Choosing on what to get from point A to point B, we take into account 2 factors - speed and safety. Long journeys narrow the range of vehicle choices. Today we will discuss the degree of danger of popular types of transport.
Public opinion
"What is the most safe transport? " - this was the question posed by the VTsIOM sociologists. The monitoring was carried out for 3 years. Throughout the entire time, the opinion of Russians practically did not change. They considered it safe:
- Metro - 69%;
- bus and tram - 68%;
- trains - 51%;
- cars -48%;
- trolleybus - 40%;
- ferries - 38%.
It is interesting to trace how the attitude of people towards air travel has changed. In 2011, only 22% of the respondents named the aircraft as the safest mode of transport. The next year the number increased to 33%, and in 2013 it fell to 16%.
The director of the center V. Fedorov notes that the indicators are influenced by information. Major plane crashes in 2013 caused a drop in citizens' confidence in aircraft.
Statistics
Official data disagree with the position of ordinary Russians. First, let's find out how the mortality rate is determined on different vehicles.
There are several methods. The most accurate and widespread is the calculation of the number of deaths per 100 million km or 160 million miles.
Each group of transport has the safest types of cars, motorcycles, etc. But the averaged version "in general" is taken. American Bureau of Statistics DERT in 2000. this is how the crude death rate was calculated:
- Aircraft - 0.5;
- buses - 0.4;
- trains - 0.6;
- minibuses - 1.2;
- water transport - 2.6;
- cars - 3.1;
- bicycles - 44.6;
- on foot - 54.2;
- motorcycle - 108.9.
Based on the coefficient of flights - 0.5, a person needs to fly 200 million km in order for him (according to statistics!) To have an accident. According to statistics, the most safe view transport - airplane. It is followed by rail and water transport. In order not to be unfounded, I will take the latest reports as a basis.
Tracking aviation accidents has been running the aviation-safety.net website since 1996. From June 1 to November 1, 2017, the world crashed or committed emergency landing 117 aircraft, 279 people died.
In the first five months of this year, 5770 people died as a result of road accidents in Russia alone, and another 71 461 were injured. Even the safest cars are unable to reduce this amount.
According to regnum.ru, in 5 months the trains had the lowest results: 41 people died, 172 were injured.
Aircraft take off every 3 seconds. Therefore, the numbers are quite comparable and give a general idea of the number of victims over the same period of time. Annually from the wreck air transport about 1000 people die, on the railway - up to two thousand.
Aviation
The most safe remedy the movement of the car can not be called. In addition, the opinion that it is impossible to survive in a plane crash is also erroneous. If you turn to the table of the resource for registering incidents, you can see that in most cases there were no casualties. 500 accidents in the United States in 20 years accounted for 5% of deaths.
If we take only major crashes from the total, then the mortality rate will be about 50%.
In 2007 Popular Mechanics magazine named the safest seats on the plane. The journalists analyzed the data of the US National Security Council for 30 years. They drew attention to the dependence of the number of victims on the place.
The number of aircraft surviving from accidents, depending on the landing site Almost 70% of the survivors remain in the section off the edge of the plane's wing. Survive 56% of those sitting above the wing. The main impact when hitting the ground falls on the nose of the liner, so the tail is relatively safe.
There are also statistics for the safest aircraft. Here are the top five leaders:
- Airbus A340 - 341 aircraft of this type were produced in 24 years. Over 13.5 million flight hours, 5 accidents were recorded and not a single victim was injured;
- Airbus A330 - 577 examples. 1 incident per 14 million flight hours. A total of 8 pieces were lost, 346 deaths;
- Boeing 747 - 1 accident on 17.5 million flights. 941 ships are in operation, 51 were lost as a result of accidents, 3732 people died.
- Boeing 737 NG - since 1997 there were 3 tragedies (1/17 million hours).
Interesting fact: Boeing 747 is officially certified to fly without 1 engine (out of 4). Those. in case of refusal, he can safely continue the flight to the point of destination, without emergency landings.
The safest aircraft in the world is the Boeing 777. The total flight time of 748 aircraft since 1995 has amounted to more than 20 million hours. 3 people died in two incidents. One ship has been lost in history. It is important to understand that the rating is compiled without taking into account military operations and terrorist attacks..
Road transport
Oddly enough, the car we are used to is one of the most dangerous means of transportation, second only to motorcycles. Let's think about our safety in the car. The testauto.ru resource publishes data from the largest crash test companies. Based on this rating, we will determine the safest cars.
In the general mark, Volkswagen Passat, Volvo XC-90, Toyota RAV-4, Toyota Prius, Mercedess E-class and C-class, Lexus GS, Jeep Grand Cherokee get “excellent”.
Such popular brands as BMV 3 series, Dodge Caliber, Honda Accord VI, Honda Civic Hathback V, Honda CR-V, Volvo S-70 and S-80 and a number of other cars passed the test "well".
The main criteria for scoring are frontal and side impacts, coups, child safety. You can familiarize yourself with other grades in detail on the specified site, but we have listed all the excellent students. The source calls the Volvo XC90 the safest car in the world with reference to EuroNCAP specialists. The device scored the maximum number of stars.
Interestingly, some crash test scores include a pedestrian score. Unfortunately, if you look at the table, it becomes clear: these participants road traffic practically unprotected. Be careful on the roads!
Safe seats in the cabin
Automobile
Do you know what is the safest place in the car? Most people are convinced that behind the driver's seat. If the vehicle is hit to the side, then the chances of rescue will be equal for the driver and the passenger sitting behind.
The center of the vehicle is least prone to damage in an accident. So the middle between the two rear seats is considered the safest place in the car.
Public transport
Least dangerous to take center stage public transport... The logic is similar: the highest probability of collision with cars moving on the left. Accordingly, passengers sitting at the window will be under attack.
It is also not recommended to sit in the four back rows. In the first seats, it is better to sit behind the driver's seat, especially if the backrests are in the direction of travel. The middle of the passenger compartment remains the safest place on the bus.
Other payment options
This article discusses one option for calculating safety, in terms of passenger-kilometers. The question can be resolved in terms of the number of deaths per billion hours. Then, the buses will come out on top, and the planes will go down to the third. If we take a billion trips as a basis, trains will become the leader, air travel will recede to seventh place.
All techniques have advantages and disadvantages. Statisticians use various algorithms. It is enough for us to know: it is safer to move at short distances on the ground, at long distances - by air. Well, the safest transport is a spaceship. He is out of competition in any case. In the entire history of space exploration, 18 people have died.
We introduced you to the systems for calculating transport safety, introduced you to the course of sociological surveys. Now, the word is yours. Which means of transportation is preferred for you? We are waiting for your comments!
There are many different transports in tourism: from cruise liners, trains and ultramodern planes to gondolas, balloons and rickshaws. This variety allows you to choose fast and convenient modes of transport for comfortable travel or sightseeing tours... To make it easier for you to decide, we have created a list of the best Vehicle for traveling.
Aircraft
The safest and most popular form of transport in tourism is the plane. It is very comfortable in it: polite stewards who are always ready to help, comfortable seats, you will not go hungry. A plus is also the presence of restrooms, which is a must when traveling with children. With regard to tickets for children, it is not at all necessary to pay the full price. Children under the age of two can travel completely free of charge with their parents.
Using an airplane is the fastest way to get to your destination than any other means of transport. For example, a seven-day train journey can be replaced by a 7-8 hour plane flight. Despite the fact that all this time you need to sit inactive, but this saves almost 6 days of travel by train. If you cannot sit out such a time with little movement, then you can go to the bathroom or stretch your limbs while sitting, disperse the blood with special exercises.
Among the disadvantages of air travel are turbulence, as well as the risk of losing luggage. By the way, due to turbulence, plane crashes do not occur, despite general views about this phenomenon. In addition to these moments, travelers are simply haunted by the fear of airplanes. Statistics show that about 80 percent are afraid to fly, and five percent have a phobia about it, so they completely ruled out this type of transport for travel. Probably, this comes from surprise and misunderstanding "how such a huge thing keeps in the air." A little bit of self-development and fear will disappear.
A train
Money is a huge factor when choosing transport for travel. More recently, the cost of air tickets was too expensive for many fans of excursions. Now you can see a lot of discounts and offers, which makes it easy to fly for a low price and with great comfort. Some tickets end up being cheaper than train tickets. Thanks to this, a tendency towards a reduction in the number of rail traffic has been observed.
However, trains remain in the background among tourists. While on the train there is a relative opportunity to sleep with some comfort, visit the dining car and eat. You can walk along the carriages, thereby knead your bones, spend time with a cup of tea, talking with new acquaintances or playing chess. People are attracted to the trains by a certain charm, which is given: the uniform hum of the wheels, changing landscapes outside the window, swaying, as well as stops at stations, during which you can discover new places.
If you are looking to travel to a small town, the train is an excellent option. It will turn out to be a means of transport for recreation and will not require transplants, because now there are plenty of directions railroad... This has another plus: you will not have to go through the tedious registration and screening procedure, as, for example, at the airport. In addition, there will be no need to overpay for extra baggage... If the landing can be postponed, and the flight schedule can change, then with trains, incidents happen quite rarely. This means that you will be at the appointed place at the right time.
Automobile
Everything more people become lovers of travel on their own transport. If you decide, nevertheless, to go on a trip by car, then remember that this determines a certain degree of responsibility for you. The first step is to take care of transit visa, which should include all the countries that you will pass. The car needs to be put in order. It's not just about maintenance. Ask if your favorite tinting is prohibited in the country where you eat, for example. Otherwise, you will have to pay a fine or, in general, clean it right on the spot.
If traveling by other means of transport involves only buying a ticket and going, then the autotourist himself needs to take care of gasoline, stopping points, insurance, as well as funds for unforeseen situations (additional gas station, accident, breakdown on the road).
It must be remembered that one person can drive for no more than 12-13 hours, after which such driving becomes dangerous. It's good if someone can replace the driver. Having prepared for the trip in advance, you can travel at your own pleasure, collecting with you all the things that will make your stay comfortable, and the suitcases are large. You will have a great opportunity to stop to enjoy the scenery and take pictures of it. You can also occasionally leave the designated route when you see signs with any attractions.
Travel in the so-called mobile homes has become very popular. This is an excellent transport for recreation, with which you do not need to spend money on hotels, staying at campsites. These cars have comfortable sleeping places, air conditioning and heating, a dry closet with a shower, a refrigerator with a stove and a sink. In some countries with suitable climate, people live completely in such cars.
Sea transport
The most romantic and the best transport for relaxation can be called a cruise ship... You can't just call it a ship it most likely resembles an entertainment town. It has everything: casinos, bars and restaurants, saunas and baths, beauty salons and GYM's, theaters, swimming pools, hobby clubs, libraries. Many services are completely free. Here you can easily leave your child in the children's club, where he will not be bored at all, and go to the bowling alley or to the skating rink himself. Do not be afraid of pitching, the liners are built in such a way that you will not feel it even in a storm.
Public transport
In addition to a trip to different countries, the tourist also needs to choose transport for traveling within the selected state. The journey often starts from the airport or train station. The cost of a taxi ride in these places is always much higher. It will be nice if you yourself know the phone numbers of the city's taxi services. So, you pay strictly according to the counter, avoiding overpayments. Almost always near the train stations there is bus stop... This move will be much cheaper than a taxi.
In the city itself, the option of traveling by metro or bus is best suited. For some countries, the metro is a unique transport. For example, residents of Athens equate a trip on the subway with a visit to a museum. Bangkok is famous for its surface metro. Literally at the level of 3-7 floors, trains seem to fly in the air.
Sightseeing transport
When choosing a transport for recreation, pay attention to vehicles from which the view will accurately convey the flavor of the area. For example, in Venice, you can ride a gondola while listening to the whistling and lingering chants of gondoliers. Many European countries offer a hot air balloon tour. And some sights are best viewed from a helicopter, for example, Velikaya Chinese wall or Victoria Falls. You can explore the desert by jeep, camels or ATVs. It is rare to meet a person who returned from Sri Lanka and did not ride an elephant or from Japan - on a rickshaw. Discover the best modes of transport and travel in comfort!
Statistics and public opinion on this issue are very different. One thing is for sure: absolutely safe modes of transport do not exist... Nevertheless, many of the fears of passengers about using this or that mode of transport are unfounded.
According to a survey conducted in 2006 by the All-Russian Center for the Study of Public Opinion (VTsIOM), in terms of safety, the planes were located on last place, a railway transport got to the first place.
70% of the respondents give it a positive assessment, and only 15% consider it "definitely dangerous". Negative reviews received aviation. 84% of respondents believe that such travel is dangerous, and 33% - that it is very dangerous. Similar assessments were made by water transport: 44% perceive it as a dangerous way to travel and only 39% - as a safe one. And the most popular type of transport - automobile - is assessed ambiguously: 48% consider it safe, 50% - dangerous.
Statistics prove the opposite. The safest is the plane, followed by water and rail transport.... But cars are considered the most dangerous means of transportation. The data are calculated based on the number of people injured when using a particular type of transport.
We feel most secure in. But according to statistics, the number of accidents is much higher than in. Usually they are not so widespread and receive less public response.
According to ICAO (International Organization civil aviation- the UN agency that sets international standards for civil aviation), there is one accident per million departures, which cannot be said about car and other accidents. But any plane crash, even the smallest aircraft, immediately attracts media attention. This contributes to the formation of a negative opinion about aviation as a very dangerous form of travel.
However, the investigation of air crashes suggests that they occur due to a combination of rare circumstances, the possibility of which is minimal (statistics of air crashes).
The probability that a passenger boarding a plane will die in a plane crash is approximately 1 / 8,000,000. If a passenger takes a random flight every day, it will take 21,000 years to die.
It is also considered erroneous to believe that in the event of a plane crash, the chances of survival are minimal. Analysis of 568 accidents in USA from 1983 to 2000, fatalities account for only 5% of total passengers on board. According to these statistics, of the 53,487 people involved in plane crashes, 51,207 survived. As a result of a more detailed study of 26 serious accidents, accompanied by strong impacts of liners on the ground, their breaking into pieces and fires, it turned out that about 50% of the people on board were saved in these accidents (how to survive a plane crash).
The likelihood of survival for the crew of passengers and pilots increases if the plane makes an emergency landing, even if it is not designed for such measures. Experts say that splashdown increases the chances of human survival by 50%.
Against the background of the statistics of air crashes, the statistics of accidents on the roads looks not very rosy. Only in Russian Federation in 2009 there were 203 603 road accidents, as a result of which 26,084 people died and 257,034 were injured.
Of course, if we take the number of kilometers traveled as a basis, then the safest mode of transport can be safely considered space... In the entire history of development, only 3 spacecraft did not reach the earth (2 for the Americans and 1 for us). By the way, space tourism, despite its cost, is gaining increasing popularity, and the number of people wishing to visit space is constantly growing.
Calculate, what type of transport is the safest, not so easy. To build a beautiful and visual graph, at least two indicators are required - the number of people killed or injured, as well as the number of people who use this type of transport. It is not difficult to find this data for air, rail and water transport, because every person is counted thanks to tickets. But there are problems with automobile transport. It is not possible to track the movements of the average Russian from work, to work and to the store - no one is registered to exit at the doorstep of their home.
Our rating of transport safety statistics for 2018 was compiled with the involvement of various sources - from data from the National Union of Insurers, which maintain statistics of registered insured events from 2012 to the present, to data on traffic accidents on the Rosstat website.
> 200 deaths per 1.6 billion km
Although the number of accidents involving motorcyclists has decreased by more than 70% since 2005, the motorcycle remains one of the most dangerous modes of transport. According to statistics, it turns out that every 1.6 billion kilometers of track are paid for with the lives of more than two hundred drivers and their passengers.
A motorcycle, like another two-wheeled vehicle - a bicycle - is characterized by increased vulnerability, so accidents involving motorcyclists are likely to end in sadness. The reason is non-observance of traffic rules, and, surprisingly, the principled refusal of some drivers to use a helmet.
5, 75 people per 1.6 billion km
In second place in terms of the number of road accidents are private cars. In just 1.6 billion kilometers, at least 5.75 people die.
The reasons are both the reluctance of drivers to comply with the rules of the road, and the condition of the roadway, the increased wear and tear of the vehicle fleet due to the crisis and the deterioration in the purchasing power of the population. And also (due to the increase in the average age of life) and the aging of drivers. All these factors together serve as a guarantee that automobile transport in Russia it will not be safe for a long time.
9.4 deaths per 1 million passengers
Among air transport, the greatest danger to human life is not international transport, but intercity transport. Especially if a person on a helicopter is forced to go to those lands where even the notorious Makar prefers not to drive his calves. Perhaps this is precisely what explains such a high number of victims among helicopter passengers. For every 1 million people, at least 9.4 are injured. Will have to fall with great height, and, with a high degree of probability, the injuries will be incompatible with life.
5 fatalities per 1.5 billion km
Route taxis cannot be called the safest type of transport in Russia. According to statistics, every 1.5 billion km of the route covered by the minibus is paid for with five human lives. Among the reasons can be named as the work of drivers for wear and tear, and structural miscalculations of minibuses, road conditions, unwillingness to comply with traffic rules and drunk driving.
2.84 casualties per million transported
In 2018, there were several major incidents involving intercity buses, including the tragic accident in Voronezh region when two buses collided, five people died and 17 were injured. international buses not distinguished by safety - for every million passengers carried, at least 2.84 are injured or killed in accidents. In total for 2018, trips to intercity buses brought death to more than 600 passengers, and injured more than 13 thousand people.
2.3 accidents per 1 million passengers
This category includes both international ships and inland river carriers. In total for 2018 during sea and river travel 62 incidents occurred, which ended tragically for five people. In general, according to the statistics of the NSS, for every million passengers transported there are 2.3 accidents.
Passengers on sea and river vessels not only the water element threatens, but also the fiery one. One of the most common causes of traffic accidents is a sudden outbreak of fire on board a ship, usually caused by a faulty electrical wiring. This is not surprising, given that Russia's internal fleet is in a deplorable state, and almost a third of the vessels have celebrated 40 years of operation.
Probability of death: 1:11 000 000
The safest transport in the world, but in Russia it is not possible to obtain accurate statistics on the number of accidents per number of passengers. The data of the National Society of Insurers, on which we relied when assessing the hazard of other modes of transport, are not available for them. The reason is the peculiarities of the insurance system in Russia; most air transport companies carry their passengers not only within the country but also abroad. Therefore, they use international insurance policies.
That is why the plane is the safest form of transport: according to statistics, the odds of being killed in an accident on board an aircraft are 1 in 11 million. In comparison, the chances of being struck by lightning while walking in a thunderstorm are 16 times higher!
0.17 accidents per million passengers
This category includes both long-distance and international trains, as well as ordinary commuter trains... In general, for 2018, the statistics for Russian Railways looks excellent - for almost the entire year, from January to November, only seven incidents were recorded. Unfortunately, not without deaths - one person died. In general, there are no more than 0.17 accidents per 1 million passengers.
More and more people prefer to use one of the safest modes of transport, and this cannot be explained at one price. Indeed, for some destinations, the cost of plane and train tickets is almost equal. According to the Russian Railways website, in 2018 on trains long distance carried almost 8% more passengers than last year. And the growth in the number of passengers on electric trains was almost 3%.
0.09 cases per million transported
In second place in terms of safety among modes of transport in Russia is the trolleybus. According to the NSS statistics, for every million passengers carried there are only 0.09 accidents. Most of them are banal “stumbled and fell”.
The reasons for the low injury rate of the trolleybus are very simple - its volume and weight, as well as the low speed it develops. In a collision, for example, with a passenger car, the car will be much worse. And the passengers of the trolleybus will get off with light bruises.
0.04 injured out of 1,000,000 people
The safest transport according to statistics for 2018 in terms of the ratio of the number of accidents to the number of passengers. In total, out of one million who arrived from point A to point B, no more than 0.04 people are injured. In addition to safety, the tram has many advantages:
- it moves more smoothly than a car and even a trolleybus;
- less noisy;
- completely autonomous from traffic jams (unless, of course, motorists are trying to drive along the tracks);
- of all urban transport is the least harmful to the environment.
Unfortunately, trams are gradually disappearing from small towns in Russia. The reason is in the limited local budget, which simply cannot support a separate line. Over the past twenty years, the number of trams has decreased by more than 35%. Does this mean that the safest form of transport will gradually disappear from the urban landscape?
