record holder. Its length exceeds 140 km, almost 120 of them run along the Black Sea coast. The capital of the Russian Federation also has a large area - about 2500 km 2. Recently, Moscow has grown by almost 2.5 times. This happened due to the annexation of some districts near Moscow. The three largest cities are closed by St. Petersburg, whose area is about 1500 km 2.

TOP 10 beautiful cities in Russia

Moscow is not only the administrative, cultural and historical center of Russia, but also the most amazing and densely populated metropolis in Europe. There is a huge number of parks, various museums and theaters, entertainment centers, many restaurants and hotels. All this attracts millions of tourists from all over the world to Moscow. The city hosts various events every day: exhibitions, presentations, festivals, concerts, street performances and celebrations. Free time is the only shortage for tourists in the capital full of sights and interesting events.

General information about Moscow

Moscow is considered the largest city not only in the Russian Federation, but throughout the entire European continent. According to the latest data, more than 14 million people live in it. The metropolis is divided into 12 counties and 126 districts.

In 2002, major architectural transformations began here. The city is being renovated and rebuilt, high-rise office buildings, shopping and entertainment complexes are being erected, and modern transport infrastructure is being built. Several beautiful skyscrapers rise in the new business center of the capital. These innovations did not damage the historical appearance of the city and its architectural monuments.

Population growth has caused some serious problems, such as traffic congestion and congestion in public transport. These difficulties are being overcome by creating dedicated lanes for public transport, building overpasses, interchanges and new metro stations.

The metropolitan subway is a unique structure. It includes 13 conventional lines (188 stations), the MCC and a monorail. Many stations are a beautiful sight. The Moscow metro is considered the fifth busiest on the planet.

There are about 200 universities in the capital, the oldest of which is Moscow State University, founded in the ΧIII century. The city has excellent conditions for sports. A huge number of sports facilities have been built here: gyms, stadiums, sports grounds, skating rinks. The most famous of them are CDS Dynamo, SC Olympic, Luzhniki Stadium and ski resort in Skolkovo.

History and sights of Moscow

The earliest mentions of Moscow date back to 1147. Then it was a fortified settlement, which was part of the possessions of Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. At the end of the XIII century, it becomes the center of a separate appanage principality, and in the XV century. the capital of the Russian state. Several times the city was destroyed by fires, it was ravaged by foreign conquerors, but it rose like a phoenix from the ashes and became even more beautiful.

Its main attraction, the Moscow Kremlin, is located in the center of the capital. Russian princes and tsars lived in this ancient fortress, and now it houses the residence of the country's president. Several museums and ancient temples are located on its territory.

Walking through the quiet courtyards of the Old Arbat, you can see amazing architectural monuments, get acquainted with the works of local artists, listen to street musicians, and buy souvenirs.

There are about 70 museums in the city. The Pushkin Museum and the Tretyakov Gallery are the largest repositories of paintings in Moscow famous artists... Many private galleries are open in the metropolis, most of which are dedicated to contemporary art.

Some shops can also be attributed to the sights of Moscow. GUM is famous not only for its huge area, but also for its exquisite interior design and magnificent architecture. Okhotny Ryad is a unique underground shopping center.

Cathedral of Christ the Savior

The main Orthodox church in Moscow is the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. Among the religious buildings, it is worth highlighting the old monasteries. The oldest of them - John the Baptist, was founded in the 16th century, in the year of the birth of Ivan the Terrible. An amazing museum is located on the territory of the Novodevichy Convent, there are many beautiful places for walking with magnificent views; exhibitions are also regularly held here.

Walking the streets, you can find various monuments, many of which are dedicated to great people. There are also funny street sculptures in Moscow, for example: Khoja Nasreddin with a donkey, ducklings, Munchausen, a stray dog, processed cheese and a stool.

The capital is famous for its abundance of magnificent estates. One of them, the Golitsyn family nest, is more than 300 years old. A museum was set up within its walls.

The city has a great variety of theaters from traditional to avant-garde. The zoo, circuses and the Park of Legends sports and entertainment quarter are considered excellent places for recreation.

Moscow sights, amazing so many that it can take years to visit.

Although St. Petersburg is not an ancient city, it has a rich history filled with significant events, which is closely intertwined with the lives of prominent people. For more than two centuries (1712 - 1918) it was the cultural capital and the main city of the Russian Empire.

General information about St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg is considered the second largest city in the Russian Federation and the largest of all non-metropolitan cities in the world. Its population is about 5 million people.

There are not many cities in the world where monuments, museums, theaters, palaces, parks are represented in such a quantity. Peter also boasts of its cultural heritage, as it is home to world-renowned writers, poets and composers. St. Petersburg was included in the UNESCO heritage list and its entire historical center is under the protection of this organization. There are places of worship belonging to more than 40 denominations.

The city is known for its changeable weather, cold winds and humid climate due to its proximity to the Baltic Sea. Despite this, the air here warms up to 25˚C in summer, and the winter temperature is usually kept at -10˚C. From late April to early August one can observe an amazing natural phenomenon - "white nights".

About 70 rivers and streams flow through the city, which form more than 40 islands. The banks are connected by almost 600 bridges.

Districts of the city of St. Petersburg

In St. Petersburg, there is no clear border between the historical and modern parts of the city. There are almost no skyscrapers here, and small groups of high-rise buildings often form separate districts. Therefore, such close proximity does not interfere with the amazing views of the ancient streets and unique architectural monuments.

The historical center begins in the south at the Obvodny Canal and ends at the banks of the Neva, which bends around it from three other sides. The area of ​​this area is so huge that you can walk around it in only a few days. Most of the sights are located between the Neva and Nevsky Prospekt. Visitors, first of all, strive to visit the Hermitage, the Russian Museum, the Church of the Savior on Spilled Blood, and the Kazan Cathedral.

Vasilievsky Island is located in the west of the city. Tourists may be interested in such places: Kunstkamera, Menshikov Palace and St. Petersburg University.

The Petrograd side is the insular territory in the northern part of the city. Here tourists can visit the Peter and Paul Fortress, the St. Petersburg Mosque, the Artillery Museum, the city zoo, Botanical Garden... Petrogradka is considered a prestigious area with wonderful architecture.

Saint Petersburg hotels

There is a large selection of hotels in St. Petersburg. Between mid-May and late June, during the "White Nights" period, it is not easy to find a good budget option, but in other months it is not difficult to find a decent hotel at an affordable price.

Tourism in St. Petersburg is constantly developing: mini-hotels, apart-hotels are being opened for young people. These options are economical and are found primarily in historic areas. There are also many elite hotels here. In addition to the well-known apartments from Astoria and the Grand Hotel Europe, wealthy visitors can count on rooms from brands such as Radisson and Corinthia.

History of St. Petersburg

The history of St. Petersburg began in 1703 with the construction of the Peter and Paul Fortress. In 1712, the Tsar's courtyard and almost the entire administration were moved to the city under construction. This was the beginning of the transfer of the capital from Moscow to the northern lands. The city became the official center of the state in 1721.

The founding of St. Petersburg opened up new trade routes to Western Europe and accelerated the emergence of the Baltic Fleet. Here they began to erect en masse magnificent palaces, temples, theaters, libraries, educational institutions.

At different times, the city has witnessed terrible events. He survived the fire of 1812, two revolutions, the bloody turmoil of the Civil War, the blockade, but survived and became even more beautiful.

During the Soviet era, it bore the names Petrograd and Leningrad, and in 1991 St. Petersburg was returned to its historical name.

Attractions of St. Petersburg

In addition to a huge number of palaces and temples, the city is decorated with more than 7 thousand old residential buildings with beautiful and unusual facades. Here, river transport runs along numerous canals and rivers, on which you can take an unforgettable walk or excursion. Many bridges are raised at night or during the passage of ships. There are hundreds of wonderful fountains and ponds in St. Petersburg, the most famous of which are located in Peterhof.

The city is famous for its gardens and parks. Some of them have their own interesting story... For example, the Summer Garden was laid out by Peter I.

There are over 100 theaters in the city. The first of them was created by the sister of Peter I. Subsequently, in 1785, the Hermitage Theater was opened in the Winter Palace. Its building is considered the oldest of the theater buildings. The Mariinsky Theater is renowned as one of the best in Russia.

Kazan is the capital of Tatarstan. It is a city with a rich history and interesting culture, which was formed under the equal influence of the East and West. In 2005, he celebrated his millennium.

General information about Kazan

Kazan is a large port city located on an area of ​​426 km 2. It is located at the confluence of the Kazanka River into the Volga, which divides its territory into two parts. The capital is home to about 1 million 250 thousand inhabitants, the majority of whom are Tatars and Russians.

In winter, there are often severe frosts (up to -40 ˚C), and in summer there can be intense heat (up to + 37 ˚C), but usually the air temperature does not drop below -12 ˚C and does not rise above 22 ˚C.

Kazan is the center of the agglomeration of the same name, to which 3 large settlements and 6 suburban areas belong. The city itself is divided into 7 districts.

History of Kazan

In ancient times, on the site of Kazan there was a settlement that was part of the Volga Bulgaria. There lived the Turkic-speaking tribes - Bulgars. After the Tatar-Mongol conquest, the population of the area became subject to the Golden Horde. Conveniently located at the intersection of trade routes, the settlement grew rich and expanded.

At the end of the XIV century. this place was chosen as their residence first by the Bulgar princes, then by the Tatar khans. Then the main attraction of the region was erected - the Kazan Kremlin, which includes the khan's palace and several mosques of amazing beauty. Now it is a historical monument of world importance.

In 1552, the Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible annexed Kazan to his possessions.

Sights of Kazan

The Kazan Kremlin is the symbol of the city. It is located in the historic center on a picturesque hill. Next to it there is a beautiful mosque and an ancient Orthodox church, which underline the capital's belonging to two cultures. Behind the medieval Kremlin walls there are museums, old buildings, monuments. Climbing the Preobrazhenskaya tower, you can see in detail the entire historical center. The Kremlin is the only surviving example of a fortress of the ancient Tatars, where several elements of architecture from different centuries were added. Nowadays there are administrative buildings and the residence of the President of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Another symbol of the Tatar people is the Syuyumbike tower. According to legend, Princess Syuyubmike did not want to submit to Ivan the Terrible and committed suicide by throwing herself down from the upper tier of the tower.

Kul Sharif is an ancient architectural monument and the main mosque of Tatarstan. During the reign of Ivan IV, it was badly destroyed and was rebuilt only in 1996. The religious building includes several exhibitions and two museums: an ancient manuscript and the Islamic culture of the Volga region.

The oldest surviving stone building in the city and the main Orthodox shrine is the Cathedral of the Annunciation, a unique monument of ancient Russian architecture. Now it is part of the Kazan Kremlin Museum-Reserve. The walls of the temple are decorated with miraculously preserved frescoes of Theophanes the Greek.

Bauman street

The best place for walking in Kazan is Bauman Street. This is the oldest street in the city, an analogue of the Moscow Arbat. There are many local attractions here: a large beautiful clock decorated with oriental ornaments, old buildings in the Ottoman style, and much more. Tourists can relax in one of the cozy cafes, listen to street musicians or visit the "House of Tatar Cookery", where you can not only enjoy the dishes of the national Tatar cuisine, but also learn some of the secrets of their preparation.

On the border of the city, there is the Blue Lake, the diameter of which is only 33 m, and its depth is no more than 18 m. It was formed in a small karst sinkhole many centuries ago. The lake has an amazing property - the temperature in it remains unchanged all year round - + 4 ˚C. The reservoir is nourished by springs saturated with special salts and minerals, due to which it has a sky-blue color and healing properties.

Peter and Paul Cathedral

Peter and Paul Cathedral was built after a visit to these places by Peter I in 1722. Since a significant part of the city's residents profess Orthodoxy, the church is almost always crowded. At one time, all the emperors visited here, A.S. Pushkin came here, and the local choir was led by Chaliapin. After the revolution, a planetarium was set up within the walls of the cathedral, but in 1930 the parishioners managed to defend the shrine and return it to the Church. The decoration of the temple is an ancient iconostasis 25 m high.

Modern attractions include the hotel complex "Riviera", which is more than 80 m high, two theme amusement parks "Kyrlay" and "Korston" and a local water park, the State Museum of Fine Arts, and the National Museum. Separately, it is worth mentioning the local Wedding Palace, known as Kazan. This tall building has an unusual shape, and there is a wide observation deck on the roof, from where you can admire the beauty of the city.

Yekaterinburg is the administrative center of the Urals. The city was founded by decree of Peter I in 1723 in the valley of the Iset River. It was named in honor of the wife of the autocrat Empress Catherine. This land is praised in Bazhov's fairy tales, here the groups "Chaif", "Nautilus Pompilius", "Agatha Christie", opera soloists Yuri Gulyaev, Boris Shtokolov, Vera Baeva began their creative career. Yekaterinburg is the cradle of the "new drama" and the birthplace of world famous playwrights.

General information of Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg is one of the five most populated cities in the Russian Federation and is one of the largest agglomerations in the country. It consists of 7 large districts with over 1.5 million inhabitants.

The architecture of the metropolis is dominated by modern styles, but in some places islets of a pre-revolutionary appearance still remain. Among the high-rise buildings made of glass and metal, you can find old manors, temples, theaters and other historical and cultural monuments. For example, in a residential area consisting of two streets, October Revolution and February, there are wooden houses, estates and gardens, which are more than 200 years old. The literary quarter, whose streets are paved with granite slabs and surrounded by carved fences, preserves the spirit of the revolutionary era.

In the central area there are many green areas: gardens, squares, parks. Here you can walk along the local Arbat - a pedestrian avenue that includes a section of the old merchant street. In these places in the XVIII century. an iron factory was built, which was the beginning of the foundation of the city.

The small area Voznesenskaya Gorka is also a historical site. Here is the majestic temple of the Ascension of the Lord and architectural ensemble"Estate of the Rastorguevs - Kharitonovs".

Each area has its own attractions. Sverdlova Street is considered the "main gate of the city". Her monuments are on the list of cultural heritage. Chkalovsky district is considered the oldest part of the city, which appeared three centuries ago. The first temple and school in Yekaterinburg were built here.

Hotels in Yekaterinburg

Today there are about 60 hotels in Yekaterinburg. Not far from the Iset River, on the territory of the "Government Quarter" there is the "Hyatt" hotel. Accommodation costs 14 thousand rubles per day. In some local five-star complexes, this amount will be 2 - 3 times less.

Most of the mid-star establishments are located in the central part of the city and near the airport. Rooms in them cost about 1.5 thousand rubles. /day.

Relatively inexpensive hostels and mini-hotels are very popular among young people.

Visitors with children prefer rented apartments and private apartments.

History of Yekaterinburg

City Day in Yekaterinburg is celebrated on November 7. This date is associated with the beginning of the work of one of the first metallurgical plants in Russia. The city was erected as an industrial center of the mining region, located on a vast territory in two parts of the world (Asia and Europe).

In 1917, the power of the Soviets was established here. In July 1918, the last Russian Tsar Nicholas II was shot in Yekaterinburg in the Ipatiev house. In 2003, a temple (Temple-on-the-Blood) was erected on the site of the massacre.

In 1924 the city was renamed Sverdlovsk, in honor of the famous revolutionary. In 1991, Yekaterinburg was returned to its former name.

Attractions of Yekaterinburg

Weiner Street is called Yekaterinburg Arbat. This is a long pedestrian zone with many small cafes, restaurants, souvenir galleries. There are several interesting bronze monuments installed here: a couple in love, a banker, an old car, etc. Some local customs and signs are associated with them: if you rub a banker's ring, there will be good luck in money, and if you make a wish and touch the box of a street vendor, it will definitely come true ...

Not far from the circus building there is an unfinished TV tower... The long-term construction with a height of 210 m has become one of the city's attractions and a favorite place for extreme lovers and parachutists.

Former Russian President Boris Yeltsin worked in Sverdlovsk in 1975, holding the post of the first secretary of the regional committee (in the modern interpretation - the mayor). By his order, the construction of the House of Soviets was started, where the entire central office of civil servants was to be located. Upon completion of the construction, a majestic 23-storey building, finished with white marble slabs, turned out. Now it is considered a kind of monument to the first president of Russia and is called the "White House".

To see Yekaterinburg from a bird's eye view, it is enough to climb one of its skyscrapers. One of them, 200 m high, bears the name of the famous bard Vladimir Vysotsky. This building has a cylindrical shape and a beautiful blue glass façade. It has 547 floors, which house offices, a hotel and an entertainment center. On one of the floors there is an excellent observation deck from where you can admire the beauty of Yekaterinburg.

Nizhny Novgorod is awarded with such epithets as "the third capital" and "pocket of the country". In the XIII century. it was founded by Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich. From a border fortress, the settlement became a major center of trade in Russia. The largest fair in the country was held here, which ensured prosperity for the city for many centuries, and thanks to the courage of its inhabitants, its stone Kremlin was never captured by attacking enemies.

General information of Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod is the center of the Volga District. Its population is about 1 million 300 thousand, making it one of the five most populous cities in the country.

Many ancient cultural and historical monuments and real masterpieces of architecture have been preserved here, therefore it is under the protection of UNESCO. There are more than 600 such objects in Nizhny. Among the local museums in the city, the largest is the complex dedicated to the writer Gorky, who spent his youth here.

Districts of Nizhny Novgorod

The formation of districts in Nizhny Novgorod was influenced by its location at the confluence of two rivers: the Oka and the Volga. It is divided into three large parts: Zarechnaya, Lower and Upper, on the territory of which the historical center and the Kremlin are located.

The Nizhny Novgorod region is considered to be central. It includes the historical part and the modern quarter of the Upper Pechora. On the old streets of the city are the Kremlin with 13 towers, the Church of the Archangel Michael, embankments, Chkalov stairs. In a modern microdistrict, you can visit the Park Cinema multiplex, the Fantastica entertainment center, many restaurants, clubs and shops.

In the Soviet district, most of the territory is built up with high-rise buildings of the Soviet period, but there are also several interesting places here: the building of the University. Lobachevsky, the magnificent Switzerland park and two museums: history and architecture.

The Prioksky district is considered industrial due to the location of a number of factories. The unsightly appearance of these enterprises brightens up a large number of green areas. Here you can visit the Shchelokovsky farm, take a walk in the Botanical Garden, Ankudinovsky forest park.

In the Kanavinsky district, tourists should visit the Nizhny Novgorod fair, the circus, the Central Department Store and walk along the Grebnevsky canal.

In the Avtozavodsky district there is an airport, the famous GAZ car plant and a confectionery factory.

Nizhny Novgorod Accommodation

In Nizhny Novgorod, there are no problems with the accommodation of tourists. Here you can easily find temporary accommodation for every taste: hotels, from ordinary Soviet "three rubles" to elite apartments, mini-hotels, hostels and boarding houses.

Several inexpensive hotels are located in the central part of the city. In them, tourists can get a no-frills room, but this disadvantage is compensated for by walking distance to local attractions.

Luxury hotels are located in a prestigious area in the center or in the suburbs. In the second option, guests are offered accommodation in a country hotel complex or a cottage.

History of Nizhny Novgorod

In 1221, the prince of Vladimir Yuri Vsevolodovich, at the confluence of the Volga and Oka, laid a border fortress, which was supposed to defend the borders of the principality from the warlike neighboring tribes. It was named Novgorod Nizovskaya land. In 1350 it became the capital of a separate Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal principality. Thanks to its wealth and large territories, it could even compete with Moscow. Under Peter I, the city became the center of the province of the same name. In 1932 it was renamed Gorky, but in 1990 the former name was returned.

Sights of Nizhny Novgorod

The Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin is a unique medieval fortification. The stone fortress consists of powerful walls with small loopholes and several blank towers located on several tiers. Inside the Kremlin, there is the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael, which was built in the middle of the 16th century. In addition to a walking tour of the Kremlin, tourists are offered to take a trip on a small boat and see this ancient attraction from the side, listening to the fascinating stories of the guide.

Only one building has survived from the ancient Nizhny Novgorod fair, the rest of the buildings were demolished in the Soviet era, as hostile to the communist ideology. The most beautiful temple of Alexander Nevsky was built next to the fair.

The Nizhny Novgorod cable car is one of the types of local transport. It connects the outskirts of the historic center with the neighboring town of Bor. Its length is more than 3.5 km, and its height is more than 80 m. Both of these parameters are an absolute European record.

In Nizhny, there are a large number of museums: Gorky, Dobrolyubov, Pushkin, Sakharov's museum-apartment, literary, Russian photography, etc.

The Shchelkovsky Khutor museum complex consists of wooden buildings of the 12th-19th centuries: houses, barns, temples, etc., brought from the surrounding villages.

Visitors with children are invited to visit the most interesting zoo and ride a miniature railway in the theme park.

There are few people in Russia and the CIS countries who would not have heard of the city of Sochi. Recently, the whole world learned about it, because this beautiful resort town became the capital of the XXII Winter Olympic Games. The length of Sochi is impressive: 4 districts - Adlersky, Lazarevsky, Khostinsky and Central occupy 145 km along the Black Sea coast. The population of the city is not so large by metropolitan standards - a little more than 340 thousand people, but Sochi annually in summer places on its territory about 70 thousand people from different countries.

Warm and humid subtropical climate, healing sea ​​air, mineral springs, lush vegetation. Thanks to this, Sochi has become the center of spa treatment in Russia: there are many sanatoriums, boarding houses, as well as world-class hotels and hotels. The air temperature in Sochi never drops below 0 ° C, even during the winter months. In summer it is very comfortable here: the average air temperature is + 25 ºС, and the water temperature in the sea is + 24 ºС.

In addition, Sochi is known as the venue for the Kinotavr Film Festival. Theatrical, fashion, music festivals, as well as international competitions in water sports, the Formula 1 stage are also held here.

Sochi is not only a beach and sanatorium vacation. The beaches by the sea, by the way, are mostly pebbly, and sandy ones are almost absent. Here you can go in for active sports that will take your breath away. Among them are mountaineering, alpine skiing, horseback riding, paragliding, mountain biking, as well as water sports - sailing regatta, windsurfing, diving, aquabike, mountain river rafting.

Sights of Sochi

As in any settlement, Sochi has its own attractions. If you are going to rest in this resort town in the near future, it will be useful to read about the most famous places Sochi.

The main attraction of Platanovaya Alley is the Singing Fountains, which since Soviet times have become a recognized symbol of Sochi. In the evenings, in holiday season, this beautiful spectacle gathers around itself not only residents, but also guests of the city: the pressure of the water writes incredible pirouettes and shimmers with all the colors of the rainbow to the accompaniment of various music. For example, if rhythmic music is played at the same time, the rate of movement of the water accelerates.

In the central part of the city, on Kurortny prospect, there is the famous Sochi Arboretum, with an area of ​​49 hectares and consisting of 3 levels. At the moment, over 1800 plant species from all over the world grow here. In the lower part of the Arboretum there is a huge aquarium of 150 sq.m. It houses Marine life... At the same level, there is a large pond - the habitat of ducks and black swans. A rose garden is located nearby, where over 70 varieties of roses are grown. In the central part of the Arboretum there is a Mauritanian gazebo. The upper part of the Arboretum is crowned with a semicircular rotunda. Many bronze sculptures are placed throughout the arboretum.

Riviera Park also received a worthy place in the list of the most popular places in Sochi. It covers an area of ​​14.7 hectares. In addition to lush vegetation, there are numerous attractions, the famous Green Theater concert venue, a large Oceanarium, and the Friendship Glade, where many magnolias are planted. According to the established tradition, newlyweds come to the Riviera Park and take pictures at the fountain and the Love bench.

One of the notable places of Greater Sochi is the Agursky waterfalls, formed by the mountain river Agura and located in a very beautiful gorge of the same name. Agursky waterfalls include 3 powerful water streams: the upper waterfall is located next to the Devil's hole cave and has a height of 21 meters, the middle waterfall is small jets of water, and the lower waterfall is formed by two streams 18 and 12 meters high. They all flow into a small lake at the bottom of the gorge. Agursky waterfalls are a place of attraction for tourists, and are only half an hour's walk from sea ​​coast... Unfortunately for tourists, swimming is prohibited here, but this is compensated by the picturesque view.

Another attraction of Sochi is the Zmeikovsky waterfalls, located in a picturesque gorge near the Zmeyka mountain. This is a chain of waterfalls, differing in their size, which the Dikarka River erupts with a loud noise. The highest of them reaches a height of 30 meters, the rest are smaller, but no less beautiful from this. It is noteworthy that the water in them is very cold regardless of the season, and the last of the waterfalls has a spring with crystal clear drinking water.

The Vorontsovskaya system of caves is located in the Khostinsky district of the Krasnodar Territory, the total length of which is about 12 km. They are among the three longest caves in Russia. The largest caves in the system are Vorontsovskaya, Dolgaya, Kabanya and Labyrinthnaya. The Vorontsov Caves are over 120 million years old! During this time, they managed to visit the lair of wild animals, the dwelling of ancient people, a warehouse, and even became a place of imprisonment. Their walls are formed by limestone, it is from the caves that the rivers Kudepsta and Khosta take their sources. Only 400 meters of the cave complex are open to tourists: the first 120 meters fall on the Prometheus grotto, behind which there is a Music Hall with an organ, and the reliefs of the walls and ceiling of the hall resemble bizarre animals and plants.

Kaliningrad is the largest city in Russia located in the west of the country. Once it was part of Prussia and was called Königsberg, or the Royal City. Walking through Kaliningrad, you can see many buildings and neighborhoods that remind of the glorious past of this amazing city. During the Great Patriotic War, it was badly damaged by bombing, but it was practically rebuilt from scratch, regaining its original charm.

Now Kaliningrad consists of 3 large districts in which over 425 thousand people live - Leningrad, Moscow and Central.

Present-day Kaliningrad is not only the administrative center of the region of the same name, but also the cultural capital of Western Russia. There are such objects as the Cathedral, where people come to honor the memory of the great philosopher Kant, who was buried here, the handicraft and ethnographic center Fish Village, the building of the Philharmonic, located in the premises of the former church of the Holy Family, the Palace of Culture of Sailors. The city has preserved fortifications built during the reign of the Prussian kings.

Children will certainly be delighted by a walk to the zoo, which is one of the oldest in Europe. They will also enjoy a fun holiday in the Yunost park, where there are many attractions, carousels, a go-kart club, and there is also the opportunity to ride catamarans and boats. In one of the park's pavilions, they can admire exotic butterflies. Another park, Centralny, was founded in the 17th century. It is notable for the fact that there is a puppet theater and a monument to Baron Munchausen.

Sights of Kaliningrad

There are still 7 historical gates in Kaliningrad. The most notable of them are the Royal ones, which were built in the pseudo-Gothic style of red brick in the 19th century. This gate has become a kind of symbol of the city. Their façade is decorated with bas-reliefs depicting Prussian kings and dukes. Previously, on the site of the Royal Gate, there was the Neue Sorge Gate, which stood for 2 centuries.

Everyone who arrives in Kaliningrad strives to get to the Amber Museum. It is located in the very center of the city and is the only such museum in Russia. The museum building occupies 3 floors of the Don fortress tower, which was built in the 19th century. Over 150 thousand amber exhibits can be seen in 30 halls. The most famous among them is the "Solnechny" stone. Works by Russian, French, Prussian and Japanese artists are also exhibited here.

The Museum of the World Ocean will primarily attract lovers of marine flora and fauna. The area of ​​the museum is almost 10 thousand square meters. and holds almost 60 thousand exhibits. Here you can learn a lot about the World Ocean, see collections of corals, shells, as well as the skeleton of a 15-meter sperm whale. The museum complex also includes sea ​​vessels and submarines stationed at the marina. It will take at least 2-3 hours to view all the exhibits.

The Friedrichsburg Gate (or Friedlansk Gate) was also built in the 19th century and is designed in the same style as the Royal Gate. At one time, they performed a defensive function. Nowadays, knightly duels and other costume events are held here. Currently, the gate consists of 6 parts, each with a separate tower. The facade of the fort is decorated with 2 statues and a diamond-shaped ornament, as well as arches. This historical complex also includes a museum.

One of the historical districts of Kaliningrad is the Fish Village, which is located on Oktyabrsky Island. The fishing village is a craft and ethnographic complex, visiting which you can get an idea of ​​the life of pre-war Konigsberg. Various cultural events are often held in this part of modern Kaliningrad. On the banks of the Pregolya there are historical buildings in the neo-Gothic style, as well as an art gallery, which displays interior items, weapons and dishes from the last 3 centuries. A beautiful view of the cathedral and other ancient buildings opens up from the height of the lighthouse tower.

Among other sights of Kaliningrad, it is worth noting the Palau fortress, Curonian Spit with endless sand dunes, castles Ragnit, Insterburg and Schaaken.

Of course, people come to Kaliningrad not only to admire its architectural monuments. There are several car markets in the city. Most car enthusiasts are attracted by affordable prices for used cars that are imported from Germany. Along the way, souvenirs are taken away from Kaliningrad - jewelry and interior items inlaid with amber. By the way, on the coast of the Baltic Sea, if you're lucky, anyone can find a piece of the sun stone.

When going to Kaliningrad, remember that winters here are very mild thanks to the Atlantic Gulf Stream, and mostly cloudy or cloudy weather prevails.

Novosibirsk is the largest city in Siberia, founded in 1893. It was built on the banks of the Ob, and until 1925 it was called Novonikolaevsky. In terms of population, the city ranks 3rd in the Russian Federation; more than 1 million 400 thousand people of various nationalities live in it.

Due to its large area and population, Novosibirsk is considered the unofficial “third capital” of Russia. It is located at a distance of over 3.5 thousand km from Moscow and covers an area of ​​more than 500 square kilometers. The city is divided into 10 districts, and the greatest interest for guests is central District with its many attractions.

Novosibirsk is a city in which there is a lot of "very-very", for example, Novosibirsk Opera theatre is the largest in Russia. In addition, one of the largest Russian hydroelectric power plants has been built here, and the local zoo is one of the three largest in the country. There are also a lot of educational institutions, parks, squares and hotels. On account of Novosibirsk, an achievement that entered the Guinness Book of Records is the growth rate by which it overtook such megacities as New York, Tokyo and Chicago.

The climate in the city is sharply continental: in summer the temperature can reach + 37 º С, and winters are very cold, sometimes up to - 50 ˚ С.

Cultural program of Novosibirsk

In Novosibirsk, annually, since 2000, the Siberian Festival of Snow Culture has been held, at which sculptors and artists demonstrate their skills not only from Russia, but also from other countries. Traditionally, in January, many beautiful ice and snow sculptures are created, which you can admire until spring comes.

The Novosibirsk Philharmonic is one of the most important cultural objects. Concerts of famous musicians, international festivals and competitions of symphonic, jazz, folklore music are constantly held on its stage. It has become a good tradition to hold an international music festival "Classics" on the stage of the Philharmonic, during which connoisseurs of symphonic music gather here.

It is in this city that the newest planetarium of Russia is located, which was opened in 2012. It is located in a park area and is a 2-storey building: on the ground floor there are studios making films, and on the second floor there is a hall of stars, observatories, as well as classrooms and a cafe. Observatory towers are attached to the building, and in one of them there are telescopes, looking through which you can see the stars. In addition, the planetarium has museums where you can learn a lot about astronomy.

Novosibirsk Akademgorodok unites many academies of sciences, institutes, a university, a school with a physics and mathematics bias and residential areas. More than 70 thousand people work and live here. This unique place is one of the main scientific and educational centers in Russia. Academgorodok often hosts scientific symposia, conferences, physics and mathematics olympiads. Science here coexists with a beautiful landscape, creating the impression of a city-forest in which it is easy to breathe.

The Novosibirsk Zoo is one of the largest in Russia, second only to the Moscow and St. Petersburg ones. Its area is 60 hectares, which is home to over 10 thousand animals, among them - a rare species of leopard, you will not see it in any zoo in the world, rare wild cats and monkeys, snow leopards, blue rams, musk ox, white tigers. In total, more than 600 species of animals are accommodated here. Once the Novosibirsk Zoo won a prestigious award, leaving behind many Russian zoos.

Attractions of Novosibirsk

The Novosibirsk metro bridge connects the two parts of the city and is the longest in the world. The metal beam of the bridge, supported by reinforced concrete supports, consists of 7 spans, and the length of the bridge is more than 2 thousand meters.

Other sights of Novosibirsk include the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, built 2 years after the city was founded, the Ascension Cathedral - the largest temple in the city, the chapel of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, the Botanical Garden, as well as the unusual Museum of the Sun and the Museum of Birch Bark.

In the evening, Novosibirsk shimmers with all the colors of the rainbow: it is at this time of day that the illumination of the fountains, as well as the Dmitrovsky and Oktyabrsky bridges, is turned on.

To visit Siberia and not taste real Siberian dumplings is nonsense! They are really hearty here and are made from 3 types of meat. The cafe offers a large selection of delicious pies with a variety of fillings - meat, mushroom, fish, vegetable, and cottage cheese.

So that the trip to Novosibirsk remains not only in memory, figurines of the liger - an animal that lives in the local zoo, as well as birch bark and cedar products, and real felt boots are brought from here. Valenki are vital in the harsh Siberian winter.

What nicknames Rostov-on-Don has! He is “Rostov-papa”, and the “combine capital of Russia”, and even “Azov Liverpool”.

Rostov-on-Don was founded over 250 years ago and named after Saint Dmitry of Rostov. Currently, it consists of 6 districts - Zheleznodorozhny, Kirovsky, Leninsky, Oktyabrsky, Pervomaisky and Sovetsky. Kirovsky district is the historical center of the city, where numerous parks of culture and recreation are located.

Sights of Rostov-on-Don

During its existence, Rostov-on-Don has acquired many attractions, including the embankment of the Don River, the Botanical Garden, the Zoo, the Rostov Sea - a large man-made reservoir, the Kumzhenskaya Grove, the Musical Theater, the Rostov Circus, the Dolphinarium. Located on the outskirts of Rostov-on-Don, the Liventsovskaya fortress, which is approximately 19 thousand years old, will attract the attention of connoisseurs of antiquity.

The Rostov embankment is favorite place walks of residents and guests of the city. There are many bronze and copper monuments installed next to it, flowers grow here in large numbers, and at this time motor ships and boats are slowly sailing along the Don. By the way, the embankment has its own name and is named after Fyodor Ushakov. On the days of city festivities, tables bursting with food are set on the embankment, and traditional Caucasian toasts are heard everywhere, which culminate in the clink of glasses. The main decoration of the Fyodor Ushakov embankment is the dancing fountain "Petrovsky", the jets of which "dance" to the music and shimmer in different colors of illumination in the dark. It works only in summer and until the end of September.

The Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary is the main Orthodox church in the city, built in 1795. During its existence, it was repeatedly rebuilt, as it was dilapidated and came into an emergency condition. Currently, the building of the cathedral is a beautiful temple complex in the Russian-Byzantine style with a high bell tower, made in the style of the Renaissance and Classicism. The height of the bell tower reaches 75 meters. Next to the cathedral is the Cathedral Square, on which a bronze monument to Emperor Alexander II is erected.

The Holy Iversky Monastery is an active nunnery belonging to the Rostov diocese. Its construction began in 1903 and was completed 5 years later. Previously, it was called Fedorovsky, after the name of the merchant who donated money for its construction. During the formation of Soviet power, it ceased its activities and was revived again only in 1991. You can get on an excursion to the monastery by prior arrangement. Tourists can get acquainted with the life of nuns, visit the Church of the Iberian Mother of God.

The active Armenian monastery Surb Khach (or the Church of the Holy Cross) is the oldest stone building in Rostov-on-Don, which is over 300 years old. It was built by the Armenian people who moved from Crimea to the Don in the 17th century under Catherine the Great. It includes a small church with beautiful decoration, a chapel, a long stone staircase and a holy spring. A beautiful view of the Don opens from the windows of the monastery.

Memorial "Zmievskaya Balka" - the burial place of over 27 thousand residents of the city, brutally killed during the Nazi occupation. This is the largest burial in Russia during the Great Patriotic War, and consists of a gray concrete installation with an observation deck, as well as a hall of mourning, decorated with black marble. The eternal flame always burns at the memorial, to which wedding corteges, as well as residents and guests of the city, come.

Monument "Tachanka-Rostovchanka" is a dynamic 15-meter copper monument dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the Great October Revolution. The composition consists of four horses with a cart, a machine-gun crew and a dashing Red Army soldier driving the horses. The site for the installation of the monument was the battlefield, where the First Cavalry Army under the command of Budyonny and part of the Volunteer Army under the command of Admiral Denikin met.

Lovers of alcoholic beverages will undoubtedly be interested in the private Rostov Museum of Wine and Don Moonshine, located in the building hotel complex"Petrovsky pier". Here you can get acquainted with a collection of the best wines made from local grape varieties, as well as learn about the history of Don winemaking, wine production and its proper storage. Wine tasting is a favorite part of excursions for tourists. Each guest of the museum can try to distill dry wine into alcohol. Here you can buy and bring home wine of your choice as a souvenir, as well as clothes of the Don Cossacks and household items.

In addition to these souvenirs, Semikarakorsk ceramics and Cossack attributes, for example, whips, are brought from Rostov-on-Don.

Astrakhan - ancient city on Mother Volga, known since the 13th century. It was once the capital of the Astrakhan Khanate. Modern Astrakhan is a large multinational city in which representatives of various confessions live together peacefully, therefore Christian temples, Muslim mosques and a Buddhist khurul have been built here. This city is famous for its history, which remembers the reign of Ivan the Terrible, under him the Astrakhan Khanate and Stenka Razin ceased to exist. In Soviet times, Astrakhan became famous for its watermelons, smoked sturgeon and beluga balyk.

There are several museums in Astrakhan: Regional Studies, the house-museum of the poet Velimir Khlebnikov, the cultural and historical center of Saray-Batu, which was once the capital of the Golden Horde, which terrified many peoples. In Sarai-Batu you can see Mongolian yurts and ride a camel. Among other cultural objects, it is worth paying attention to the Astrakhan Drama Theater, which celebrated its 200th anniversary in 2010, as well as to the magnificent facade of the building of the Opera and Ballet Theater.

The main attractions of Astrakhan

The Astrakhan Kremlin is the main tourist attraction of the city, the construction of which began in the 16th century. During its construction, material from the ruins of Saray-Batu, the capital of the Golden Horde, was used. The place for the Astrakhan Kremlin was not chosen by chance: swamps and 2 rivers protected it from 3 sides, and there were high observation towers in the corners. The thickness of the fortress walls reached 5 meters. Of the greatest interest among the buildings of the Astrakhan Kremlin are the perfectly preserved Assumption Cathedral and the Trinity Monastery.

The 50-meter majestic Vladimir Cathedral is located in the very center of Astrakhan. Its construction began in 1895 with the support of the City Duma and was completed in 1902. It was built in the Byzantine style and consecrated in honor of Prince Vladimir. Currently, this operating architectural complex has the status of a monument of federal significance.

John the Baptist Monastery, a male monastery, began to be built in 1688 and was built in 1697. It served as an Orthodox church and at the same time was a defensive structure. During its existence, the monastery for various reasons has repeatedly ceased its activities. From 1992 to 2008, restoration work was carried out, since then it has been functioning again. The facade of the temple amazes with its grandeur and beauty, as well as beautiful interior decoration.

In 1722, oaks were planted in Astrakhan, which were necessary for shipbuilding. Peter the Great's oak can be seen on General Gerasimenko Street. This 12-meter tree, the girth of which reaches 5 meters in the widest part, was actually planted by the hands of the Russian emperor-educator. Despite its venerable age, it still produces a good harvest of acorns.

In addition to Christian temples, in the area near Astrakhan, in the village of Liman, there is the only Buddhist khurul in this region. Its construction was started with the support of local authorities in 1997 and completed in 2003. In the center of the temple there is a 1.5-meter statue of Buddha. Khurul parishioners are local Kalmyks, adherents of Buddhism.

Lotus fields with an area of ​​more than 100 hectares are another attraction located near the village of Liman. It is here that the world's largest lotus flowers grow, the diameter of which can exceed 60 cm, and the leaves are even larger - up to 120 cm. From July to September, lotus fields turn pink and white. Incredible in its beauty spectacle! Admiring the beauty of the Caspian lotus, do not forget that it is included in the Red Book.

Astrakhan water divider is a hydraulic structure that was created to control the water flow. With its help, the required water level was ensured during the spawning season of fish on the Volga and in the Buzan River.

After exploring these sights, it's time to start shopping for souvenirs. Most often, tourists buy mugs, T-shirts and magnets depicting the Caspian lotus, plates and postcards depicting the Astrakhan Kremlin, wickerwork from chakan - lake reeds, as well as key rings, key holders made of fish skin. They also do not forget about buying local watermelons, delicious caviar and delicious fish.

Arriving in Astrakhan, tourists, as a rule, tend to ride a camel in Saray-Batu, sit with a fishing rod on the banks of the Volga. While in Astrakhan, it is a sin not to taste the local cuisine. Of course, fish dishes prevail in it: balyk, heh, "triple" fish soup, smoked sterlet, caviar. Meat is also cooked here, for example, kebabs, kebabs, steaks, Azerbaijani saj. All this splendor is washed down with Astrakhan beer, which has earned high praise from everyone who has tried it.

Interesting cities in Russia? The ratings given by Internet search engines are usually compiled on the basis of statistics for queries such as "attractions ..." or "what to see in ...". Based on these data, we decided to compile a list of interesting places in Russia, dividing the cities into categories.

The most interesting millionaire cities

According to 2016 data, there are 15 large cities in Russia, the population of which exceeds 1 million people. Undoubtedly, the most interesting and beautiful among them are Moscow, St. Petersburg and Kazan.

Moscow - the main city of Russia, which has a long history. There are many interesting places that attract both tourists from other cities and foreign guests. The main attraction, which is visited by a huge number of people every day, is Red Square. Here you can admire the Kremlin towers, see the changing of the guard at the eternal flame and visit St. Basil's Cathedral.

In addition to Red Square, there are many more amazing and beautiful places in Moscow:

Well, and of course, we must not forget about such wonderful places that are simply created for walking, such as the old Arbat, Vorobyovy Gory, Victory Park, VDNKh.

city ​​of federal significance. Compared to Moscow, this is a fairly young city, but, according to many tourists, it surpasses the capital in beauty.

it is the capital of the Republic of Tatarstan. The city is located at the confluence of the Kazanka River and the Volga. Kazan is an ancient city; in 2005 it celebrated its millennium. But despite its venerable age, it can be safely called a youth city. There are many specialized secondary and higher educational institutions, where students from all over Russia study. In Kazan there is a place to have a good rest and culturally enrichment. Here are some must-see places for all visitors to this city.

The Golden Ring of Russia is a whole a tourist route, which is laid through eight ancient cities. Among them, 4 cities are considered by tourists to be the most interesting and beautiful.

Suzdal - quite a small town with a population of only about 10,000 people. It is called the capital of the Golden Ring. It was here that the classic of Soviet cinema "The Marriage of Balzaminov" was filmed. Suzdal is a city-reserve, where you can find a historical monument almost at every step. The most visited place here is the Suzdal Kremlin, which is the most ancient part of the city. You can wander around Suzdal for hours, admiring the churches, wooden huts with skillful carvings, and just the beauty of nature. Of course, this is the city where you want to return.

Kostroma. This city, where at one time the fate of the Russian state was decided, is spread out on the banks of the Volga. There are many temples, museums and monasteries here.

Vladimir. This ancient city was once the capital of the Vladimir principality. It is famous for its unique architecture and picturesque landscapes.

it is an ancient city, it was founded by Yuri Dolgoruky in the XII century. There are many entertaining museums here that will undoubtedly please both children and adults:

In addition, in Pereslavl-Zalessky it is worth visiting its main attraction - the Dormition Goritsky Monastery. This is a whole complex consisting of a chapel, churches, a cathedral, a bathhouse, a belfry and a school building.

The most interesting cities on the Black Sea coast

There are many beautiful and interesting cities, but I would especially like to mention Sevastopol and Sochi.

Recently, it is another, third in a row, city of federal significance. Probably not enough even a month to visit all interesting places this city. Everything here is saturated with the military history of our country. Here is just a small list of what is worth seeing in Sevastopol:

Not far from Sevastopol, you can see a beautiful place - Cape Fiolent. There are picturesque cliffs, clear water and a jasper beach, to which about 800 steps lead.

Sochi. Recently, thanks to the 2014 Winter Olympics, this resort town has undergone a significant transformation. Now Sochi has become not only a popular Russian vacation spot. To ride alpine skiing, European tourists also come here. The most famous sights of Sochi:

And, of course, one cannot but remember a city like Kaliningrad. Its entire appearance suggests that this is a city built in accordance with European architectural traditions. Here you can see ancient fortresses, temples, stroll through parks and reserves, visit museums.

Of course, these are not all the most interesting cities. The rating can be replenished, because our country is huge and there are many interesting places in it.