In our vast Russia there are many salt lakes, beauty and uniqueness, which is incomparable with anything. The Dead Sea in Israel in terms of mineral content is currently compared with Lake Elton in Volgograd region(140-200 ‰), by the Baskunchak lake in Astrakhan region(300 ‰), by Lake Bear in Kurgan region(350-360) and Lake Collapse in Orenburg region(300 ‰).
You can find a healing lake in almost any region of the country. Here is the entire list.
Stavropol Territory - Tambukan, Salt Lake - Petrovsky District, Salt Lake, Salt Lake is located between the villages of Krasnogvardeyskoye and Ladovskaya Balka, 9 km southeast of the farm Medvezhensky Krasnogvardeisky district.
Astrakhan Region - Lake Baskunchak, the city of Akhtubinsk, Tinaki, FBU Center for Rehabilitation of the FSS RF "Tinaki".
Volgograd Region - Lake Elton, Lake Bulukhta, Botkul (Salt mud of Botkaly-Sor).
Krasnodar Territory - Salt Lake (Veselovka settlement), Khan Lake, Yeysk, Ubezhinsky Mud Salt Lakes.
Khakassia - Lake Tus, Lake Shira.
Rostov Region - Lake Pelekino.
Novosibirsk region - Salt lake (Novoklyuchi), Plakhino lake, Krasnozersky sanatorium, Krasnozerskoe miracle - lake.
Republic of Tuva - Medicinal lake Dus-Khol (Svatikovo) Kyzyl, Lake Kok-Khol, Lake Khadyn, Cheder Resort, Ush-Beldir and Tarys hot springs.
Omsk region - Ebeyty, Lake Ulzhai.
Altai Territory - Bolshoye Yarovoye, Salt Lake (Zavyalovo village), Gorkoye Lake, Malinovoye Lake.
Kurgan region - Bear lake, Lake Gorkoye (Zverinogolovskoye), Gorkoye-Victoria (Schuchansky district)
Chelyabinsk Region - Gorkoye Lake (Khomutino village)
Orenburg region - Lake Razval, Lake Zhetykol village. Ozerny.
Tyumen Region - Salt Lake is located 1 km away. from the village of Okunevo, Berdyuzhsky district.
Buryatia - Lake Kiran.
I managed to visit the Salt Lake near the village of Veselovka on Taman Peninsula and the mud volcano Tizdar. Dirt, in addition to sources, can be found on the coastal strip, if you dig a hole in the hills, gentle slopes. Mud and water Sea of Azov have medicinal properties.
Medicinal lakes of Russia (mineral lakes) - contain unique sets of microelements, water has natural antiseptic properties, mud is natural wellness complex... Treatment of diseases on a salt lake occurs due to several factors: ultraviolet light, brine, silt mud. After swimming, when you leave the lake and dry up, you immediately become covered with a thin white layer of salt, which crumbles.
I would like to focus on several of the country's most popular resorts on the Lakes and tell a little about them.
This is Lake Tambukan, located near Pyatigorsk. Tambukan mud belongs to the group of highly mineralized silt, medium sulfide mud. Mineralization of dirt ranges from 30 to 100 grams per liter. It also contains calcium, magnesium, selenium, silver, strontium, manganese, as well as some organic compounds. Tambukan mud is an amazing natural antioxidant that can have a rejuvenating and cleansing effect, improves skin microcirculation and blood circulation, simultaneously activates skin immunity and metabolism, stimulates regenerative processes, which allows the elimination of toxins and toxins, normalizes the skin balance, splitting fats and absorbing excess skin fat, moisturizing and toning the skin.
Buryatia, Lake Kiran. The bottom of the lake is composed of healing silt. The salts contain sodium chlorides, sulfates and carbonates. The healing mud of Lake Kiran is used not only by local medical institutions, but also exported outside the Kyakhta region. Indications for treatment on Kirana are essentially no different from those for most mud resorts, namely: chronic diseases of joints, bones, muscles of various etiologies, diseases of the peripheral nervous system (neuralgia, neuritis, neurositis, plexitis, polyneuritis), chronic inflammatory diseases female genital area, pelvic tissue and peritoneum and some types of chronic eczema, as well as diseases of the male genital apparatus. Mud is also used in cosmetology.
Lake Shira in Khakassia. The healing properties of lake water have become widely known since the second half of the XIX century. An active participant in the establishment of a resort here was the Tomsk gold-mining merchant ZM Tsibulsky. According to legend, Tsibulsky drew attention to the fact that his dog, accidentally wounded by him while hunting near the lake and left local resident to die, swimming in the lake, healed her wounds and ran home completely healthy herself. Deciding to check how healing the lake water is, Tsibulsky tried to heal his chronic sciatica with baths and, indeed, got rid of the disease. On the shores of the lake, a number of health resort institutions have emerged, united under the name "Lake Shira Resort". Mineral lake water is similar to the Batalinskaya water of the Caucasus and contains a salt concentration of 17-20 g / liter. Silt mud extracted from the bottom of the reservoir is also used for treatment.
And, of course, the healing nature Altai Territory has kept many healing lakes for us. Lake Bolshoye Yarovoe. The therapeutic mud of Lake Bolshoye Yarovoye is used for arthrosis, arthritis, joint deformities, for adhesions in the abdominal cavity, and in the small pelvis. In gynecology, mud is used to treat chronic endometritis, menstrual irregularities, infertility, and recurrent miscarriage. In andrology, the mud of the lake is used to treat chronic prostatitis and sexual dysfunctions. The mud in Lake Bolshoye Yarovoe has indicators that are not inferior to the mud resorts of the Crimea and the Caucasus (Saki, Staraya Russa). The effect of treatment on Lake Yarovoe is 90%.
Lake Raspberry. The history of the lake. Foreigners who were fortunate enough to share a meal with the Great Empress Catherine II marveled at the unusual pinkish-raspberry-colored salt served at the table. They have not seen such a curiosity anywhere else. And the Russians knew that it was brought from the distant, distant Kulunda steppe, located at the foot of Altai mountains... But few people could visit those distant places - it was so hard to get there. There were only legends that there was a huge pink lake, having bathed in which, non-native women soon bring babies, and the pockmarked prettier.
The bitter-salty water in it is pink-crimson, this shade gives it a special phytoplankton. Another feature of this lake is the supply of medicinal mud. Unique natural object at the same time it is not protected in any way: it does not have the status of a specially protected natural area even at the local level. Meanwhile, together with the pine forest and vegetation of salt marshes, Raspberry Lake is a unique natural complex in need of protection.
According to studies carried out by the Research Institute of Balneology and Physiotherapy, employees of the Altai State Medical University, the most promising for therapeutic use in resort and out-of-resort conditions are brine, mud and clay of lakes: Bolshoye and Maloye Yarovoye, Solenoye, Krivoye, Belenkoye, Krivaya abyss, Kulundinskoye, Kuchuk, Syropyatovskoe, Kharkivskoe, Guseletovskoe, Gorko-Melnikovskoe, Baklan, Baklanenok, Therapeutic, Raspberry, Bolshoye Mormyshanskoe, Gorkoe, Gorko-Peresheechnoye, Shchekulduk.
The beauty of Russian nature should be used rationally by us and preserved for posterity. Enjoy your trip, gain health!
There are several contenders for the title of the saltiest lake in the world. Each of them is unique in its own way, somehow stands out from the rest and has every right to worldwide fame. Consider what is the saltiest lake in the world, depending on various parameters.
The most famous salt lake
If we talk exclusively about such a parameter as the popularity of a reservoir, then it is in the first place. And do not rush to be indignant at the inconsistency of the name. In fact, the Dead Sea is big lake, because it does not have a drain, that is, it does not flow into the ocean, as it should be with every sea.
It is located in Jordan, or rather, on its border with Israel. The Jordan River and several other small rivulets and streams flow into it. Due to the hot climate, the water here constantly evaporates, while the salt does not disappear anywhere, but only accumulates, which is why its concentration is constantly increasing.
On average, the salt concentration here reaches 28-33%. For comparison: the concentration of salt in the oceans does not exceed 3-4%. And the highest concentration in the Dead Sea is observed in the south - at the farthest end from the confluence of the river. Salt pillars are even formed here due to the active drying of the brine.
The largest salt lake in the world
If we talk not only about the concentration of salt, but also about the size of the reservoir, then Lake Uyuni in the south of the Bolivian desert plain is called the largest salt lake in the world. Its area is 19,582 square kilometers. This is a record figure. At the bottom of the lake there is a thick layer of salt (up to 8 meters). The lake is filled with water only in the rainy season and becomes like a perfectly flat mirror surface.
During the dry season, the lake resembles a salt desert. There is active volcanoes, geysers, whole islands of cacti. Residents of nearby settlements not only use salt to cook, but even build houses.
The saltiest lake in Russia
There are many salt lakes in Russia, which are its natural wealth and attractions. So, the saltiest lake in Russia is located in the Volgograd region and it is called Elton. Its surface has a golden-pink hue, and water and mud from the bottom have healing properties. Therefore, it is not surprising that more than one health resort has been built around the lake.
By the way, the concentration of salt in Elton is 1.5 times higher than in the Dead Sea. In summer, this lake dries up so much that its depth becomes only 7 cm (versus 1.5 meters in spring). The lake is almost perfectly round in shape; 7 rivers flow into it. So, Lake Elton is also the saltiest lake in Eurasia.
Another Russian salt lake is Lake Bulukhta. And although it does not have those healing properties Like Elton, tourists still like to come here. The lake is among wildlife, and getting here is not so easy.
The coldest salt lake in the world
An incredibly salty Lake Don Juan was discovered on a glacier in Antarctica, which also has the right to be the first in terms of salinity and geographic location. The lake got its name from the names of two helicopter pilots who discovered it - Don Ro and John Hickey.
According to its parameters, the lake is small - only 1 kilometer by 400 meters. Its depth in 1991 was no more than 100 meters, and today it dried up to a level of only 10 cm. The lake has also decreased in size - today it has a length of 300 m and a width of 100 m. Until the end, the lake does not dry up only thanks to groundwater. The salt concentration is higher here than in the Dead Sea - 40%. The lake does not freeze even in 50-degree frost.
Lake Don Juan is also interesting because the geography in its vicinity resembles the surface of Mars. Scientists suggest the presence of similar salt lakes on Mars.
There are about 5 million lakes in the world, but we have only heard of a few of the largest. Do you think that Baikal is the largest lake in the world? In fact, Baikal is only 7th in the ranking of the largest lakes!
Did you know that the area of the largest lake on the planet is equal to the area of 52 million football fields and is comparable to the area of Moscow multiplied by 150 times? Not? Then read below!
No. 10. Big Slave Lake - 28,930 square kilometers. North America.
Big Slave Lake is on the 10th place in terms of area among the lakes of the world, besides, it is also the most deep lake v North America... Its depth is 614 meters. The dimensions of the Great Slave Lake: 480 km in length, 19-109 km in width, and the area is 28,930 square kilometers.
From October to June, the lake is frozen, and in winter the ice can support the weight of trucks. Rivers flowing into the lake: Hay, Slave, Snowdrift, etc. The Mackenzie River flows out of the lake. The origin of the lake is glacial-tectonic.
No. 9. Lake Nyasa - 30,044 square kilometers. East Africa.
Lake Nyasa (Malawi) is the ninth largest lake in the world. Lake Nyasa fills a crack in the earth's crust in the Great Rift Valley in East Africa, located between Mozambique and Tanzania. The length of the lake is 560 km, the depth is 706 m. Nyasa contains 7% of the world reserves of liquid fresh water.
Nyasa is known for its rich ecosystem, many of the species found in the lake are endemic. The origin of the lake is tectonic.
No. 8. Big Bear Lake - 31,080 square kilometers. Canada.
Big Bear Lake is located 200 km south of the Arctic Circle in Canada. The lake is the eighth largest lake in the world and the fourth largest in North America. Dimensions of the lake: length - 320 km, width - 175 km, maximum depth - 446 m.
The lake does not have a very good history. Uranium was found here. It was from here that uranium was mined for the manufacture of bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The lake is almost always frozen, the ice rarely melts before the end of July. The origin of the lake is glacial-tectonic.
No. 7. Lake Baikal - 31,500 square kilometers. Eastern Siberia.
Baikal is the deepest lake in the world, the largest water reservoir, which contains 20% of the world's reserves of liquid fresh water. Baikal is also considered one of the cleanest lakes in the world.
The lake ranks seventh in area in the world and first in volume. Dimensions of the lake: length - 636 km, width - 80 km, maximum depth - 1642 m, volume - 23 600 km3.
The origin of the lake is tectonic, more than 25 million years old. The fauna of Lake Baikal is one of the most unique in the world, many species are endemic.
No. 6. Lake Tanganyika - 32,893 square kilometers. Central Africa.
Lake Tanganyika is one of the deepest lakes in the world, along with Lake Baikal. The lake lies between 4 countries - Democratic Republic of Congo, Tanzania, Zambia and Burundi.
Dimensions of the lake: length - 676 km, width - 72 km, maximum depth - 1470 m, volume - 18,900 km3. The origin of the lake is tectonic.
Tanganyika lies in the deepest tectonic depression in Africa and is part of the basin of the Congo River, one of the largest rivers in the world.
No. 5. Lake Michigan - 58,016 square kilometers. North America.
Lake Michigan is one of the Great Lakes. This lake is the largest of the lakes entirely located in the United States. Michigan is the fifth largest in the world and the third largest in the Great Lakes. The volume of the lake is 4918 m3, length - 494 km, width - 190 km, maximum depth - 281 m. The origin of the lake is glacial-tectonic.
No. 4. Lake Huron - 59,596 square kilometers. North America.
Lake Huron is one of the Great Lakes. This lake is located on the territory of two countries: the USA and Canada. Huron is the fourth largest lake in the world. The volume of the lake is 3538 m3, length - 331 km, width - 295 km, maximum depth - 229 m. The origin of the lake is glacial-tectonic.
No. 3. Lake Victoria - 69,485 square kilometers. East Africa.
Lake Victoria is located in Tanzania, Kenya. After the construction of the Owen Falls Dam in 1954, the lake was converted into a reservoir. There are many islands on the lake. Fishing is developed on the lake and there are many ports on the territory of the three countries. A national park has been formed on the island of Rubondo (Tanzania).
Victoria is the third largest lake in the world. The volume of the lake is 2760 m3, length - 320 km, width - 274 km, maximum depth - 80 m. The origin of the lake is tectonic.
The lake was discovered and named after Queen Victoria by the British traveler John Henning Speke in 1858.
# 2. Lake Superior - 82,414 square kilometers. North America.
Lake Superior is the second largest lake in the world and the largest of the Great Lakes, located on the border of the United States and Canada. The volume of the lake is 12,000 m3, length - 563 km, width - 257 km, maximum depth - 406 m. The origin of the lake is glacial-tectonic.
Etymology of the name. In the Ojibwe language, the lake is called Gichigami, which means "big water".
# 1. Caspian Sea - 371,000 square kilometers. Europe Asia.
The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth and is classified as the largest lake or sea due to its size. Located on the knock of Europe and Asia. Volume - 78 200 m3, length - 1200 km, width - 435 km, maximum depth - 1025 m. Length coastline The Caspian Sea is approximately equal to 6500 kilometers.
130 rivers flow into the Caspian Sea, the largest of them are the Volga, Terek, Sulak, Ural, Kura, Artek and others. The Caspian Sea washes the shores of Kazakhstan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Russia, Azerbaijan.
The origin of the lake is oceanic.
Salt lakes meet throughout Russia. They are mostly drainless, which means that minerals and salts are not washed out. Over time, the proportions of substances can change under the influence of various factors. According to the degree of mineralization, the lakes are subdivided into brackish, salty and saline.
Salt lakes formed different ways for example, some were in the past bays of the seas or salt pits. Sometimes they dry up, leaving deposits of deposits on the surface, but in a favorable season for themselves, they are again filled with water. The depth is also rarely great, although there are exceptions.
The advantage of such lakes for tourists is medicinal and cosmetic mud. In most cases, you can use mud without a doctor's prescription, but it is better to consult a specialist. It is not surprising that sanatoriums and recreation centers have been built on the shores of many lakes.
Salt lakes are analogues of the Dead Sea in Russia!
The largest, most beautiful and popular for recreation and treatment among tourists. List with titles and short descriptions.
Baskunchak
Salt lake of the Astrakhan region. Area - 106 km², maximum depth - 3 m. Territorially included in the Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky reserve. There are deposits of healing clays and muds. The brine is used for taking baths. Salt deposits are visible to the naked eye. A sanatorium of the same name was built on the coast. The best time for a visit - summer. There are two tourist routes that go around the lake.
Elton
Located in the Volgograd region near the border with Kazakhstan. The area is 152 km². This is the largest salt lake in Russia. The depth varies significantly depending on the season, but does not exceed the limit of one and a half meters. The concentration of salts is so high that they precipitate. Mineralization is one of the highest in the world. There is a balneological resort on the shore that uses local mud, and in the village nearby there is the Elton sanatorium.
Koyashskoe
Lake south coast Kerch Peninsula... Area - a little more than 5 km², average depth- less than a meter. Koyashskoye is separated from the Black Sea by a narrow isthmus. Salty water has a pink color that changes its shades throughout the year. The phenomenon is explained by the presence of brine and aquatic vegetation. Salt deposits are clearly visible on the stones. It is part of the Opuksky Nature Reserve. These places are most picturesque in May.
Collapse
The lake appeared in the Orenburg region as a result of flooding salt quarry... The modest area of 6.8 hectares is complemented by an impressive maximum depth of 22 m. The water is considered curative, especially useful for people with skin problems. The salt concentration is comparable to that of the Dead Sea. This prevents the formation of an ice crust even in severe frosts. In the past, Razval had the status of a natural monument.
Bolshoe Yarovoe
Located in the west of the Altai Territory. The area is up to 70 km², the maximum depth is up to 8 m. different times of the year. The salinity of the water decreases over the years. Wherein chemical composition is still comparable to the Dead Sea. Since 1972, a sanatorium has been operating near the coast, using silt mud and brine for medical procedures.
Vats
The largest lake in Western Siberia belongs to the territory Novosibirsk region... The area is up to 2269 km², the maximum depth is 10 m. Chany is a system of streams, which are connected by shallow areas and channels. There are about 70 islands. In terms of tourism, it is popular as a fishing and waterfowl hunting spot. Recreation centers operate on the shore. The Kirzinsky reserve has been created in the north of the lake.
Sasyk-Sivash
The most large lake Crimea. The area exceeds 73 km², the maximum depth is 1.2 m. It is separated from the sea by an isthmus. Salt is mined on this strip of sushi and sea sand... The color of the water is pink, in some seasons it becomes even more saturated, turning into red. Bubbling on the surface - salt water emissions. Mud is used for medical procedures, and algae in cosmetology.
Big Yashaltinskoe
Located in the Republic of Kalmykia. Area - 40 km², average depth - half a meter. The lake can be called shallow, which is explained by the structure of its almost flat bowl. Belongs to the Manych lake group. V summer months there are many vacationers here, but mostly locals. The healing mud and well-warming water potentially give hope for the development of the tourism industry here.
Saki
One of the most popular lakes in Crimea. The area is 9.7 km², the average depth is a little more than half a meter. It is separated from the Black Sea by a strip of land. The western part is a raw material base, the eastern part is a recreational one. Local black ooze is used to treat hormonal problems, skin infections and other diseases. 15 sanatoriums have been built in the district. The most famous are named after Budenko and named after Pirogov.
Dus-Khol (Svatikovo)
Located in the central part of Tuva. The translation of the name is "salt lake". The area is 55 hectares, the average depth is 2 m. The coast is actively used for recreation in the warm season. There are a lot of visitors, so the infrastructure is gradually developing. A cafe was built in the form of a yurt with appropriate decoration. There are sanatoriums, camping, places for setting up tents. The brine and mud are used for all kinds of treatments.
Salt (Zavyalovskie lakes)
330 lakes are located on an area of 220 thousand hectares in the Altai Territory. Among them is Salty, rich in deposits of mud and mineral waters. Silt deposits have different colors and properties. The entrance to the water is not convenient everywhere, as tourists dig holes near the shore for mud extraction. There is a recreation center called "Salt Lake". There is parking, places for tents, small shops, rental houses.
Kak-Hol
Belongs to the territory of Tuva. The translation of the name is "swampy lake". The area is 2.2 km², the maximum depth is slightly more than half a meter. You won't be able to swim here - the water is shallow. But tourists come for mud therapy, smear themselves with silt right on the shore of the reservoir. There is little vegetation around, salt marshes, salt deposits and small swamps. Nearby attraction is Dus-Khol lake.
Kiranskoe
It is located in Buryatia and has a more common name - "Salty". Area - 0.4 km², maximum depth - 1 meter. The volume of water changes not only in different months, heavy rain can significantly affect the surface area. Exploration of the lake began in 1700. Now the most popular institution here is the Kiran mud bath. In 1980 it received the status of a natural monument.
Khadyn
Salt lake in Tyva. The name translates as "birch". The area is 2.3 thousand hectares, the average depth is 2 m. The river of the same name flows in. The shores are dark with distinct white stripes - salt deposits. Due to the mineral composition of the water, fish are not found here, there are also few insects and birds. Mud and water can be used to treat and prevent disease, but tourism is still underdeveloped.
Ebates
The largest salt lake in the Omsk region. The area is up to 11 thousand hectares, the maximum depth is 2 m. The sizes are variable, depending on precipitation and the season. Despite the high mineralization and large deposits of medicinal mud, there are no clinics and recreation centers. Tourism is wild, there are not many visitors. There is a constant collection of crustacean cysts. Since 1979, the reservoir has been declared a natural monument.
Salty
Is in Krasnodar Territory, near the village of Veselovka. Until the 50s of the last century, salt was mined here. The mud lies at the bottom in layers, you can easily fall ankle-deep. The procedures should not be carried out longer than 15 minutes. Tourists wash off the dried crust usually in the sea, since the beach is within walking distance. Nearby mud volcanoes Hephaestus and Tizdar.
Kulundinskoe
The largest lake in the Altai Territory. The area is 728 km², the maximum depth is 4 m. The banks are relatively smooth and flat, with the exception of the eastern part. There are many islands, bays, and ragged lines. On the east side, there are many comfortable sandy areas for recreation. Residual reservoir - formed after the shallowing of a large lake basin.
Bulukhta
Located in the Volgograd region. The translation of the name is "spring", also called Bitter-Salty. Area - 77 km². The banks are indented, partly swampy, there is a layer of Glauber's salt. The muddy bottom is uneven, you can fall through. The largest of the islands was named Small. There are rare species in the area, for example, the burial eagle. Nearby attraction: Lake Elton.
Tambukan
It is part of two constituent entities of the Russian Federation at once: the Stavropol Territory and Kabardino-Balkaria. Pyatigorsk is only 9 km away. The area is 170 hectares, the average depth is 2 m. The composition of the mud is comparable to the deposits of the Dead Sea. You cannot drink water, it will cause health problems, but swimming is allowed, only for a short time. There are no fish, as well as nesting places for birds. Tourists are repelled by the unpleasant smell emanating from the Tambukan.
Raspberry
Located in the Altai Territory. The area is 11.4 km². A tourist base has been built on the coast. Since 2013, the reservoir has been included in the Big Tourist Golden ring Altai Territory "- popular tourist route... The healing mud deposits attract those wishing to carry out wellness procedures. Temperature drops happen all the time, this must be taken into account when planning a trip.
Bearish
Refers to the Kurgan region. The area is 61.3 km², the maximum depth is 1.2 m. The increased salinity and mineralization of the water caused the absence of fish and aquatic vegetation. The lake is divided into Big and Small by six islands. A resort of the same name was built on the coast. Mud is used for treatment, as a preventive measure and to raise the general tone of the body.
Khan
Salt Lake Krasnodar Territory... The area is 86 km², the maximum depth does not even reach a couple of meters. In the past, the reservoir was the gulf of the Azov Sea. Periodically dries up, exposing salt crusts. Due to the healing properties of the mud, it was taken under protection. The sanatoriums of the city of Yeisk use local silt deposits in a wide range of procedures. Since 1988 it has the status of a natural monument.
Party
Bitter-salt lake of Khakassia. Area - 2.6 km², maximum depth - 2 m. The reservoir is gradually desalinated. The salt does not completely dissolve in the water, which causes a crusty precipitate to form on the bottom. There are tourist centers, including Voskhod. The area is considered a resort of regional importance. Attraction nearby - object cultural heritage"Burial ground Tus".
Bitter
Located in the Novosibirsk region near the village of Novoklyuchi. The area is just under 7 km². The northern coast is more suitable for recreation. Mud deposits have high performance in terms of mineral composition. They are black, oily with a distinct smell of hydrogen sulfide. Here they treat skin diseases, nervous system, respiratory organs and more. There is a health-improving complex of the same name.
Uljay
Located in the south-east of the Omsk region. The area is 14.5 km², the maximum depth is 1.3 m. The northern coast is "multi-layered", the terraces hang over each other. From the other sides, it is more convenient to enter the water. The thickness of the layer of local mud deposits exceeds half a meter. They are useful in the treatment of many diseases. They are used, among other things, at the Omskiy Rehabilitation Center. In 1978 it received the status of a natural monument.
Tinaki
Salt lake a few kilometers from Astrakhan. The name is derived from silt deposits, which are called mud in the district. The pink color of the water is due to the presence of magnesium salts. The area is small, the depth in summer is no more than a meter. A mud cure resort has been built on the shore, and a rehabilitation center of the same name is also operating. People come here not only for treatment, but also for cosmetic procedures.
Botkul
Located on the border between Russia and Kazakhstan. The area is up to 70 km². The reservoir is shallow, periodically dries up. Salt deposits and areas with mud deposits are clearly visible on the surface. There is a persistent smell of hydrogen sulfide in the area, and the territory is covered with salt marshes. There are prospects for the development of several directions of tourism, but so far the potential has not been practically realized.
Chokrak
Crimean salt lake near the village of Kurortnoye. The translation of the name is "spring". The area is 8.5 km², the average depth is less than a meter. It is separated from the Sea of Azov by an embankment. The water is pink in color, its saturation is variable. Sediments and miniature crustaceans gave such a hue. Muds are useful in cosmetology and treatment. The composition of the water is close to that of the Dead Sea. The lake is part of a nature reserve.
Bitter
Salt lake in the Yegoryevsky district of the Altai Territory. The area is a little less than 42 km², the average depth is 3.5 m. The banks are low with a convenient entrance to the water, except for the northern side, where a swamp has formed. The channel connects the reservoir with the Gorko-Peresheechnoye lake. For a hundred years, the Lebyazhye sanatorium has been operating on its banks, using local mud and mineral water for procedural treatment. The composition of the water is comparable to that of Essentuki 17.
Moinak
Crimean lake, located in the west of Evpatoria. The area is 1.76 km², the maximum depth is less than a meter. The territory is considered a resort in every sense. On the east coast comfortable beaches. Sludge and mud are used for cosmetology and treatment. The water contains beneficial minerals. There are several sanatoriums, the most popular is the Moinakskoye mud bath.
What is the saltiest lake in the world? The most famous is the Dead Sea in the Middle East, in which, due to the high density of the water, it is impossible to drown. But the palm does not belong to him. Several lakes in the world have a salt content higher than the Dead Sea. Here is a list of the most saline lakes in the world:
Most salty
All lakes from the list of the most saline (of course, except for Lake Don Juan) have long been a place for salt mining. Over time, various hospitals have been added to the salt industries, because the microclimate around such lakes has a beneficial effect on the human body, and many diseases can be treated with mud. For example, the salt deposit of Lake Elton began to be regularly developed during the time of Ivan the Terrible, shortly after his conquest of the Astrakhan Khanate. During the reign of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, two routes were laid for the export of salt, and by the decree of the ruling Senate on February 27, 1747, the "Commissioner for the extraction of salt" was established.
Since the end of the 19th century, Elton has been exclusively of resort importance; salt mining has ceased there. But Lake Baskunchak combines "two in one". Here not only salt is mined, but also a whole bunch of diseases are treated. Baskunchak's salt is the purest table salt in the world, while covering up to 80 percent of the needs of the Russian market.
Lake Baskunchak is also famous for the fact that in the 60s of the last century a track was built on it to establish All-Union speed records. As a result, from 1960 to 1963, 29 records were set, including 19 international ones. The maximum speed was 311.4 km / h. Later, due to the ongoing development of the salt field and the deterioration of the hydrological situation, the route, where there was a 13-kilometer straight section, was closed.
The Dead Sea is widely known as an international resort; it has the largest area and the most developed infrastructure among the five record holders. Despite this, salt mining continues there today. But the sea level, unlike its Russian counterparts, is regularly falling. However, at great depths, complete shallowing will not come very soon.
Lake Assal in the small African state of Djibouti is located just 5 kilometers from Indian Ocean and 155 meters below its level. It occupies a crater extinct volcano... On the lake, which lies in a very troubled (in a social sense) region of Africa, there is not a single sanatorium. Here only salt is mined and delivered by caravans to neighboring Ethiopia.
Antarctic phenomenon
Lake Don Juan was discovered in 1961, and the name was given by the names of the helicopter pilots who first discovered it: Don Ro and John Hickey. Obviously, when the name was given, they decided to beat the name of Don Juan, known in literature, and the English "John" was translated into Spanish. At the time of opening, the water temperature was -30 degrees Celsius, but due to the high salt content, the lake was not frozen. His accurate description was received only in the 70s of the last century.
The 1977 handbook indicates that the area of the lake is 0.25 km 2, and its average depth is about 30 centimeters. Twenty years later, the area and depth of the reservoir have greatly decreased. Today it is just a very large 3 hectare salt puddle with an almost perfectly flat bottom. No life, including bacteria, was found in the lake.
It is located in the region of Antarctica called Victoria Land, in the Wright Valley. The average salinity is 402 ppm, some measurements show a value of 413. Lake Don Juan is described as the point of emergence of groundwater with high salinity. Thanks to the unique natural conditions- permanent strong winds and great dryness of the air - the water evaporates, leaving the brought substances in the reservoir. Due to the high concentration of salt, the lake does not freeze even in a frost of -53 degrees Celsius.
All these reservoirs have a very high salt concentration, more than an order of magnitude higher than the salinity of the World Ocean. Which of them is more worthy of the title of "the saltiest lake in the world"? In absolute terms, this is Elton - 500 ppm. But sometimes, with an abundance of melt water, the lake becomes much fresher, restoring its primacy in dry years. And the Dead Sea, with the continued shallowing, has good "prospects" after some time to seize the sole leadership. This lake has the greatest depth and area and, as a result, the largest volume of water and the total amount of mineral substances.
