Let's go on vacation to Jordan! What kind of country is this, where there is both beach tourism (Red and Dead Seas) and ancient history. Getting to know Jordan in an easy-to-read article, all the most important things to know: where to go, beautiful sights, the best beaches, the weather, when is the best time to go and even show it all on the map! Begin...
For a long time, the countries of the Middle East have aroused burning interest among the inhabitants of the planet, who love to explore unfamiliar worlds, unlike other parts of the Earth, neither in history, nor in the way of life, nor in culture, nor in the behavior of the aborigines. Among the countries exotic by the standards of travelers, the eastern Kingdom of Jordan about the features, secrets and riddles of which our site has prepared a detailed story for you.
Despite the fact that 90% of the territory of this Arab state is occupied by deserts and desert areas close to them in terms of relief and climate, Jordan is successfully developing and prospering, wisely using the remaining 10% of its possessions. Fashionable resorts The Gulf of Aqaba, framed by outlandish coral reefs, coexist with the most ancient monuments of architecture. Healing resorts on the banks Dead sea ready to compete with the level of service with the famous health resorts of the world. The heritage of the Greek, Roman, Byzantine and Turkish eras organically intertwined on the streets of Jordanian cities into a tart cocktail of historical monuments and cultural traditions. The flavor of the overall flavor was added by modern ingredients of the Western standard of living, harmoniously complementing the overall variegated picture.
Loud Words Good THERE does not like, but we are always on the side of fair assessments. Jordan is full of amazing places that you can and should get to know better, especially since the state is recognized as one of the safest territories among the precious necklaces of the Arab countries of the Middle East region.
general information
Population
Considering Jordan's neighborhood with such restless states as Israel, Palestine, Iraq and Egypt, the population in the country is constantly fluctuating in one direction or another due to refugees. At the moment, the official figure is - 6.2 million people... At the same time, the indigenous Jordanian Arabs make up approximately 1/3 of the population, 50-60% of the population gives statistics to the influx of immigrants from Palestine. Meetings in the vastness of Jordan with Adygs, Chechens, Armenians, Kurds and Turkomans are not uncommon; their total number is close to 10%.
Form of government
Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan - dualistic monarchy... The power of the monarch is able to restrain and establish the framework of its influence by the constitution of the state, which, however, does little to prevent the king from keeping his citizens in check. To help the monarch manage affairs in the country, the Council of Ministers is authorized, headed by the Prime Minister endowed with special privileges. Jordan is legally divided into 12 districts (governorates), each of which is governed by a governor appointed by the king himself.
Language
The official language of communication and office work in Jordan is Arab... Taking into account the mutual interest of the eastern kingdom and the western powers, in the educational institutions of the country, it is also compulsory to study English French has become an optional language recommended in schools and universities in recent years.
Religion
More than 95% of Jordanians profess the Islamic religion with a Sunni bias of the Shafi'i direction. About 6% of Christians constantly come to services in Orthodox churches; it is customary to conduct all religious rites here in Greek, although you can often hear Arabic, French, Italian and Spanish in an Orthodox cathedral. Jordanians and Jordanians are loyal to representatives of other religious confessions, preferring to pray in peace and not to enter into aggressive conflicts with other religions.
Currency
Until the middle of the 20th century, the monetary unit of Jordan was the Palestinian pound, now the country is ruled by the currency ball Jordanian dinar equal in face value to the smaller currency - 100 piastres. Information about the nominal value of each dinar is presented on coins and banknotes in 2 languages: Arabic and English, and they adorn the banknotes of the person of the royal dynasty. The Russians will have to pay about 93 rubles for 1 JOD, cheaper than Jordanian bills and American currency, 1 JOD can be exchanged for 1.4 USD. Good THERE strongly advises users who decide to visit Jordan to constantly check the floating exchange rates of the dollar and ruble using the services of an electronic convector.
Jordan dialing code
Treasured long-distance numbers phone code: +962
Among the phones important for foreign guests, it is worth highlighting:
- communication with the Russian Embassy in the kingdom - + (962 6) 464-11-58 or 464-25-32;
- Russian consulate - + (962 6) 568-25-09;
- single reference switch - 1212;
- police department - 191, 192;
- metropolitan tourist police - + (962 6) 530-14-65;
- ambulance - 193;
- call the fire department in Amman - + (962 6) 462-20-90;
- work with road accidents - 190.
Location of Jordan in the world
Going on a trip to the border regions with Jordan, travelers have a truly unique opportunity, see 4 states at once... Magic vision is mostly available at night. At the hour when evening lights are lit in the homes of Jordan, Israel, Egypt and Saudi Arabia, magical messages of light are reflected in the waters of the Red Sea near the border of Egypt and Israel. The picture is almost incredible, reflections of the illumination of all these 4 Arab representatives of the Middle East appear in the dark smooth surface of the water.
Hashemite Kingdom located in the Middle East, neighbors in the north with Syria, shares the northeastern borders with Iraq, the west falls on the border lines separating Jordan with Israel and Palestine. The east and south of Jordan are covered by the territory of Saudi Arabia. On the side of the Red Sea, opposite the Gulf of Aqaba, Egypt is located, here coastline with Jordan decorate the lights of Israel, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia, this is the very fabulous place about which it is good THERE told you earlier.
There are few water resources in Jordan, especially fresh water bodies. But the country can boast of 2 seas at once: Red and Dead... Both reservoirs invariably attract an army of tourists to this region - fans of diving on the shores of the Red Sea and minerals on the shores of the Dead Sea, slightly resembling jelly in appearance, the concentration of dissolved salts in its waters is so high. Key fresh artery of Jordan - Jordan river, with whose name the history of the baptism of Jesus Christ is associated.
Climate
The climate of an exotic eastern kingdom very sultry, especially in summer months... The air temperature is steadily kept at around + 45C in the shade, the beaches of Jordan are more and more populated by tourists in spring and autumn, when the heat loses ground a little and the thermometer drops to + 30 ... + 35C. The water in the Red Sea almost never falls below the temperature of + 20C, some travelers continue to indulge in beach pleasures all year round. You cannot beg for rain in the sky in summer, only from November to March the weather can become more favorable and shed long-awaited drops of life-giving moisture on the lands of Jordan.
In a state shrouded in secrets ancient history, there are many interesting sights, it is better to get acquainted with the delights of which in the cold seasons. The air temperature for this is the most, that neither is suitable - + 10 ... + 15C, for evening promenades it is better to grab warm uniforms, sometimes in regions close to the desert the thermometer unexpectedly drops to zero.
Cities and resorts of Jordan
In the capital of the Hashemite Kingdom, bearing the name Amman, intertwined into a single whole 2 completely different hypostases. Oriental scenery from the fairy tales of Scheherazade and a dynamic modern metropolis with bright touches of European civilization live peacefully side by side, not interfering with each other to amaze with contrasts of astonished tourists. The eastern districts of Amman love to fool travelers lost among the same streets with their houses, slightly similar to cardboard cake boxes, painted in even pastel colors. The hot climate dictates its own conditions to local residents: building materials and their shades should reflect the scorching rays of the sun as much as possible and be able to keep cool inside.
The western possessions of the Jordanian capital, like twin brothers, are similar to any European city with an abundance of modern buildings, catering establishments, entertainment centers and shops. Key attractions in Amman: the citadel on the Jebel al-Qalaa hill, the remains of the once picturesque Umayyad palace and park and the Temple of Hercules. Jordan is full of other outlandish places, so our site is of the opinion that it is not worth spending more than 1-2 days to explore Amman, this time is quite enough to get acquainted with the main city of the kingdom.
In Jordan it is worth paying close attention to a few more settlements, which cannot be called large objects. These cities and towns have filled a significant niche, especially for the tourism industry, which is the generous breadwinner for the entire Arab state:
Ajlun village
Gathers on its territory fans of ancient castles and charming landscapes of the Jordan Valley. The Ayyubid castle was built back in 1184 and has been well preserved to this day; the building is rightfully considered a unique standard of Arab-Muslim architectural creativity.
Ajloun village, Jordan
Jerash
A tourist route to the city of Jerash runs through the olive groves - the crown of popularity among Jordan's guests from all over the world, who came to admire its ancient rarities. Experts have long identified Jerash as an ideal example of an ancient Roman province.
Jerash, Jordan
Petra
The pink stone bins of Petra, the main city of the ancient Nabataean kingdom, managed to take the 1st line of the hit parade of Jordan's tourist attractions, become the scenery for one of the episodes of the saga about the adventures of Indiana Jones and add to the list of modern 7 wonders of the world. Our site believes that all comments are superfluous here.
Petra, Jordan
Aqaba
Fashionable beach resort Aqaba has not needed additional advertising for several years, all tours to this paradise on the shores of the Red Sea are sold out in advance. Luxury hotels, premium service, gentle sea that is never cool and mountains that give birth to a saving barrier for the summer heat.
Aqaba, Jordan
Karak
The fortress city of Karak is a legacy of the domination of the Ottoman Empire in Jordan, which left the remains of the Karak castle and imposing fortress walls for the edification of descendants, which became an alluring bait for legions of tourists from all countries.
El-Karak, Jordan
Gadara
Creative people consider the city of Gadara, a haven of poets and philosophers, to greet the representatives of the old bohemia. In the religious world, Gadara is famous as a place for the manifestation of the miraculous abilities of Jesus Christ, who cured a holy fool in front of a crowd.
Gadara, Jordan
Desert Wadi Rum
As if it had come off the screens of Hollywood blockbusters, which is not surprising, given the fact that it was among the ornate stone landscapes dotted with canyons, arches and other intricate structures that episodes of the films "The Martian", "Red Planet" and "Star Wars" were filmed.
Pella
The settlement of Pella, literally teeming with ancient architectural wonders, is also the place where the queen of ancient sciences - archeology - dominated. On the territory, the Roman theater Odeon, the remains of Byzantine temples, and traces of fortifications of the Iron and Bronze Age are clearly preserved.
Spa resorts
Spa resorts on the Jordanian coast The Dead Seas also do not need a separate presentation for a long time. The mineral composition of the reservoir is a miraculous natural healer for many ailments. The level of professionalism of local doctors is high, medical services are in demand.
The Arab Kingdom knows how to surprise and puzzle
That Jordan- an amazing country, no one will argue experienced traveler and yet our site has collected a small list of the wonders of the kingdom, which our users did not even know about before:
- the history of Jordan, according to various estimates, has more than 250 thousand years. Scientists have not yet come to a consensus on this issue, but for now, evidence of the sprouts of life in this territory has become the finds of archaeologists in the form of stone weapons of the Neanderthals, plaster sculptures of the Neolithic era, copper products of the Chalcolithic era and skillful handicrafts of the Bronze Age;
- once modern Jordan was part of the ancient Jewish state, until the early 1st century BC the enterprising Jewish people managed to build several respectable settlements and perfect livestock raising on small green pastures. This fact does not cause any doubts among scientists;
- later, the Nabataean civilization, the Hellenes, the Roman Empire, Byzantium, the Arab Caliphate and the Ottoman Empire managed to be noted in the desert expanses of Jordan, which became the beginning of the accession of the Middle Eastern state to the Islamic world;
- in the 20th century, Jordan, along with other Arab neighbors, came under the jurisdiction of Great Britain, the country's independence was officially enshrined in treaties between East and West in 1950;
- in 1952, the legendary Arab ruler, King Hussein, who ruled the country for 47 long years, ascended the royal throne, in this post he was replaced by the current monarch, Abdullah ΙΙ ibn Hussein;
- Queen of Jordan Rania Al-Abdullah was recognized as a woman of unearthly beauty on the world Olympus, she also entered the collection of world records as the youngest monarch who married a prince, being a bank employee;
- Jordanian men were incredibly lucky, official polygamy is enshrined in the kingdom, 6-12 kids in a family is a common practice;
- local residents are diligent in achieving goals and hardworking, they were able to grow an army of olive trees on tiny patches of fertile land near the desert plateaus, their number was 4 times the size of the population in the country;
- a snowfall in Jordan is a natural disaster, in the event of such an impudent revelry, the elements of the Jordanians are dismissed to their homes from work and from their place of study, otherwise you never know, because it is completely incomprehensible how one should behave with this snow;
- guests of the Arab kingdom should know that in Jordan it is considered bad manners to agree to sit at the table after 1 invitation and eat dishes with their left hand, tourists will not break tradition if they agree to share a meal with the hosts after the 3rd call;
- there is a hypothesis that the "heavenly booths" mentioned in the Bible were located on the territory of this eastern monarchy.
Scientists of the world consider a unique fact that the air over the territory of Jordan contains 8% more oxygen than in any other corner of the planet.
What types of recreation are better to choose in a colorful eastern kingdom
It is customary in the travel industry to position Jordan as a sound and safe destination for a wide range of desired travel preferences:
- like Egypt and Israel, the country has all the conditions for beach holiday on the coast of the Red Sea. Jordan is a tasty morsel for divers, 110 species of soft corals and 120 species of their hard counterparts in the marine family live in the waters of the Gulf of Aqaba, thousands marine life the bay is ready to show its beauty to curious diving enthusiasts;
- the country has long and firmly been associated with tourists with a visit to the legendary Nabatean stone treasury- the ancient city of Petra, for those who are vacationing nearby in Egypt or Israel, they organize special tours with a visit to the exotic capital, guests of Jordan have a wonderful opportunity to visit Petra at any moment convenient for them;
- wide range of excursion offers provided the Middle Eastern state with a solid place among the countries recommended for sightseeing holidays, however, our site advises users to combine the excursion program with other types of recreation;
- high level of medical and preventive service at the resorts of the Dead Sea has gained popularity among fans of medical recreation;
- Jordan has a rich cultural heritage, woven from the contributions of several significant ancient civilizations, in between beach activities in the country there are many amazing corners for meeting old secrets;
- an unforgettable experience for tourists who choose a trip to the Wadi Rum desert or to the Wadi Mujib National Park... Both tours can be safely attributed to extreme species rest, in the desert aerobatics will be flying on hot-air balloon over a territory of unearthly beauty, often compared to Mars, in the gorge, travelers will have to overcome water route formed by a frisky river and a rocky canyon.
Rest in Jordan offhand can be compared to trips to Israel and Egypt, only in the Arab kingdom everything seems to be flavored with hot spices, more exotic, more colorful, more unpredictable. Good THERE does not take responsibility, to give an unequivocal answer, where is the best and which Middle Eastern country to choose for recreation. Everywhere it is no worse and no better, the exact wording will be different: in Jordan everything is different, and it is better to evaluate the country after a personal visit.
What holidays will be interesting to meet with the Jordanians
Like other inhabitants of the Earth, the Jordanians have holidays on a planetary scale, such as:
- New Year;
- the Muslim holiday of Ramadan;
- Catholic Christmas;
- Orthodox Easter;
- Labor Day May 1
- Solemn events related to the internal structure of the state. Earlier in the kingdom it was a non-working day on January 30 - the birthday of King Abdullah and "Day of loyalty to King Hussein", recently these 2 holidays were canceled by an official decree of the monarch. But Independence Day 25 May in Jordan, it has the status of a national holiday and is always filled with a series of colorful events.
An unusual holiday is the tradition of Jordanians to celebrate January 15 Tree Day... The events are centered around the cult of the Palm tree and have a religious basis. For 3 whole days, local residents are busy planting new seedlings throughout Jordan; the royal couple will certainly participate in the general labor impulse. Palm tree worship is associated with the biblical story of the birth of Jesus. Tradition says that this event took place under a palm tree, the juicy leaves of which hid the Virgin Mary from the persistent rays of the sun. After planting tens of thousands of young plants, all seven gather around the table to praise nature in general and green spaces in particular.
An interesting fact is that the share of trees in the area of Jordan is only 1%, almost all representatives of the flora here are chosen according to the principle of little need for frequent water irrigation.
National cuisine of Jordan
The climatic conditions in the country dictate to residents what products can make their table hearty and healthy. In Jordan, lamb, poultry, vegetables of all kinds and rice are often cooked in combination with different ingredients.
- The most common dish in the eastern kingdom is deep-fried balls made from ground bean and seasoning mix.
- On holidays, housewives in every house try to prepare a dish called "Mansaf", which is pieces of lamb stewed in sour cream with rice.
- Like all Eastern peoples, Jordanians adore sweets, tart coffee, rennet cheeses and spicy herbs.
An ordeal for Aboriginal people becomes Muslim holiday Ramadan, the traditions of which prohibit quenching thirst and eating before dark. If tourists have a trip on the days of this religious holiday, they should respectfully treat someone else's faith and not provoke local residents savory destruction of food supplies in front of all honest people. After the sun goes down, life in settlements begins to beat with a "tasty" key, the Jordanians will gladly share a meal with a random guest, generously treating him to everything that Allah has sent them that day. The well-fed does not understand the hungry, but the hungry will always understand the colleague in loyalty to traditions.
In expensive fashionable restaurants in Amman and resort cities, tourists will be happy to prepare local delicacies:
- roast larks;
- baked fish in a salted crust;
- spiced pate from raw young lamb.
Work in Amman large chain supermarkets, in which you can find any products familiar to Europeans, these establishments are located in the western modern part of the Jordanian capital. Organic food products, elite delicacies are not cheap, and dine in a luxurious restaurant will cost a pretty penny. But in the eastern market in any settlement there is everything that your heart desires and at a more democratic cost. In Jordan, you can endlessly feast on fried nuts with spices; an impressive package of pistachios costs no more than 1 dinar. The markets offer a rich selection of high-quality dried fruits, ripe vegetables and southern fruits, and boggles with weighted spices and seasonings are amazing.
Tours to Jordan - the best choice for a comfortable stay
Evason Ma "In (Evason Mine) hotel, Jordan
Monitoring information about Jordan made it possible to do Well THERE some useful conclusions that we will now share with you. Light extreme gives adrenaline, independent travel are budgetary, but It is best to visit Jordan as part of an organized tourist tour ... It should be remembered that the eastern peoples have their own idea of the stars of hotels, the decoration of the rooms and their categories. By ordering through the booking systems of accommodation facilities Boutique Hotel 5 *, you can easily find yourself in a nice and cozy hostel with all the amenities in the corridor.
Practice has shown that resort hotels in Jordan verified by travel agencies are much more likely to meet international hotel standards. Organize an independent voyage better for those tourists who are fluent in English or Arabic and are well acquainted with the national mentality of the eastern kingdom. There are many desert areas in Jordan, among which you can easily get lost, and the travel package already includes all the necessary transfers.
How to get to a Middle Eastern country
For Russian citizens, a visa to Jordan is not required in advance; tourists receive an entry voucher upon arrival in the Arab kingdom. The best wayget to the shores of the Red Sea or to the capital of the state of Amman - use air services. The easiest way to see Petra and the Gulf of Aqaba with one eye is to purchase the Israel + Jordan combo tour or book a day trip to Jordan from Egypt or Israel.
Good THERE collected a small information block for those who decided to go to Jordan on their own and do not want to bind themselves to contractual obligations with tour operators:
- most cheap air ticket from Moscow to Amman without transfers will cost the traveler 25 thousand rubles, travel time is approximately 4 hours;
- a slightly cheaper flight St. Petersburg - Amman with a transfer at Domodedovo airport in Moscow, the cost of a ticket for 1 person is 20.6 thousand rubles, in air harbor Jordan "Queen Alia" airliner will get there in 8 and a half hours;
- 21.8 thousand rubles will cost ticket by plane on the route Kazan - Amman with 1 change at the same Moscow Domodedovo airport, flight time - 10 hours 40 minutes;
- a longer period will be needed by tourists traveling to Amman by plane from Yekaterinburg, the ticket price is 21.2 thousand rubles, the journey will take 16 hours 45 minutes, 1 change in Moscow is planned on the way;
- it will not be easy to get to Jordan from Vladivostok, a flight with 2 transfers will take more than a day, about 30 hours 20 minutes, connecting flights pass through the airports of Seoul and Abu Dhabi, the ticket price is about 23 thousand rubles. The fastest flight with 1 transfer and change of airports in Moscow will last 18 hours 35 minutes, the ticket price is pretty "bites" and is 90 thousand rubles.
Analysis of the results shows that the best way out for travelers is to book tours with an air flight to charter flights, then the total cost of the tourist package will no longer seem astronomical to tourists.
Subtleties of movement around the country
You can get around Jordan itself using public transport, by taxi or rented cars. Car rental in Jordan is not cheap, an elite car can cost a customer from 200 to 500 euros per day, a more economical option is to order organized excursion on a shared bus.
Present from Jordan, sweet to heart
Souvenirs for friends and loved ones brought from an Arab country are always distinguished by their color and originality, here is a list of popular souvenirs that you can buy in Jordan:
- Experienced ladies try to shop in Jordan natural fabrics;
- it is worth emphasizing the fact that Jordanian shoe makers are pretty good at their craft. Summer sandals for men and women, made with notes of national flavor, are worn for a long time, are comfortable and arouse keen interest in those around them with their unique charm;
- deserve a separate ode sweets, nuts and dried fruits that the Jordanians know how to pack beautifully and tastefully. Such a nice gift will remind you of the hot sun and exotic landscapes of Jordan for a long time, and will not disappoint the addressees with the taste;
- a tasty topic just right to continue with praises Jordanian herbs and spices, which any housewife wants to have in the kitchen arsenal.
Customs regulations strictly prohibit import and export from Jordan drugs, weapons and some religious books. With the current list and rules for the import and export of other items, it is better to get acquainted in detail on specialized resources before traveling to Jordan, laws and decrees sometimes change.
Organizational Conclusions and Helpful Guidance
- The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is the safest Middle Eastern state, you can come here on vacation without any fear;
- Jordanians know a lot about luxury vacation and know how to organize it;
- to rest in Jordan and not see the new wonder of the world Petra is an unfortunate mistake and an unforgivable omission;
- it is better to choose the type of rest in accordance with your preferences and physical capabilities, extreme excursions in Jordan are not tough for all tourists.
- Dead Sea resorts in the Arab kingdom can indeed have a beneficial effect on health;
- choosing an excursion to the Wadi Rum desert, do not be stingy and book a room in a hotel located in the heart of the desert, wake up in the morning in a luxurious establishment overlooking the "Martian Chronicles" - it is worth a lot in terms of unforgettable impressions;
- diving enthusiasts should definitely take a swim in the Gulf of Aqaba to discover a sunken underwater military equipment: an airplane, a tank and a ship, you will never see such finds in the underwater world;
- on your 1 day trip to Jordan, plan your time carefully so as not to miss out on the most interesting sights;
- on your last day of rest, don't forget to add some unique shots from the exotic Middle East to your vacation photo collection
Good THERE sincerely wishes all travelers of the planet not to be afraid to dream of the most daring trips, even if at first these dreams seem unattainable. Jordan waits for guests 12 months a year and is ready to give them hospitality and good nature.
Where is Jordan located on the world map. Detailed map Jordan in Russian online. Satellite map Jordan with cities and resorts. Jordan on the world map is a state in the Middle East, on the Arabian Peninsula with a very rich history. The capital of Jordan is Amman. The official language is Arabic, but English is also common in various fields of activity. There is practically no outlet to the sea and the ocean - only the southwestern part of the country is washed by the Red Sea.
Map of Jordan in Russian with detailed cities:
Jordan - Wikipedia:
Jordan population- 10 171 480 people (2018 y.)
Capital of Jordan- Amman
Largest cities Jordan- Irbid, Ez-Zarka
Jordan dialing code - 962
Internet domains Jordan- .jo
About 80% of the entire territory is a desert plateau, which stretches from west to east, passing into the Syrian desert. The most significant natural objects Jordan is the Jordan River and the Dead Sea with very high salinity.
In Jordan a Mediterranean climate prevails in the northwestern part of the country, and a tropical desert climate in the rest of the state. The coldest month is January, when the average air temperature is +12 ... + 14 C. The driest month is August. In summer, the air in Jordan warms up on average to +30 ... + 32 C, in desert regions the heat can reach +42 C.
Jordan- a very old state, the first settlements in which were in the 4th century BC. Moreover, it was on the territory of this country that many events described in the Bible took place, therefore, a large number of historical and architectural monuments have survived in Jordan today.
To see firsthand the most interesting places countries, you should go to cities like capital Amman where the Fortress Mountain, the old Nymphaeum fountain, the largest mosque of King Abdullah are located; the city of Ibrid with its museums; Um al Jimal with preserved monuments of civilization and others.
Main stream tourism in Jordan- medical and health improvement. There are several resort areas The Dead Sea, as well as the mineral springs Zarka Main, in which, according to legend, the king of Judah himself was still being treated.
What to see in Jordan:
Church of the Apostles, King Abdullah Mosque, Byzantine Basilica, Church of St. George, King Hussein Mosque, Temple of Hercules, National Archaeological Museum, Roman Amphitheater, Odeon Theater Nymphaeum Fountain, Aqaba Fortress, Jebel al-Qala'a Citadel, 7 Sleepers Cave youths ”, Desert Palaces, Wadi Rum Lunar Plain, Aqaba Diving Centers, Ancient Petra, Dead Sea, Jerash City, Mount Nebo, Main Hot Springs, Kan Zaman, Mujib Canyon.
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Before going on vacation to Jordan, many tourists are interested in where Jordan is located on the world map. This country is located in the Middle East, north of Saudi Arabia. Jordan square is 89342 sq. km., and the population of the country is about 6.5 million people, excluding the Syrian refugees. The capital of Jordan is Amman, which has a population of about 3 million.
Jordan has land borders with a length of 1,635 km and borders with countries such as Iraq (181 km of the border), Israel (238 km), Saudi Arabia (744 km), Syria (375 km). Another 97 km of the border falls on the West Bank of the Jordan River.
Jordan on the world map is located geographically in Southwest Asia, south of Syria, west of Iraq, northwest of Saudi Arabia and east of Israel. The country mainly consists of plateaus ranging in height from 700 to 1200 meters, separated by ridges, valleys and gorges, as well as several mountainous regions. There is a large geological fault in Jordan that extends south from the Jordan Valley through the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea.
Aqaba can be found on almost any map of Jordan, as it is the country's most popular resort on the Red Sea coast and the southernmost city in Jordan. Not far from Aqaba are Jordan's borders with countries such as Israel and Saudi Arabia.
Aqaba Map
JORDAN
(Ho Chi Minh Kingdom of Jordan)
Geographical position... In the north, Jordan borders with Syria, in the northeast with Iraq, in the east and south with Saudi Arabia, and in the west with Israel. The most fertile region of the country is the Jordan Valley. The West Bank, including Jerusalem, was annexed to Jordan in 1950, but occupied by Israel in 1967 as a result of the Six Day War. Plateau East coast cut through the gorges cut by the tributaries of the Jordan. Here are the main cities and attractions of Jordan. Further to the borders of Syria, Iraq and Saudi Arabia, almost 80% of the territory is occupied by deserts and semi-deserts with rare oases. Jordan is the only Arab country that has no maritime borders, with the exception of a few kilometers leading to the Gulf of Aqaba of the Red Sea, where the only one sea port countries - Aqaba. Square. The territory of Jordan occupies 98 000 sq. km.
Main cities, administrative divisions. The capital of Jordan is Amman. The largest cities: Amman (1,000,000 people), Az-Zarka (500,000 people), Irbid (320,000 people), Al-Aqaba (60,000 people).
Administrative divisions of the country: 8 provinces (governorates).
The head of state is the king. The legislature is a bicameral parliament.
Relief. In terms of relief, the country is a plateau, rising from east to west and cut by a deep tectonic depression Gkhor and its continuation - Wadi al-Araba. In this depression flows the Jordan and lies the Dead Sea, the most deep depression on the ground. The lowest part of the bottom of the Dead Sea is 793 m below sea level, and there are 7.5 times more salts in it than in ordinary sea water. The depression is bordered by limestone and sandstone mountains, lava fields. Most high mountains: Ram (1,754 m) and Bakir (1,592 m) in the southwest. To the north of Jordan stretches from Syria mountain range El Druz.
Geological structure and minerals. The bowels of the country contain reserves of phosphorites and potash.
Climate. The climate in Jordan is subtropical and dry. Summer is dry, it rains from October to May. In the west, the average January temperature is + 8 ° С (in the Jordan Valley + 14 ° С), the average July temperature is + 24 ° С (in the Jordan Valley + 30 ° С). In the east, temperature differences are greater. The largest number precipitation (600-650 mm per year) falls in the northwest in the area of Es Salta and Ajlun. In the east, about 100 mm, in the south 55 mm in the Ma'an region and even 24 mm per year in the Al-Jafra region.
Inland waters. Jordan River, Dead Sea.
Soils and vegetation. In deserts and semi-deserts, the grass cover appears only during the winter rainy season. Orchards and olive groves grow in the oases, and bushes in the north-west of the country. Wheat, barley, corn, various fruits and vegetables are grown from agricultural crops.
Animal world. The fauna of Jordan is not much richer than the flora. Among the predators are jackals, wolves, striped hyenas, steppe lynxes, desert foxes; from other animals - wild boars, gazelles, oryxes (rescued from extinction in nature reserve Shaumari), African jerboas, badgers. There are many reptiles. Nomads breed camels, goats, sheep, donkeys. There are few bird species, but during migration, Azraq Nature Reserve becomes a resting place for many migratory birds. There are many species of tropical fish in the Gulf of Aqaba.
Population and language
More than 4 million people live in Jordan, mostly Arabs, of whom more than a million (according to one estimate) and almost two thirds of the population (according to other estimates) are Palestinians from the territories occupied by Israel. State language - Arabic; colloquial - the Syrian dialect of Arabic among the sedentary population, and Arabian among the nomads. British Mandate rule makes English a second language and is taught in public and private schools. Most of Jordanians live in the capital Amman and small towns and villages. Due to the high birth rate, more than 50% of the population are children under 15 years of age. The population of Jordan is divided into two large groups - the sedentary population and the nomads, the third small group is made up of semi-nomads.
Religion
82% of Jordanians are Sunni Muslims. Arabs-Christians and nomad-Christians, who consider themselves the descendants of the Crusaders, about 80 thousand Circassians and 10 thousand Chechens also live in Jordan. Among the national minorities are Greeks, Armenians, Kurds, Turkmens and others. Christians live mainly in Amman, Kerak, Madaba and Es-Salta. Most Christians belong to the Greek Orthodox Church.
A brief historical outline
Traces of human activity during the Mesolithic (the transition period from the ancient Stone Age, Paleolithic, to the New Stone Age, Neolithic, for the Near East it is 9-12 thousand years ago) were found near the ancient city of Petra and on the West Bank of the Jordan River. In the VI-V millennia BC. NS. tribes of the Canaanites (Amorites) lived on the territory of Jordan, but the first historical evidence of them dates back to the II-I millennia BC. e., when in the eastern part of Jordan appeared early slave princedoms of the Ammonites and Moabites with capitals in Rabat-Ammon (Amman) and Kir-Haresht (Kerak). Then Jordan was conquered by the Hittites, Philistines, Assyrians, it was part of the New Valonian kingdom and Achaemenid Iran, and in the 1st millennium BC. NS. part of the country was part of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. In 332 BC. NS. Jordan was part of the state of Alexander the Great, and after the death of Alexander, into the empire of the Ptolemies.
Around the 2nd century. BC NS. to the south of the Dead Sea, the nomadic Arab tribe of the Nabateans appeared. Taking advantage of the enmity between the Ptolemies and Seleucids, they settled in eastern Jordan, assimilated with the Moabites and Ammonites, and created the Nabataean kingdom with its capital at Petra around 169 BC. NS. The Nabataean kingdom controlled part of the trade route from the Red Sea. The Nabataean kingdom flourished, even formally joining the Roman Empire. In 106 A.D. NS. the Roman emperor Trajan captured Petra, abolished the Nabataean kingdom and transformed it into a Roman province. As for northern Jordan, since the 70s. e., after the burning of Jerusalem by Roman troops, in the new Roman province called Palestine (after the Philistines), a community of trading cities (Decapolis) arose, which included Jerasa, or Gerasa (Jerash), Philadelphia (Amman), and others.
In 1250, the Ayyubid dynasty was overthrown by its own brainchild - an army made of specially selected slaves, perfectly trained and equipped at the expense of the Sultan - the Mamluks. The Mamluks, who conquered the territory of modern Jordan, managed to stop the Mongols who ruined Baghdad and the Abbasid Caliphate in 1258, Damascus and Aleppo in 1260. The Mamluks not only retained power, but by 1291 they finally expelled the crusaders and captured all their fortresses. Since the beginning of the XVI century. The Mamluks, who by that time still retained their political influence, gradually ceded power to a new force, and until 1918 Jordan was part of the Ottoman Empire, which collapsed as a result of Turkey's defeat in the First World War.
After World War I, the League of Nations handed over the mandate to govern Transjordan, as the country was then called, to Britain. Emir Abdallah from the Hashemite dynasty became the head of the Emirate of Transjordan. The independence that Jordan achieved in 1946 was formal. British troops remained in the country. In April 1950, the West Bank of the Jordan River was annexed to Transjordan, and the country became known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Under the influence of the national liberation movement, parliamentary elections were held in the fall of 1956, in which the national front won, and then a national government was formed. At the end of 1956, Jordan canceled the onerous treaty with Britain. Diplomatic relations with the USSR were established in 1963.
In 1964, with the participation of Egyptian President Nasser, the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was created, one of the groups of which was led by the young Yasser Arafat. PLO guerrilla bases also appeared in Jordan. In May 1967, Jordan, Iraq and Syria pulled troops to Israel's borders, and on June 5, Israel launched a pre-emptive strike against Egyptian airfields in the Sinai, destroying Egyptian aircraft on the ground. Israeli Prime Minister Levi Eshkol called on King Hussein not to involve Jordan in hostilities. When it became clear that Jordan would not stop bombing Israel, the Israelis took East Jerusalem by June 7, and on June 9, all sides in the war agreed to a ceasefire. Israel withdrew from the Six Day War by conquering Egypt Sinai peninsula and the Gaza Strip, at Syria's Golan Heights, and at Jordan, the West Bank. After the 1967 war, most of the Palestinian refugees ended up in Jordan. Friction broke out between the government and the PLO, which set up bases in Jordan to attack Israel. In response to one of the raids, the Israeli army attacked the Jordanian city of Karameh.
In 1970, King Hussein's patience ran out. Serious armed clashes broke out between Palestinian guerrillas who fought against Israel from Jordanian territory and government forces. As a result of the military operations carried out by the Jordanian army in September 1970, the bases of the Palestinian guerrillas in Jordan were dismantled. September 1970 Palestinians call "Black September". In October 1974, 20 Arab countries announced that the PLO, and not Jordan, was the only legitimate representative of the Palestinians, and under their pressure, King Hussein had to accept this statement, which was offensive to Jordan. In the summer of 1988, King Hussein stopped making claims to the West Bank. In 1990-1991, after the Gulf War, Jordan's economy suffered a severe blow. First, Iraq accounted for a quarter of Jordan's exports, and in August 1990 the United Nations imposed a trade embargo on Iraq. Second, many Jordanians and Palestinians worked in the Gulf countries before the war, and by early 1992 they had all returned back to Jordan.
In 1992, King Hussein passed a law allowing political parties that were banned in 1957. The first multiparty elections since 1954 were held in November 1993, and in 1995 the first woman was elected to parliament. In October 1994, a peace treaty was signed between Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and King Hussein of Jordan, which greatly increased the prestige of Jordan in the eyes of the entire non-Arab world. Palestine is now fighting for the withdrawal of Israeli troops and settlers from the West Bank. So far, an agreement has been signed between Palestinian President Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, according to which Israeli troops liberated 80% of the West Bank city of Hebron on January 17, 1997 and handed over patrols to the Palestinian police.
Brief economic outline
Jordan is an agricultural country. Fruit, grapes, olives are cultivated. Livestock raising. The main industries are controlled by the state. Extraction and processing of phosphates. Paper, textile, steel rolling mills. Export: mineral fertilizers, phosphates, detergents, vegetables and fruits, pharmaceutical and other industrial products.
The monetary unit is the Jordanian dinar.
A brief outline of culture
Art and architecture. Amman. The Roman Amphitheater (built under Anthony Pius (138-161 AD) and accommodated up to 6,000 spectators); Folklore Museum; Museum folk traditions; the ruins of the fortress and the temple of Hercules (built by the Jewish king Herod in the 30s of the 1st century BC); Archaeological Museum; al-Husseini Mosque (1924); King Abadallah Mosque; Abu Darwish Mosque; Jordanian National Gallery; War Museum.
Jordan ( Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan) Is an Arab state, whose name comes from the name of the Jordan River. Occupies an area of 92,300 sq. m.
About 90% of the entire territory is occupied by deserts and semi-deserts, and the remaining 10% are suitable for a comfortable life for people.
Jordan is surrounded on all sides by predominantly land area, and nature is not diverse.
Where is?
The coordinates of the state on the map are as follows: 31 ° 0 '0 ″ north latitude and 36 ° 0 ’0 ″ east longitude. Jordan belongs to the region "Near East"... Located in Asia (in the southwestern part).
From the north the state borders on Syria, from the north-east- with Iraq, from east and south- with Saudi Arabia, from the western- with . From the south side the territory is washed by the Red Sea.
Watch a video about the detailed location of Jordan on the world map:
Natural resources
A huge part of the country's territory is occupied by desert plains. There are mountains ( Avarim, Nebo) and hills. It was on Mount Nebo that Moses saw the promised land, and here he is buried.
On the territory of the country there is a sparse vegetation and fauna corresponding to the desert area.
There are forests consisting of:
- Cedar;
- Pines;
- Eucalyptus;
- Oak;
- Olive trees.
The fauna is represented by camels, oryxes, gazelles, lynxes, jackals, hyenas, wolves, foxes, rabbits, and rats.
Jordan has two seas: Red and Dead. Water resources almost not observed.
There are rivers Ez-zarka, Ermuk and the river Jordan, which separates the territories of Jordan and Israel, the Gulfs of Aqaba (First North).
According to ancient tradition, it was on the Jordan River that John the Baptist baptized Jesus. Now this Sacred Land is a favorite place for pilgrims.
Here in the Jordan River everyone can be baptized.
Climate
Two types of climate prevail on the territory of the country: subtropical and tropical... Average air temperatures are 11-17 degrees during the day and 2-4 at night.
– the hottest month At this time, the air temperature can reach 32 degrees. In desert areas, the thermometer can reach up to 42 degrees Celsius. Average annual precipitation is from 25 to 200 mm.
How to get there from Russia?
To get from Russia to Jordan, the easiest way is to fly with a Jordanian company "Royal Jordanian"... Other airline options offer connecting flights only.
Another option flight - to Israel or the resort of Sharm el-Sheikh in one of the many flights. And from there you can already get by bus or ferry to Jordan.
To quickly book a plane ticket, use this search form. Enter information about cities of departure and arrival, date, number of passengers.
Information about the state
The country's history is dominated by big influence third-party states, and the territory of the country is subdivided into mufahaz and districts.
History
According to preliminary data, the first representatives of "Homo Sapiens" appeared on the territory of modern Jordan. 250 thousand years ago... And the proto-city appeared here at about the end of the 4th millennium BC.
The territory of Jordan has repeatedly come under the rule of various peoples who have contributed to the development of the area.
Among them are such peoples:
- Egyptians;
- Jews;
- Ammonites;
- Moabites;
- Edomites;
- Romans.
Thus, under the rule of the Roman Empire, there is an intensive growth of cities and trade, and the construction of roads is developing. In the Middle Ages, the territory of Jordan comes under the influence Arab Caliphate... During this period, there was an active spread of Islam among the population. Jordan continues to fall under the influence of various countries and peoples.
Under British auspices, the territory receives the name Emirate Transjordan... The independence of Transjordan was proclaimed only on May 25, 1946. On April 25, 1949, the state began to be called the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, as it is called to this day.
As a result, there are clashes with the terrorist organization for the liberation of Palestine. On September 27, 1970, an armistice was declared between the warring parties.
Administrative division
The territory of the state is divided into twelve governorates, which, in turn, consist of fifty-two districts. The heads of governorates are called governors.
Capital of Jordan - Amman... This is one of largest cities Jordan. It is an industrial center. Amman is located on the banks of the Ez-Zarka River. This is the oldest city, to which pilgrimages are made to this day.
Old names - Rabbat Ammon, Philadelphia... In the 13th century BC. NS. Rabbat Ammon was the capital of the Ammon state. Then the city fell under the influence of the Assyrians, Persians, Greeks, Nabateans, Romans and others. The Egyptian ruler Ptolemy II renamed Rabbat Ammon to Philadelphia. In 326, Christianity reigned in the city. Subsequently, Philadelphia became Amman.
Jordan is a dualistic monarchy. This means that the king's power is limited by the Constitution of 01/08/12.
Economy
Jordan is famous for its very poor natural resources... There is shortage of water, oil and coal... The country is importing energy resources. There are a lot of phosphates here, which are exported. Jordan is one of the largest producers of olive oil.
GDP per capita- $ 12,490. In the economic situation in Jordan as a whole, there is a budget deficit, poverty, unemployment, inflation. The country is dependent on international support.
Population and language
Population is 6,472,000 people... Arabs make up the majority, other nationalities are represented in smaller numbers: Circassians, Chechens, Armenians, Kurds, etc.
The official state language is Arabic. Unofficial, but also widely spoken - English and French.
Culture and religion
Most of the people profess Islam(most of them are Sunni), about 5% are christians(most of them are Orthodoxy). There is Ismailis, Baha'is.
The culture of Jordan is influenced by religious characteristics. Women wear clothes that are closed from head to toe. It is considered indecent to inquire about the affairs of the owner's wife.
Although Jordan is an eastern state, according to legend, it was here that a large number of biblical stories.
The inhabitants of the country are complacent and benevolent, and also hospitable. Greetings from Jordanians are accompanied by handshakes. All gestures are made with the right hand only, since the left hand is considered unclean.
Detailed map of Jordan with cities in Russian
Major cities in the state are considered:
- Irbid- the administrative center of the governorate of the same name. The city accommodates 327,543 people. It is the industrial, scientific and cultural center of Jordan. Here is the largest higher educational institution the entire Middle East - Yarmouk University.
Ez-Zarqa- the administrative center of the mufakhaz Ez-zark. The population is about 500 thousand people. Translated from Arabic, the name of the city sounds like "blue". The city was founded in 1902 by the Chechens.
Ez-zarka - large industrial center where almost half of the country's enterprises are concentrated. Among the famous attractions here is the Kasr Shabib Castle and the largest nature reserve in the country.
Petra- the oldest city, one of the wonders of the world. It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site. Located in the Siq canyon. The name of the city is translated from Greek as "stone". Indeed, the city is built of stone. Previously, Petra was the capital of Idumea and the Nabataean kingdom.
The river Wadi Musa ("the river of Moses") flows on the territory of the city. According to legend, it was here that Moses got water from the rocks.
Here is one of the majestic buildings - temple-mausoleum of Al-Khazne... Another attraction of the area - carved into the rock monastery "Ed-Deir"... Famous films were shot in this city, including "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade".
The main resorts on the Red Sea are:
- Tala Bey Is one of the most popular resorts in the Red Sea. Everyone here will find exactly what he needs. Architecture lovers can admire medieval art here intertwined with modern design. Outdoor enthusiasts can do aquatic species sports.
Aqaba Is one of the resorts located on the northeastern coast of the Red Sea. The climate of the area is favorable for recreation, since the entire territory of the resort is surrounded by mountains.
There are many attractions of its own. Among them - house of Hussein bin Ali... Various underwater world attracts drivers here. Fishing, water skiing and sailing are also practiced on the waters of the Aqaba coast.
- To visit the country you need international medical insurance;
- Photograph local people are allowed only with their consent;
- Women not allowed to wear open clothing in public;
- It is considered polite if the guest refused food three times before he sat down at the table.
