What are the longest mountains in Russia? The highest mountains in russia. Russian mountainous terrain options

The most high mountains russia are located in the Caucasus. They have always attracted courageous climbers who are looking for thrill and eager to conquer new peaks. The Caucasian hills are called "five-thousanders", because the height of these mountains, relative to sea level, exceeds the mark of 5000 m. Each peak has a difficult relief, so they are very dangerous for climbers, especially for those who do not have sufficient experience in this sphere.

Elbrus and Dykhtau are the leaders of the rating

The most high mountain in Russia is Elbrus, the height of which is 5 642 m. It is located on the territory of two republics at once - Karachay-Cherkess and Kabardino-Balkarian. It is interesting that in each of them Elbrus got its own name. So in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic it is known as Oshkhamaho, which means "mountain of happiness", and in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic - Mingi Tau, i.e. "Eternal mountain". In the adjacent territories of Elbrus, ski resort, which is immensely popular among climbers and tourists.

Various myths and legends are associated with Mount Elbrus. For example, it is believed that gods and giants lived on its peaks, and at the foot there was a fabulous city-temple, which today is known as lost city Ruskolani. Here you can see the ruins left over from the fortresses, near which there is a natural spring with mineral water, it is believed that it has healing properties.

The second highest mountain in Russia is called Dykhtau, and it is located in Kabardino-Balkaria. Its peak reaches a height of 5,204 m, besides, it has rather steep slopes, so few people dare to climb it. In 2011, the Republic of Palau issued $ 5 coins depicting the top of this mountain. Despite the dangerous and rather difficult climb to Dykhtau, there are still daredevils who dare to conquer it. It should be noted that their risk is fully justified, because a stunning panorama opens up from the top of the mountain.

Koshtantau, Pushkin Peak and Dzhangitau

In the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, on the territory of the city of Bezengi, there is Mount Koshtantau, which has the most picturesque peak. Among other mountainous heights, it ranks third in height, which is 5,152 m. Koshtantau has a unique beauty that attracts experienced climbers. Not all daredevils are able to overcome the difficult climb of the mountain and withstand the dangers that they encounter on the way, therefore, fatalities often occur. In 1988, a great tragedy occurred - 2 climbers and 2 of their accompanying persons died during the conquest of Koshtantau.

The next mountain is Pushkin Peak, whose height is 5,100 m. It received its name in 1938 in honor of the 100th anniversary of the Russian writer A.S. Pushkin. This mountain is located in the center of the Caucasus, namely in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. An incredible number of tourists and climbers Pushkin Peak attracts with its beauty - snow-capped peaks sparkling under the sun's rays and stunning nature.

Mount Dzhangitau rightfully belongs to the 5th place in the rating of the most majestic peaks of Russia, since its height is 5,085 m. It is part of a huge massif called the Bezengi wall, which is located in Kabardino-Balkaria and stretches for 12 km. There are many who wish to conquer this mountain, but not everyone dares. A climber who climbed Dzhangitau receives an award in the form of an honorary badge "Snow Leopard of Russia", which is a huge incentive for the majority. The first to receive such an award is the climber Alexei Bukinich, who lives in the city of Sochi.

Beautiful Shkhara and majestic Kazbek

Mount Shkhara is part of the Main Ridge of the Caucasus. indescribable beauty... It ranks 6th in the rating, as its height is 5,068 m, this mark is the highest in the Georgian Republic. Shkhara is located between Georgia and Kabardino-Balkaria, thus drawing the border. The mountain slopes are paved with granite rocks and crystalline shales, which sparkle in the sun, creating an enchanting phenomenon. Shkhara has dangerous cliffs and icy rivers descending from the very top, they can be seen even from afar. This mountainous area is very popular with hikers and climbers who love extreme relaxation.

Completes the list of the highest mountainous elevations of the Russian Federation - Kazbek. In fact it is dormant volcano, which is associated with many myths and legends about Prometheus. So, according to ancient legends, the titan, who gave people fire, was chained to this mountain. By its height, which is 5,034 m, Kazbek takes the 7th place. The mountain is on the territory North Ossetia, which is part of the Georgian Republic. The first climber to conquer Kazbek was an Englishman, and a few decades later, a resident of Russia, Andrei Pastukhov, decided to repeat his feat.

During the exploration of the hill, gorges, caves were discovered, in which ancient settlements and monasteries were located. These places are often visited tourist groups coming from different parts of the world. Also, the snowy peaks and the picturesque area of ​​Kazbek always attract researchers and travelers.

The highest mountains in the world have different names, but at the same time they can be called briefly - Seven Peaks is a term that appeared in 1985 at the suggestion of Richard Bass (the man who first conquered all seven peaks) and united the seven highest peaks on each continent. This association is not equal to the rating of the highest mountains in the world, most of which are located in Nepal. This list is made up of mountains, each of which is the highest on its continent.

The highest peak in North America is located in Alaska and is the center National park Denali. The top of Mount McKinley is 6194 meters from the ground. This mountain is the third in the world in terms of topographic position, it was overtaken only by Everest and Aconcagua. And if you take into account the ratio of the base to the peak, then McKinley is the highest mountain in the world. The mountain got its name in honor of the American president, and the Indian name - Denali - means "great."

Part of the Andes and with a height of 6959 meters, Mount Aconcagua is considered the highest peak South America... The mountain is located in the Argentine province of Mendoza and is 15 km away from the border with Chile. The name of the mountain comes from the words in the language of the Quechua people "stone guard".

Europe - Mount Elbrus (Russia)

Elbrus is an inactive 5642 meter high volcano located in the Caucasus Mountains on the border of Russia and Georgia.

Elbrus has several other names, the most romantic of which is translated from Adyghe and Kabardino-Circassian means "mountain that brings happiness."

Asia - Mount Everest (Nepal / China)

The highest mountain in the world, Everest, is located exactly on the border of Nepal and China. Everest is part of the Himalayas - the highest mountain range in the world. It is here that the highest mountains in the world are located. The height of Everest is 8848 meters. Everest attracts all climbers in the world and this is understandable. Technically, Everest's routes are not very difficult, but they add problems such as altitude sickness, strong winds and disgusting weather... The name Everest is English - in honor of the head of the geodetic service, who first told the European community about this peak. The mountain has the Tibetan name Chomolungma (divine mother of life) and the equivalent Nepalese Sagarmatha (mother of the gods).

The highest mountain on the African continent is an extinct volcano, the highest point of which is 5895 meters distant from sea level. Moreover, Kilimanjaro has three peaks, two of which are extinguished, and the third may well wake up. Kilimanjaro erupted 360 thousand years ago, but volcanic activity Kibo Peak (the highest of the three) was sighted 200 years ago, suggesting that the volcano is potentially active. In Swahili, the name Kilimanjaro means "sparkling mountain".

The highest point in Oceania is also the tallest mountain in the world and is located on the island. Punchak Jaya is located in the west of the island New Guinea... The height of Punchak-Jaya Mountain, which is also called simply Jaya or Karstenza Pyramid, is 4884 meters. The name of the mountain in Indonesian means "mountain of victory".

Antarctica - Mount Vinson

The seventh of the highest mountains in the world got its name in honor of Carl Vinson, an American eminent politician. The Vinson Massif is part of the Ellsworth Mountains and has a highest point 4892 meters from sea level.

Seven mountains, each of which is unique in its origin and beauty, beckon climbers from all over the world. The climbers who have conquered the Seven Peaks are united in an informal community.

Mountain systems occupy about 30% of the total area Russian Federation, most of them are located in the central part of Russia - the Urals, which divides the country into European and Asian territories, in the south of the Russian Plain, between the Black and Caspian Seas - the Caucasus Mountains, in the southern part of Siberia - Altai and Sayan, into Far East and on the Kamchatka Peninsula - mountain ranges with big amount active and dormant volcanoes, Kurile Islands lie in the Pacific volcanic ring of fire, here is a zone of high seismic activity.

In total on the territory of Russia, according to various sources, there are from one to two thousand mountain peaks in 20 mountain systems.

(The highest mountains in the world, among them the 5-thousanders Elbrus and Dakhtau)

The highest mountains of Russia, with the highest peaks of both Russia and all of Europe, are considered the young Caucasus Mountains (they are about 15 million years old). It is here that the majestic dormant volcano Elbrus (5642 m) is located, to conquer which is an honor for every self-respecting professional climber, very difficult in relief and therefore very dangerous for climbers Cogwheel Mountain or in another way Dakhtau (5204 m), Mount Koshtantau (5152 m), known for its unique marble glaciers and many others related to the so-called "five-thousanders" (that is, having a height of about 5000 meters above sea level), they are the pride of our country and every year they attract a large number of people who dream of getting to their top or simply imbued with their greatness and real power.

The highest mountains in Russia

(over 5000m high)

Elbrus (5642m)

Sleeping stratovolcano Elbrus (5642 m, the most high peak Russia and Europe, last eruption- 50 AD) is located on the border of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, is part of the Lateral Ridge of the Greater Caucasus, lies to the north of the Main Caucasian Ridge. It is a volcanic mountain range with a base 15 km in diameter and two peaks: Eastern (5621 m) and Western (5642 m), which are separated by a gentle saddle of one and a half kilometers with a height of 5416 meters. Tops for the most part covered with glaciers (there are 23 in total), they are the main sources of rivers in this region, the slopes of the peaks in the south and east are gentle with a slope of 35 degrees, in the north and west they are more steep, which attracts climbers and extreme sports enthusiasts.

Dykhtau (5204m)

Dykhtau or Zubchataya Mountain (5204m) is the second largest mountain peak in the Caucasus, its location is the border of Georgia and Russia, the territory of Kabardino-Balkaria. It has a complex structure and therefore is a very dangerous and difficult object for athletes-climbers; steep slopes with a steep slope are prone to frequent rock falls and avalanches.

Koshtantau (5152m)

The third largest peak in Russia - Koshtantau (5152 m, translated as "connected mountain") lies on the territory of the city of Bezengi (Kabardino-Balkaria), is distinguished by its picturesque nature and unique views mountain nature... On his northern slopes unique marble glaciers are placed, which makes it especially popular among professional climbers, although fatalities are not uncommon.

Pushkin Peak (5100m)

Pushkin Peak (5100 m) is the fourth largest peak named after the great Russian poet in 1937 on the centenary date of his death. Located in the center of the Main Caucasian Range in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. This is a picturesque and colorful part mountain range Dekhtau with snow-capped peaks sparkling in the sun is located between Borovikov Peak and Vostochnaya Dekhtau.

Dzhangitau (5085m)

Dzhangitau (5085 m) is the fifth largest peak located in the center of the Main Caucasian ridge, on the border of Russia with Georgia. Consists of two peaks: Western and Eastern, they are part of the Bengesi wall - a unique mountain range, 13 km long. This is the highest point in Georgia and a very attractive object for mountaineering. A large number of turbulent rivers flow down from the peaks, fed by glaciers; there are many gorges and caves filled with water.

Shkhara (5068m)

Shkhara (5068 m) is the sixth largest Russian peak, distinguished by great picturesqueness and mountain beauty, located in Kabardino-Balkaria. It is based on granite rocks and crystalline shales, which shine in the sun with a unique and mysterious brilliance, forming an unforgettable, enchanting picture of the mountain landscape. The peak is full of mountain cliffs, fast, icy streams descend from the height, forming mountain rivers, this place is very popular among climbers and extreme sportsmen.

Kazbek (5034m)

Kazbek (5034 m) - the seventh largest peak of the Caucasus Mountains, it is an ancient extinct stratovolcano lying in their eastern part, around them is the Georgian Military Highway. It is here, according to myths and legends Ancient Greece Zeus chained Prometheus, punishing him for stealing the divine fire in the forge of Hephaestus and giving it to people. Kazbek is located on the border of Russia and Georgia in the region of North Ossetia, from all sides its snow-capped peaks are covered with glaciers (Gergeti, Chach, Devdorak, Abano, Maili). V mountain gorges and caves, researchers discovered vast ancient settlements and ancient Christian monasteries (the monastery of the Holy Trinity, the monastery complex of Betlemi (Bethlehem)), now this place is visited by a large number of tourists and history lovers from all over the world.

Mizhirgi (5025m)

Kundyum-Mizhirgi or Mizhirgi-Tau (5025 m) - the eighth largest peak, five-thousanders, is part of the Bezengi wall. It is located on the territory of Kabardino-Balkaria, in the northern spurs of the Main Caucasian ridge, in the interfluve of the Cherek Balkarsky and Cherek Bezengiysky. Consists of a pair of peaks: Western (5025 m) and Eastern (4927 m).

The territory of Russia is truly unique, because the natural nature of this country contains many landscape reliefs with the highest mountains and the most beautiful valleys, beautiful lakes and forest groves. Our article will focus on the main mountain ranges of the Russian Federation, all of which are located in the Greater Caucasus.

1. Elbrus

This is the highest mountain in our country, reaching a height of 5642 meters. Elbrus is located on the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian and Karachay-Cherkess republics. In each of them, the mountain has its own name Mingi Tau (eternal mountain) and Oshkhamaho (mountain of happiness), respectively. Elbrus has long been the subject of legends and myths about several giants and gods who lived on its peaks. And at the foot of Elbrus in a wonderful valley lies a lost sacred city Ruskolani, which in ancient times was a fabulous city-temple. Today you can see several ruins of the fortress walls, and nearby is mineral spring with healing water. Elbrus is popular today tourist spot for most climbers and hikers looking to conquer the difficult summit of a beautiful mountain. There is also a wonderful ski resort here, because the cone of the volcano is covered with snow caps of 77 glaciers.

This is the second largest and most important mountain in the Russian Federation, also located in the Caucasus, in Kabardino-Balkaria. Its height is 5204 meters, and only the most courageous climbers of the world, who want to show their skills and show the whole world the successful conquest of the steep mountain Dykhtau, can climb it. The image of the Dykhtau peak in 2011 became the decoration of the coin of the Republic of Palau with a denomination of 5 dollars. The difficult and dangerous climb that awaits the daredevils fully justifies its risks, because at the top of this beautiful mountain you will find stunning panoramas of the entire Caucasus, white clouds and the bright sun illuminating the snow covers of Dykhtau and dazzling tourists who ascended it.

1. Koshtantau

Mount Koshtanau, located in the Bezengi region of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, is considered one of the most picturesque peaks of the Greater Caucasus. Koshtanau occupies an honorable third place in height among its neighbors, which is 5152 meters. Its unique beauty with its delightful marble glaciers attracts a huge number of experienced climbers, but not all of them cope with the difficult climbs and hazards that await them on the way. So in 1988, the life of two foreign climbers Fox and Donkin, who came here from Great Britain, ended, as well as two accompanying guides who attempted to conquer the cherished peak.

Beautiful name this mountain received in memory of the great Russian poet and writer Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in 1938, when exactly one hundred years have passed since his death. Pushkin Peak is located in the central part of the Greater Caucasus, on the territory of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. It ranks fourth in our ranking, and its height is equivalent to 5100 meters. The snowy peak of the mountain sparkling in the sun with such a beautiful name attracts thousands of travelers and climbers to conquer their heights and show them the unprecedented beauty of Russian nature.

Another of the highest mountains of the Russian Federation is Dzhangitau, which is part of the enormous massif of the 12-kilometer Bezengi wall, located on the territory of Kabardino-Balkaria. The height of Mount Dzhangitau is 5085 meters. It is for the conquest of this peak that climbers are awarded the honorary badge "Snow Leopard of Russia", which is a good incentive for many travelers and active tourists. The first climber to receive this title is a citizen of the city of Sochi, Aleksey Bukinich.

The sixth place on our list is occupied by the beautiful Shkhara Mountain, which is part of the Main Caucasian Range. It is located on the border between Kabardino-Balkaria and Georgia. Its height reaches 5068 meters, which is the most high point Georgian Democratic Republic. The mountain slopes of granite rocks and crystalline slates, sparkling in the sun, will seem to you a fabulous phenomenon of enchanting beauty. Ice rivers and dangerous cliffs descend from the tops of the mountain, bewitching the eye. Today Shkhara is popular place for climbers who prefer extreme views recreation.

Kazbek is a majestic extinct volcano, shrouded in legends and closely related to the ancient myths about the titan Prometheus, who, according to ancient beliefs, was chained to this mountain for giving people fire in ancient times. Kazbek occupies the seventh position in our rating with a height of 5034 meters. Its location belongs to the North Ossetia of the Georgian Republic and is part of the Greater Caucasus. The first conqueror of its summit was an Englishman, after whom only a few decades later the Russian surveyor Andrei Pastukhov decided to climb. Six gorges were found on the slopes of Kazbek, several ancient caves with ancient monasteries and mountain settlements, where hiking trips for Russian and foreign tourists. The picturesque area and majestic snowy peaks of Kazbek attract a huge stream of travelers and explorers here.

The overwhelming majority of the peaks included in the list of the highest mountains in Russia on the map belong to one mountain system - the Greater Caucasus. This huge mountain range is located between the Black and Caspian Seas. Barely, the southerners are catching up with three Kamchatka hills - Klyuchevskaya, Kamen and Ploskaya Blizhnyaya (13th, 18th and 70th places) and two peaks Altai mountains- Belukha and Tavan-Bogdo-Uul (19th and 67th place).

So that Russian climbers do not get bored of the monotony, the Mountaineering Federation decided to include the conquest of not only the eight highest mountains on the list, but also the assault on Belukha and Klyuchevskaya Sopka in the conditions for obtaining the most honorary mountaineering title.

10. Shota Rustaveli, height - 4860 m

Shota Rustaveli Peak is one of the peaks that make up the so-called Bezengi Wall - a giant mountain range stretching for 13 km. In addition to Shota Rustaveli peak, the wall is formed by Dzhangitau (fifth place in the rating), Katyntau (ninth) and Shkhara (sixth).

9. Katyn-Tau - 4970 m

A sad legend is associated with the name of this mountain among the Kabardino-Balkarians. Mountain peak Tetnuld ("white"), one of the most beautiful, invariably admiring tourists for its whiteness, decided to leave his old wife, Katyn ("wife"), for the sake of a young one, Dzhanga ("new", "young"). Perhaps Tetnuld was a climber - the Katyn height does not reach 5 km, but Dzhangy, or Dzhangitau, occupies the fifth line in the list of the highest mountains in Russia.

8. Mizhirgi - 5025 m

The list of Russian "five-thousanders" begins with Mizhirga - the highest and highest dangerous mountains Russia, which every climber dreams of climbing. Mizhirgi, despite the modest eighth place in height, the mountain is very capricious and bypasses higher peaks in terms of difficulty.

7. Kazbek - 5034 m

This is one of the most beautiful peaks of the Greater Caucasus Range. Her image is featured on many travel magazine covers, photographs, postcards and stamps. A lonely white peak of a regular conical shape (Kazbek was once a volcano) stands out sharply against the background of green foothills. Unfortunately, due to the difficult geopolitical situation, ascents to Kazbek are no longer as frequent as they once were.

6. Shkhara - 5068 m

One of the most favorite peaks of climbers, and the highest mountain in the central part of the Caucasus Range. You can climb it by a wide variety of routes, and several peaks will allow you to appreciate the beauty of the surrounding places from new points of view.

According to the results of recent measurements, Shkhara can move from sixth place to third - according to the latest data, its height is 5193.2 m.However, there is no doubt about which mountain is the highest in Russia - the first place is ahead of all the others half a kilometer.

5. Dzhangitau - 5085 m

Like Mizhirgi, Dzhangitau is considered one of the most difficult and dangerous peaks... Just three years ago, an experienced climber fell from its slopes (fatally), and a couple of years before he had to rescue a climbing group by helicopters.

4. Pushkin Peak - 5100 m

Most often, they prefer to climb Pushkin Peak from the south side. However, seasoned climbers prefer the north side - in addition to a slightly more difficult route, you can admire the enchanting beauty of the surrounding nature.

3. Koshtantau - 5152 m

The three leaders among the highest mountains in Russia are opened by Koshtantau. Sometimes she is kind to climbers and gives them wonderful weather, making the ascent easy and enjoyable. However, this rarely happens; more often than not, the capricious beauty prefers to dress in an ice robe, which makes the ascent much more difficult.

The conquest of Koshtantau began with a tragedy - when trying to climb it, two English climbers and their Swiss guides were killed. Since then, several routes have been laid up the mountain, but they all have increased difficulty - from 4B to 6A (for comparison: the lowest category is 1B, the highest is 6B, and category 6A is in second place, up to 6B).

2. Dykhtau - 5204 m

The poetic genius of the Balkar people on the name Dykhtau decided to take a break. Translated from this language, the name simply means "steep mountain". It's almost like a nickname.

The mountain looks harsh - granite-gneiss rocks, of which Dykhtau is composed, are dark in color. And in contrast to the white snow and clouds (lying at a lower height than the summit), they look especially gloomy.

The difficulty of climbing the mountain corresponds to its serious appearance - more than ten routes have been laid to the double peaks of Dykhtau, but even the easiest of them belongs to category 4A, above average.

1. The highest mountain in Russia - Elbrus, 5642 m

On the border between the republics of Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, there is the Lateral ridge of the Caucasian mountain range, where Elbrus, the highest mountain in Russia, is located. Elbrus has two peaks - western and eastern; the difference between them is 21 m.

This mountain is not easy; it is the legacy of those times when the young Caucasus Mountains were still fire-breathing. Elbrus is a huge volcano, fortunately, long extinct. Over the past tens of millennia, Elbrus has been covered with a shell of ice of enormous thickness - in some places it reaches 250 m, which is equal to the height of an eighty-story building.

Despite the frightening height (Elbrus is considered the highest mountain not only in Russia, but also in Europe, and is also in the top ten), the mountain's temper is not evil and the path to the top has long been found. The first ascent to Elbrus took place in the first third of the 19th century. Since then, whoever has not been there! People climbed not only on foot, but also on horses, motorcycles and cars. They carried ATVs and even 75 kg barbells. And since the beginning of the 1990s, there have been regular competitions in high-speed climbing on the snow giant. From the foot to the top of Elbrus, the journey takes exactly 3 hours 28 minutes 41 seconds.

List of 80 highest mountain peaks of Russia

The table presents Mountain peaks a height of at least 4000 meters and located on the territory of the Russian Federation.