The Trans-Baikal Territory occupies a large territory, and more than a million people live in it. Many people are concentrated in this area. interesting places... In the Trans-Baikal Territory, attractions are associated with nature, culture, religion and many other areas.
The park was founded in 1999. It is located in the Duldurga region and occupies about 1400 sq. km. This area is unique in its geological characteristics. It is inhabited by:
- mammals - more than 30 species;
- birds - about 100 species;
- fish and amphibians - more than 20 species;
- insects - more than 400 species;
- plants - more than 1000 species (including lichens).
There are many natural attractions and historical and cultural sites in the park:
- natural monuments: Alkhanai char and Uuden Sume natural arch;
- rocky outliers: Damchog Sume, Zaguurdi, Sandama, Naro Khazhod, Khoreo Shuluun;
- caves: Ekhyn Umai, Temple of Badmasambava;
- the statues of Otosho, Namnanai Bagshi and the white Chakrasamvara;
- Buddhist temple Damchog Dugan;
- stone chapel;
- memorial suburgan to the XIV Dalai Lama;
- cascade of waterfalls Nine troughs;
- tiled burial grounds;
- stone slabs of Maniin Shuluun.
There are 6 routes for tourists with a length of up to 6,000 km, 2 of which involve the possibility of movement by car.
The reserve is considered one of the seven wonders of Transbaikalia and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The reserve is located in South-Eastern Transbaikalia and covers an area of 45.8 hectares. It was organized at the end of 1987 to protect bird nests.
The reserve is represented by steppe, lake-steppe, forest and wetland landscapes. Protected areas are surrounded by a buffer zone. In the village of Nizhniy Tsasuchey (Ononsky district), the central estate of the reserve was organized.
The fauna of the reserve includes more than 300 species of birds, and a third of them are included in the Red Book. Fifty species of mammals also live here, including the gazelle antelope, Daurian hedgehog, tarbagan marmot and cat-manul, which are listed in the Red Book.
This large Buddhist monastic complex is called the Braibunling Dam. It is located in Chita, and was founded in 2002. Today, khural services and various rituals are held here.
The territory of the datsan is an ideal square with a side of 108 m - a sacred number. The prayer temple is also square. The building has three tiers, a tiled roof and carved elements - the datsan-museum, which burned down in the last century, was taken as a model.
The central part of the temple is occupied by a two-meter statue of Buddha, which weighs 200 kg. In front of the entrance to the building, you can see a sacrificial censer (800 kg) and cast-iron statues of lions. Temple attendance is not limited by gender, age, or religion.
The reserve is a state reserve, located on the Khentey-Chikoiskiy highlands (south of Transbaikalia). It was founded at the end of 1973 and occupies almost 211 thousand hectares, including 36 thousand hectares of the protected area. Most the area is occupied by forests, therefore the reserve is considered a mountain-taiga one.
The flora and fauna of the reserve includes about 1000 vascular plants, 250 species of birds, 67 species of mammals, 1200 species of insects. The area is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
Tourists are offered several ecological routes. Some of them are more than 200 km long and last up to a week. Moving is possible on foot, by car, or by horse.
This tract is one of the seven wonders of Transbaikalia - the place was included in this list in 2010. It is a sandy massif covering an area of about 3000 hectares. This small desert is located in the Chara depression (foothills of the Kodar), 9 km away is the village of Chara (Kalarsky district).
Chara sands are surrounded by swamps and larch trees (taiga) - this combination with the desert is unique. The sand is quartz, fine and medium-grained. Ridges and dunes are formed from it, the height of which can reach 80 m, and the length - 170 m. Outwardly, the area resembles a Central Asian desert.
From the desert, you can see the snow-capped peaks of the mountains, which seem to be close. In fact, they are about 40 km away.
This current Buddhist monastery called Dashi Choypelling and is the oldest in the Trans-Baikal Territory. It was founded at the beginning of the 19th century. Datsan is located in the Mogoytuysky region (Tsugol village, Aginsky Buryat district).
The datsan was founded by three Agin clans. The main element architectural ensemble is the main temple. It combines Chinese and Tibetan architecture - traditional elements of Buryat temple architecture. Every day they spend in the temple Buddhist services... This place can be visited by a person of any gender, age and religion.
This national park was founded in 2014 and covers about 666,500 hectares. It included the liquidated Burkalsky and Atsinsky reserves.
The fauna of the park includes common and Siberian pine, fir, Siberian spruce, larch, dwarf cedar and a number of other plants, including 38 protected species. The fauna of the reserve is also rich - 155 species of birds, 67 species of mammals, fish, amphibians. Some representatives of the park's fauna are listed in the Red Book.
The territory of the park includes several natural monuments, including Bystrinsky char (mountain), Shebetui lake, Lamsky Gorodok tract.
The temple was founded in December 2001 and belongs to the seven wonders of Transbaikalia. It is located on the station square in the center of Chita. The cathedral was built with donations.
The size of the temple is impressive - in Siberia, it is the largest and accommodates 2500 people, although on big holidays it turns out to be twice as many people. The cathedral is attracted by a 60-meter bell tower. The main bell weighs 10 tons and is the largest in Siberia.
The interior of the temple consists of three parts - the vestibule, the central nave and the altar, separated from the central nave by a wall of icons. The temple library is noteworthy, consisting of several thousand books, mainly Orthodox literature. A Sunday school is organized for children.
It is located on the steppe plain of the same name and occupies about 46,000 hectares. The facility was formed in 2004.
The flora and fauna of the reserve includes unique plant communities (Green Book of Siberia), rare species of birds and mammals, including bustard, Daurian and black crane. Many representatives of the animal world are listed in the Red Data Books. Diversity of bird species accounts for more than a third of the avifauna the former USSR... Ephemeral wetland complexes are widespread on the territory.
This cave complex is located in the southeast Trans-Baikal Territory 7 km from the village of Ust-Borzya. The object is a natural monument and consists of two karst caves - Sukhaya and Mokruya. The total length is approximately 150 m.
You can get into them only by going down the steep icefall. The descent is 12 m. The Wet Cave includes several galleries and grottoes. Water enters here and solidifies, forming magnificent natural sculptures. Once the caves were inhabited - human bones, fragments of tools of labor of primitive people were found here.
It is dangerous to visit the caves on your own, but you can do it on special tours - they are organized several times a month during the season.
The object is the Nerchinsk Museum of Local Lore and is located in Nerchinsk. The building was founded in the second half of the 19th century. It owes its name to the Butin family who owned it. The palace is considered business card the city, and its main exhibit is a Venetian mirror - a square with a side of 4 m, which caused a lot of controversy about how it was brought into the palace hall.
Much of the luxurious furnishings of the palace have been lost. Preserved spiral staircase, some of the carved elements, a huge chandelier in the ballroom, paintings, including the original by Aivazovsky.
Today the palace houses a local history museum. The number of its exhibits is over 20 thousand. The museum belongs to one of the seven wonders of Transbaikalia.
Mount Pallas and the Great Source
This mountain is also called Vodorazdelnaya, the Great Divide, the Mountain of Five Seas - the rivers flow into 4 seas, and Baikal is called the fifth. It is located on the Yablonovy Ridge, in the west of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The absolute height is 1236 m. The mountain is called the Point of the Great Divide, as it is the source of three great rivers - the Yenisei, Amur and Lena.
Pallas is located 35 km north-west of Chita and is included in the territory of the Ivano-Arakhleisky reserve. There are several tourist routes, but it is more convenient to go through the Dvortsy tract. The length of the route is about 17 km.
The great source is considered an abnormal place and attracts people who believe in mysticism. They make up only a part of tourists - the rest value, above all, the uniqueness of the place and its magnificent nature.
Ivano-Arakhleysky nature reserve and Beklemishevsky lakes
The lakes are also called Ivano-Arakhleyskiy or Chita lakes. They represent the center of the reserve, the territory of which is protected.
The lakes are located to the west of Chita at an altitude of almost 1 km above sea level. The system consists of 6 large lakes, the water surface of which is 10 sq. km, as well as shallow bodies of water. 4 lakes belong to the Baikal system.
The reserve was founded in 1993 and occupies 210 thousand hectares. Its territory includes many recreation centers, which annually attracts more than 150 thousand tourists here. In the reserve there are more than half a thousand species of vascular plants, about 150 species of birds, 40 species of mammals and 800 species of insects.
This building is called the most beautiful in Chita. It was founded at the beginning of the 20th century by the Shumov brothers, who own the Kruchininsky mines. Today it houses the headquarters of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation for the Trans-Baikal Territory. There is also a small Museum of Management History, where among the exhibits there is a replica of the Chekist's office - the furniture is genuine, dating back to the middle of the 20th century.
The building claimed the title of one of the seven wonders of Transbaikalia. Previously, this building was a concentration of business and cultural life not only the entire city, but also the region. The building is perfectly preserved. This also applies to the rich stucco decoration. The building consists of three floors, decorated with domes, figured parapets, decorative white columns.
This object is called one of the seven wonders of Transbaikalia. It is a natural monument. The lake is located in the Uletovsky region and is located almost a kilometer above sea level. Ares feeds on groundwater. Its water surface is 4.6 square kilometers, and maximum depth is 13.5 m.
The water in the lake is slightly alkaline and slightly mineralized. The lake is actively used for recreation - its healing waters and mud are effective in treating skin diseases and trophic ulcers.
Ares is surrounded pine forest and its surroundings are rich in vegetation. There are two tourist bases on the coast: Arey and Kristall. The lake is attractive not only healing properties but also fishing.
The building was founded at the beginning of the 18th century. It is located in the village of Kalinino and is considered one of the seven wonders of Transbaikalia. There are few such places of worship preserved in Siberia.
The building was renovated in the second half of the 19th century. The church today is the oldest among the religious buildings of the pre-revolutionary period. Currently, the building is very neglected. The temple is not active, but it is not difficult to imagine its former greatness. The restoration of the church is planned.
This mountain range is located in the north of Transbaikalia and is its highest point: absolute height- more than 3000 km. It is often called the Transbaikal Alps. The ridge is 200 km long.
There are more than 30 glaciers on Kodar, which are natural monuments. The ridge is crossed by the Chara River, in the middle course of which there is charoite - a mineral used in jewelry.
This place is a small hanging valley in the Kodar mountain range. Previously, there was the Marble Mine, where uranium was mined - the main labor force was the prisoners. Remnants of that time are the destroyed camp, towers, a bridge - wooden buildings have been partially preserved to this day. Thanks to the cold climate, some household items have also survived: metal utensils, stoves.
A memorial plate to the climbers who took part in the development of the mine was installed on the territory.
Today this building is a museum, but once there was the Archangel Michael Church. It was founded in 1776 and is located in Chita. The museum was opened in 1985.
The building is made of wood and is the oldest in Chita. The collection of the museum includes documents, books, letters, household items, personal belongings of the Decembrists who were exiled to Siberia. In total, there are about 900 museum exhibits, including Bestuzhev's table and clock, Volkonskaya's casket. The transfer of the building to the museum is also connected with the fact that the Decembrists used to get married in the church, and the Volkonskys' daughter was buried next to the church.
Cauldron Stone, Maliy Bator and Big Bator
This rock is also called Togon Shuluun or the Chalice of Genghis Khan. The object is located in the Aginsky region and is a 4-meter high rocky outlier of natural origin. The rock got its name due to its external resemblance to a tripod - an old pot.
For local residents the cauldron stone is a place of worship. There is a path around the cliff - the path of the city. The stone must be traversed an odd number of clockwise times.
The Small Bator tract is also called Baga-Bator. It belongs to the territory of the Aginskaya steppe reserve and represents granite outlier rocks surrounded by trees - a sharp contrast to the local steppe.
Big Bator is located across the road and is the highest surrounding peak. There is a monument to Babzhi-Baras-bator, a legendary hero, on the mountain.
Trans-Baikal Territory is a vast territory with unique nature... It is with this fact that most of the attractions of this place are connected. Many objects are natural monuments. Other attractions reflecting the history, religion and culture of the region are also of interest to tourists.
The Trans-Baikal Territory is famous for its marvelous nature and mineral springs, in terms of the number of which, after the Caucasus, it ranks second. Snow covered Mountain peaks, century-old taiga, transparent lakes and mountain rivers delight and enchant a person who first came to this land. The sky here is almost always clear and clear - in terms of quantity sunny days the administrative center of Chita is even equated with Sochi.
The Trans-Baikal Territory is a territory where different peoples have left their age-old traces in the form of architectural and archaeological monuments, interesting customs, beliefs and rituals. There are many monuments of the Buryat national culture... You should definitely visit the Alkhanai National Park - the only place in Russia where natural attractions harmoniously coexist with the sacred objects of Buddhism.
List, photos with names and descriptions of attractions worth visiting!
1. Daursky reserve
It is located in the south of Transbaikalia, on the border with Mongolia and China. Founded in 1987 to protect the steppe ecosystems of Dauria. The main object is the Torey Lakes, the largest in the region, a nesting and resting place for many birds, including very rare ones, for example, the relic gull. Only here 6 species of cranes live. Also, the reserve is the only habitat of the gazelle antelope in the country. Another attraction is granite outliers unusual shapes Adun-Chelon.
2. Butinsky Palace
The main attraction of Nerchinsk. It was built in 1860-1870. It belonged to the well-known merchants-gold miners and patrons of the arts Butins. It was famous for its unique Venetian mirrors and a magnificent garden with tropical plants. In the courtyard of the estate, in addition to a chic medieval-style palace, there were water towers, warehouses, park areas, gazebos, fountains. In the early 2000s, the building was restored and transferred to the local history museum.
3. Great source (Mount Pallas)
A small mountain of the Yablonevy ridge, 1236 m high. A natural monument. Serves as the beginning of the three largest rivers - Amur, Lena, Yenisei. It is at this point, called the Great Source, that the basins of two oceans, three seas and three rivers meet. This discovery was made in the second half of the last century. The area attracts tourists with fresh air, endless expanses of water, larch taiga, high cliffs. In addition, the Great Source is a place of religious pilgrimage.
4. National Park "Kodar"
Created in 2018 in the north of Transbaikalia. Area - 492 hectares. Mountain taiga forests along the banks of two rivers - Chary and Vitim, ecosystems of Kodarsky mountain range, habitats of endangered animals, for example, bighorn sheep, historical and cultural objects. On the territory of the park there are the famous Charsky sands, volcanoes, glaciers, 570 lakes, mineral springs, the Marble Gorge and others natural objects... Tourist routes are being developed.
5. Chara sands
Sandy desert with an area of 10 by 5 km in the middle of the taiga. It is located at the foot of the Kodar ridge, in the Chara depression. The dunes reach a height of 80 m, the length of the largest - up to 200 m. On the border of the sands there are 2 lakes. It is believed that the desert arose on the site of an ancient glacial lake, from which only small water fragments remained, scattered throughout the basin. It is located in an inaccessible place, although the nearest village of Chara is 9 km away.
6. Glaciers of Kodar
Natural monument. The only place of mountain icing in Transbaikalia. It is located 50 km from the village of Chara. The main feature is the great distance from the sea and ocean coast. The total area of the glacial massif is more than 6 thousand hectares. It was opened in 1958. About 40 glaciers have been discovered and studied, the largest have their own names. The surroundings are very picturesque and attract climbers not only from Russia, but also from other countries.
7. National Park "Alkhanay"
The main pearl of the park in the Aginsky Buryat District is the Alkhanai mountain range covered with forests. It is a natural monument and at the same time one of the main Buddhist shrines. The objects of worship for pilgrims are stone figures and structures created by nature itself. Among them are the Temple of the Great Good with healing water, the Temple of the Gate rock in the form of a 6-meter arch, the Diamond Princess with a natural bowl, the cave "Mother's Womb" and others.
8. Assumption Church in Kalinino
The oldest surviving building of the pre-revolutionary period in Transbaikalia. It was consecrated in 1712. It was built as the main temple of the male Uspensky monastery, which was subsequently simplified, and the church was turned into a parish. Built in the Moscow Baroque style. In 1929 it was closed and ruined. Since 1970 it has been completely abandoned. There has been talk of restoration for a long time, but so far the building is being destroyed more and more.
9. Lake Arey
Natural monument. Area - 4 km 2, maximum depth - 13.5 m. healing air- is surrounded by larch and coniferous forests. They are complemented by picturesque alpine meadows. The mud from the bottom of the lake has medicinal properties and is used by local health resorts to treat skin diseases. Areya water is saturated with oxygen, contains silver, iodine and other useful substances. There are many anthills on the coast. There are several sources.
10. Baikal-Amur Mainline
One of the largest railways in the world. Length - 4287 km. It starts in the city of Taishet, crosses 11 rivers, 7 mountain ranges, 60 settlements and ends on the Pacific coast. Construction began before World War II and continued in 1974. The first trains on the way of the BAM passed in 1984. 10 tunnels have been built along the entire route, the most difficult one is in the Severo-Muisky ridge. Its length is over 15 km.
11. Kazan Cathedral in Chita
The main Orthodox church in the city was consecrated and opened in 2004, on the occasion of the 110th anniversary of the founding of the Trans-Baikal Diocese. Built on central square, on the site of the former cathedral, destroyed in 1936. Made in the style of traditional church architecture of the XIV-XVI centuries. The majestic look is given by 5 light drums with bulbous heads. It can accommodate more than 2 thousand believers. It has a 60-meter bell tower with 13 bells.
12. Aginsky datsan
Located in the village of Amithash. The date of foundation is 1811. Originally it consisted of one main and four small temples. Then another building was added, and by the end of the century the datsan became the largest in Transbaikalia. Buddhist monastery... He was famous for his library, medical, astrological and philosophical schools, he himself printed textbooks, dictionaries, ritual texts. In the 30s of the last century it was closed and plundered. In the early 90s, it was re-consecrated.
13. Shumovsky Palace
The ancestral home of the Shumov brothers, gold miners. The date of construction is 1914. The facade of the three-story mansion is painted in pink color, has white decorative columns, generously decorated with stucco in the form of floral ornaments, spirals, animal muzzles. The roof is crowned with domes with spiers. The interior decoration is no less luxurious - everywhere there are marble floors, paintings on the walls, moldings, wrought iron grates on the stairs. Today the palace houses the FSB headquarters.
14. Chita datsan
The very first Buddhist temple in Chita. It was built over 8 years, was consecrated and opened in 2010. To decorate it, a 2-meter gilded statue of Buddha, brass lions installed on the sides of the main deity, and a sacrificial censer were specially delivered from the Mongolian city of Ulan-Ude. Currently, services are held within the walls of the datsan - khurals, various rituals and ceremonies designed to help and protect against negative forces.
15. Heetei Caves
Natural monument consisting of two karst caves- Dry and Wet. The largest in Transbaikalia, the total length is 150-160 m. The wet cave is of an ice type, has 4 grottoes, the area of the largest is 70 by 60 m. To descend into it, you need to overcome a 12-meter icefall. The second cave - Dry or Letnaya - consists of a large funnel with limestone boulders at the bottom. It is advisable to visit the caves as part of excursions and with special equipment.
16. Chita Zoo
The first animals in the Pioneer Park of Chita appeared back in 1986 through the efforts of the employees of the Palace of Pioneers. And the official date for the opening of the city zoo should be considered 1994. The number of its inhabitants is growing steadily. Today 156 species of animals live here, about 700 individuals. Many acquire offspring, including the exotic Alexandrian parrots, which rarely breed in captivity. Guided tours are available for visitors to the zoo.
17. Transbaikal Botanical Garden
The botanical garden in Chita covers an area of 2.8 hectares. It also includes a nursery with an area of 24 hectares on the territory of the Peschanka village. Here they grow tropical, decorative, woody, medicinal plants, collections of roses, irises, lilies, etc. The assortment is constantly replenished due to expeditions and exchange of seeds with other botanical gardens. The staff of the institution conducts educational excursions. Of particular interest is a visit to the greenhouse winter gardens.
18. Museum of the Decembrists
More than 70 Decembrists were in hard labor in the current city of Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky, in the period from 1830 to 1839, the wives of 10 of them lived nearby. The museum was opened in 1980 in the preserved two-story mansion of Princess E. Trubetskoy. The expositions are located in 5 halls and acquaint visitors with the history of the Decembrist movement, as well as with the living conditions in which the exiled Decembrists lived. Among the exhibits are drawings, documents, books, household items.
19. Church of the Decembrists
The two-story Archangel Michael Church is the most ancient structure in Chita, a monument of wooden church architecture. The date of foundation is 1776. In the 70s of the last century, it was transferred to the local history museum; since 1985, a museum of the Decembrists has been opened on its territory. Many of them visited this temple while in exile, some got married here. The museum contains more than 800 original exhibits, including personal belongings, books, letters of the Decembrists and their wives.
20. Lake Arakhley
Among the largest lakes in Russia. It has a length of 11 km, a maximum depth of 20 m. The shores are very picturesque, covered with larch taiga with fragments of forest-steppe. There are sandy and sandy-pebble beaches. The region is famous for its notable year-round fishing. The ichthyofauna is represented by 15 fish species. It is believed that the Arakhlei fish is tastier and larger than the same in the neighboring lakes. On the coast are the villages of Preobrazhenka, Tasey, recreation centers, camps.
21. Lake Shakshinskoe
It is located 40 km from Chita, on the territory of the Arakhleysky reserve. The second largest after Arakhlei. It has an oval shape. Length - 11 km, maximum depth - 6.5 m. It is famous for its rich underwater world... Coastal flora - larch taiga forests with forest-steppe and meadow zones. The water is fresh, in the middle of summer it warms up to + 22˚С. There are all conditions for year-round fishing and a cozy holiday on the picturesque coast.
22. Chita Cathedral Mosque
The only example of a Muslim cult preserved in Transbaikalia. It was built at the beginning of the last century with donations from members of the urban Muslim community, which was very rich and numerous at that time. It is a two-storey red brick building with a high octahedral minaret tower. It can accommodate up to 800 people. In 1935-1995. was closed. Today the mosque is active, a Tatar school was opened with it.
23. Titovskaya Sopka
Located in the south-west of Chita. Named after ethnographer and archaeologist E. Titov. Represents dormant volcano the Mesozoic era. Height above sea level - 1 km. Contains more than 30 archaeological sites - fragments of ancient settlements, petroglyphs, tools, animal remains were found. At the foot of the hill there is a monument to the organizers of the Chita Republic, who were shot in 1906. Also, a chapel was built here and a worship cross was installed.
24. Rocks of Sukhotino
High granite rocks with steep cliffs. Monument of nature and archeology. They are located in the suburbs of Chita, on the banks of the Ingoda River, surrounded by delightful nature - pines, birches, willow bushes, wild rosemary thickets. Many different insects. Archaeological finds in the vicinity are 25 thousand years old. Among them are the remains of ancient people, animals, various products, petroglyphs. The area is popular with fishermen and rock climbers.
25. Park ODORA
Located in the center of Chita. Leads its history with late XIX century. Since 2010 it has been renovated and improved. There are children's zones, attractions, and a retro playground for the elderly. There are many sculptural compositions, among which - the learned cat, Zhdun, the figure of the actor A. Mikhailov in the image of Vasily from the film "Love and Doves". On the Walk of Fame presented military equipment... Created "Treasure Island" - a recreation area with a pond, a bridge, gazebos, a bench of reconciliation.
26. Sokhondinsky reserve
Located in southern Transbaikalia, in the vicinity mountain range Sokhondo. Organized in 1973. The area is more than 200 thousand hectares. Great landscape diversity - steppe zones, deciduous and coniferous forests, areas of mountain tundra. There are many mineral springs - arshan and mountain glacial lakes. The fauna includes 67 species of mammals, including 15 species of predators, 250 species of birds, 1200 species of arthropods. The world watershed runs through the protected area.
27. Chikoy National Park
Created in 2014 to preserve virgin natural complexes in the upper reaches of the Chikoy River. The area is more than 600 thousand hectares. Many animals and birds from the Red Data Book live here. There are several natural monuments, the most interesting is Lamsky town. This is a collection of freestanding rocks of the most incredible shape, created by the master-nature. Some of them are 50 m high. Several tourist routes run through the park.
28. Mineral spring Molokovka
Sources from mineral water in the valley of the Molokovka River, not far from Chita, have been known since the 19th century. It was then that a balneological resort was founded here, which is still operating today, known far beyond the borders of the region. Basically, for treatment, waters are used from two sources - ferrous and soda. In addition to them, in the Molokovka valley there are other springs with pleasant-tasting mineral water. There is a chapel next to the ferruginous spring.
29. Marble Gorge
A rocky, treeless valley in the Kodar Mountains, surrounded by 200-meter cliffs. Its name is associated with the abundance of different types of marble. It attracts tourists with its dark history. In the middle of the 20th century, there was a uranium mine and a forced labor camp for political prisoners who served as the main labor force. Uranium reserves turned out to be small, the camp existed for 2 years. Its buildings, barbed wire, household utensils have survived to this day.
30. Konduisk settlement
Located in the middle of the steppe, 7 km from the village of Kondui. Fragments of a 14th century settlement are related to the early history of the Mongol state in the Transbaikalia. Here, on an artificial embankment, was built the palace of the Mongol feudal lord, who belonged to the imperial family. Nearby there was a garden with gazebos, pavilions, a swimming pool. And although today the territory of the settlement is neglected, only the ruins of the castle and gravestones in the ground remain - there are always a lot of tourists here.
Geography
Located in Eastern Transbaikalia. It shares borders with the Buryat and Yakut republics, the Irkutsk and Amur regions, Mongolia and China. The Trans-Baikal Territory stretches about a thousand kilometers from north to south and 800-1500 kilometers from west to east.
The main rivers are the Baikal, Lena and Amur basins.
Climate
Despite the internal diversity, in general, the climate of Transbaikalia is sharply continental - harsh, with severe long winters and short but warm summers, and this is despite the fact that this region is located at the latitudes of Belarus and Ukraine.
The severity of the climate here is due to the fact that Transbaikalia is located in the center of the vast Asian continent at a great distance from the oceans and seas, on the one hand, and, on the other, by a significant elevation above sea level and the predominance of a dissected mountain-basin relief.
Average January temperature: -28.3 ° С.
Average July temperature: + 18.8 ° С.
Administrative territorial structure
The Trans-Baikal Territory includes the Aginsky Buryat District, 31 districts (Aginsky, Akshinsky, Aleksandrovo-Zavodsky, Baleisky, Borzinsky, Gazimuro-Zavodsky, Duldurginsky, Zabaikalsky, Kalarsky, Kalgan, Karymsky, Krasnokamensky, Krasnochikoisky, Kyrinsky, Mogoituisky, Nerogochinsky Nerchinsko-Zavodsky, Olovyanninsky, Ononsky, Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky, Priargunsky, Sretensky, Tungiro-Olekminsky, Tungokochensky, Uletovsky, Khiloksky, Chernyshevsky, Chita, Shelopuginsky, Petkinsky), 10 cities (Chita, Zabaykrovsk, Shilka, Baley, Mogocha, Khilok, Sretensk) and 45 villages.
Population
Ethnic composition: Russians 89.80%, Buryats 6.10%, Ukrainians 1.03%, Tatars 0.71%, Armenians 0.31%, Belarusians 0.26%, other 0.23%. The number of men is 558 thousand people, the number of women is 596 thousand people. Urbanization 63.9%
Flora and fauna
Unique flora and fauna of Zabaikalsky national park, on the territory of which there is the largest seal rookery on Lake Baikal and noisy bird colonies, invariably arouse interest among scientists, the park is especially popular. In the park, you can find such rare, listed in the Red Book, bird species such as whooper swan, black crane and black stork, peregrine falcon and white-tailed eagle.
Economy
Non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy, mechanical engineering (car assembly plant, mining equipment plant), electric power industry (Chita and Kharanorskaya state district power stations), coal and light industry (worsted-cloth combine) are developed in the region.
The region is a large agricultural region east of Lake Baikal, specialized in fine-wool sheep breeding. Meat and dairy and beef cattle breeding, partly pig breeding, poultry farming are also developed. Plant growing takes place, the main sown areas are concentrated in the central, southern and southeastern regions. In mountain taiga and northern regions hunting is developed.
Transbaikalia is significantly removed from the western part of the country, at the same time it is close to the Russian Far East and occupies a key position on the path to The Pacific Ocean and countries South-East Asia... Distance by railroad from Chita to Moscow - 6074 km, Yekaterinburg - 4386, Novosibirsk - 2861, Khabarovsk - 3327, Irkutsk - 1013 km.
Minerals
Non-ferrous and precious metals, iron ore, coal, fluorspar, various building materials. The most famous deposits: polymetallic ores - Novoshirokinskoe; copper ores - Udokanskoe; titanium-magnetite ores - Kruchininskoe; coal - Kharanorskoe.
