Introduction ………………………………………………… ..3

1. Subject and ides of excursion methods.

1.1 Subject and types of excursion methods ... ... 5

1.2. Methodology for preparing excursions ……………… ... 8

2. Classification methodological techniques.

2.1 Classification of methodological techniques ………… .14

2.2 Methodological techniques of displaying ……………….… ... 17

2.3 Methodological techniques of the story ………………… .25

3. Special methodological techniques.

3.1. Reception of demonstration of visual aids ..................... 35

3.2 Assimilation of methodological techniques by a guide ………………………………………………… ..39

4. Technique of guiding excursions.

4.1 Technique of guiding excursions ……………………… 42

Conclusion ………………………………………………… ..51

Bibliography …………… .. ……………….… 52

Introduction.

A technique in the broadest sense of the word is a set of methods for expediently carrying out a particular work, solving a problem, achieving a goal, and in a narrower sense, it is a set of specific methodological techniques for conducting lectures, conversations, excursions on a specific topic and for a specific group.

The technique is divided into general and specific.

An excursion is a methodically thought-out show of sights, monuments of history and culture, a show based on an analysis of the objects in front of the sightseers, as well as the events associated with them.

The guide is not indifferent to what the excursionist sees, how he will understand and perceive what he has seen and heard.

The guide, with his explanations, brings the tourists to the necessary conclusions, the effectiveness of the excursion depends on this.

It follows from this that the essence of the excursion can be defined as follows: a visual process of cognition of the surrounding world, a process built on pre-selected objects located in natural conditions or located in the halls of museums, exhibitions, workshops of a sculptor, artist, etc.

The excursion technique is a private technique, since it is associated with the process of disseminating knowledge based on one form of work. The excursion methodology is a set of requirements and rules for the excursion, as well as the sum of methodological techniques for preparing and conducting excursions different types, on different topics and for different groups of people.

The method of excursion work answers the following questions:

1. Why was the excursion prepared and conducted (purpose, objectives)?

2. What issues are covered during the excursion (what is its content)?

3. How to conduct an excursion (methodological techniques)?

The excursion methodology consists of several independent, interconnected parts:

Methods for developing a topic that is new for this bureau;

Methods for the development of a new topic for a guide, but already developed in this bureau;

Methods of preparing a guide for the next excursion;

Excursion methods;

Techniques after excursion work.

1. Subject and types of excursion techniques.

1.1 Subject and types of excursion techniques.

The method of conducting an excursion is a combination of techniques used in conducting an excursion, which are designed to find a way more usual and, together with the fact that, as everyone knows, effective achievement of the purpose of the excursion, to help the excursionists to finally learn the content of the excursion easier and more firmly.

Methodological techniques for conducting an excursion are divided into general, personal and individual ones. Imagine one fact that general techniques are, as usual, the basis for conducting, as everyone knows, any excursion, regardless of its topic, the composition of the excursion group. I must say that personal, in the end, are those methods that are used in excursions, as most of us are used to saying, of a certain type (industrial, museum, natural history, transport, walking), or in excursions conducted for a certain, as people used to express themselves, excursion audience (kids, youth, adults). It's no secret that personal techniques, focusing on the main requirements of excursion techniques, develop and concretize more effective techniques for conducting excursions of this type. Everyone knows that in the end, single techniques are, as we constantly say, unique methods of observing some, as many say, the first object or a story about it, for example, showing a building on the shore of a reservoir, which, on a fine summer day, is finally reflected on its surface. And it is not even necessary to say that such techniques are usually the intellectual property of the 1st guide and are not finally used by everyone who, therefore, conducts such excursions. And indeed, single techniques include those whose implementation is limited, as we put it, a certain time year or day.

The excursion methodology is considered in several aspects: as the basis of the professional skills of the guides; as a mechanism that improves the "presentation" of the material; as a process of streamlining the activities of the guide. The technique helps tourists see, remember and understand much more than in a lecture that covers the same topic. This is because the lecturer's methodology is largely based on various kinds of messages and descriptions, the lecture story is conducted in isolation from the objects of description. The excursion methodology consists of several independent, interconnected parts: - methodology for developing a topic that is new for this bureau; - methods for the development of a new topic for a guide, but already developed in this bureau; - methods for preparing a guide for the next excursion; - methods of conducting an excursion; - methods of post-excursion work.

Aspects of the excursion methodology: the basis of the professional skill of the guide, the mechanism for submitting the material, the process of streamlining the activities of the guide during the preparation and conduct of the excursion.

The excursion technique is associated with concepts such as storytelling and showing. To the question about the ratio of the show and the story in the excursion, the methodology gives an unambiguous answer: from the show to the story. One should start with a show, with visual or other (tactile, olfactory) impressions, and then introduce the story. The technique takes into account the object's ability to attract attention, uses various means to enhance the attention of tourists.

Another task of the methodology is to suggest the most effective use of methodological techniques for conducting an excursion. The excursion methodology takes into account the issues of emotional impact on tourists.

The subject of the excursion methodology is the purposeful study, systematization, formulation, explanation and application in practice of the means and methods of education and training, as well as methodological techniques with the help of which employees of excursion institutions carry out their activities. The excursion methodology summarizes the experience of conducting excursions, develops and proposes such methodological techniques that have justified themselves in practice and ensure the highest efficiency of disclosure and perception of the topic.

1.2 Methodology for preparing excursions.

The development of the excursion is carried out by a creative group, consisting of 3-10 people, depending on the complexity of the topic. Each of the participants is working on one of the sections or one of subtopics excursions. The head of the creative group combines and edits the prepared material.

The preparation is divided into two stages:

Preliminary - the selection and study of factual materials (i.e. the process of the initial accumulation of knowledge on a given topic), carried out by a creative group, the choice of objects on which the excursion will be built;

Immediate - drawing up an excursion route, processing factual material.

In addition, work is underway on the structure of the methodological development: introduction, main part, conclusion; a control text is drawn up, the methodological guidance of the excursion is analyzed (determination of the most appropriate methodological methods of showing and telling specifically for one or another part of the excursion), a "guide's portfolio" is formed, an individual text is prepared. A methodological development is a concise plan, a document that determines how to conduct a given excursion, in what sequence to organize the display of monuments, what methodology is advisable to use for an effective excursion. Here the guide must find advice on the sequence in which to show and tell the story, what materials are from the “guide's portfolio” and when it is better to demonstrate. A methodological development is compiled for each topic of the excursion.

Methodological development is an obligatory document, without which an excursion on this topic cannot be conducted.

Mandatory document is and customized text, which gives the guide the right to conduct an excursion on this topic. Correctly drafted methodical development helps the guide to reveal the topic more fully.

An excursion, as we have already found out, is both a method of relaxation and a method of cognition. new information... In connection with such two-sidedness, special methodological techniques are being developed for conducting an excursion. The main emphasis in the excursion is made on the show, on the acquaintance of sightseers with new objects for them, on brief comments to the show.

When conducting an excursion, the following general methodological techniques are used: reception of the main show, reception of a preliminary examination, reception of a mental reconstruction of an excursion object, reception of mental reconstruction of a historical background, a method of comparison, reception of abstraction, reception of a discussion, reception of a reportage, reception of complicity, reception of personification, reception of a problem situation , reception of a retreat, reception of activation of attention, the use of visual aids from the "guide's portfolio", demonstration and characteristics of the object in the direction of the bus, panoramic display, a brief description of the displayed object, brief information about a unique historical or natural site, detailed description features of the object, explanations and comments during the excursion, the inclusion of bright quotes in the story, taking pauses, answering questions from tourists.

When developing an excursion, the guide should take into account that:

o the maximum number of objects that can be perceived by adult excursionists is 30, children - no more than 15; the maximum time for a continuous excursion story is 15 minutes for adults and 10 minutes for children;

maximum display time for one excursion object - 4 minutes;

For every hour of the guide's story, a 10-minute pause is possible.

Methodological techniques for conducting, their use and features depend on: the form of the tour, the content and topics of the excursion, the composition of the group, the venue, the method of travel.

1. The choice of methodological techniques depending on the form of the excursion. The form of the excursion (educational excursion, excursion-conversation, excursion-game, excursion-walk, excursion-performance, etc.) significantly affects the possibility and necessity of using certain methodological techniques.

On the most common cognitive excursion (previously they were called educational), almost all techniques are used, their use and alternation depend on other decisive factors.

In a conversation tour (most often this form is used to conduct individual excursion) the methods of the main display, comparisons, abstraction, short comments, reception of answers to questions from tourists will be optimal.

In the excursion-game, most often conducted for younger schoolchildren, vivid comparisons, activation of the imagination, panoramic display, the inclusion of additional display objects (films, computer clips, archaeological finds) will help keep the attention of children.

During an excursion-walk, to keep the attention of children, the guide tries to influence not only visual and auditory sensations, but also tactile ones. For example, excursionists are given the task to collect a small herbarium, find a fossil on their own, etc.

2. The choice of methodological techniques depending on the composition of the group. As you know, the most inquisitive groups are middle-aged schoolchildren and adults. Participant students have low attention.

In children's groups, it is advisable to use the techniques of the main display, short comments, techniques of comparison and mental reconstruction; at the same time, it is undesirable to pause often and for a long time, due to which concentration of attention is weakened.

In adult groups, in addition to the main show and a more detailed story, methods of abstraction, historical reconstruction, complicity, reporting, personification are used. In individual adult groups, it is optimal to use the method of conversation and reception of comments during the show.

An experienced guide always “feels” his group and, depending on its mood, intellectual preparation and other factors, applies certain methodological techniques.

3. The choice of methodological techniques depending on the location of the excursion. An excursion in the city does not require any special methodological techniques, while out-of-town excursion is carried out according to its own laws. In this case, it is best to use the techniques of comparison, reporting, a problem situation, panoramic display.

In museum excursions using expositions, the best will be a combination of methods of display and story, a method of mentally creating a historical background, a method of personification and a method of explanation.

When conducting thematic excursion in the museum under open air the optimal methods will be the techniques of the main display, comments on objects, brief explanations, techniques of abstraction, reporting, the method of providing brief information about the uniqueness of this or that exhibit.

4. The choice of methodological techniques depending on the method of movement. It is clear that a bus tour without getting off the bus will be strikingly different from the usual walking tour or a museum tour.

Regarding the conduct of a bus excursion with stops in certain places, clear rules have been developed that regulate boarding the bus, showing and telling in the direction of travel, exits from the bus. The best techniques when moving on the bus: the reception of the show with comments, the reception of comparisons, the reception of abstraction, the reception of using visual aids from the "guide's portfolio", the reception of comments and methods of activating attention.

When walking on foot, the guide should not speak during the transition from one object to another. Walking tours use the methods of preliminary examination, detailed display and commentary, the method of comparison, the method of abstraction, the method of complicity, the method of personification.

5. The choice of methodological techniques depending on the content of the excursion and its topic. In city sightseeing excursions, it is possible to use all existing methodological techniques. Some features are inherent in the techniques used in thematic excursions. So, in a historical excursion, you can use almost all methods, but the best methods will be the methods of mental reconstruction of the historical background, the method of the main display and the method of comparison. During a botanical excursion, for example natural park, it is advisable to use the method of the main display, the reception of comments, the method of comparison. When conducting an ecological excursion, reception of a problem situation, reception of the main show, reception of complicity, reception of a reportage will bring success. The religious excursion will be more efficient using the techniques of the main screening and short commentary on it; it is possible to use the technique of complicity and mental reconstruction of the historical background. It should be borne in mind that it is not very ethical to lead the story directly in the temple, but it is better to limit ourselves to small explanations and provide most of the information to the excursionists on the bus in advance or after visiting the temple.

A production excursion is, first of all, a reception of a reportage, a reception of complicity, a reception of the main screening, a reception of a problem situation, a reception of a discussion. In a literary excursion, it is worth using the method of the main display and comments, the method of personification, the method of quotations, the method of retreat. When conducting a theatrical excursion, one cannot do without the reception of a mental reconstruction of the historical background, the reception of abstraction, the reception of a reportage, the reception of complicity.

Features of displaying objects in the course of the bus without stopping and exiting the bus. Such a show is typical for an excursion group traveling from their place of residence (for example, from a hotel outside the city limits) to the old part of the city in order to visit the local museum. Excursion route does not imply stops, and the story of the guide is conducted directly while driving. The display of objects in the direction of travel must be prepared in advance. The guide may first give brief description object, and then show it (the story either precedes the show, or smoothly "wraps around" it). The guide's comments should be structured in such a way as to orient the tourists in advance on the appearance of the object of interest and its location.

• 1. “Peter I stayed in our city during one of the Azov campaigns. Now on the right, in the direction of the bus, you can see the temple, which was visited by the Russian tsar during his short stay in our city. "
• 2. “The Volga is the pride of our country, and we are especially proud that the sources of this great river are in our region. Ahead, in the direction of the bus, you can see the main channel of the Volga, and the bridge over which we are passing is one of 5 bridges in our city. It was built according to the project of the famous St. Petersburg architect. "
• 3. “In a few minutes we will arrive at the landing site of the world's first cosmonaut Yu.A. Gagarin. At the moment we are passing along the alley of poplars planted for the 10th anniversary of the first flight into space ”.

Panoramic display. The ability to show the city, the beauty of the surrounding nature or any architectural complex With high point is a decoration of the excursion. A panoramic display can serve as a bright start to an excursion, be its culmination or a finishing touch. In any case, a panoramic view allows you to create a more complete impression of everything seen and heard. It is advisable, after the panoramic screening, to provide the excursionists with the opportunity to ask questions (no more than 5 minutes).

The most beautiful panoramas open from the observation deck in the mountains to the picturesque foothills, city panoramas also have a strong emotional impact. In excursions around Moscow, excursion groups often bring to Vorobyovy Gory, from which a beautiful panorama of the capital opens; perfectly visible most of Moscow and from observation deck Ostankino tower. In those cities where there is no sublime natural places, for a panoramic display, bell towers, preserved fortresses, high-rise buildings, etc. can be used. So, in St. Petersburg, guests of the city are often shown a panorama of the city from the height of the observation deck of St. Isaac's Cathedral.

• 1. Panoramic display before the start of the excursion (the panoramic platform is located on one of the low mountains surrounding the city): “Before you is the Volga city, surrounded on three sides by mountains. You can see the old part of the city on the Volga coast, where ancient buildings and temples have been preserved. The largest temple with a high bell tower is Cathedral of our city, it was built 100 years ago by a local architect. From here you can see several small city parks, green alleys along many streets. The construction of the city was carried out in such a way that all the central streets intersect with each other exclusively at right angles. The central part of the city resembles a chessboard viewed from above. To the right of the cathedral, you can see the old bridge over the Volga. Its length is 3.5 km and it is one of the largest bridges in Europe. New sleeping areas are located in the plains between the mountains, but our goal is the old part of the city and the Volga embankment. We leave for the bus and continue our journey. "
• 2. Panoramic display as a culminating moment: “We got to know the history of the city, its main architectural and historical sights. And now you have the opportunity to see the city from a bird's eye view. Do you see the temple on the left? This is the cathedral that you visited. To the right of it there is a bridge across the Volga, along which we made a sightseeing trip. If all our guests have admired the panorama of the city, we can go further. We are going to visit the ethnographic open-air museum ”.
• 3. Panoramic display as the final stage of the excursion: “Before you is the city, the journey through which we have already finished. Now, from above, you can once again see all the memorable places about which you learned a lot. If you have any questions, I will be happy to answer them. "

In any of the three described cases, the panoramic display will remain in the memory of tourists for a long time and will leave the best memories of the excursion.

Museum excursion. When conducting a museum tour, most of the basic methodological techniques are used, but taking into account the limited space.

The tour guide meets the group that has come to the museum at a specially designated place, in each museum. The guide immediately introduces himself, loudly announces the topic of the excursion and leads the group to the beginning of the story. If there is already another excursion in the hall where the group entered, the guide should either speak more quietly or go to the next hall, if the topic of the excursion allows.

In the introductory part of any museum excursion, the group should be told brief (no more than 2-3 minutes) information about the history of the museum, remind the rules of conduct in the halls where there are many glass showcases and fragile objects. After that, the guide proceeds to the main part of the excursion, standing half-turned to the window or the first exhibit. You should not focus the attention of a large group on small exhibits, since most of the tourists will not see anything, but there will be a risk of breaking the window. Transitions from one showcase to another or from one room to another should be accompanied by logical transitions in the story. In the final part of the excursion, the results are summed up, information is provided about the remaining halls of the museum, where excursionists can visit. After that, the guide answers the questions of the excursion participants and says goodbye to them.

An important condition for a well-conducted excursion in the museum is strict adherence to the time.

Additional methodological techniques. Each experienced guide always has in stock several author's methodological techniques that help turn the excursion into a high-quality learning process and a pleasant time.

• 1. Inclusion of a short meeting in the excursion with a specialist, nair i r during an archaeological excursion - with an archaeologist, during a paleontological excursion - with a paleontologist, during an art history excursion - with an artist or musician, etc. Communication with experts activates and deepens the interest aroused by the topic of the excursion, helps to better understand the issues under consideration and, of course, has a strong emotional impact on the excursionists.
• 2. Watching movies or computer clips on the topic of the excursion. Innovative moments add a special flavor to the excursion, enhance the visual impact on the excursion participants. Such additions suit during a long trip on a bus equipped with the necessary equipment.
• 3. Introduction of the search and research part on the topic of the excursion. Active actions help sightseers to improve the process of learning new information, to feel like real researchers. During archaeological, paleontological, geological, botanical, ecological excursions, tourists can be given the opportunity to find any artifacts or research objects on the surface of the earth:

lifting material at archaeological sites (fragments of dishes, fragments of iron objects washed out of the soil by rainwater);

about fossils at the sites of paleontological outcrops (shells of mollusks, ancient sponges);

o minerals at places of geological monuments (ornamental stones, semi-precious stones);

about herbarium items (leaves, flowers).

The material collected on the surface of the earth can be allowed to be taken with you, if it does not harm the monument.

4. Inclusion of mini-quizzes in the excursion process. Holding a mini-quiz is perceived positively even in adult groups. For example, a guide can offer group members to remember the length of the Volga, pictures famous artist besides those seen in the museum, name the writers whose books are dedicated to the events on the Don, etc. Tourists can be invited to determine which architectural style the building belongs to, what is the approximate height of the memorial stele, the length of the bridge, etc.

Questions can be asked along with answer options, for example:

“What do you think, according to what principle the name of the Russian city was most often given:

o by the name of its founder;

about the name of the ancient tribes that lived in this place earlier;

about the name of the river on which the city is based? "

Of course, the guide must not only prove the correctness of the answer with arguments, but also give examples. In this case, the correct answer is the third, and examples are cities such as Moscow, Samara, Tsaritsyn, Tomsk, Tver, etc.

• 5. Inclusion of conversation elements in the excursion. The guide, who has become acquainted with the group, during the excursion can include elements of the conversation in it, activating the group's attention and giving comfort to the psychological environment. For example, knowing that the group came to the northern city from the Krasnodar Territory, you can ask if the guests are freezing while walking along the snow-covered embankment, or ask the guests what especially surprised them among the objects examined, whether there are similar ones in their city, etc. ... The mutual interest of the guide to the guests will cause greater satisfaction with the excursion, will leave a good impression of the city and its inhabitants.
• 6. Inclusion of theatrical elements in the excursion- participation in a national holiday, carnival, in the festival of historical reconstruction. Elements of theatricalization have entered tourism quite a long time ago and, as it were, turn the participants of educational excursions into direct participants in the events. Theatricalization has a beneficial effect both on the perception of the information provided in the excursion, and on the formation general impression about the trip. For example, during some archaeological excursions, guests find themselves on a theatrical show organized by the historical fencing club. The scenario of the excursion includes the "abduction" of one or several participants in the excursion, their release from captivity with the help of Russian soldiers, observation of a stunt fight, photographing with participants in the show in colorful costumes, archery, tasting pilaf prepared according to medieval recipes, etc. etc. Such theatrical performances are being successfully performed in the Saratov region; in Yaroslavl, guests are invited to wear simple robes and try their hand at the role of barge haulers on the Volga; at the Museum of Local Lore of Yekaterinburg, guests will certainly be greeted by a beauty dressed as the Mistress of the Copper Mountain. Such elements of theatricalization (even in an abbreviated version) cannot leave sightseers indifferent and are a wonderful addition to a thematic excursion around ancient history the edges.

PLAN CONSIDERATION OF THE MASTER CLASS

"HOW TO PREPARE AND CARRY OUT AN EXCURSION TO THE MUSEUM"

Target: familiarizing teachers with the main aspects of work experience

on organizing and conducting excursions in the school local history museum.

Master class objectives:

To convey your experience through direct and commented demonstration of the sequence of actions, methods, techniques and forms of pedagogical activity;

Joint development of methodological approaches and techniques for solving the problem;

Create an emotional positive attitude towards business cooperation, stimulate the activity of participants through the inclusion of teachers in work in subgroups;

Reflection of their own professional skills by the participants of the master class.

Equipment: multimedia installation, museum exhibits, texts, documents, handouts.

Plan

Organizational and motivational stage (induction)

Experience presentation

Creating a problem situation

Simulation (simulated game)

Physical education

Advertising

Summarizing

Reflection

Master class progress

Organizational and motivational stage

Greetings to the participants of the master class.

Topic announcement.

Joint goal-setting.

What needs to be done to prepare and conduct a tour of the museum?

As an epigraph for today's meeting, I chose a poem

"Free talk":
- Let's talk?- About what?- About miscellaneous and so on.- About what is good,- And not very good.- You know something.

- And something I know.- Let's talk?- Let's talk.- Suddenly it will be interesting.

II ... Experience presentation

This is our 1st lesson, in which we will get to know the local history museum high school No. 1, its sections. On your tables lie Business Cards museum. During an extramural excursion to our school local history museum, you will get to know him in more detail.

( Presentation about the school local history museum of the State Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 1, Starye Dorogi named after the Hero of the Soviet Union F.F. Kulikov " ).

Creating a problem situation

And now the time has come to set the task for our meeting. In the course of your work, we will select guides, researchers, journalists, those without whom it is impossible to imagine the activities of any museum.

Before going on an excursion, I want to treat you and invite you to our museum. (Participants are encouraged to choose a candy)

Now I will ask you to take a seat at the table that matches the color of your section.

We are not with you in our museum, but you have a unique opportunity to visit it not only virtually through a presentation, but also to really see, evaluate and work with exhibits using a mobile museum - “Museum in a Suitcase”. What do you think can fit in such a small suitcase??

I would like to invite you to learn how to evaluate a museum piece together, give it characteristics and talk about it. It is not for nothing that there is a saying: "Things speak!"

Participants of the master class are invited to work together with the master.

Without fully studying it, it is impossible to judge the subject as a whole. We would like to draw your attention to one of the exhibits of our school local history museum - glak (vessel). Our task is to describe it and find out where, when, by whom, what it was used for and what material was used to make it. We must apply the information received in order to compose the text of the excursion and conduct it.

Modeling

(Group work)

I. On the tables are museum exhibits, documents, texts.

Each group needs:

1. Compose a story with a display of the exhibit with explanations (for journalists)

2. Get acquainted with archival documents and draw a conclusion (for researchers)

3.According to the proposed text, conduct an excursion in your section (for guides)

1 group ( Literary Starodorozhchina) (books by old town authors: K.Tsvirko, A.Usenya)

2nd group (There was a people's war) (cap, letters from the front)

Group 3 (Folk crafts) (belt, pottery bowl)

4 group (Matulya-school) (pen with inkwell, petition to open a school)

5 group (Starodorozhsky land) (the book "Old Roads", a stone with a hole (tool) 2-1 thousand BC).

Physical education

Advertising

(Presentation of the group work of the participants of the master class)

Summarizing

1 . Upon completion of the work, everyone is awarded the title:

guide,

researcher,

journalist.

2. Joint practical work

The emblem of the local history circle. To keep in memory for a long time the memories of visiting various interesting places, people usually acquire objects depicting some objects of the area where they have been. We will also assemble the emblem of our educational institution together with you. Putting a high school emblem out of the mosaic

№ 1. Each group has a puzzle piece on the table for a single picture.(We glue it on a large Whatman paper).

So I believe that after our master class you got an idea of ​​what the job of a museum worker is. After your own attempts to describe the exhibit, compose a story about it and apply it during the excursion, you will be remembered for a long time.

Reflection

Game "Suitcase of WISHES"

To each participant in turn: all the group members put together a “suitcase of wishes” at parting, putting in it the exhibits with which they worked. Everyone speaks and be sure to express their admiration for the positive aspects of the personality and formulates their wishes.

What did you get from the master class?

Did your hopes come true?

Many thanks to work.

One thing is undeniable:

Even though you don't go out into the world,

And in the field outside the outskirts, -

While you follow someone,

The road will not be remembered.

But wherever you go

And what a muddy road

The road that I myself was looking for

It will never be forgotten.

I want you to let everything you hear through your heart, then you will succeed.

Narrowed towards the top, wide rounded at the bottom

Satisfy.

Milk storage

Narrowed towards the top, wide rounded shape at the bottom

Satisfy.

Milk storage

Satisfy.

Milk storage

trades

Narrowed towards the top, wide rounded at the bottom

Satisfy.

Milk storage

Narrowed towards the top, wide rounded at the bottom

Satisfy.

Milk storage

Narrow, self-woven from colored threads

Satisfy.

Wearing clothes

wide rounded shape

Satisfy.

For food

Pen with grip, square inkwell with nib stand

Satisfy.

Writing texts

letter

Copy

School opening

"Old Drogi"

Book with illustrations of the city

Satisfy.

Exploring the history of the city

Stone with a hole inside for the handle

Satisfy.

Processing of skins

Stone tool: To.II- early.Ithousand BC, the village of Levki, Starodorozhsky district, during the field work of students

Book "Old Roads": a gift from the teacher of history, Stanilevich I.M.

Letter of application for opening a school:

Feather with inkwell: To.XIX- early.XXcentury, student gift

Pottery bowl: To.XIX- early.XXcentury, a gift to the museum from a local resident of the village of Starye Dorogi

Woven belt: earlyXXcentury, a gift to the museum from a local resident of the village of Zaluzhie

Pilot:

Letters from the front:

K. Tsvirko:

A. Usenya:

“After several trips to Sochi, my children and I arranged a brainstorming session and below the ideas that were born to me and my children.

I write sparingly, as it is inconvenient on the phone :)

1. The tour should be playful and attractive.

At the end, it is advisable to provide some kind of prizes, albeit symbolic, but children love it.

Slingshots, compasses or other original, with which little encounter in life.

You can print small photos, give out a glue stick and stick in the car after inspection.

Condition: everyone determines the place on the map himself.

3. On the way, let me see a few passing videos about the place where we are going.
But it should be interesting.

Then, for example, I will throw off a rap video about Eurasia for Sergei, which my daughter used to report at school.

Classmates were delighted.

4. One of the tasks should be with a compass.

It's interesting and useful.

The option that the children suggested was with a navigator. It's closer to them :)

that is, we ask the children to find some nearby place themselves.

5. Each stop is several objects.

Children need to be given a fragment of some kind of object (color printout measuring 10 x 10 cm).
They must find this fragment in the living world.
This will instantly increase their attentiveness and allow them to see something that they had not previously paid attention to.

6. If we are talking about Abkhazia, then it will not hurt to listen to national music on the way.

I will say right away that the children did not like this idea :)
But music very clearly allows you to understand the character of a nation.
And 10 minutes in the car, the children will be patient :)

There are many monuments to those who fell in the 1992-1993 war in Abkhazia. You can very briefly tell about this war and give one of the war songs to listen to.

7. Border: long, boring, uninteresting.

At this time, there must be activity.

As an idea: simple crosswords on the topic of the excursion, and it's also very nice to learn a few key or funny words in Abkhaz.

Children then gladly show off them at school.

"Grandfather" in Abkhazian "Babadu"))

It reminded me of something invented in the USSR (only a modern terminator):

Hookah-arba - steam locomotive
Armatur-batyr - Terminator

Saksaul-bala - Buratino
Ik-pook-water - coca-cola

Shaitan-pipe - grenade launcher

Skewer batyr - D'Artanyan

Apa's Nightmare - Baba Yaga
Donkey sailor - zebra

Nibelmes-bala - Dunno
Kyzim-balyk - mermaid

Shaitan-arba - minibus

Autogen Aga - the serpent Gorynych

8. It is possible to envisage small master classes on the way.

For example, prepare simple sachet bags in advance, and in the mountains collect boxwood leaves that soothe, fold and pour right there.
A gift is ready, the child will definitely find someone to give. Or some herbs for tea.

9. At the waterfalls, everyone ties ribbons. They are all the same for all.

In advance, the guide prepares ribbons for the children, on the way they sign or draw or otherwise.
This is no longer massive, but its own unique, which will remain in place.

10. The guide should have found places for cool selfies in advance.

These are not the places where mom and dad are photographed in front of the monument.
This is something else that is laid out on the network and shows that the child is prohibitively cool: for example (what my children chose):

photos from the scary thickets,
photo at the edge of the bridge, etc.
the main thing is that they are selected in advance by the guide so that they are safe, not necessarily beautiful, but unique.

And this uniqueness must be emphasized. The children will be grateful to you.

Sergey, I’ll send you in a personal what Maria came up with in Abkhazia.

If you want, post it on the forum, maybe someone wants to use it.

This is where we have exhausted, but the ideas proposed above can be developed further.

The main thing is not to offer them to them as a task, but to present them precisely as an exciting game.

And of course, if there are at least two children. That's more interesting.

If the children are not very large up to 10 years old, then in order to give their parents the peace of mind to enjoy the beautiful views, the children can be offered a treasure hunt. A small map is made for each new place. It makes it possible to find a map next place... Etc. Last card indicates the place of the treasure. Moreover, for kids it can be any box with small coins. 100 rubles in a small change (10, 50 kopecks, a ruble each) is a lot - checked :)

Even when traveling to Abkhazia, you should definitely tell children about the traditions and customs of this country, especially those that are not entirely familiar to Russia: traditions associated with hospitality, wedding ceremonies, blood feud, raising children, and others. They are completely unique and will show children that there is a completely different life. And this will definitely be remembered, as it knocks out of the usual framework.

For example, what is the meaning of the Abkhaz flag.

One more interesting topic: all children love to make wishes. Even my little 3 year old son, seeing the only star in the sky, tells her which car he would like to receive for his birthday.
Therefore, on excursions for small children, it is worth using this opportunity.
Or you can write your most cherished wish, then make a ship out of the note and send it sailing on Lake Ritsa, and at the moment when the ship reaches the nearest river, the wish will come true! In this case, there can be any legend :) the main thing is not to promise fulfillment right away, as there may be disappointment.

* Calculations are based on average data for Russia

49 000 ₽

Initial attachments

121 500 ₽

81 000 ₽

Net profit

2 months

Payback period

City walking tours are leisure activities that allow you to delve deeper into the history of the streets. In the business plan, we will consider excursions with elements of the performance, which can bring from 80 thousand rubles.

1. SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT

This business plan deals with a walking tour project in a city of over 1 million. The project is the organization of events in the format “excursion + street performance”. The financial resources required to start the project will amount to 49 thousand rubles. and will be used for the purchase of excursion equipment, the creation of presentation materials, the purchase of costumes for actors and stage attributes.

The projected amount of revenue per month for one excursion per week and the participation of 15 excursionists in it will amount to 121.5 thousand rubles, net profit 81.5 thousand rubles. The financial plan is designed for a three-year period of activity. After that, it is planned to expand the types of excursions and update the program of events. The project will require a preparatory stage for a period of 3 months, necessary for writing a script, conducting test excursions and rehearsals, as well as creating advertising products and pre-filling social networks.

Table 1. Key project indicators

2. DESCRIPTION OF THE INDUSTRY AND COMPANY

City walking tours are an increasingly popular type of excursion that allows participants to delve deeper into the history of the streets, explore objects and imagine themselves as part of past events. Unlike bus excursions they allow for more agile routes and provide participants with a logical and consistent vision. The length of such routes usually does not exceed 6 kilometers, while the duration is no more than 3 hours.

From the point of view of organization, walking excursions require much less financial and time costs, since there is no need to conclude an agreement with a transport company, coordinate the time of movement with the driver and adjust the route of the excursion to the rules road traffic... At the same time, the creation walking route requires a more thoughtful scenario. Display objects should be fairly close to each other. Physical readiness is required from sightseers, and from a guide - the ability to keep the pace and promptly drive those who lag behind the group. A feature of the excursion business in largest cities such as Moscow and St. Petersburg is a high level of competition. In other cities with a population of one million and regional centers with a population of less than a million inhabitants, the competition is not so significant, but it is rather difficult to immediately stand out against the background of existing proposals.

This project proposes the organization of events, the format of which will combine an excursion with a thematic performance on the history of the city. The choice of this format was due to the high competition among the organizers of excursions. On the one hand, such an event will require a lot of time and money to organize, on the other hand, if it is well positioned, it will attract public attention and can become one of the most significant cultural events in the city. The project will be implemented on its own on the basis of the organizer's knowledge of the history of the city and interest in local history, the presence of some skills in this area, a certificate of completion of courses for guides, as well as personal connections with creative personalities of the city, who will be involved in the performance in as partners.

3. DESCRIPTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES

Initially, two excursion scenarios will be developed, each of which will include a short 30-minute excursion-themed street performance. The duration of one of the events will be 3 hours, the other 2 hours and 30 minutes. Participation fees will be split for children and adults (see Table 2). The cost was determined taking into account the analysis of competitors' proposals. So, the cost of an ordinary walking tour in the regions varies from 400 to 650 rubles, the cost of bus tours or excursions with any additional services, including a quest, a coffee break, etc. ranged from 1100 to 1500 rubles. Thus, 800-950 rubles is, with one more expensive option compared to regular excursions, but at the same time more profitable against the background of similar offers.

Table 2. Description of goods and services

We also note that at the start of the project, it is planned to conduct two or three free excursions to draw attention to the project, when the tourists themselves determine the level of remuneration for the guide. In addition, excursionists will have access to free audio materials and photographs offered by the guide during the excursion, incentive prizes for activity during the excursion (badges, souvenirs, key rings, etc.).

4.SALES AND MARKETING

The target audience of the project will be, on the one hand, the age audience actively interested in the history of the city (mainly women aged 35-40), on the other hand, creative youth from 18 to 30 years old, as well as tourists and guests of the city. The process of organizing sales and advertising will require several stages.

Preparatory stage. At this stage, two months before the start of sales, pages are created in in social networks Vkontakte, Odnoklassniki and Instagram, which are planned to be used as generators of the main stream during the main period of work. Communities are filled with thematic content on the history of the city, a preliminary recruitment of the target audience is made, advertising messages are published about a set of trial free excursions. A one-page website is being created with basic information about the cost, time of excursions, itinerary and contacts for an appointment. Advertising templates are created and advertisements are printed.

First stage. Two or three free excursions are held, during which photographs are taken, feedback from participants is collected, and gaps in the organization that have arisen along the way are eliminated. Whenever possible, the attention of the Internet media and television is attracted. Further, advertising posts are published in popular groups of the city in social networks. There is an active distribution of advertisements in places visited by tourists.

The main stage. Ongoing advertising activities using all available channels to reach the target audience. At the same time, contacts are being established with the heads of museums, cultural and entertainment institutions, anti-cafes, who can place advertisements on their own sites, and ads are being distributed. The following can also be used as additional channels of customer inflow:

own blog of the city history guide;

partnerships with travel companies with the transfer of clients for a percentage;

partnership with information tourist centers(transferring clients for a percentage, placing advertisements or business cards).

Earn up to
RUB 200,000 a month having fun!

Trend of 2020. Intelligent entertainment business. Minimum investment. No additional deductions and payments. Turnkey training.

Table 3 shows the approximate expenses for advertising purposes in the main period of work. Filling content groups in social networks and updating information on the site is planned to be organized on its own. Applications for participation in the excursion will be accepted by telephone, payment will be collected by the organizer before the start of the event. In the future, it is planned to use special services (timepad and others).

5. PRODUCTION PLAN

At the initial stage, it is planned to organize excursions-performances with a frequency of once a week - on Saturdays or Sundays, in the daytime. To create performances, you will need to hire actors from among the volunteers of the acting circle at one of the city's universities. The cast will include five permanent actors and three people who play either cameo roles or are called on to replace. To start the activity, you will need to purchase the necessary stage and excursion equipment. Expenses for these purposes will amount to about 39.2 thousand rubles.

Table 4. List necessary equipment and inventory

When conducting one excursion per week, taking into account the participation of 10 adult excursionists with an average check of 900 rubles, the monthly proceeds will be 81 thousand rubles. This plan is planned to be adhered to during the first year of operation. The plan for the second year of operation will be 15 participants per excursion, i.e. 121.5 thousand rubles per month In the future, with an increase in the number of participants and the organization of two excursions per week, the planned revenue can be increased by one and a half to two times.

6. ORGANIZATIONAL PLAN

The project will require a preparatory period of 3 months, during which the route of the excursion, the script of the performances are created, rehearsals are organized, the selection of actors, etc. Unlike many countries in the world, Russia does not require a license to provide excursion services. In order for the activity to be carried out within the framework of the legal field, only the registration of an individual entrepreneur is required. Activity codes according to OKVED:

• 79.90.2 Activities for the provision of excursion tourism services
• 79.90.22 Activities of independent guides and guides in the provision of excursion tourist services.

contract for services where all offers of excursions, their obligations and those moments for which the company is not responsible will be indicated;

job description for staff... It details the job responsibilities for each position and an action plan in the event of an emergency;

contracts with employees... Not necessarily according to the Labor Code, but the contractual basis must be fixed;

for employees (preferably) - a document that confirms the status of a teacher of history / culture / philology, etc. or the right to engage in tourist business.

Additionally, it is necessary to draw up a memo for clients, rules safe behavior along the route and a list of possible sources of hazards that may be encountered. Also, in some cases, the guides require accreditation. For example, to conduct excursions, foreigners need a special permit from the state sample.

The project team

The project team will include two organizers and at the same time performers of the project in the person of the guide and the head of the theater troupe, as well as the actors themselves.

Guide. This is a person with a historical or philological education, who knows English language, who is fond of local history and the history of the city, has a certificate of passing the courses of a guide from a specialized training center that trains personnel for the tourism industry. Personal qualities: communication skills, competent speech, well-placed voice, creativity and resourcefulness, the talent of a teacher and psychologist, patience.

Head of the theater troupe. She has experience as a director in a student theater, talent as an organizer, advertiser, designer.

Actors. A group of actors of eight people (five regular actors, three on the substitute), participants in major theatrical competitions, city performances, a troupe at the student theater. The actors will be paid 500 rubles per performance. Based on the experience of such projects, it is recommended to select a replacement troupe for all roles (in case of illness of the actors, failure to appear at rehearsals / performance for family or other reasons, etc.).

7. FINANCIAL PLAN

The financial plan takes into account all the income and expenses of the project. Initial investments in the project will amount to 49 thousand rubles. The expenses of the main period of work will include the wages of the actors - 22,500 rubles, the cost of advertising and promoting the project. A detailed financial plan of the project, taking into account tax deductions, is given in Appendix 1.

Table 5. Investment costs of the project

Table 6. Costs of the main period

8. EVALUATION OF PERFORMANCE

Thanks to the minimum investment, the project is able to pay off in the second month after the start of sales of excursions. The annual turnover of the project in the first year will amount to 972 thousand rubles, net profit - 521.8 thousand rubles. Profitability - 53%. Annual turnover in the second year - 1,458 thousand rubles, net profit - 978.2 thousand rubles, profitability - 67%.

9. RISKS AND WARRANTIES

The project will require minimal investment in opening, there are absolutely no expenses for rent and binding to any real estate and material values ​​(the product is intellectual and acting work), and therefore all financial risks are minimal. Most of the possible difficulties can be associated with internal problems - mistakes in the organization, incorrect promotion, incorrect presentation of information by excursionists, etc. These risks are prevented, firstly, through thorough preparatory work, which should include writing a high-quality scenario for the excursion and the performance, and testing them. Secondly, a competent analysis of the market is important: monitoring of all current offers in the field, analysis of the pricing and advertising policies of competitors, their methods of smoothing out the seasonality factor, and so on. The key factor for the main period will be work on improving the quality of services, expanding the list of services, implementing feedback with clients and advertising.

There are also external risk factors - competition, an unfavorable situation in the country's economy, affecting the population's ability to pay and forcing them to give up leisure, and so on. To minimize these factors, high-quality promotion is necessary from the first days of the project's existence, and in the long term - the acquisition of status and recognition of the event as a significant cultural event in the city, which is attended by representatives of medium and large companies and which is actively advised to tourists and guests of the city.

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