How to build an excursion. Individual text of the excursion. Description of goods and services


* Calculations are based on average data for Russia

49 000 ₽

Initial attachments

121 500 ₽

81 000 ₽

Net profit

2 months

Payback period

City walking tours are leisure activities that allow you to delve deeper into the history of the streets. In the business plan, we will consider excursions with elements of the performance, which can bring from 80 thousand rubles.

1. SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT

This business plan deals with a walking tour project in a city of over 1 million. The project is the organization of events in the format “excursion + street performance”. The financial resources required to start the project will amount to 49 thousand rubles. and will be used for the purchase of excursion equipment, the creation of presentation materials, the purchase of costumes for actors and stage attributes.

The projected amount of revenue per month for one excursion per week and the participation of 15 excursionists in it will amount to 121.5 thousand rubles, net profit 81.5 thousand rubles. The financial plan is designed for a three-year period of activity. After that, it is planned to expand the types of excursions and update the program of events. The project will require a preparatory stage for a period of 3 months, necessary for writing a script, conducting test excursions and rehearsals, as well as creating advertising products and pre-filling social networks.

Table 1. Key project indicators


2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY AND COMPANY

City walking tours are an increasingly popular type of excursion that allows participants to delve deeper into the history of the streets, explore objects and imagine themselves as part of past events. Unlike bus tours, they allow for more flexible routes and provide participants with a logical and coherent vision. The length of such routes usually does not exceed 6 kilometers, while the duration is no more than 3 hours.

From the point of view of organization, walking excursions require much less financial and time costs, since there is no need to conclude an agreement with a transport company, coordinate the time of movement with the driver and adjust the route of the excursion to the rules road traffic... At the same time, the creation walking route requires a more thoughtful scenario. Display objects should be fairly close to each other. Physical readiness is required from sightseers, and from a guide - the ability to keep the pace and promptly drive those who lag behind the group. Feature excursion business v largest cities such as Moscow and St. Petersburg is a high level of competition. In other cities with a population of one million and regional centers with a population of less than a million inhabitants, the competition is not so significant, but it is rather difficult to immediately stand out against the background of existing proposals.


This project proposes the organization of events, the format of which will combine an excursion with a thematic performance on the history of the city. The choice of this format was due to the high competition among the organizers of excursions. On the one hand, such an event will require a lot of time and money to organize, on the other hand, if it is well positioned, it will attract public attention and can become one of the most significant cultural events in the city. The project will be implemented on its own on the basis of the organizer's knowledge of the history of the city and interest in local history, the presence of some skills in this area, a certificate of completion of courses for guides, as well as personal connections with creative personalities of the city, who will be involved in the performance in as partners.

3. DESCRIPTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES

Initially, two excursion scenarios will be developed, each of which will include a short 30-minute excursion-themed street performance. The duration of one of the events will be 3 hours, the other 2 hours and 30 minutes. Participation fees will be split for children and adults (see Table 2). The cost was determined taking into account the analysis of competitors' proposals. So, the cost of the usual walking tour in the regions varies from 400 to 650 rubles, the cost of bus excursions or excursions with any additional services, including a quest, a coffee break, etc. ranged from 1100 to 1500 rubles. Thus, 800-950 rubles is, with one more expensive option compared to regular excursions, but at the same time more profitable against the background of similar offers.

Table 2. Description of goods and services


We also note that at the start of the project, it is planned to conduct two or three free excursions to draw attention to the project, when the tourists themselves determine the level of remuneration for the guide. In addition, excursionists will have access to free audio materials and photographs offered by the guide during the excursion, incentive prizes for activity during the excursion (badges, souvenirs, key rings, etc.).

4.SALES AND MARKETING

The target audience of the project will be, on the one hand, the age audience actively interested in the history of the city (mainly women aged 35-40), on the other hand, creative youth from 18 to 30 years old, as well as tourists and guests of the city. The process of organizing sales and advertising will require several stages.

    Preparatory stage. At this stage, two months before the start of sales, pages are created in in social networks Vkontakte, Odnoklassniki and Instagram, which are planned to be used as generators of the main stream during the main period of work. Communities are filled with thematic content on the history of the city, a preliminary recruitment of the target audience is made, advertising messages are published about a set of trial free excursions. A one-page website is being created with basic information about the cost, time of excursions, itinerary and contacts for an appointment. Advertising templates are created and advertisements are printed.

    First stage. Two or three free excursions are held, during which photographs are taken, feedback from participants is collected, and gaps in the organization that have arisen along the way are eliminated. Whenever possible, the attention of the Internet media and television is attracted. Further, advertising posts are published in popular groups of the city in social networks. There is an active distribution of advertisements in places visited by tourists.

    The main stage. Ongoing advertising activities using all available channels to reach the target audience. At the same time, contacts are being established with the heads of museums, cultural and entertainment institutions, anti-cafes, who can place advertisements on their own sites, and ads are being distributed. The following can also be used as additional channels of customer inflow:

    own blog of the city history guide;

    partnerships with travel companies with the transfer of clients for a percentage;

    partnership with information tourist centers(transferring clients for a percentage, placing advertisements or business cards).


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Table 3 shows the approximate expenses for advertising purposes in the main period of work. Filling content groups in social networks and updating information on the site is planned to be organized on its own. Applications for participation in the excursion will be accepted by telephone, payment will be collected by the organizer before the start of the event. In the future, it is planned to use special services (timepad and others).

5. PRODUCTION PLAN

At the initial stage, it is planned to organize excursions-performances with a frequency of once a week - on Saturdays or Sundays, in the daytime. To create performances, you will need to hire actors from among the volunteers of the acting circle at one of the city's universities. The cast will include five permanent actors and three people who play either cameo roles or are called on to replace. To start the activity, you will need to purchase the necessary stage and excursion equipment. Expenses for these purposes will amount to about 39.2 thousand rubles.

Table 4. List necessary equipment and inventory

When conducting one excursion per week, taking into account the participation of 10 adult excursionists with an average check of 900 rubles, the monthly proceeds will be 81 thousand rubles. This plan is planned to be adhered to during the first year of operation. The plan for the second year of operation will be 15 participants per excursion, i.e. 121.5 thousand rubles per month In the future, with an increase in the number of participants and the organization of two excursions per week, the planned revenue can be increased by one and a half to two times.

6. ORGANIZATIONAL PLAN

The project will require a preparatory period of 3 months, during which the route of the excursion, the script of the performances is created, rehearsals are organized, the selection of actors, etc. Unlike many countries in the world, Russia does not require a license to provide excursion services. In order for the activity to be carried out within the framework of the legal field, only the registration of an individual entrepreneur is required. Activity codes according to OKVED:

  • 79.90.2 Activities for the provision of excursion tourism services
  • 79.90.22 Activities of independent guides and guides in the provision of excursion tourist services.

The deadline for processing documents for registration of an individual entrepreneur will be 3 days. The state duty is 800 rubles. The most expedient taxation system for this type of business is a simplified one, where the object of taxation is income of 6%.

Documents for business on walking tours:

We will also give a list of documents required to conduct activities within the framework of the legal field:

    contract for services where all offers of excursions, their obligations and those moments for which the company is not responsible will be indicated;

    job description for staff... It details the job responsibilities for each position and an action plan in the event of an emergency;

    contracts with employees... Not necessarily according to the Labor Code, but the contractual basis must be fixed;

    for employees (preferably) - a document that confirms the status of a teacher of history / culture / philology, etc. or the right to engage in tourist business.


Additionally, it is necessary to draw up a memo for clients, rules safe behavior along the route and a list of possible sources of hazards that may be encountered. Also, in some cases, the guides require accreditation. For example, to conduct excursions, foreigners need a special permit from the state sample.

The project team

The project team will include two organizers and at the same time performers of the project in the person of the guide and the head of the theater troupe, as well as the actors themselves.

    Guide. This is a person with a historical or philological education, who knows English language, who is fond of local history and the history of the city, has a certificate of passing the courses of a guide from a specialized training center that trains personnel for the tourism industry. Personal qualities: communication skills, competent speech, well-placed voice, creativity and resourcefulness, the talent of a teacher and psychologist, patience.

    Head of the theater troupe. She has experience as a director in a student theater, talent as an organizer, advertiser, designer.

    Actors. A group of actors of eight people (five regular actors, three - on the substitution), participants in major theatrical competitions, city performances, a troupe at the student theater. The actors will be paid 500 rubles per performance. Based on the experience of such projects, it is recommended to select a replacement troupe for all roles (in case of illness of the actors, failure to appear at rehearsals / performance for family or other reasons, etc.).

7. FINANCIAL PLAN

The financial plan takes into account all the income and expenses of the project. Initial investments in the project will amount to 49 thousand rubles. The expenses of the main period of work will include the wages of the actors - 22,500 rubles, the cost of advertising and promoting the project. A detailed financial plan of the project, taking into account tax deductions, is given in Appendix 1.

Table 5. Investment costs of the project

NAME

AMOUNT, rub.

Equipment and inventory

Equipment for excursions

Inventory for performances

Intangible assets

IP registration

Leaflet printing

Funds for the salaries of actors (for the first 2 excursions)


Table 6. Costs of the main period







8. EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE

Thanks to the minimum investment, the project is able to pay off in the second month after the start of sales of excursions. The annual turnover of the project in the first year will amount to 972 thousand rubles, net profit - 521.8 thousand rubles. Profitability - 53%. Annual turnover in the second year - 1,458 thousand rubles, net profit - 978.2 thousand rubles, profitability - 67%.

9. RISKS AND WARRANTIES

The project will require minimal investment in opening, there are absolutely no expenses for rent and binding to any real estate and material values ​​(the product is intellectual and acting work), and therefore all financial risks are minimal. Most of the possible difficulties can be associated with internal problems - mistakes in the organization, incorrect promotion, incorrect presentation of information by excursionists, etc. These risks are prevented, firstly, through thorough preparatory work, which should include writing a high-quality scenario for the excursion and the performance, and testing them. Secondly, a competent analysis of the market is important: monitoring of all current offers in the field, analysis of the pricing and advertising policies of competitors, their methods of smoothing out the seasonality factor, and so on. The key factor for the main period will be work on improving the quality of services, expanding the list of services, implementing feedback with clients and advertising.

There are also external risk factors - competition, an unfavorable situation in the country's economy, affecting the population's ability to pay and forcing them to give up leisure, and so on. To minimize these factors, high-quality promotion is necessary from the first days of the project's existence, and in the long term - the acquisition of status and recognition of the event as a significant cultural event in the city, which is attended by representatives of medium and large companies and which is actively advised to tourists and guests of the city.

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PLAN CONSIDERATION OF THE MASTER CLASS

"HOW TO PREPARE AND CARRY OUT AN EXCURSION TO THE MUSEUM"

Target: familiarizing teachers with the main aspects of work experience

on organizing and conducting excursions in the school local history museum.

Master class objectives:

To convey your experience through direct and commented demonstration of the sequence of actions, methods, techniques and forms of pedagogical activity;

Joint development of methodological approaches and techniques for solving the problem;

Create an emotional positive attitude towards business cooperation, stimulate the activity of participants through the inclusion of teachers in work in subgroups;

Reflection of their own professional skills by the participants of the master class.

Equipment: multimedia installation, museum exhibits, texts, documents, handouts.

Plan

    Organizational and motivational stage (induction)

    Experience presentation

    Creating a problem situation

    Simulation (simulated game)

    Physical education

    Advertising

    Summarizing

    Reflection

Master class progress

    Organizational and motivational stage

Greetings to the participants of the master class.

Topic announcement.

Joint goal-setting.

What needs to be done to prepare and conduct a tour of the museum?

As an epigraph for today's meeting, I chose a poem

"Free talk":
- Let's talk?- About what?- About miscellaneous and so on.- About what is good,- And not very good.- You know something.

- And something I know.- Let's talk?- Let's talk.- Suddenly it will be interesting.

II ... Experience presentation

This is our 1st lesson, in which we will get to know the local history museum high school No. 1, its sections. On your tables lie Business Cards museum. During an extramural excursion to our school local history museum, you will get to know him in more detail.

( Presentation about the school local history museum of the State Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 1, Starye Dorogi named after the Hero of the Soviet Union F.F. Kulikov " ).

    Creating a problem situation

And now the time has come to set the task for our meeting. In the course of your work, we will select guides, researchers, journalists, those without whom it is impossible to imagine the activities of any museum.

Before going on an excursion, I want to treat you and invite you to our museum. (Participants are encouraged to choose a candy)

Now I will ask you to take a seat at the table that matches the color of your section.

We are not with you in our museum, but you have a unique opportunity to visit it not only virtually through a presentation, but also to really see, evaluate and work with exhibits using a mobile museum - “Museum in a Suitcase”. What do you think can fit in such a small suitcase??

I would like to invite you to learn how to evaluate a museum piece together, give it characteristics and talk about it. It is not for nothing that there is a saying: "Things speak!"

Participants of the master class are invited to work together with the master.

Without fully studying it, it is impossible to judge the subject as a whole. We would like to draw your attention to one of the exhibits of our school local history museum - glak (vessel). Our task is to describe it and find out where, when, by whom, what it was used for and what material was used to make it. We must apply the information received in order to compose the text of the excursion and conduct it.

    Modeling

(Group work)

I. On the tables are museum exhibits, documents, texts.

Each group needs:

1. Compose a story with a display of the exhibit with explanations (for journalists)

2. Get acquainted with archival documents and draw a conclusion (for researchers)

3.According to the proposed text, conduct an excursion in your section (for guides)

1 group ( Literary Starodorozhchina) (books by old town authors: K.Tsvirko, A.Usenya)

2nd group (There was a people's war) (cap, letters from the front)

Group 3 (Folk crafts) (belt, pottery bowl)

4 group (Matulya-school) (pen with inkwell, petition to open a school)

5 group (Starodorozhsky land) (the book "Old Roads", a stone with a hole (tool) 2-1 thousand BC).

    Physical education

    Advertising

(Presentation of the group work of the participants of the master class)

    Summarizing

1 . Upon completion of the work, everyone is awarded the title:

    guide,

    researcher,

    journalist.

2. Joint practical work

The emblem of the local history circle. To keep in memory for a long time the memories of visiting various interesting places, people usually acquire objects depicting some objects of the area where they have been. We will also assemble the emblem of our educational institution together with you. Putting a high school emblem out of the mosaic

1. Each group has a puzzle piece on the table for a single picture.(We glue it on a large Whatman paper).

So I believe that after our master class you got an idea of ​​what the job of a museum worker is. After your own attempts to describe the exhibit, compose a story about it and apply it during the excursion, you will be remembered for a long time.

    Reflection

Game "Suitcase of WISHES"


To each participant in turn: all the group members put together a “suitcase of wishes” at parting, putting in it the exhibits with which they worked. Everyone speaks and be sure to express their admiration for the positive aspects of the personality and formulates their wishes.

What did you get from the master class?

Did your hopes come true?

Many thanks to work.

One thing is undeniable:

Even though you don't go out into the world,

And in the field outside the outskirts, -

While you follow someone,

The road will not be remembered.

But wherever you go

And what a muddy road

The road that I myself was looking for

It will never be forgotten.

I want you to let everything you hear through your heart, then you will succeed.

Clay

Narrowed towards the top, wide rounded at the bottom

Satisfy.

Milk storage

Museum of Secondary School No. 1, section: folk crafts Clay

Narrowed towards the top, wide rounded shape at the bottom

Satisfy.

Milk storage

Clay

Satisfy.

Milk storage

Museum of Secondary School No. 1, section: folk

trades

Clay

Narrowed towards the top, wide rounded at the bottom

Satisfy.

Milk storage

Clay

Narrowed towards the top, wide rounded at the bottom

Satisfy.

Milk storage

Clay

Narrow, self-woven from colored threads

Satisfy.

Wearing clothes

Clay

wide rounded shape

Satisfy.

For food

Glass, metal nib

Pen with grip, square inkwell with nib stand

Satisfy.

Writing texts

paper

letter

Copy

School opening

Book

"Old Drogi"

paper

Book with illustrations of the city

Satisfy.

Exploring the history of the city

A rock

Stone with a hole inside for the handle

Satisfy.

Processing of skins

Stone tool: To.II- early.Ithousand BC, the village of Levki, Starodorozhsky district, during the field work of students

Book "Old Roads": a gift from the teacher of history, Stanilevich I.M.

Letter of application for opening a school:

Feather with inkwell: To.XIX- early.XXcentury, student gift

Pottery bowl: To.XIX- early.XXcentury, a gift to the museum from a local resident of the village of Starye Dorogi

Woven belt: earlyXXcentury, a gift to the museum from a local resident of the village of Zaluzhie

Pilot:

Letters from the front:

K. Tsvirko:

A. Usenya:

State cultural institution

4.organization of inspection

5.presence of a route

TO peculiarities Museum excursions should be attributed to the great mobility and frequent change of themes and routes due to the constant development of the exposition (the introduction of new themes, exhibits, partial re-expositions, etc.). The museum excursion is limited to the space of the exhibition space. During the excursion, the guide cannot use pauses; his opportunities for relaxation, preparation of the group for the perception of new material are limited. Often, exhibits presented to tourists in variety and variety scatter the group's attention, and the guide has to put a lot of skill and effort into organizing and directing the audience's attention to the desired exhibit.

All of the above should be taken into account when preparing and conducting a tour of the museum.

Depending on the breadth of the topic, the depth of its disclosure, excursions are divided into overview and thematic. Also, in some cases, there are cyclic excursions.

The most common type of excursion is sightseeing tour.

Its purpose is to give the visitor general idea about the museum, its collections, the exposition in general.

Thematic excursion Is a guided tour on one specific topic. She sets the task of full and deep disclosure of the topic using the maximum of the material related to it, presented in the exhibition.

Thematic tours are not available in all non-state museums. Their presence depends on the profile of the museum, the nature of its main themes, exhibition area, the number of sections and topics, and most importantly, on the variety and richness of museum material.

Cycle excursions for non-state museums, this is a rare phenomenon, since they require the unification of excursions by a single topic, work with the same group of visitors in a certain sequence for a certain time.

II. Preparation of a museum excursion

1. The beginning of work on a new excursion is determination of the topic, purpose, range of issues that need to be covered.

All these components of the initial stage of work depend, first of all, on the profile of the museum, the collections that are on display, as well as the demand of visitors.

IV. Excursion methodology

The main methods and techniques for conducting an excursion are outlined in the process of developing its content. However, they receive concrete forms and a complete character only after special working out at the exposition, in conditions as close as possible to the excursion. The guide must, in practice, choose the most successful methodological techniques for the given exposition.

Distinguish the following general techniques guiding the excursion:

2.story

In practice, they all act in interconnection, ultimately forming a single excursion method. Its main requirement is the organic connection of the show with the story, but, as a rule, during the guided tour, the show precedes the story. An exhibit display is not a simple demonstration of an item. Each material presented in the exhibition carries certain information and plays a certain role. The task of the guide is to convey this to the sightseers.

When conducting a specific excursion, display and story methods are implemented through a number of techniques, such as:

1.verbal or mental reconstruction (recreation of an event based on the materials presented in the exhibition)

2.comparison

3.citation of the exhibited documents (read-out excerpts should be skillfully combined with the display of the exhibit itself, help to reveal the topic)

Conversation is an integral part of any excursion. First of all, these are the introductory and final parts of the excursion, which were discussed above. Separate elements of the conversation are introduced into the main part of the excursion, having thought over the questions for the tourists in advance.

In addition to the demonstration, story and conversation, which form the basis of the excursion methodology, additional techniques are often used in the museum excursion: listening to sound recordings of the memories of the participants in the events, which are discussed in the excursion, watching videos, filmstrips, etc. methods should be followed only in those cases if this material is bright, emotional, saturated with information. The duration of such "inserts" should not exceed 4-5 minutes. Otherwise, the attention of tourists will be scattered, interest in continuing the excursion will decrease.

For a more complete disclosure of the topic with a small number of exhibits, you can resort to using additional, auxiliary material not included in the exhibition: photographs, reproductions, copies, diagrams, maps, drawings, etc. (the so-called "guide's portfolio").

V. Some rules of the excursion

The success of the excursion depends on many factors. The guide is required to:

Knowledge of the material

Correct speech

Impeccable look

Ability to establish contact with the group, etc.

During the excursion, the guide should arrange the group in such a way that the excursionists, without exception, could see the exposition material with which they this moment work in progress. The guide's place is between the group (1.5 m from it) and the stand. When showing with a pointer this or that material (unless a document is read out or certain features of the exhibit are indicated), the guide should address the group and observe its reaction. The indifference of the guide to the behavior of the audience, as well as the manifestation of a bad mood by him, is not permissible. The guide is a kind of actor. And on how he prepares his role and plays it in public, the success of all the work on preparing the excursion and conducting it for a specific excursion group largely depends.

Vi. Improving the excursion

Before going out with a prepared excursion to the group, the guide must present it to a more experienced and knowledgeable employee for listening, and then the excursion is officially accepted by a commission, which may include representatives of the museum administration, staff members, members of the Museum Council.

But even after the commission accepts the excursion, the work on it is not considered complete.

It is necessary to continue studying the chosen topic - to get acquainted with new publications, clarify information about the exhibits, listen to excursions of other guides, analyze the reaction of visitors.

This will provide an opportunity to constantly improve the excursion, make it more relevant, attractive for tourists, and, consequently, increase interest in the museum as a whole.

2.3. Excursion route planning

Excursion route represents the most convenient route for the excursion group, contributing to the disclosure of the topic. It is built depending on the most correct sequence for a given excursion to inspect objects, the availability of sites for the location of the group, the need to ensure the safety of tourists. One of the objectives of the route is to contribute to the fullest disclosure of the topic.

The main requirements that must be taken into account by the planners of the route are the organization of the display of objects in a logical sequence and the provision of a visual basis for the disclosure of the topic.

In the practice of excursion institutions, there are three options for building routes: chronological, thematic and thematic-chronological.

An example of a chronological route is excursions dedicated to the life and work of prominent people.

Excursions related to the disclosure of a specific topic in the life of the city (for example, "Arkhangelsk is under construction", "Literary suburbs", etc.) are organized according to the thematic principle.

All city sightseeing excursions are structured according to the thematic and chronological principle. The sequence of presentation of the material in chronology in such excursions is observed, as a rule, only when each subtopic is disclosed.

Route development- a complex multi-stage procedure that requires a sufficiently high qualification and is one of the main elements of the technology for creating new excursion... When developing bus route should be guided by the "Rules of the road", "Charter of road transport", "Rules for the carriage of passengers" and other departmental regulations.

Objects, depending on their role in the excursion, can be used as the main and additional.

The main objects are subjected to a deeper analysis, subtopics of the excursion are revealed on them.

The display of additional objects, as a rule, is carried out when the excursion group moves (transitions) and does not occupy a dominant position.

The route is built according to the principle of the most correct sequence of inspection of objects and is planned taking into account the following requirements:

The display of objects should be carried out in a certain logical sequence, avoiding unnecessary repeated passes along the same section of the route (street, square, bridge, highway), that is, the so-called "loops";
- availability of the object (site for its inspection);
- moving or transition between objects should not take 10-15 minutes, so that there are no too long pauses in the show and story;
- availability of comfortable stops, including sanitary and parking spaces for vehicles.

It is recommended to have several options for group movement at the time of the excursion. The need to change the route in some cases is caused by traffic jams, repair work on city highways. All this should be taken into account when creating various route options.

The development of the bus route ends with the coordination and approval of the passport and route scheme, calculation of the mileage and time of using vehicles.

Bypassing (bypassing) a route

Bypassing (bypassing) a route is one of the important stages in the development of a new excursion theme. When organizing a detour (detour) of the route, the following tasks are set:

1) familiarize yourself with the layout of the route, streets, squares along which the route is laid;
2) specify the place where the object is located, as well as the place of the intended stop sightseeing bus or a walking group;
3) master the bus access to objects or parking lots;
4) conduct the timing of the time required to show the objects, their verbal characteristics and the movement of the bus (pedestrian group), as well as clarify the duration of the excursion in general;
5) check the expediency of using the intended display objects;
6) choose the best points for displaying objects and options for the location of the excursion group;
7) choose a method of acquaintance with the object;
8) in order to ensure the safety of the movement of tourists along the route, identify potentially dangerous places and take measures.

Preparation of the control text of the excursion

The text is the material necessary for the full disclosure of all the sub-topics included in the excursion. The text is intended to provide a thematic focus of the guide's story, it formulates a certain point of view on the facts and events to which the excursion is devoted, and gives an objective assessment of the objects shown.

Requirements for the text: brevity, clarity of wording, the required amount of factual material, availability of information on the topic, full disclosure of the topic, literary language.

The text of the excursion is compiled by a creative group when developing a new topic and performs control functions. This means that each guide must build his story, taking into account the requirements of this text (control text).

The control text in most cases contains a chronological presentation of the material. This text does not reflect the structure of the excursion and is not built in a route sequence, with the distribution of the presented material by stops where the analysis of excursion objects takes place. The control text is carefully selected and verified by sources material, which is the basis for all excursions on this topic. Using the provisions and conclusions that are contained in the control text, the guide builds his own individual text.

Based on the test text, options for excursions on the same topic can be created, including for children and adults, for various groups of workers.

In order to facilitate the work on creating such options, the control text may include materials related to objects, sub-topics and main issues that were not included in the route of this excursion.

In addition to the materials for the guide's story, the control text includes materials that should form the content of the introductory word and conclusion of the excursion, as well as logical transitions. It should be user-friendly. Quotes, figures and examples are accompanied by links to sources.

Acquisition of the "tour guide portfolio"

"Tour guide's portfolio"is the symbolic name of a set of visual aids used during the excursion. These aids are usually placed in a folder or a small portfolio.

One of the tasks of the "tour guide portfolio" is to reconstruct the missing links in the show. In excursions, it often happens that not all the objects necessary for the disclosure of the topic have been preserved. For example, sightseers cannot see a historic building that has been destroyed over time; the village destroyed during the Great Patriotic War, etc. Sometimes it becomes necessary to give an idea of original form of the place where the building in question was built (residential area). For this purpose, for example, photographs of a village or a vacant lot, panoramas of the construction of an enterprise, a residential area are used. The task may also arise to show what will be at the inspected place in the near future. In this case, excursionists are shown projects of buildings, structures, monuments.

During excursions it is necessary to show photographs of people who are related to this object or events associated with it (for example, portraits of members of the Wolfe family - friends of Alexander Pushkin - during an excursion around the "Pushkin Ring of the Upper Volga Region").

The excursion is made more convincing by the demonstration of copies of original documents, manuscripts, literary works, about which the guide tells.

And one more important task of visual aids on excursions - give a visual representation of the object(plants, minerals, mechanisms by showing genuine samples or their photographs, models, dummies).

The "guide's portfolio" includes photographs geographic Maps, diagrams, drawings, pictures, product samples, etc. Such "portfolios" are created, as a rule, for each topic. They are a constant companion of the guide and help to make any journey into the past and present more exciting and rewarding. The content of the "portfolio" is dictated by the topic of the excursion.

The visual aids of the "tour guide portfolio" should be user-friendly. Their number should not be large, since in this case the manuals will distract excursionists from examining the original objects, scatter their attention.

The members of the creative group, preparing a new excursion, select from the visual materials at their disposal the most expressive ones that can help the guide in covering the topic. The technique of demonstrating visual aids is tested on the route. Then the recommendations on the use of the materials of the "portfolio" are included in the methodological development.

Each exhibit included in the "portfolio" is accompanied by a leaflet with explanations or reference material. Sometimes explanations are glued to the back of the exhibit. This annotation serves as a source material for the guide when showing the exhibit to sightseers.

The list of visual materials of a certain topic included in the "guide's portfolio" should be updated throughout the development of a new excursion topic.

Museums, exhibitions, archives provide great assistance in the selection of visual materials for the "portfolio" of excursion organizations.

Determination of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion

The success of the excursion directly depends on the methodological techniques show and story. The choice of this or that methodological method is dictated by the tasks set for the excursion, the informational richness of a particular object.

The work of the creative group at this stage consists of several parts: selection of the most effective methodological techniques for highlighting sub-topics, methodological techniques that are recommended depending on the excursion audience (adults, children), the time of the excursion (winter, summer, day, evening), features showing; determining the methods of preserving the attention of tourists and activating the process of perceiving excursion material; development of recommendations on the use of expressive means in the speech of the guide; selection of the rules of the excursion technique. It is equally important to determine the technology for using methodological techniques.

Determination of the excursion technique

The excursion technique unites all organizational issues of the excursion process. Authors bus excursion, for example, they carefully think over when and where excursionists go out to inspect an object, how excursionists move between objects, how and when exhibits of a "guide's portfolio" are shown, etc. Relevant entries are made in the column of methodological development "Organizational instructions". These instructions are also addressed to the bus driver. For example, where to put the bus, where you need to go slower to observe the object from the window. Separate instructions refer to excursionists (observance of safety rules on the street, getting off the bus, accommodation in the cabin). It is important to formulate recommendations on the use of breaks in the excursion; on observance of the time allotted for coverage of sub-topics, organization of answers to questions from tourists; on the technique of using the "portfolio" exhibits; about the order of laying wreaths, etc. No less important are the instructions about the place of the guide when showing objects, guiding the independent work of tourists on the route, conducting a story while the bus is moving.

Drawing up a methodological development

Methodological development - a document that defines how to conduct a given excursion, how best to organize the display of monuments, what methodology and technique of conducting should be applied to make the excursion effective. The methodological development sets out the requirements of the excursion methodology, taking into account the features of the objects on display and the content of the material presented. She disciplines the guide and must meet the following requirements: prompt the guide on the way to reveal the topic; equip him with the most effective methodological techniques of display and story; contain clear recommendations on the organization of the excursion; take into account the interests of a certain group of tourists (if there are excursion options); combine the show and the story into a single whole.

Methodological development is drawn up on each topic of the excursion, including with a differentiated approach to the preparation and conduct of the excursion. In the variants of the methodological development, the age, professional and other interests of the tourists, the peculiarities of the methodology of its implementation, are reflected.

The methodological development is formalized as follows:

The title page contains data: the name of the excursion institution, the name of the topic of the excursion, the type of excursion, the length of the route, the duration in academic hours, the composition of the excursionists, the names and positions of the compilers, the date of the approval of the excursion by the head of the excursion institution.
- on the next page, the purpose and objectives of the excursion, a route diagram indicating objects and stops during the excursion are described.

Methodical development consists of three sections: introduction, main part and conclusion. The introduction and conclusion are not distributed among the columns. For example, what the recommendations for a guide look like on the construction of an introduction to the methodological development of an excursion on the topic - "Tyumen - the gateway to Siberia": "First of all, you need to get to know the group, name the guide and driver, then remind the excursionists about the rules of behavior on the bus, warning them that they will be able to ask questions and share their impressions when there is time for this. part of the introduction should be bright, emotional. It can begin with poems by AS Pushkin or a quote - the statement of the Decembrists about the untold riches of Siberia, the great future of this harsh land. " The landing place of the group is determined in working order together with the customer, the starting point of the excursion is determined by the methodological development.

Table 2.1

An example of a methodological development of an excursion

Route Stop Display objects Time Name of subtopics and list of main questions Organizational guidelines Methodical instructions
New Basmannaya st. - M. Razgulyay - Baumanskaya st. On the way New Basmannaya street; cathedral of st. Paul;
no. 16 on Novaya Basmannaya st., no. 2 on Spartakovskaya st.
Subtopic I: Pushkinskaya Moscow
1. Former German settlement -
one of the aristocratic districts of Moscow in the 18th-19th centuries.
2. New Basmannaya st. - corner of Pushkinskaya
Moscow
The story is told in slow motion of the bus 1. Use the technique of reporting, giving a description of the former German settlement. Observe the synchronicity of the story and display of objects located on different streets
2. Characterizing the appearance of the German settlement
the end of the 18th century, when the Pushkins settled here, use the layout and development of Novaya Basmannaya Street for display. Use
in the story, the names of the lanes along which the route passes, to characterize the past. Mention the surviving on the banks of the river. Yauza houses of nobles (Lefortovo Palace, Slobodskoy Palace, etc.)
Baumanskaya st., 8/10 Stop in the courtyard of the school. A.S. Pushkin number 353 School building them. A.S. Pushkin,
Memorial plaque
with a bas-relief of Pushkin the Child on the facade of the building
3. Place of birth of the poet
4. "My ancestry"
5. Childhood of the poet
Get the group out of the bus, bring
to the school building, stop at the memorial plaque. Then bring to the monument
A.S. Pushkin, placing the group so that you can see the school yard, the monument, buildings to the left and right of it
3. Verbal reconstruction of this corner of the German settlement at the end of the 18th century. Show: the relief of the school courtyard (the dried-up bed of the Kukui stream), preserved wings (house 8), reminiscent of the Skvortsov estate,
in which A.S. Pushkin was born.
Revealing questions 4, 5, cite excerpts from the works "My genealogy" and "Guests gathered at the dacha." Use the "guide's portfolio" (views of old Moscow, Lefortovo, portraits of relatives
A.S. Pushkin).
Variant of the logical transition of the topic:
"VL Pushkin - influenced the formation of the future poet's literary tastes"

The effectiveness of the methodological development depends on the correct filling of all seven columns. Development size - 6-12 typewritten pages. The length of the document depends on the number of excursion objects, the number of subtopics, the duration of the excursion in time and the length of the route.

In the column " Excursion route"is the starting point of the excursion and the end of the I subtopic.

In the column " Stops"those points of the route are called where the exit from the bus is envisaged; it is supposed to inspect the object from the windows of the bus without excursions coming out or it is planned to stop on a walking tour. You should not make such inaccurate entries as, for example:" Volga River Embankment "or" Central Square ". write down: "The Volga river embankment near the monument to N. A. Nekrasov".

In the column " Display objects"list those memorable places, main and additional objects that are shown to the group at the stop, during the move or movement of the group to the next stop.

In a suburban excursion, the objects of display can be a whole city, village, urban-type settlement, and when traveling along the route, visible parts from a distance (a tall building, a tower, a bell tower, etc.). In a city tour, the objects of display can be a street or a square.

Count " Duration of the excursion". The time that is called in this column is the sum of the time spent on showing this object, the guide's story (the part when there is no show) and on the movement of excursionists along the route to the next stop. near the objects being inspected and between objects.

Count " Name of subtopics and list of main questions"contains short entries. First of all, a subtopic is called, which is revealed on a given segment of the route, at a given period of time, at the objects listed in column 3. sightseeing tour one of the subtopics is called "Poltava in the Northern War between Russia and Sweden." The main issues that are covered in this sub-topic are "Swedes in Ukraine" and "Battle of Poltava". The subtopic "New to the old city" reveals the main issues: "Housing construction in the city", "Development of culture and art", "Construction of a sports complex". The number of main questions included in the subtopic should not exceed five.

In the column " Organizational guidelines"place recommendations on the movement of the group, ensuring the safety of sightseers on the route and the fulfillment of sanitary and hygienic requirements, the rules of conduct for participants in the excursion in memorial sites and at monuments of history and culture. It also sets out the requirements for sightseers for nature protection and fire safety rules. include all the questions that are included in the concept of "Technique of conducting an excursion." Here is an example of a recording: "The group is positioned so that all tourists can see the entrance to the building." out-of-town excursions this column includes instructions on sanitary stops, recommendations for nature protection, rules for the movement of tourists at stops, especially near highways in order to ensure their safety.

When conducting industrial excursions, visiting working shops, recommendations are given on safety precautions, excerpts from the instructions of the administration of the enterprise, the mandatory rules of behavior for excursionists at the enterprise, places are called where pauses are made in the story and display.

Count " Methodical instructions"determines the direction of the entire document, formulates the basic requirements for the guide on the method of conducting the excursion, gives instructions on the use of methodological techniques. For example, in the excursion" The Khatyn Memorial Complex "on the object guidelines: "When disclosing the subtopic, the method of verbal comparison is used, a certificate is given about the military potential of Nazi Germany at the time of its attack on the USSR" and "The story of the battles is conducted using the methodological method of visual reconstruction of the place where the hostilities took place."

It should indicate where and how the methodology is applied. This column also outlines a variant of a logical transition to the next subtopic, gives recommendations on displaying materials from the "guide's portfolio", includes tips on using the movement of sightseers relative to objects as a methodological technique (for example, "After observing the object and the guide's story, tourists can independently continue their acquaintance with object "," The guide should explain the terms ... "," When showing the battlefield, it is necessary to orient the excursionists ... ", etc.).

Drawing up an individual text

The excursion practice proceeds from the fact that the basis of the guide's story is customized text, which determines the sequence and completeness of the presentation of thoughts, helps the guide to logically build his story. Each guide composes such a text independently. The reference text is the basis for the individual text.

All individual texts, given a good control text, will have identical content, but different turns of speech, different words, different sequence in the story, maybe even different facts confirming the same position. Naturally, all guides, being at the same object, will say the same thing.

You should not hide the control text from those who are developing a new excursion for themselves, since a creative group of the most trained guides worked on the control text, and the guide preparing a new topic for himself will not be able to achieve what was done before him by collective efforts. After the preliminary work of the guide on a new topic is completed (collection, study and primary processing of the material), he is allowed to familiarize himself with the control text. This will help him select material for the story, determine the optimal number of examples used to highlight the sub-topics, draw the right conclusions on the sub-topics of the excursion and in general. The reference to the control text, made on time, guarantees a higher level of preparation of the beginner for the excursion.

The main difference between the individual text and the control text is that it reflects the structure of the excursion and is built in full accordance with the methodological development of the excursion. The material is placed in the order in which the objects are shown, and has a clear division into parts. Each of them is dedicated to one of the sub-topics. The individual text compiled in accordance with these requirements is a story ready for "use". The individual text contains a full statement of what should be told during the excursion. When presenting the essence of historical events, there should be no abbreviations or assessments of their significance.

It is also not allowed to mention facts without dating them, referring to sources. At the same time, the text of this type reflects the peculiarities of the speech of the "performer". The guide's story consists, as it were, of separate parts tied to visual objects. These parts are combined by conclusions for each subtopic and logical transitions between subtopics (and objects). In an individual text, each subtopic is a separate story, suitable for use during the excursion.

When composing an individual text, its author should not forget about the logic of the sounding speech, about the fact that the word and the image (object) act, as a rule, on the feeling of sightseers synchronously. Striving for liveliness in the presentation of material on excursions should not lead to attempts to entertain tourists. When deciding on the combination of cognitive and entertaining elements on an excursion, the matter should be resolved according to the formula: maximum cognitive and minimum entertaining. The question of legends has a special place in the preparation of the excursion. Only legends can be used in excursions.

In terms of their content, both texts (control and individual) coincide. And this means that in the presence of a correctly composed test text, all guides who have mastered this topic have "standard" excursions. They are the same in their content, they coincide in the assessments of historical events and facts in the conclusions that they draw on individual sub-topics and on the topic as a whole.

While analyzing the same visual object, the guides show and tell the same thing. This is the meaning of the control text as a standard.

However, with equal content, the guides can use different turns of speech, they can present the recommended facts, figures and examples in a different sequence. The individuality of the excursion lies in the fact that the guides leading the excursion on the same topic may have varying degrees of emotionality. They can, being at the same object, use different presentation techniques and forms of story. The same statement can be disclosed in different examples. The text should be written in the first person and express your personality.

Storytelling and individual text

The success of the story depends on how close the individual text is to the generally accepted speech, how it takes into account the speech characteristics of that particular guide to whom this text belongs. "The degree of influence on our consciousness of various texts depends on many reasons and conditions (logic, evidence, novelty of the topic and information, psychological attitude of the author to influence or its absence, etc.)." However, speech, its properties, structure, and features play an equally important role.

The individual texts of almost all guides on the same topic are characterized by similarities in the content and presentation of the material, in the assessment of historical events, facts and examples. However, the stories of all the guides are individual. How does the individuality of the guide find its expression? All guides, conducting excursions on the same topic, tell the same thing, but speak differently. Their story is the same in content, but different in form, use of vocabulary, and emotional level.

The method requires the guide to remember the significant difference between the speech of the lecturer and the guide when compiling an individual text.

During the excursion, the guide "rushes" objects that need to be shown to the group. The two or three hours allotted for the excursion, the stay of the tourists on their feet and in the open air, force the guide to speak briefly, clearly characterize the monuments in front of the group, and concisely talk about the events connected with them.

The duration of the story should not exceed the time that the monument is capable of capturing the attention of sightseers. Most often it is five to seven minutes. If this time is not observed, then no liveliness of the story, no methodological techniques can restore the attention of the tourists. It is no coincidence that the term "object language" is used in the methodological literature. One of the tasks of the guide is to make the object "speak".

The technique of using individual text

The guide, just like the lecturer, can use his own individual text during the excursion. For ease of use, it is recommended that they transfer the content of the story to special cards, where brief information about the object, the main thoughts of the story, individual quotes, and historical dates are recorded. For each subtopic, several cards are filled out (usually according to the number of main questions).

Using the cards, the guide does not read their content during the excursion, but only by looking into them, he recalls the content of the story. If there is a significant break between objects during the excursion, the guide can look at the cards again, refresh the story material in his memory. Most often, cards are used as a synopsis of a story in preparation for an excursion. Exceptions are those cards on which quotations and large excerpts from works of art are entered, the content of which forms the basis of the literary montage technique. On excursions, they are read in full.

The card should be easy to use. A small size is recommended, about a quarter of a sheet of thick writing paper, suitable for long-term use. The cards have serial numbers and are added before the excursion, taking into account the sequence of the revealed subtopics.

The use of cards on excursions is the right of every guide, but with the acquisition of experience, they no longer need to. The fact that the cards are at hand and can be used at the right time gives the guide confidence in his knowledge.

The presence of an individual text does not mean that all of it must be memorized by heart and conveyed to the sightseers word for word.

Logical jumps

The creators of the excursion are faced with the task of linking the content of all subtopics into a single whole. It is solved with the help logical transitions, which should be considered as an important, although not of independent significance, part of the excursion. Well-composed logical transitions give the excursion harmony, ensure consistency in the presentation of the material, and are a guarantee that the next subtopic will be perceived with interest.

Often in excursions, when moving from one subtopic to another, they use formal (constructive) transitions... Formal is a transition that is not related to the content of the excursion and is not a "bridge" from one part of the excursion to another. (For example, "Now let's go through the square", "Now we will follow on with you", "Let's look at one more remarkable place However, one should not deny the legitimacy of using such transitions in general and consider them one of the mistakes in excursion work.

In those cases when the movement between objects takes a few seconds, such transitions are inevitable: (For example, "Now look here" or "Please pay attention to the monument located nearby"). Such transitions are inevitable when viewing expositions in museums and at exhibitions, where halls, thematic sections and separate stands dedicated to various sub-themes are located close to each other. Constructive passage, not being a "transitional bridge" between sub-themes, directs excursionists to familiarize themselves with the next object.

More efficient logical transition, linked to the theme of the excursion... Such a transition can begin before the group moves to the next stop, or it can end already at a stop near the object. The logical transition is dictated not so much by the features of the excursion object, but by the content of the excursion itself, the subtopic after which this transition is made.

The duration of a logical transition is usually equal in time to the movement (transition) of the group from object to object, but it can be more or less.

Acceptance (delivery) of excursions

In case of a positive assessment of the control text and methodological development of the excursion, as well as in the presence of a completed "tour guide's portfolio" and a route map, the date of acceptance (delivery) of a new excursion is assigned. Delivery of the excursion is entrusted to the head of the creative group. If he is absent due to illness or other valid reasons, the excursion is taken by one of the members of the creative group. In the acceptance (delivery) of the excursion, the heads of the excursion institution, methodological workers, members of the creative group and the methodological section, where the excursion was prepared, as well as heads of other sections, take part.

Acceptance (delivery) of the excursion is of a business nature, is carried out in the form of a creative discussion, exchange of views, identification of shortcomings. Participants in the excursion must be familiarized with its control text and methodological development, route diagram, contents of the "guide's portfolio", list of used literature, etc.

Tour approval

With a positive conclusion on the control text and methodological development, as well as on the basis of calculating the cost and determining the rate of return of a new excursion, the head of the excursion institution issues an order approving a new excursion topic and a list of guides allowed to conduct it.

Guides who took an active part in the development of the topic and listened to on the route or during the interview are allowed to work. The conclusion of the interview is made by the methodologist of the excursion-methodical department.

All other guides, who later independently prepared this topic, conduct a test excursion in the usual way. Guides (regardless of work experience) are allowed to conduct an excursion on a topic that is new to them only if they have an individual text after listening and issuing the corresponding order.

conclusions

Mandatory documentation on the topic. Preparing a new excursion topic is a complex process. This work is considered complete when all the necessary documents have been prepared. Documentation on excursion topics is stored in the methodological office.

Table 2.2.

Documentation required for each topic

P / p No. Document's name Document content
1 List of related literatureAll books, brochures, articles that were used in the preparation of this excursion are listed
2 Cards (passports) of objects included in the routeInformation characterizing the excursion object. Type of monument, its name, event with which it is associated, location, short description, authors and time of object creation, sources
3 Control text of the excursionSelected and verified by sources material, revealing the topic. The content of the text reveals sub-themes and main issues, serves as the basis for the introduction, conclusion, logical transitions
4 Individual texts of the guidesThe material presented by a specific guide in accordance with the methodological development, the structure of the excursion, its route. Gives a characterization of objects and events
5 Route scheme (map)A separate sheet shows the path of the group. The beginning and end of the route, objects of display, places for their observation, stops for the group's exit to the objects are indicated
6 "Guide's portfolio"Folder with photographs, diagrams, maps, drawings, drawings, reproductions, copies of documents, samples of products of enterprises, other visual aids
7 Methodical development on the topicA recommendation for an excursion. Methodological techniques of display and story are called, the sequence of demonstration of objects, visual aids, the technique of conducting an excursion, taking into account a differentiated approach to excursionists, is determined.
8 Excursion materialsMaterials (edit)

Introduction ………………………………………………… ..3

1. Subject and ides of excursion methods.

1.1 Subject and types of excursion methods ... ... 5

1.2. Methodology for preparing excursions ……………… ... 8

2. Classification of methodological techniques.

2.1 Classification of methodological techniques ………… .14

2.2 Methodological techniques of displaying ……………….… ... 17

2.3 Methodological techniques of the story ………………… .25

3. Special methodological techniques.

3.1. Reception of demonstration of visual aids ..................... 35

3.2 Assimilation of methodological techniques by a guide ………………………………………………… ..39

4. Technique of guiding excursions.

4.1 Technique of guiding excursions ……………………… 42

Conclusion ………………………………………………… ..51

Bibliography …………… .. ……………….… 52

Introduction.

A technique in the broadest sense of the word is a set of methods for expediently carrying out a particular work, solving a problem, achieving a goal, and in a narrower sense, it is a set of specific methodological techniques for conducting lectures, conversations, excursions on a specific topic and for a specific group.

The technique is divided into general and specific.

An excursion is a methodically thought-out show of sights, monuments of history and culture, a show based on an analysis of the objects in front of the sightseers, as well as the events associated with them.

The guide is not indifferent to what the excursionist sees, how he will understand and perceive what he has seen and heard.

The guide, with his explanations, brings the tourists to the necessary conclusions, the effectiveness of the excursion depends on this.

It follows from this that the essence of the excursion can be defined as follows: a visual process of cognition of the surrounding world, a process built on pre-selected objects located in natural conditions or located in the halls of museums, exhibitions, workshops of a sculptor, artist, etc.

The excursion technique is a private technique, since it is associated with the process of disseminating knowledge based on one form of work. The excursion methodology is a set of requirements and rules for the excursion, as well as the amount of methodological techniques for preparing and conducting excursions different types, on different topics and for different groups of people.

The method of excursion work answers the following questions:

1. Why was the excursion prepared and conducted (purpose, objectives)?

2. What issues are covered during the excursion (what is its content)?

3. How to conduct an excursion (methodological techniques)?

The excursion methodology consists of several independent, interconnected parts:

Methods for developing a topic that is new for this bureau;

Methods for the development of a new topic for a guide, but already developed in this bureau;

Methods of preparing a guide for the next excursion;

Excursion methods;

Techniques after excursion work.

1. Subject and types of excursion techniques.

1.1 Subject and types of excursion techniques.

The method of conducting an excursion is a combination of techniques used in conducting an excursion, which are designed to find a way more usual and, together with the fact that, as everyone knows, effective achievement of the purpose of the excursion, to help the excursionists to finally learn the content of the excursion easier and more firmly.

Methodological techniques for conducting an excursion are divided into general, personal and individual ones. Imagine one fact that general techniques are, as usual, the basis for conducting, as everyone knows, any excursion, regardless of its topic, the composition of the excursion group. I must say that personal, in the end, are those methods that are used in excursions, as most of us are used to saying, of a certain type (industrial, museum, natural history, transport, walking), or in excursions conducted for a certain, as people used to express themselves, excursion audience (kids, youth, adults). It's no secret that personal techniques, focusing on the main requirements of excursion techniques, develop and concretize more effective techniques for conducting excursions of this type. Everyone knows that in the end, single techniques are, as we constantly say, unique methods of observing some, as many say, one object or a story about it, for example, showing a building on the shore of a reservoir, which, on a fine summer day, is finally reflected on its surface. And it is not even necessary to say that such techniques are usually the intellectual property of the 1st guide and are not finally used by everyone who, therefore, conducts such excursions. And indeed, single techniques include those whose implementation is limited, as we put it, a certain time year or day.

The excursion methodology is considered in several aspects: as the basis of the professional skills of the guides; as a mechanism that improves the "presentation" of the material; as a process of streamlining the activities of the guide. The technique helps tourists see, remember and understand much more than in a lecture that covers the same topic. This is because the lecturer's methodology is largely based on various kinds of messages and descriptions, the lecture story is conducted in isolation from the objects of description. The excursion methodology consists of several independent, interconnected parts: - methodology for developing a topic that is new for this bureau; - methods for the development of a new topic for a guide, but already developed in this bureau; - methods for preparing a guide for the next excursion; - methods of conducting an excursion; - methods of post-excursion work.

Aspects of the excursion methodology: the basis of the professional skill of the guide, the mechanism for submitting the material, the process of streamlining the activities of the guide during the preparation and conduct of the excursion.

The excursion technique is associated with concepts such as storytelling and showing. To the question about the ratio of the show and the story in the excursion, the methodology gives an unambiguous answer: from the show to the story. One should start with a show, with visual or other (tactile, olfactory) impressions, and then introduce the story. The technique takes into account the object's ability to attract attention, uses various means to enhance the attention of tourists.

Another task of the methodology is to suggest the most effective use of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion. The excursion methodology takes into account the issues of emotional impact on tourists.

The subject of the excursion methodology is the purposeful study, systematization, formulation, explanation and application in practice of the means and methods of education and training, as well as methodological techniques with the help of which employees of excursion institutions carry out their activities. The excursion methodology summarizes the experience of conducting excursions, develops and proposes such methodological techniques that have justified themselves in practice and ensure the highest efficiency of disclosure and perception of the topic.

1.2 Methodology for preparing excursions.

The development of the excursion is carried out by a creative group, consisting of 3-10 people, depending on the complexity of the topic. Each of the participants is working on one of the sections or one of subtopics excursions. The head of the creative group combines and edits the prepared material.

The preparation is divided into two stages:

Preliminary - the selection and study of factual materials (i.e. the process of the initial accumulation of knowledge on a given topic), carried out by a creative group, the choice of objects on which the excursion will be built;

Immediate - drawing up an excursion route, processing factual material.

In addition, work is underway on the structure of the methodological development: introduction, main part, conclusion; a control text is drawn up, the methodological guidance of the excursion is analyzed (determination of the most appropriate methodological techniques for showing and telling specifically for one or another part of the excursion), a "guide's portfolio" is formed, an individual text is prepared. A methodological development is a concise plan, a document that determines how to conduct a given excursion, in what sequence to organize the display of monuments, what methodology is advisable to use for an effective excursion. Here the guide must find advice on the sequence in which to show and tell the story, what materials are from the “guide's portfolio” and when it is better to demonstrate. A methodological development is compiled for each topic of the excursion.

Methodological development is an obligatory document, without which an excursion on this topic cannot be conducted.

An obligatory document is also an individual text, which gives the guide the right to conduct an excursion on this topic. Correctly drafted methodical development helps the guide to reveal the topic more fully.