Asia is the largest part of the world. More than half of the world's population lives here.
In order to better understand the peculiarities of tourism development in this largest part of the world, the following regions should be distinguished: Southwest Asia (Near and Middle East), South Asia, Southeast Asia, Central and East Asia.
Asia is attracting an increasing number of tourists due to the following factors:
- a huge territory, extremely capacious for receiving tourists (Asia is the largest part of the world);
- washing the shores of Asia by three oceans and dozens of their seas and bays;
- the location of this part of the world in all climatic regions, a significant diversity and richness of natural landscapes and recreational resources;
- the presence of a huge number of historical and cultural monuments, as well as natural attractions;
- finding the world's most important shrines and centers of pilgrimage in Asia;
- ethnic diversity of the continent;
- the location in Asia of the states with the highest population in the world: China, India;
- the rapid pace of economic development of a number of states: Singapore, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, China, etc.
Along with these favorable conditions, there are a number of negative factors that hinder the development of tourism in Asia. First of all, it should be noted:
- unfavorable natural conditions for tourism in the vast territories of a number of countries (deserts, highlands with difficult terrain, jungle, etc.);
- poor development of transport infrastructure in a number of countries;
- the dominance of ideological interests over economic interests in a number of countries, as a consequence of this, the economic backwardness of these countries, their unpreparedness to receive tourists, lack of service (DPRK, Mongolia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Iran, Iraq);
lack of internal political and economic stability in a number of Asian countries (Afghanistan, Lebanon, Iran, Iraq).
The main purpose of visiting Asia by tourists from other parts of the world is to get acquainted with the culture, historical and natural sights. Business travel and congress tourism are most typical for Japan, South Korea, Singapore, China. Israel is visited for the purpose of treatment and worship of religious values.
External tourism relations in Asia are carried out mainly
aviation. Most flights are operated by international planes.
airlines, a smaller part - by companies owned
countries of Asia.
Due to the wide range of climatic conditions, there is no specific season of arrival in Asia, but it can be traced in individual regions.
The main tourist market for Asia is the countries of Europe (of which the former metropolises of Great Britain and France, as well as Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, the Scandinavian states, stand out), the USA and Canada. The largest tourist flows from Africa are from the Maghreb countries to Mecca and Medina, and from East Africa to India, Pakistan and Iran. There are relatively large flows of tourists from Australia and New Zealand, especially to Southeast and South Asia. Japan stands out from the Asian countries in the intra-Asian flows.
Flows from Asia to other parts of the world are comparatively small, and the Asian tourism market does not yet match its huge population. Today, the Japanese and residents of several countries of South-West Asia travel beyond this part of the world more than others.
Southwest Asia
This region covers a huge and extremely heterogeneous geographically, historically and socio-economically territory. This includes 16 states: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Qatar, Cyprus, Kuwait, Lebanon, United United Arab Emirates, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey. It should be noted that the conventional concept of "Near and Middle East" is somewhat broader than "South-West Asia", since it covers the territory of the states of South-West Asia, as well as Egypt and Sudan. The favorable geographical position of some states and regions is combined with the remoteness and isolation of others; favorable climatic and landscape conditions for tourism and resort business, as well as a variety of recreational resources in some countries - with desert, arid (in most of the Arabian Peninsula) in others. There are also serious political differences: in a number of states in the region, monarchies (including absolute ones) with strong remnants of feudal and tribal relations have survived, but the republican form of government still prevails.
In general, South-West Asia can be considered one of the most promising regions for the development of tourism. Wide access to many seas and bays of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, as well as to the Caspian Sea, geographical position at the junction of three parts of the world, various relief and climatic conditions, big number sunny days, unique natural attractions, numerous historical, cultural and religious monuments, the presence of a developed tourist infrastructure in a number of states (Cyprus, Turkey, Israel) - all these and many other factors contribute to the widespread attraction of guests from other parts of the world, as well as the development of tourist exchange within the region ...
It's no secret that beach holidays in Asian countries are considered the best - the tourism industry has ennobled almost all "wild" and remote settlements and fishing villages, and prices are much lower here than in Europe or the Caribbean. We've compiled a list of the best resorts in Asia for you.
One of the most popular resorts among Russians in Taya is Phuket Island. it southern province countries and the most big Island on its territory (its area is almost equal to the area of Singapore).
Things to do
Phuket is suitable for both a beach holiday and an active pastime: there are excellent beaches, comfortable hotels, clubs, bars, discos, picturesque natural corners - waterfalls, bays, gardens and a lot of historical sights.
The Karon Beach area is a favorite place for party-goers from all over the world, with a developed entertainment infrastructure. Kamala beaches are a calm and secluded place, ideal for family vacation... The sea in Phuket is calm enough big waves a rarity here.
How to get there
Direct charter flight... Planes fly to Phuket from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Irkutsk, Vladivostok and other cities. You can independently get to the island from the capital of Thailand - Bangkok.
Boracay, Philippines
Part of the coast of Boracay called White Beach, according to the ratings of world researchers, is in the top 10 best beaches the world. Another undoubted plus of this place is the almost zero crime rate.
Things to do
Here you can stay in a hotel remote from the coast or rent a bungalow right on the coast. The infrastructure includes cafes, bars, restaurants, disco clubs and souvenir shops. Divers are happy to go to Boracay - there are more than 10 diving centers on the island.
Windsurfers and kitesurfers also love to visit these places - they are attracted by the smooth wind, especially at Bulabog Beach. Respectable businessmen can relax in a massage parlor or spa, or play golf.
Attractions include the underwater Dead Forest, an exhibition of shells in the local museum and mysterious bat caves.
How to get there
Boracay does not have its own airport and to get here, you need to use a rather difficult route. One of the options is a flight from Moscow, Vladivostok or Yakutsk to Panay with a transfer in the Philippine capital Manila. Ferries and boats run from Panay Island, neighboring Boracay. Please note that sea transport does not function at night.
Hainan, China
The tropical island of Hanan is located in the south of China. This is not only a great resort place, but also a large Cultural Center- all year round various celebrations and festivals are held here. The island has a well-developed entertainment infrastructure - there are many nightclubs, discos and bars. There is even a special club for Russians. In addition, the famous Chinese Medicine Center is located here.
Things to do
The island offers many attractions to tourists - the End of the World Park, Monkey Island, Butterfly Gorge, Buddhist Center, Ma'an Volcano, safari-zoo with free roaming animals.
The local Oceanarium deserves special mention, where you can feed crocodiles, see sea turtles-long-livers, admire a collection of exotic birds from all over the country and even ride an ostrich.
Dadonghai Beach is one of the most popular resorts on the island. There are restaurants, shops, cafes, a grocery market. A wide range of hotels to suit all tastes, from hostels to five-star. Almost everywhere - Russian-speaking staff.
Yalongwan locals call "yaochi" - "earthly paradise". There is a diving center and a casino. Catering points, clubs and shops are located mainly on the territory of hotels.
How to get there
Direct flight from Moscow to the city of Sanya. The flight time is approximately 10 hours.
Langkawi, Malaysia
Langkawi - main island on the archipelago of the same name. There are 99 islands in total, 4 of which are inhabited.
Things to do
For active rest excursions to caves, waterfalls, lakes and mountain ranges, trips to heavenly bridges and a cable car are suitable. The resort's infrastructure includes restaurants, cafes, bars, spas and duty-free points. Both diving and snorkeling (swimming under the surface of the water) are widespread here. You can go fishing or go on a boat trip.
The beaches of the island are recognized as medicinal - the seawater and the purest white sand contain a high percentage of minerals that have a beneficial effect on joints, bones and respiratory organs. The disadvantage of this resort is quite strong ebb and flow.
How to get there
Transit flight from Moscow to Langkawi with a transfer in Kuala Lumpur, Doha, Bangkok or Dubai. The flight will be at least 15 hours. Next - by ferry.
Phu Quoc, Vietnam
Phu Quoc is the ecological center of Vietnam. Most of the island is a virgin thicket of wild forests that are part of the national reserve.
Things to do
The largest diving school in the country, low prices equipment rental and magnificent seascapes attract huge flows of deep-sea diving enthusiasts here. The infrastructure is not very developed, but there are cafes and volleyball courts on the beaches.
From entertainment, a visit to a black pepper farm, a trip to a museum and a pearl plantation and squid fishing are available.
How to get there
Direct flight "Moscow-Ho Chi Minh" to Bangkok, Nha Trang and Hanoi. Then take a domestic flight to Fukuoka. A flight with a docking will take 20 hours or more.
Bali, Indonesia
The most popular resorts are located in the southern part of the island. The most favorite vacation spot for Russians is the resort of Kuta.
Things to do
Kuta - developed tourist area... There are many different-sized hotels here, large shopping centers, spas, restaurants, clubs and cafes. The resort is located close to Ngurah Airport. A well-groomed and clean (albeit crowded) beach with a gentle sandy bottom, without sharp corals and dangerous rocks, is perfect for surfers. The sea also favors fans of boarding - there is constant wind and strong waves.
Of the minuses - the almost complete lack of attractions. You can visit the water park, the seashell museum or the local theater with exotic performances.
it perfect place for rest and relaxation: people come here for the benefits of Ayurvedic medicine, bathing in healing springs with mineral water and local massage. However, beach holidays and the entertainment industry are also on a level here. Saturated and multicultural excursion program: from Jewish synagogues to Dutch churches.
How to get there
There are no direct flights to Kerala from Russia. The most common scheme is by an international airline to any major Indian city, then transferring on a domestic flight to one of Kerala's airports - most often to Trivandrum. The flight from the Russian capital will take at least 8 hours.
Vacation is what a wonderful word! Every working person is waiting for him with great impatience, plans in advance how to spend it in order not only to have a good rest, but also to gain strength before the next one. There are many vacation options available. Whichever you choose, be sure to leave for travel. Only in this way you will really have a good rest, gain strength and new impressions. In addition, meeting new interesting people can move you towards global changes in your life.
If you want to travel abroad and are faced with the question of choosing a place to stay, choose a vacation in Asia. This is a large number of places with their own flavor and culture.
Asia is the land of smiles
Located on the mainland Eurasia. The largest part of the world in terms of area and population, four times the area of Europe. It is here that all the most ancient civilizations and all world religions originated. Asia includes 53 states. Natural features and geographic conditions contributed to the fact that the indigenous people are distinguished by hard work and patience.
The geographic features are very diverse. On the territory of Asia there are mountains: Tien Shan, Himalayas, Caucasus. The endless steppes of Mongolia, the jungles of India and Vietnam, the taiga in Siberia, there are also volcanic places. Asia, like no other country in the world, is subject to the effects of monsoon winds. Therefore, the level of humidity here constantly fluctuates: either a huge amount of precipitation, or a drought. Asia is washed by three oceans: the Arctic, Pacific and Indian. The border between it and Europe runs along the foot of the Ural Mountains.
But the most amazing thing is that people live here who love to smile and generously give their joy to visiting tourists.
Interesting facts about Asia
- The remains of ancient civilizations are found on the territory of Asia.
- Its area is larger than the area of the moon.
- Asia is divided into 5 parts: Central, East, North, Southwest, Southeast Asia.
- Here the most diverse climate: from equatorial to arctic.
- More than half of the world's population lives in Asia.
- The earliest human remains were found here.
- In one of the Asian countries - India, the population is the same as in Central, North and South America taken together.
- Here are the most high mountains.
- The largest country in Asia is China.
10 reasons to take a vacation in Asia
- Acquaintance with unique architectural monuments.
- The most are located right here.
- Good snorkeling opportunity.
- If you decide to spend your vacation in Asia, you can get to know the places where the most famous religions appeared: Buddhism, Christianity, Islam.
- Taste unusual Asian cuisine.
- Purchase high-performance cosmetic and medical products at relatively inexpensive prices.
- Many Asian countries do not need a visa for holidays.
- Buy a variety of souvenirs that you won't find elsewhere in the world.
- Get to know exotic nature.
- Visit the largest shopping centers and purchase goods at affordable prices.
Countries of Asia for holidays
Among the huge number of countries in this part of the world, there are some that are definitely worth visiting:
- China. The oldest civilization, full of mysteries and secrets. Great Chinese Wall, Imperial palace, Temple of the Jade Buddha, Temple of Confucius and many other ancient sights. China is one of the three most popular countries chosen by tourists who plan their tours to Asia. Many people come here not only to get acquainted with the ancient history and traditions, but also to receive medical care. Modern medical advances and the knowledge of ancient healers, combined together, have a powerful effect in the treatment of many diseases.
- Japan. Coming here, you can experience the rich Japanese culture. How did the geisha train and who are the samurai? History of the country, its traditions, architectural monuments and an eventful vacation will make your stay in Japan unforgettable. If you don't like the heat, then come here in autumn. Light coolness and low rainfall will allow you to comfortably walk around the Land of the Rising Sun and admire its sights. In addition, do not forget to try the real Japanese cuisine: sushi, yakitori and, of course, the national drink of the Japanese - sake.
- Vietnam. Here you can eat deliciously and inexpensively. You can purchase products of well-known world brands at manufacturer prices, since their factories and plants have been built in Vietnam.
- India. Many of us get to know this country in our early youth, when watching Indian melodramas. Judging by the films, all expressions of emotion are conveyed here through dance. The prices are pleasantly surprising. Food, souvenirs, equipment rental are much cheaper here than in Russia. One of the most popular holiday destinations in India is Goa. This territory, judging by the preserved drawings on the rocks, was inhabited about 30 thousand years ago. A large number of ancient temples, diving centers for scuba diving, the sea in Asia, beautiful architectural monuments will make your vacation unforgettable. Do not jump to conclusions if you see men in India holding hands, there is only a highly developed male friendship and there is nothing reprehensible in this.
Popular resorts in Asia
- Bali island in Indonesia. The best vacation in Asia for parents with children and honeymooners. Swimming with dolphins, windsurfing and a variety of slides at the water parks are just a few of the activities here.
- India, Goa. Just in order to find out what kind of air of freedom it is, you should choose this place for rest.
- Sri Lanka. Here you can not only have a good rest, but also buy Ceylon tea, popular in the Soviet Union. Travelers from all over the world are impressed by coral clusters and tea plantations.
- Maldives. Are you depressed, are you frustrated with life? Come here urgently. A minimum of things with you, even shoes are not needed here. Walking along the coast, aromatic treatments and much more will bring back the peace and enjoyment of life you have lost.
- This resort has been compared to the popular Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro, where life is an eternal carnival.
- Dead Sea in Israel. One of the saltiest bodies of water in the world. If a fish accidentally enters this sea, it immediately perishes from a high concentration of salt.
- Fujiyama in Japan. The height of this volcano is 3776 meters. Last time erupted in 1707. To date, the activity is poorly expressed.
- The great Wall of China. It runs through the whole of North China, its length is about 9000 thousand meters.
- Taj Mahal in India. It is under the protection of UNESCO and is one of the monuments admired all over the world. It is visited daily by tens of thousands of tourists who choose Asian countries for recreation.
- Raja Ampat Islands in Indonesia. Most beautiful islands for snorkeling. A large number of different fish and corals.
- Temple complex in Cambodia. Its area is about 400 square kilometers. The complex includes about 2,000 temples and buildings, which from a height are very similar to the starry sky.
- Borneo island. Here are the largest caves in the world and a tree grows, which bears the unusual name "walking". Its roots grow from the middle of the trunk and are able to move underground in search of water. Due to the unusual type of algae that grows near the shore, you can see the "red" tide.
- Temple of Wat Pho in Bangkok, Thailand. This is where Thai massage came into being. The library, which contains the most ancient manuscripts, will arouse the interest of tourists.
- Nha Trang, Vietnam. The longest cable car is located here. Its length is about 4,000 thousand meters.
- in Malaysia. At the same time, it can accommodate about 15,000 thousand people. When the sun penetrates through the windows of the mosque, the room turns blue.
The most exotic countries in Asia
- Malaysia. It's always summer here. You will be able to see the rarest plants and animals that are not found in any other country in the world. Ancient temples, places of worship, exotic nature, a huge number of unusual sights. What are some names: Temple of Serpents, Bird Park, Orchid Garden, Butterfly Park and many others.
- Indonesia. This country includes five large islands, including Bali, a favorite of many tourists. One of the islands is shaped like a starfish. Huge coral walls are amazing for diving enthusiasts. Buddhist temples and volcanic lakes, mountain rivers and singing caves. On one of the islands, the oldest tribe has survived, which lives by its own laws and hunts animals with homemade weapons. Here children are buried in a hollow of a tree, and caves are cut down for adults.
- Philippines. When choosing tours to Asia, pay attention to this country. If there is heaven on earth, then it is undoubtedly located here. White as snow, sand of beaches and a vast oceanic space of turquoise color. Underground river and active volcanoes. Here you can have a wedding in the best traditions of the Filipino people.
What you need to do before traveling to Asia
- Get to know the traditions and characteristics of the place you are going to.
- When planning a vacation in Asia, do not forget to take along a first aid kit, consisting of the most essential medicines: pain relievers, antipyretics, antihistamines, antidiarrheals and antivirals.
- Provide all necessary vaccinations.
- Take a certain amount of cash with you.
- Take a credit card, preferably several, it is desirable that each of them has the same amount of money.
- In tropical Asian countries, the sun sets very early, so it is advisable to take a flashlight with you.
- Purchase medical insurance for your vacation.
- Take an English-Russian dictionary for a trip, in many Asian countries, locals speak English language and many tourists as well.
Asia is very diverse and colorful in terms of culture, religion, nature. Lost Islands, exotic fruits, spiritual centers and low prices are just a few of what attracts tourists to this part of the world. How not to get confused in such a variety and choose the best place to stay, we will tell you in this article.
Phuket, Thailand
Phuket is the most popular resort... On the island, in addition to delightful beaches and hotels, there are Buddhist temples, observation decks, waterfalls, gardens. Here you can find small coves to feel solitude or to arrange romantic evening, and club-bar streets filled with noise, music and dancing. The island is connected to the mainland by a bridge, which makes it easy to get to other provinces or.
pros
- Lots of entertainment, architectural and natural attractions. Nice beaches, which rarely have big waves.
Minuses
- Sights and shops are scattered around the island, and you need to get to them by taxi, which is not very cheap, or by rented motorbike, which is not very safe.
Boracay, Philippines
This small Philippine island is famous for having one of the ten best beaches in the world - White Beach. A string of bars, massage parlors, souvenir shops and cafes stretch along it. Apart from people who love nightlife Boracay attracts divers and kitesurfers, because there are ideal conditions for observing the underwater world, and a steady wind always blows near Bulabog Beach, which is so necessary for kiting.
pros
- You can rent a bungalow right on the beach. There is practically no crime.
Minuses
- Few attractions. Getting to Boracay is quite tiring.
Hainan, China
On the island of Hainan, you can not only relax on the beach, but also see many attractions. For example, the extinct Ma-An volcano, the crater of which was turned into observation deck... Those who want to tickle their nerves should go to where bears, tigers and lions walk in natural conditions, and tourists can watch them from a jeep. In addition, Hainan Province is a major cultural center that hosts many different festivals throughout the year.
pros
- There is a Chinese medicine center on the island, where you can improve your health or undergo a complex of spa treatments.
Minuses
- Hainan Island is popular with the local population, so in the high season and in the evenings, the beaches are quite crowded.
Langkawi, Malaysia
The Malaysian island of Langkawi is located in the middle of an archipelago of 100 islands. Here everyone can feel like a pioneer, without going far from the white beaches and comfortable hotels. Mountains, caves, waterfalls and lakes coexist with the resort infrastructure and many attractions, among which the cable car and the sky bridge, so beloved by tourists, run right above the jungle.
pros
- Langkawi is a duty free zone.
Minuses
- Powerful ebb and flow.
Sri Lanka
Tea plantations, elephants, golden beaches with palm trees descending to the water, ancient temples and statues - all this is on a small one that is lost in the Indian Ocean off the coast of India. Aromatherapy is combined with Buddhist and Hindu teachings to promote relaxation and spiritual enrichment. Water skiing, underwater fishing, surfing and kiting are waiting for those who like active rest.
pros
- Many excursions, natural and architectural attractions.
Minuses
- The pesky beach bailiffs wanting to sell something. Bad roads, which affects the travel time from one place to another.
Phu Quoc, Vietnam
Photo: thinkstockphotos.com, flickr.com
Southwest Asia includes the states of the Near and Middle East with an ancient history and a predominantly Muslim culture. The exception is Israel - a country of immigration and widespread Judaism with its shrines. Historically, the city of Jerusalem is currently located on the territory of Israel, where the shrines of three religions are located: Judaism, Christianity, Islam. This, on the one hand, attracts a large number of tourists, partly pilgrims, and on the other, it creates the basis for constant conflicts, which also affects the scale of tourism.
In the countries of this zone, tourists are attracted by the warm sea (especially the Mediterranean, washing the shores of Turkey, Cyprus, Lebanon, Syria, Israel), and the subtropical climate. Fans of educational tourism are attracted by ancient cities or their ruins, numerous cities with their historical and cultural heritage - Istanbul (Turkey), Amman (Jordan), the ancient cities of Lebanon Baalbek, Sayda, as well as the organized tourist center Beirut, Nicosia (Cyprus), Iranian cities Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Hamadan, etc.
Individual countries of the Arab East, as well as Turkey, attract many "shuttle traders" - participants in shopping tours. Afghanistan has interesting tourist opportunities, but the events of recent decades make it impossible to use them. The following tourist macro-regions are present in South-West Asia: Cyprus and Turkey, Palestine, Arab states (Middle East), Middle East.
Cyprus is a state located on the island of the same name in the northeastern Mediterranean.
Cyprus first gained independence in 1960, but in 1974 Turkish troops landed on the island. After that, the northern territory of the country was ceded to Turkey. There are no diplomatic relations between the Greek and Turkish parts. The Turkish part is closed for entry from the Greek side.
The territory of the Greek part of the island (Republic of Cyprus) is 5.9 thousand square meters. km, the Turkish part (Northern Cyprus) - 3.35 thousand sq. km. The coast of the island in the northern part is indented and rocky, the south of the island is flat, with long sandy beaches... In the center and in the south-west of the island is the vast old volcanic Troodos massif (the highest point is Mount Olympos, 1951 m). The vast and fertile Mesaoria valley stretches between the mountains.
In ancient times, Cyprus was the center of Mediterranean trade, which led to the mixing of cultural monuments of all European civilizations on its land. The capital of the country is Nicosia with the Center for Applied Arts located there, the Archbishop's Square with the Palace of the Archbishop, the Gate of Ammochostos and the Statue of Liberty, the archaeological museum, the Venetian walls (XVI century) with the Gate of Famagusta and the ring of the Municipal Park outside, the Church of Chrysaliniotissa, built by the mosque in 1450 , the churches of Tripiotis and Faneromeni, the Cathedral of St. John, built in 1662.
Limassol It is best known for its beaches, medieval museum, old castles and winemaking. Monuments Larnaca are the Larnaca Fortress (1625); Jami Kebir Mosque; church of ev. Lazarus; Laiki Getonya (one of the old quarters); the Church of Angeloktistos; Hala Sultan Tekke Mosque (1816), one of the main Muslim shrines (since Umm Haram, the aunt of the Prophet Muhammad is buried here); aqueduct (used for its intended purpose until 1939); catholic cathedral of ev. Sofia (XIII century); Archaeological Museum; royal chapel of ev. Katerina.
Within the resort Pathos interesting are the Port Fortress, the Paphos Mosaics, entered in the register of the world cultural heritage UNESCO, Panaya Limeniotissa, Odeon theater, catacombs of ev. Solomon, the Royal Tombs, the Church of Chrysopolitessa and the Column of s. Paul, "House of Theseus", "Villa
Dionysus ”, the beach of Aphrodite, the Bay of Curene, the ancient Roman city of Curium with its Greco-Roman theater, the Kolossi castle. The monuments of ancient culture in Salamis are the tomb of St. Catherine, the Costello castle in Famagusta, the Gothic cathedral of St. Nicholas.
Sea resorts Cyprus are Limassol, Protaras, Lara Beach with a sea turtle breeding station, Latchi, Cape Greco, Polis, numerous beach resort complexes southwest coast... The Troodos mountain range, where the summer residence of the President of Cyprus is located, provides opportunities for mountain tourism.
Turkey is a state in the southeast of Europe and Western Asia, with a total area of 780.6 thousand square meters. km and a population of 80 million people. Capital - Ankara. In the northwest it borders on Bulgaria and Greece, in the northeast - with Georgia and Armenia, in the east - with Iran, in the south - with Iraq and Syria. In the north it is washed by the Black and Marmara seas, in the south - by the Mediterranean Sea, in the west - Aegean Sea... The European part of Turkey (Eastern Thrace, or Roumelia) is a hilly plateau about 1000 m above sea level. The Asian part (Asia Minor, or Anatolia) is bounded by the mountain ranges of the Pontine Mountains in the north and the Taurus system in the south, between which the Anatolian Highlands (average height up to 1000 m) are located, with river valleys and cones extinct volcanoes in the east.
Turkey attracts recreational tourists: seaside areas(along the Mediterranean, Aegean, Marmara, Black Seas) are known for their favorable conditions (warm sea, subtropical climate), which contributed to the emergence famous resorts Antalya, Alanya, Kemer, Belek, Side, Izmir, Marmaris, etc. (Figure 9.1). There are resorts in the interior of Turkey, famous for their mineral springs. For example, springs near the city of Bursa were used by the Byzantines. Lovers winter holiday attracted by modern ski resorts Palandoken, Uludag, etc.
But, of course, Turkey is also famous for its historical and cultural values. Many of them are concentrated on the shore
Symbols Excursion centers ^ Ski resorts A Sea resorts
The boundaries of the tourist
recreational areas
Tourist and recreational
- 1 Sea of Marmara Region
- 2 Aegean region
- District 3 Mediterranean Sea
- 4 Central Anatolia
- 5 Black Sea Region
- 6 Eastern Anatolia
- 7 Southeast Anatolia
Rice. 9.1. Tourist and recreational centers in Turkey
Chapter 9. international tourism in Asia
the Bosphorus in Istanbul(in the past - the capital of Byzantium, Constantinople, in ancient Russian documents - Constantinople). The transformation of an Orthodox Byzantine city into a Muslim city changed its appearance: Orthodox churches turned into mosques. There are many of them, therefore, there are also many minarets. The most famous temple is the outstanding work of Byzantine architecture, Hagia Sophia. There are also museums in Istanbul, including archaeological (with the sarcophagus of Alexander the Great), antiquity, conquerors, Muslim art, etc., the church of St. Irina, choral monastery church, church Holy Mother of God, mosques - Ahmed (Blue Mosque), Mikrimakhi, Selim the Conqueror, Bayazid, Suleiman, Eyyup, underground palaces-reservoirs, the remains of a Byzantine fortress. In the XX century. Istanbul is largely Europeanized.
Other centers of educational tourism in Turkey: the capital Ankara(where are the old buildings and the mausoleum of the founder modern Turkey Ataturk (Kemal Pasha); Homer's birthplace Izmir, which is famous for antiquities and annual fairs; Bursa, Adana, Erzurum with their ancient monuments and numerous mosques. Aspendos is a city created by colonists after the Trojan War, which has many beautiful buildings, including the theater-palace of the architect Zeno (II century) and the Roman arched aqueduct; World - ancient capital Lycia, "the land of light rays", famous for its necropolis carved into the rocks, as well as the church of St. Nicholas, a place of pilgrimage for Christians. There are many nature reserves in the country - Olympos-Beydaglari, Munzur-Vadisi, Koprulu-Kanyon, etc.
Most of Turkey is made up of plateaus and low mountains, which in the east of the country turn into highlands. There is located the Ararat massif, sacred to Armenians (but located after the First World War on the territory of Turkey), where, according to the biblical tradition, Noah completed his journey, the large and picturesque Lake Van. So in the east of Turkey there are many elements of natural attraction ™. However, so far this undoubtedly potentially resort area has been little developed.
Palestine. This macro-region includes the state of Israel, inhabited mainly by Jews (indigenous people and immigrants), and Arab territories that have been fighting for the creation of an Arab Palestinian state for many decades.
The territory of Palestine has seen many historical events in its lifetime. Suffice it to say that the very first city in the world was discovered in the Jordan Valley - Jericho ("the city of dates"), which is seven thousand years old.
Jerusalem, the city of three historical denominations (Jewish, Christian and Muslim) attracts the largest number of tourists. Among the historical and cultural monuments, it is enough to name the Jewish Wailing Wall, Christian shrines - the chapel of the Holy Sepulcher, Golgotha, where Christ was crucified, the rock where he prayed (and many more places related to evangelical subjects). According to Islam, the Muslim prophet Muhammad later ascended to heaven from the rock where Christ prayed (the mosque of Omar was built here). It is no coincidence that during the division of Palestine after World War II, the UN made a decision on the special status of Jerusalem, which is historically divided into the Old and New City.
South of Jerusalem is located Bethlehem, over which, according to legend, a star was lit when Jesus Christ was born. A grandiose temple has been built here.
Tel Aviv- the capital of Israel (although the country's leadership considers Jerusalem as the capital, which is not recognized by most countries in the world) with its Museum of Mediterranean Art "Haaretz", an art gallery. Among the streets of Tel Aviv there are streets Korolenko, Zola, etc. Jaffa, in contrast to young Tel Aviv, dating back several centuries of its existence. In this city you can walk along the streets of Pushkin, Pestalozzi, Michelangelo, Gorky, Ozheshko, Dante.
In the area of cities Haifa and Natanya on the Mediterranean coast, as well as in the Eilat region in the Arabian Gulf of the Red Sea, there are seaside resorts. There are resorts on the coast located below ocean level Dead sea, the very high salinity of the waters of which allows bathers to freely float on the water. A corresponding infrastructure has been created for tourists in Israel.
The Arab countries of Southwest Asia include almost the entire area, with the exception of Palestine, Israel and the Middle East. In essence, we are talking about the Middle East or most of Western Asia (from Lebanon in the northwest to Yemen in the southeast). All these are Muslim Arab states.
With the exception of some outskirts - Mediterranean Lebanon and partly Syria in the northwest and "happy Arabia" (southern Yemen) on the edge of the Arabian Peninsula - all countries in the region are arid desert and semi-desert territories. Therefore, civilization developed only where it was possible to create irrigation systems at the expense of rivers (as in Mesopotamia) or groundwater - in oases. From the middle of the XX century. oil is extracted in many countries of the region, which leads to the formation of oases on an "industrial basis" due to the supply of water from deep horizons or desalination of seawater. In the course of these processes, a modern civilization is formed with all its pluses and minuses. In particular, the centers of this new civilization attract a large number of shuttle tourists from the CIS countries to the countries of the region. In some states of the region, modern sea resorts appear on the shores of the seas. There are also mountain resorts in the cities of Lebanon. All this serves the development of recreational tourism.
Almost in all countries of the macroregion there are many historical and cultural attractions - monuments of distant millennia and centuries. So, on the territory Lebanon one of the earliest human settlements is located - Baalbek, where the ruins of religious buildings dedicated to Jupiter, statues, sculptural images Venus, Bacchus, rows of columns and sculptures, stairs. One of the oldest settlements in Lebanon is the city of Sayda. The very same capital of the country - Beirut - along with the old quarters is distinguished by quite modern buildings, corresponding to the role of Beirut as a center of finance and culture.
V Syria The ancient cities of Palmyra and Aleppo with their monuments of Hellenistic art are of great interest to tourists. The capital of the country, Damascus, attracts with objects of Muslim culture, among which one of the most famous shrines of Islam is the Omayyad Mosque.
Muslim architecture is typical for most areas of the capital Iraq- Baghdad. The Nazimiyya Mosque, or the Golden Mosque, is very famous, decorated with four minarets with gilded domes (which is a rarity in such structures). The city has many modern buildings and monuments stylized in the spirit of Muslim traditions. Away from the capital, located on the banks of the Tigris River, are the ruins of ancient cities, including Babylon. There are in Iraq (in the north and north-east of the country) and summer alpine resorts. Despite the undoubted tourist attraction of Lebanon, Syria and Iraq, the flow of tourists to these countries is limited due to political instability.
Others are much less interesting for educational tourism. Arab countries of the Middle East: Jordan, Yemen, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain. In these countries, whose economies are based on oil production (Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates), modern cities are attracting attention.
Saudi Arabia occupies a special place among the countries of the Middle East. It is on its territory that the main places of pilgrimage for Muslims are located - the holy cities of Mecca (with the black stone Kaaba) and Medina, cities associated with the activities of the Prophet Muhammad and the birth of Islam. Hundreds of thousands, and in some years millions of Muslims from all over the world come here as pilgrims. The pilgrimage (hajj) brings huge profits to the country, and the pilgrims "attach" themselves to eternal life in paradise. On the Red Sea coast of the country is the city of Jeddah, through which thousands of pilgrims go. There are also several historical monuments, among which, according to legend, the grave of the first woman Eve.
Saudi Arabia covers an area of 1.6 - 2.4 million square meters. km (according to various sources). The population of the country is over 18 million people, the capital Riyadh.
United Arab Emirates (UAE)- a country with an area of 83.6 thousand square meters. km and a population of more than 2 million people - this is a bright sun 360 days a year and a warm clean sea, landscapes of the desert with oases and zones of red sands, wadis (dry river estuaries) and dunes, peaks of the Al Hajars massif, numerous key lakes of volcanic origin and color palette of stones.
The coral reefs of Kor Fakan are famous for the flora and fauna of the underwater world, and the coast of the Persian Gulf is famous for its golden sands and exceptional clarity of water. Hotels on the seashore offer tourists swimming pools and well-equipped hotel beaches equipped with everything you need.
The capital of the UAE is Abu Dhabi. In the city of Dubai there are ancient Arab buildings of the Bastakiya district, the Dubai History Museum (Al Fahidi Fort), the Jumeirah Mosque, Sheikh Said Palace, the Historical Village Museum, the Dubai Zoo - the best in the Middle East, Wonderland - one of the largest water parks in Asia. Once a year, Dubai hosts the world's largest shopping festival, attracting over 2 million visitors. Dubai Hotel "Arab Tower" (Burj al-Arab) is the world's tallest hotel (height 321 m). Hatta is a mountain resort that belongs to the emirate Dubai, located in the center of Hajar mountain range and represents beautiful place surrounded by palm trees, clear lakes and small farms.
In the city of Ajman there is a museum, which is located in a fort, built at the end of the 18th century, and until the end of the 1970s. which is the residence of the emir. Its exposition includes a collection of archaeological finds, ancient manuscripts, weapons, reconstructed traditional Arab rooms and a market.
Emirate Ras el-Khaimah represented by ancient cities (Yulfar - a flourishing pearl trading center in the past, Digdagh - the largest old city of Ras al-Khaimah), hot springs of Hatts, the emirate museum (a huge military fort) with traditional household items, jewelry, archaeological finds, the oldest of which dates back to the 1st millennium BC.
In the emirate Umm al-Quwain("Source of strength") are located: Falaj Al Muala - a huge date garden, surrounded by high dunes; water park "Dreamland" with an artificial volcano 18 m high with an imitation of fire, lighting effects, numerous water attractions; Fujairah city with sandy beaches and mountain headlands is one of the best snorkeling spots.
Mereja, the "museum treasury of the UAE", is the oldest district in the emirate Sharjah where are located: one of the largest in the Middle East, the King Faisal Mosque, which can accommodate up to 3000 worshipers; numerous museums and exhibitions, beaches of Khalid lagoon. New, but already popular entertainment in the UAE - skiing on the sand, rallying by car in the desert.
The countries of the Middle East are Iran and Afghanistan.
Iran- a country of diverse nature and ancient history... Nature lovers will meet in Iran the seas and rivers, plains (low and elevated) and high Elbrus mountains with the main peak Demavend (in the north of the country), various forests, dry steppes, semi-deserts and deserts, healing mineral springs and therapeutic mud. In Iran, there are many monuments of Muslim culture (civil and religious buildings) - in the capital Tehran, the cities of Isfahan, Tabriz, Mashhad, Qazvin, etc. At present, due to the difficult international situation of Iran (largely due to its isolation), the flow of tourists to the country very limited.
Afghanistan - a multinational mountainous country where military operations have been going on for many years. Therefore, and also because of the very low level of development of tourist infrastructure, the harsh, but impressive nature of Afghanistan, and its historical and cultural sites located in the capital Kabul, the cities of Herat, Kandahar, etc. remain unclaimed. One of the most famous tourism objects throughout Asia - Biamin. In this depression, located in the central part of the country at an altitude of more than 2 thousand meters, there are rocks dug by hundreds of caves, and in the rocks there are two 50-meter-high statues of Buddha hewn. The Shahar-i-Gulgula fortress is located on the hill. The possibilities of the winter resort of Jalalabad, hunting and observing local ritual holidays are not in demand either.
