Which country is Barcelona. Barcelona is the capital of Catalonia. Description of Barcelona districts. Description of famous streets

As of 2018, the population of Barcelona is about one and a half million people. If we add to these figures the population of the so-called “big Barcelona”, that is, its many suburbs and satellite cities, such as Hospitalet de Llobregat, Badalona, ​​etc., the actual number of Barcelona's inhabitants is more than 5 million people. Thus, Barcelona is one of the largest cities in Spain and a fairly large city by European standards.

Ethnic composition and history

Barcelona is a multicultural city, both for its history and for the influx of immigrants, international students and expats who work for the city's many international companies. Historically Barcelona has always been the capital of Catalonia and has been dominated by Catalan population, but the industrial boom in the second half of the 19th century attracted workers from other regions of Spain and even Italy to the city. The ups and downs of the 20th century also affected the fate of Barcelona: in the middle of the 20th century, the city was actively being built, thousands of Spaniards came from less prosperous Andalusia to work on the city's construction sites, and most remained in Barcelona. In the 80s of the XX century, a streak of prosperity began in Barcelona and immigrants from less prosperous countries poured into the city. It is believed that from 1992 until the start of the 2008 crisis, Barcelona experienced its golden age. The city hosted the Olympic Games, improved its beaches and brought in immigrants from all over the world, attracted by the possibility of high-paying jobs and the simple procedure for obtaining a residence permit.

Statistically, 4 out of 10 people living in Barcelona were not born in Catalonia. As of 2017, 17.81% of Barcelona's population is foreigners. The largest foreign diasporas in Barcelona are Italians, Pakistanis, Chinese, French, Americans, Bolivians, Peruvians, Filipinos and Colombians. The city also has the rarest diasporas in the world, ethnic composition Barcelona is extremely wealthy.

Mosaic Miro on the main street of Las Ramblas. As conceived by the author, this is a sign of tolerance and greetings to everyone arriving in Barcelona from the sea.

Culture and traditions

This diverse ethnic composition has influenced the culture and customs of Barcelona. For example, the famous Catalan rumba is music created in Barcelona in a gypsy environment with obvious elements of both Catalan and Moroccan motives. It is now one of the most popular genres of music with many performers, including both Gypsies and Catalans. The traditional dance of the Catalans is the sardana, which is often danced on summer evenings in the squares and embankments of the city. The dance is not difficult, so foreigners often join the circle of dancers. Another dance, the famous flamenco, came to Catalonia from Andalusia and won many admirers. There are many places in Barcelona where you can see his performances firsthand.

In this amazing city, Catalan holiday traditions - processions of giants, living towers of castelliers and fire shows are combined with exotic holidays of other peoples, for example, foreign communities often organize Day of Italy or Day of Brazil. In Barcelona, ​​the Catalan dish "pan con tomate" peacefully coexists with kebabs and Italian pizza. In the city, you can often see residents of other countries in their national costumes, which gives it a special flavor. The motto of the Barcelona people is tolerance, respect for other nations and at the same time reverence for their roots and traditions.

Language in Barcelona

Respect for both their ancestors and other nations was reflected in the linguistic wealth of the city. The main language in Barcelona is Spanish, which is spoken by over 90% of the population. It is Spanish that is the language of communication in Barcelona, ​​including between foreigners. Compared to other cities in Catalonia, Catalan is the least spoken in Barcelona, ​​it is the language of communication for only 28.80% of the city's population. Nevertheless, Catalans are trying to preserve their language, one of the measures is free courses for everyone. In addition to Spanish and Catalan, the city is gaining strength English language as the language of not only tourists, but also of numerous foreign specialists.
After English, the most popular foreign language in Barcelona is French. Many Barcelona residents speak French better than English. There are reasons for this - both the proximity of France and the influx of French tourists, and the obvious similarity of the Catalan language with French.

Religion in Barcelona

Spain is a secular state, but the majority of the population is traditionally Catholics. At the same time, Catalonia in general and Barcelona in particular are considered the most atheist region in Spain, especially among young people. In addition, there is a significant percentage of the population who consider themselves Catholics, but do not take part in religious rituals. For example, among Barcelonians 18-30 years old, 3.5% are devout Catholics who attend every Sunday mass, and 47.7% are atheists. If we look at another generation - Spaniards over 65, the situation changes completely: 26.7% are active Catholics and only 8.4% are atheists. Despite similar sentiments in society, the church continues to play a significant role in the lives of Barcelona residents. So, many traditional names - Eulalia, Montserrat, Mercedes, are associated with Catholic saints and patrons of the city.

Barcelona, ​​thanks to its religious freedom, also favors few denominations. The city has a significant number of Evangelical churches, Protestant, mosques, there are Buddhist and Hindu temples. By and large, Barcelona people are respectful of all religions, even if they are devout Catholics.

Barcelona, ​​the capital of the province of Catalonia, is one of the beautiful places Europe and a real Spanish tourist paradise. The age of the city is more than two centuries, which left an imprint on its appearance. The history of Barcelona began in the 3rd century. BC, when the general of Carthage Hamelcar Barca named the small village of Barsino in his honor. This is the place where the city stands today. Today's Barcelona is rich in historical and modern attractions. With her charm and originality, she leaves no one indifferent.

The main symbol of Barcelona is the Cathedral of La Sagrada Familla (Holy Family), built by the great Spanish architect Antoni Gaudi, who also decorated the city with his other masterpieces. The official languages ​​in Barcelona are Catalan and Spanish. but locals prefer to speak at first.

Climate and weather

Barcelona is a great holiday destination any time of the year. It is dominated by a Mediterranean climate with mild winters and warm wet summer... Rainfall in Barcelona is quite rare. The coldest month is February (+10 ° C), the hottest is July (+25 ° C), and in spring the weather is not much cooler than in autumn (15-18 ° C).

Nature

Barcelona is on a coastal plateau Mediterranean Sea... In the southwest, not far from the city, are the Llobregat river and the Collserola mountains, in the north - the Besos river. The Pyrenees lie 120 km north of Barcelona. Thanks to highlands the city has a peculiar, uneven landscape. The highest point is Mount Tibidabo (512 m).

Barcelona is located on several hills, whose names were also given to its quarters: Puchet, Carmel, Monterols, Peyra and Rovira. The city is very green, there are many small parks and squares in it.

sights

Barcelona has perfectly preserved the rich cultural heritage of many peoples and times. The entire multifaceted history of the country and the city is reflected in its squares, monuments and streets.

The most grandiose and impressive attraction of Barcelona is considered the Gothic Quarter, located in the territory of an ancient Roman village. The chapel of Sant Jordi, the Chapel of Saint Agatha, the Jaime I Square, where the City Hall and the Palace of Government (Generalitat) are located, the Golden Hall, the Courtyard of Orange Trees and the Federico Mares Museum are a must. Also of note are the Grand Royal Palace and the Archbishop's Palace. By the way, in the first of them in 1493 Christopher Columbus was solemnly received by the royal Spanish family after his maiden voyage.

It must be remembered that many sights and buildings of the city are included in the list of World Heritage Sites. The most interesting of them is the Sagrada Familia. Its construction began in 1882 and continues to this day. The completion of construction is scheduled for 2026.

Barcelona is also renowned for its sporting traditions and achievements. Here is the world's strongest Spanish football club Barcelona, ​​whose stadium (Camp Nou) houses its own museum, which is the second most attended in Barcelona.

Nutrition

The mixing of nationalities and cultures played a large role in the formation national cuisine Catalonia. At one time, she borrowed elements of Japanese, Indian, Turkish, Pakistani, Chinese, Thai, Arabic and many other cuisines. In all of Spain, it is considered the most exquisite.

For connoisseurs of taste, and for lovers of simply delicious food, Barcelona can offer a menu rich in fish and seafood, many dishes are served with fresh vegetables and fruits. The essential ingredients are olive oil and garlic.

Tapas are a must on any menu in Barcelona - a variety of snacks made from olives, fish, meat, bread and chips. The main dishes here are Catalan seafood paella and the traditional Spanish dish - potato tortilla. Among the simple appetizers, sandwiches with different fillings are appetizing. For drinks, it is worth trying the local sherry; in his honor, a holiday is even organized here in the summer.

Residence

Barcelona is one of the most important centers in Europe, large and multicultural. The city has a huge selection of accommodation options - hotels and hostels, apartments and apartments for rent, villas and private houses. The cost of living depends on location, season and conditions. At the peak of the influx of tourists, prices increase several times.

The best and most comfortable hotels in Barcelona are considered to be Hilton Barcelona, ​​Arts Ritz Carlton and Claris. They provide guests with a wide range of services, impeccable quality of service and interesting design. Accommodation costs from 100 € per day.

Despite the high rate of opening of new hotels, there is a constant lack of accommodation during weekends and vacation periods. Therefore, you need to book rooms in advance.

Entertainment and recreation

Barcelona attracts fans active rest and entertainment. There are a variety of options for this. In the coastal area you can swim and sunbathe, on the rocky coast - go diving, and on one of the beaches - take a parachute flight over the coast. Fans of elite sports will be surprised by the incredible number of golf clubs and courses. City water parks Water World and Aquabrava offer excellent opportunities and conditions for the rest of the family.

For lovers of nightlife, the doors of city clubs are constantly open, where a variety of themed parties and concerts are held. The most famous and trendy among them is the Elephant nightclub.

Winter carnivals are popular in Barcelona, ​​when mummers' corteges move along the streets and national music sounds. In the spring, a maypole decorated with ribbons is set up in the squares, around which the sardana (the national dance of Catalonia) is danced.

Purchases

Barcelona has rightly been nicknamed "the largest store in Europe". There are many grandiose shopping centers and small private shops, well-known boutiques and specialty shops. Shopping while tasting Barcelona cuisine and enjoying the Barcelona lifestyle is one of the most precious things the city has to offer. In addition, Barcelona is considered one of the main centers of fashion and style in Europe.

Biggest sales in Barcelona take place during the Christmas holidays (from January 10th) and summer (after July 5th). During these periods, an incredible shopping rush begins. prices for almost everything fall incredibly.

It must be remembered that the Spaniards do not like to work very much, so most shops are open only 5 days a week and during siesta (from 14:30 to 16:30) they cannot be entered.

Transport

Barcelona has an elaborate and extensive public transport network, including buses, metro, trams, rail and sea ​​transport, funiculars and flights.

The metro is considered the most democratic, affordable and convenient type of transportation around the city. The network consists of 5 branches, to which 3 lines are connected railroad... The cost of one trip is 1.20 €. But it is much more profitable to buy a subscription here, which combines the metro with other modes of transport.

Barcelona is deservedly proud of its urban bus network, it is considered the best in Spain in terms of organization and technical equipment. The fare here, as in the metro, costs 1.20 €.

It is possible to purchase a tourist transport card (Barcelona card), which provides the right to free travel and many discounts.

Connection

Communication in Barcelona is excellent and is considered to be of high quality. You can call in Spain and abroad from any street booth. Minimum cost city ​​call - 0.15 €, the price changes depending on the day of the week and time of day. Also at any kiosk or post office you can purchase a telephone card (6-12 €).

If you first activate the international roaming service in Barcelona, ​​you can also use your own GSM telephone. Although the tariffs will cost more to connect to one of the country's mobile operators in any cellular service salon.

Internet access is available in numerous Internet cafes, major libraries and post offices.

Safety

Barcelona is considered to be very safe city... Here, even alone, you can safely walk until the morning. On the streets of the city, and especially in busy places, the city police are on duty around the clock. Moreover, all police officers are friendly, responsive and always ready to provide any help. However, most of them speak English. Therefore, you should not hesitate to contact the police, even if you just get lost.

If we talk about petty theft, then for Barcelona, ​​as well as for others tourist centers, such cases are not uncommon. Be careful with your personal belongings and be vigilant in popular tourist destinations.

Business climate

Tourism ranks first in the economy of Barcelona, ​​because the profit from it is incredibly large. In this regard, the government is trying to develop this industry as much as possible and attract investors. Thus, making investments in tourism, one can confidently expect tangible income in the near future.

The property

Barcelona is the most major center industry and trade of the country. Proximity to French borders and the presence of a port make it the commercial capital of Spain. Therefore, it is not surprising that the value of real estate in Barcelona is steadily increasing in value. The demand for it is constantly high and premises are rented here all year round, and not only during the tourist season.

Among residential properties, the most popular are small apartments and studio apartments (from € 250,000). Commercial real estate in Barcelona is almost the same price as residential. Therefore, the capital of Catalonia is considered an ideal choice for investors planning to develop their business in Spain.

The ideal time to travel to Barcelona depends on the personal preference of the traveler. The popular swimming season runs from May to mid September. These months account for the main influx of tourists, free hotel rooms at this time it is almost impossible to find. September and May are considered the quietest periods of the season, and in July and August German, Russian and English are spoken on the streets more often than Spanish.

The season ends with the arrival of cold weather and rains. At this time, there is a slight tourist lull. In winter, the weather is favorable enough for travel, snow in Barcelona is rare and falls only once every few years, and in February almonds begin to bloom.

Barcelona is one of the most beautiful Spanish cities and is the capital of Catalonia. It is also known as a major Mediterranean port.

The French border is 120 kilometers away. Barcelona is the largest Spanish center for trade and industry. Tourists from all over the world come to see local historical sights.

Ancient times

They still try to explain the foundation of the city by two different legends. The first says that the ancient settlement was created in this place by the Greek mythological hero Hercules. According to legend, Rome was founded only four centuries later. In the 3rd century BC. e. Hamilcar Barca of Carthage, whose son Hannibal is, gave the city the name Barcino after his family.
According to the second legend, the first settlement in this area was founded by Hamilcar (Amelkart) Barca himself.

The chronicle history of the city began to be recorded on parchment in 237 BC by the famous ancient commander Hamilcar Barca. It was in this year that he took up the arrangement of his military camp on the narrow coast near the Montjuic mountain. At the suggestion of Barca's associates, the name of the camp was determined as Barcino ("Lightning"). Hamilcar received this nickname in ancient times for the fact that his army moved at great speed. Barca agreed to this option. This moment is considered the foundation of the city, which later became an important Mediterranean settlement.

In 133 BC. e. an army of the Romans, led by Lucius Scipio, conquered Laye in Iberia. In 15 BC. e. in these places, the construction of a Roman fortification was completed, the central part of which was located on Mount Taber. This hill is now located next to the city hall on pl. St. James. The Romans named the city Colonia Faventia Giulia Augusta Pia Barcino. It was a small settlement, unlike the neighboring Tarracon, which is now called Tarragona. Time passed and the city became richer and more significant. Its convenient location and beautiful harbor played a role in this. Here they began to mint their own coins. Some of them have survived to our time. Ancient fortifications in the form of ruins in this moment located in the city. The Roman layout can be seen on a map of the city center in the Gothic Quarter. St. Paradis is the site of ancient Roman columns.

The expansion of Barcelona took place inside a walled fortress. In the fifth century, Barcino was conquered by the Visigoths. Later the city became a more significant settlement than Tarracon.

Middle Ages

In the fifth century, Barcino was ruled by the Visigoths. By order of King Ataulf, the capital of his state was located here.

In 511, a battle took place near the city, in which the Ostrogoths and Visigoths took part. The first were victorious. The Ostrogothic army was commanded by the Duke of Ibb.

In the first half of the eighth century, Barcelona was conquered by the Moors. Before that, a battle between the Visigoths and the Arabs took place near the small town of Medina-Sidonia. Where it was exactly historians have not established. It is believed that the battle took place near the Guadelete rivulet. There are no further details about her.

In the Latin chronicle of 754, it is recorded about Roderich's campaign in the direction of the Transduktinsky mountains to the battle. His army was prepared for battle. But since the soldiers were taken into the army by force, when the battle began, many of them fled, and Roderich was killed. At the same time, many of his opponents were laid down.

According to Arab sources, the battle took place on July 19, 711. It, as well as in the previous chronicle, speaks of strife in the Visigoth camp. It was for this reason that the Muslims won, and their opponents fled from the battlefield. The Arab chroniclers did not write anything about other details of the battle. But historians claim that the army of Tariq defeated the army of the Visigoths, Roderich was killed, and the soldiers taken by force into his ranks fled. When Cordoba and Toledo fell, Muslims took possession of vast Catalan and Portuguese lands, but there is little information about the occupation of these territories by the Moors. Muslims successfully advanced deep into the Spanish lands. Within five years, they managed to capture almost the entire territory of the Iberian Peninsula, which came under the control of the province of al-Andalus.

The Moors also influenced the activities of local authorities. With them, new coins began to be minted. When Musa ibn Nosseira arrived, a gold coin was put into circulation, which was based not on the Visigothic model, but on the North African one. The first coins were issued with a Latin inscription engraved on them. It was a translated Islamic dictum "There is no God but Allah."

The Moors, who ruled over the Spanish lands, did not occupy military camps. They settled in southern regions on the Iberian Peninsula. Perhaps for this reason, the Muslims did not choose Barcelona and the city did not develop as rapidly as it did with the settlements of al-Andalus.

In 801, Louis the Pious managed to conquer the city from the Moors. The capital of Spain was founded here. Barcelona became a buffer zone ruled by a local count. Margrave Wilfred the Volosaty managed to become the founder of Catalonia as an independent state.

Barcelona existed as a Christian outpost. In 985 it was plundered by al-Mansur, after which Count Borrell II was freed from the rule of the Carolingians.

In the 10-11th centuries, local counts declared independence and the expansion of their territory to other Catalan lands. The union of dynasties, which included Aragon and Catalonia, in 1162 brought to the throne Alfonso II - the first monarch of the united country. Jaime I was engaged in expanding the borders of his kingdom, to which he annexed southern lands along with Valencia. Aragon in the 13th century took over the subjugation of maritime territories, the western Mediterranean and outposts. During the existence of the confederation of Aragon and Catalonia, there was an active construction of buildings in the Gothic style. It was also the time of the adoption of new legislation with the "Customs" code. In 1410 the Castilian dynasty of Trastamara began to rule over these territories. When the dynastic Castilian-Aragonese branches united, the development of the city ceased.

1450 marks the founding of the legendary University of Barcelona.

Influence of Jews on the development of the city

The Jewish population appeared here in the first century, when the Temple was destroyed. Until the early 13th century, Jews were the wealthy and influential people of the city. In addition, numerous scientists lived here - representatives of this people. In 1263, the monk Pablo Christiane initiated a dispute in which he was opposed by a representative of the Jewish population of Nachmanides.

In 1367, the Christian Church declared that the "holy bread" had been desecrated by local Jews. Representatives of this nationality were herded into the synagogue, where they were closed, without food and water. They also had nowhere to relieve themselves. Thus, the local authorities wanted to force them to obey the orders spread by Infante don Juan. He was the viceroy of the monarch don Pedro. The Jews gave up their property and handed over to the authorities three representatives of the community, whom the Christian inquisitors burned at the stake. From that time on, Jews were not supposed to leave their homes without special signs on their clothes.

In 1391, Christians ravaged the Jewish district of Barcelona. More than four hundred people were killed. The synagogue was destroyed, and a temple was built in its place, where Jews were forcibly baptized. In 1397, by order of the king, the Jewish ghetto ceased to exist.

In 1492, Jews who did not want to be baptized were expelled from the country. Before that, all their property was taken away from them. The Spanish nobility and wealthy Jews were so intertwined by family ties that among the representatives of this people who were expelled from the kingdom was one of the monarch's relatives. Some Jews became Christians, but they were watched all the time by local residents of other nationalities. Only in the 20th century was the opening of synagogues allowed in the country.

XVIII century - our time

When the war of the heirs to the throne was raging in Spain, in September 1705, a British squadron, commanded by the Earl of Peterborough, attacked the city. A month later, he fell.

Many people in Catalonia hated Madrid. With their approval, Charles III began to rule these lands, and his residence was located in Barcelona until 1711. At the end of the winter of 1706, Valencia surrendered to Peterborough, and Philip V approached Barcelona and took it under siege, but was later defeated.

In 1714 he made a second attempt. This time, the long siege yielded results. In September, the army of Philip V entered the city. Half destroyed shopping district... In its place, the construction of the Ciutadelo fortress began, which made it possible to control the rebellious city and punish its population. Local separatists were repressed, and the Catalan language was banned. In addition, the closure of the university took place.

At the beginning of 1809 the city was taken by General Suchet. Then the entire territory of the country was captured. Napoleon annexed Catalonia and was overthrown only four years later. Barcelona came under the Spanish crown again.

The industrial revolution took place in the 19th century. Numerous enterprises began to open in the city. When the government of the country loosened its control over the provinces, it was destroyed in 1860. medieval walls, and on the territory of the La Ribera fortress, an urban park area was laid out, which is now called de la Ciutadella. In 1888 the World Exhibition was held here. Barcelona began to expand at the expense of areas that previously housed vegetable gardens and fields.

The beginning of the 20th century was marked by the revival of the city. From the lips of the nationalists of Catalonia at this time there were demands to grant the province autonomy and freedom in cultural expression. In 1929, Barcelona again became the site of the World's Fair. During the Spanish Civil War, Republicans settled in the city. At the beginning of 1939 it was captured by supporters of the dictator Franco. In the 40s. repressions took place here. Once again, the Catalan language was banned.

In the 70s. of the last century, the Franco dictatorship fell as a result of the strongest protest movements throughout the country. Barcelona got big cultural center and a prosperous city. On the Iberian Peninsula, it was the second most important settlement with its own unique atmosphere. Barcelona attracted tourists. The local authorities began to revive the Catalan language again. Although there was a massive immigration of Castilians from the province, the Catalan language gradually returned to the daily life of the region.

In 1992, the Summer Olympics took place here. At the time, the IOC was headed by Juan Samaranch, who was born in Barcelona. In 2004, participants gathered in the city

World Cultural Forum, which lasted almost five months.

Barcelona (Spain) is the most detailed information about the city with a photo. The main attractions of Barcelona with descriptions, guides and maps.

Barcelona city

Barcelona is a city in the north-east of Spain, the capital of Catalonia. It is the largest metropolis on the Mediterranean coast with a population of over one and a half million people and the second largest in the country. Barcelona is a vibrant seaside town and port with great cultural and historical heritage, unique atmosphere and charming architecture. The center of Catalonia attracts with its mild climate and relaxed lifestyle, surreal buildings - masterpieces of Gaudí, beaches and the sea, delicious food and entertainment for every taste.

Barcelona's attractions span almost 2,000 years of history and include: the medieval old town, a unique street grid that reflects 19th century urban planning trends, and many interesting, unusual and even slightly fabulous structures, of which Antoni Gaudí's architectural delights stand out. On the streets of the capital of Catalonia, you can easily find ancient rarities of the Roman past, medieval quarters and cathedrals, sculptural and architectural masterpieces of modernism and modernity. Barcelona is the city where Pablo Picasso and Joan Miró drew inspiration, where you can wander aimlessly through its streets, bumping into charming corners, listening to street musicians or having a good time in cozy cafes.

Districts:

• Ciutat Vella (Old Town) is the oldest part of Barcelona, ​​a central area right on the Mediterranean coast. This is the main attraction, where most of the city's historical sights are concentrated.
• Eixample - modernist quarter, squares of buildings and street geometry.
• Gràcia - located in the northern part of Barcelona. This once separate city (founded in the 17th century) was annexed to the capital of Catalonia in the 20th century.
• Sants-Montjuïc is the southern outskirts of the city. The port is located here.
• Sant Martí is the eastern outskirts of the city.
• Inland Suburbs - suburbs. The famous Camp Nou stadium and the highest point in Barcelona are located here.

Geography and climate

Barcelona is located on the Iberian Peninsula on the Mediterranean coast, 120 km from the border with France. From the south, the city is bounded by the Collserola mountains and the Llobregat river, and from the north by the Besos river. The highest point is Tibidabo. The city itself lies on five hills that give the name to the urban areas.

The climate is Mediterranean, with dry and humid summers and warm and dry winters. The hottest period is July and August. The coldest is January. Although even in winter the average temperature is about +10 degrees.

Practical information

1. Population - 1.62 million people.
2. The area is 101.4 square kilometers.
3. Language - Spanish and Catalan (or Catalan).
4. Currency - Euro.
5. Visa - Schengen.
6. Time - Central European UTC +1, in summer +2.
7. 62% of Barcelona's residents are Catalans.
8. 50% of the population is Catholic.
9. Avoid walking alone in the El Raval and La Rambla areas late at night.
10. Credit cards are accepted in most hotels, shops and restaurants.
11. Tip, if you liked the service, it is customary to leave 3-5% of the bill.
12. Tourist offices are located at the following addresses: Plaça Sant Jaume, Plaza Catalunya, Estació de Sant and in the center of the Gothic quarter Collegi d "Arquitectes de Catalunya.
13. VAT is 21%. Tax free can be returned from a purchase of 90 euros.
14. Smoking in public places is prohibited.
15. Holidays: January 1 - New Year, January 6 - Three Kings Day, Good Friday and Easter, May 1 - World Labor Day, June 24 - St. John the Baptist, August 15 - Dormition of the Virgin, September 11 - a national holiday in Catalonia, October 12 - a national holiday in Spain, November 1 - All Saints Day, December 6 - Constitution Day, December 25 and 26 - Christmas.
16. Barcelona has a metro network of 11 lines. Also public transport includes buses and trams. The hills of Montjuïc and Tibidabo can be reached by funicular.
17. V public transport there is a single ticket. The cost of one trip is 2.2 euros. Tickets can be bought on buses and at metro stations.

Best time to visit

The highest tourist season is July and August. At this time, the city was given over to "being torn apart" by tourists. Locals mostly leave the city. Some restaurants and shops are closed, and hotel prices are "biting". The most comfortable time to visit Barcelona is during the off-season. At this time, it is warm here, but not hot. You can come to the capital of Catalonia in winter. During this period, there are few tourists here, it is quite warm and dry.

Story

There are several legends about the foundation of the city. One of them attributes the founding of Barcelona to the legend of myths - Hercules, the other - to the Carthaginians. It is known for certain that Iberians lived here. Their city was conquered by the Romans in the 2nd century BC. The Romans built a fortification here, the center of which was located near St. Jacob. Due to its location and access to the sea, the city grew, became rich and fortified until it was conquered by the Visigoths in the 5th century. Interestingly, the remains of ancient Roman fortifications and structures can still be found on the streets of Barcelona.

After the conquest by the Visigoths, the capital of their kingdom was located here for some time. At the beginning of the 6th century, in the vicinity of Barcelona, ​​a battle took place between the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths, in which the latter were defeated. In the 8th century, the Berbers took over Barcelona. At the very beginning of the 9th century, the city was conquered by the son of Charlemagne and made it the capital of the Spanish mark. At the end of the 10th century, after the raid of Al-Mansur, the Carolingians lost control of the capital of Catalonia, which gained independence.

In the 12th century, Catalonia merged with Valencia to form the Kingdom of Aragon, which lasted until the 15th century. In the 1410th century, control of the city passed to the Castilian dynasty. In the second half of the 17th century, after the fall of the Catalan Republic, Barcelona was plundered. At the beginning of the 18th century, Catalonia was conquered by Spain, in which it remains to this day. The 19th century saw an industrial boom in Barcelona that fueled the growth of the city. In the 20th century, the capital of Catalonia turns into one of the most important and largest cities in Spain. Despite this, historically, the region has strong nationalist sentiments and tendencies towards political autonomy.

How to get there

international Airport Barcelona is one of the largest in Europe. It is located about 12 km from the city and consists of two terminals. Terminal T1 is new and hosts a number of major international and European airlines. Terminal T2, which is mainly intended for small carriers and charters. You can get from the airport to the center of Barcelona (Plaza Catalunya) by bus A1 (from T1) and A2 (from T2). The journey will take 30 minutes. Buses run from 5.30 am to 1.00 am. More cheap option- bus 46, which serves both terminals and goes to the stop in Plaza de España. The airport is also connected to the city by the metro (line 9) and the natural train line.

Barcelona has a developed railway connection with Nice, Paris, Marseille, Milan, Zurich, Madrid and other European cities. Bus service is available with most major cities Spain and European countries incl. London, Amsterdam, Cologne, Brussels, Paris, etc. Barcelona can be reached by sea from Rome, Sardinia, Genoa, Livorno, Algeria.

Shopping and shopping

Barcelona is one of the main shopping centers in Spain. There are over 30,000 stores in the Catalan capital. The main shopping street is the pedestrianized Las Rambla. Most shops and malls are closed on Sundays. The huge La Boqueria located in Ciutat Vella stands out from the markets. The most fashionable shops and boutiques are located in the same area. Souvenirs can be bought in the Gothic Quarter and Las Rambla.

Food and drink

Catalans pride themselves on their cuisine, but in order to find a good and inexpensive establishment, we recommend that you turn from hiking trails... Traditional Basque cuisine is widespread in Barcelona, ​​as well as Spanish and Italian. Catalan cuisine is a variety of Mediterranean cuisine that includes soups, salads, meats, fish and seafood. Their traditional dishes are paella, pa amb tomėquet (bread with tomatoes), ham, anchovy sandwich (anchoas de L "Escala), squid ink risotto (Arros negre), garlic pasta (El allioli), grilled sausages with beans (La butifarra), black pudding beans (Las habas a la catalana), canneloni (Los canelones) .Besides, Catalonia makes excellent wine!

The best restaurants with traditional cuisine are:

• Can Pineda - Carrer de Sant Joan de Malta, 55
• Ca l "Isidre - C / Flors, 12
• Petit Comitè - Passatge de la Concepció, 13
• Can Vallès - Aragó, 95
• Òsties Pedrín - Jerusalem 30
• Bar Angel - Ocata, 2 bis
• El Sortidor de la Filomena Pagès

Barcelona is famous for its nightlife... Almost every area of ​​the city has its own bars and clubs. But the main place of concentration of such establishments is the port area.

sights

The main attractions of Barcelona are concentrated in the following districts: the Old Town (Ciutat Vella), the Eixample and the port with the hill of Montjuïc. The old town is the oldest part of the Catalan capital. Here you can find evidence of more than two thousand years of history of the city: from the ancient Roman period to the Middle Ages. The port and hill of Montjuïc is the seaside part of the Catalan capital with a shipyard and a large park. Eixample is a new city designed in the 19th century.

The old town is the historical core of Barcelona, ​​with an area of ​​about 500 hectares. Until the middle of the 19th century, it was surrounded by fortress walls. A fragment of the original city fortifications can be found at the medieval shipyard, within the walls of which is located maritime museum... The region consists of four parts.

The central part of the old town is the Gothic Quarter. It has been the center of the city since Roman times. Here you can see the ruins of Roman buildings and plunge into the labyrinth of narrow medieval streets. In the Gothic Quarter, you can discover charming atmospheric places and picturesque quiet squares, animated by the emotions of people and the sounds of guitars, and in quaint courtyards you can sit in small pretty cafes with terraces.

The main attractions of the Gothic Quarter:

• Cathedral of st. Cross and St. Eulampia - Barcelona Cathedral, founded in the 13th century, a gothic masterpiece. The cathedral was built over 6 centuries. The temple building was built on the site of an early Christian church destroyed by Al-Mansour. Only the baptistery has survived from the ancient building. The main façade and bell tower were completely finished in the late 19th century in a neo-gothic style. Inside, the cathedral is very impressive: from the magnificent choir and pulpit to the crypt where the relics of St. Eulampia.
• Santa Maria del Pi is a beautiful Gothic basilica from the 14th century. The vaulted ceiling is one of the highest in Spain and the four stained glass windows are original (by Josep Ravella). The cathedral has a high 54-meter tower, which is the tallest medieval structure in the Old Town.
• The Town Hall is a building in the Place Sant Jaume, founded in the 14th century. Located on the site of the ancient Roman Forum. The town hall has a neoclassical façade, hiding its Gothic past.
• Barcino is a sculptural composition of 7 giant letters, located opposite the Roman wall. Depicts the ancient name of the capital of Catalonia.
• The Church of San Felip Neri is a small religious structure hidden in a small square with a romantic atmosphere.
• The Roman wall and the ancient aqueduct (Casa de l "Ardiaca) adjoin the Plaza Nova, which has been the seat of an ecclesiastical diocese since the 12th century.
• Sant Just and Pastor - considered oldest church Barcelona. It was founded in the 9th century after the Frankish conquest. From Romanesque and gothic church Unfortunately, there is practically nothing left.
• Ramón Berenguer el Gran Square and Laietana Street are a section of the Roman wall with the Gothic chapel of Santa Agata. This area is a stately mixture of two different eras: Roman and Medieval. Initially, the fortifications of the city had 74 towers. The walls were 16 meters high. The Royal Chapel of Santa Agata was built in the 14th century.
• Plaza del Rey is one of the most charming squares in Barcelona, ​​a true Gothic ensemble. Here lies the majestic Royal Palace, which was the seat of the rulers of Catalonia from the 13th to the 15th century, and the watchtower of King Martí.

La Rambla is the famous pedestrian boulevard that divides history Center into two parts. This is the busiest street in Barcelona. It was founded in the 18th century following the contours of the medieval walls.

La Rambla is home to impressive historic buildings, many shops, Barcelona's greatest theater and the impressive Boqueria market.

La Ribera is a charming neighborhood that bohemians have come to love. In the past, the richest inhabitants of Barcelona lived here. Now museums are located here, art galleries, restaurants and wine bars.

Port Vell is a medieval dockyard and port. The starting point for pleasure craft is located here. The red-brick building Palau de Mar houses one of the most interesting museums Barcelona - Museum of the History of Catalonia.

The citadel park was built in the 19th century on the site of a military fortress for the world exhibition.

The Sagrada Familia (Cathedral of the Holy Family) is a symbol of Barcelona and a Gaudi masterpiece, an impressive basilica and one of the most unusual churches in Europe. Included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. It is one of the most famous long-term construction projects in Europe. The church was started by Gaudí at the end of the 19th century, but has not been completed until now.

Located in the northern part of Barcelona in the Eixample district. The Sagrada Familia is a fine example of surreal art nouveau architecture. During the construction, Antonio Gaudi did not have a clear idea and project. He changed the appearance of the basilica during the work. The famous Catalan architect planned to complete the work in 10-15 years.

Park Guell is another landmark of Barcelona. This fun and colorful park was created by Gaudí and is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Viaducts, grottoes, a colonnaded hall, winding staircases and other charming places are scattered throughout the space. These creative structures are adorned with multicolored ceramic pieces. From the terrace of the park opens beautiful view to the city and the sea. Gaudi himself was very fond of the area. His house was also located here.

Casa Mila is an avant-garde residential building in the Eixample district, built at the beginning of the 20th century. It is the most famous secular building of Gaudí and is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Each line of the façade of this striking natural stone building is curved, with rounded windows and metal balconies curling in the shape of plants. Even the roof has a wavy shape, complemented by decorative chimneys.

Casa Batlló is another Gaudi masterpiece and one of the most beautiful buildings Barcelona. It is a wonderful example of modernist architecture and is included in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The fantastic mansion was designed as a private residence for the large textile worker Josep Batlló. With free-swinging shapes and a decorative façade, this fabulous building looks like a castle from a surreal fairy tale. Most of the details of his design completely deviate from any architectural trends.

Montjuic is a hill near the port with the largest park in Barcelona - Tibidabo and the old Jewish cemetery. V beautiful palace located national Art Museum Catalonia with art collections from the 10th to the 20th century.

Monestir de Pedralbes is a 14th century monastery, a fine example of Catalan Gothic. Located in a picturesque small park. The monastery museum houses a splendid collection of medieval art from the 14th century.

Camp Nou is one of the greatest football stadiums in the world and the home arena of FC Barcelona.

It is a beautiful, unusual and one of the most popular tourist cities in the world. It occupies part of the Mediterranean coast. The capital of Catalonia is located in the southern part of Spain and has geographic coordinates of 2 ° 11'00 "east longitude and 41 ° 23'00" north latitude.

Location of Barcelona on the map

On the map of the European continent, the city is located in its southwestern part. France is located 120 km from Barcelona.

On the map of Spain, the capital of Catalonia occupies the southern part. Malaga is located 990 km from it, - 623 km, and - 351 km.

Urban areas

The city administratively consists of 10 districts, of which the most visited by tourists are three - Montjuïc with the hill of the same name, Eixample with the main architectural masterpieces Gaudí and the historic center of Barcelona - Old Town with the Gothic Quarter.

Interactive city map

The interactive city map has civil and tourist sites- cafes, restaurants, attractions, museums, hotels, squares, streets, etc. It can increase and decrease.

City map with landmarks

The capital of Catalonia is filled with amazing historical and architectural sites - the Gothic Quarter, the houses of Mila and Batlló with bizarre shapes, the Picasso and Miró museums, the Montjuïc tower and fortress on the mountain of the same name, the art museum, the singing fountains, the unusual Sagrada Familia, the famous Parc Guell and many others. Barcelona.city-tour.com has a map showing all of the city's most famous landmarks. You can also order there bus tour in Barcelona.

Subway map

You can take many hours of walking around the capital of Catalonia, but to explore all its attractions, you will need the metro, which is inexpensive, fast and convenient public transport. Many of the city's famous landmarks are located near metro stations. From Monday to Thursday, it operates from 5 am to midnight, on Fridays until 2 am, and on Saturdays until Sunday morning. On holidays, the metro can operate in different ways. In this case, the schedule must be specified separately. Ticket for 45 minutes the metro ride costs 2.15 euros. It can also be used to travel on any other public transport in Barcelona. The metro map of the Catalan capital can be carefully examined on its official website www.tmb.cat.

Airports

Barcelona has 3 airports. Reus is 105 kilometers, Girona is 95 kilometers and El Prat is 15 kilometers. The latter is the largest and busiest Catalan airport. It receives 20 million passengers annually. The airport is equipped with two terminals - T1 serves domestic and international flights, and T2 are low-cost airlines. A map of El Prat can be viewed on the portal www.barcelona-airport.com.