A rather secluded, but long-mastered resort, where practically everything is available for successful treatment: healing mud, mineral water, gentle sea, golden sand, dry and hot climate, rich medical experience and modern technology. Here they treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, circulatory organs, chronic diseases of the kidneys, biliary tract, diabetes mellitus.
For car tourism and recreation, wonderful conditions on the huge Golden Beach to the east of the city. There are many recreation centers, campgrounds, private hotels and summer cottages.
& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp History
& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp Translated from Greek "Theodosia" means "Gift of the Gods." This is how the ancient Greeks from Miletus appreciated this corner of the earth on the shores of an excellent bay when they founded their trading post here. This happened in the VI century. BC NS.
& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp There is no indication of the exact year. Feodosia is older than London, Berlin, Paris, Madrid and many other European cities. The Pontic king Mithridates IV Eupator built a fleet here to fight the Roman Empire.
& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp The Golden Horde Khan Jenibek became the "hero" of the Middle Ages. In 1347, he pelted the besieged city from catapults with the corpses of his warriors who had died of the plague. The Genoese, who then owned the city, fled to Europe and caused an epidemic that claimed 75 million people. - a quarter of the then European population.
& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbspThe city was one of the centers of the Great Silk Road. The famous Russian traveler Afanasy Nikitin in his "Walking Beyond Three Seas".
The legendary Ukrainian woman Roksolana, who became the wife of the Turkish Sultan and one of the most influential women in history, was sold in the local slave market.
& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbspThe hero of capitalism can be called the local tobacco manufacturer Stamboli, whose luxurious dacha still testifies not only to his wealth, but also to his excellent taste.
& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbspYoung Hero of the Great Patriotic War 13-year-old Vitya Korobkov was shot by the Nazis as a scout of a partisan detachment in 1942.
& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp Climate, beaches and sea
& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp The swimming season for adults lasts from 23 May to 15 October, for children from 22 June to 3 September. So it's quieter here than on the South Coast.
& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbspУ Feodosia The main ridge of the Crimean mountains is completely disappearing, the climate is devoid of even a hint of subtropics, but 15 km of a wide sandy beach made of rubbed shells, a gentle bottom, rare storms and stable sunny city weather - all this makes great place family vacation... They always come here first of all for treatment. Adults and children. They return from year to year to the same sanatoriums, to the same kind, caring friends - doctors and nannies. In general, no one really wants to stand out or impress strangers, because everyone is seriously concerned with their own health.
& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp Transport
& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbspThere is a train "Moscow - Feodosia" in Feodosia, and from the capital of Crimea you can get to the resort in 3 - 3.5 hours by bus or "minibus", by car in 2.5 hours. And you can also travel to Feodosia by sea - by boat from Yalta or Alushta.
& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp public transport- "minibuses", in addition - a taxi.
& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp Where to rest
& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp There are enough attractions in Feodosia - after all, the city has changed the 26th century. They are located quite compactly. On Galereynaya Street there is the Art Gallery named after I.K.Aivazovsky (house 2) and the A. Green Museum (house 10), on Lenin Street - the Mufti-Jami Mosque (1623) and the Armenian Church of Sergius (Sarkis) of the 15th century. - there is a collection of stone slabs - a lapidarium, in which Genoese, Armenian and Turkic monuments are exhibited. In the Seaside Park, with the fountain of IK Aivazovsky (built in 1888 according to the project and at the expense of the great marine painter), there is a tower of Constantine (1382-1448) - one of the many that remained in the city after the Genoese rule. The main core of Genoese and Armenian monuments has been preserved in the southern part of the city, in the so-called Quarantine. These are the towers of Crisco and Clementine VI, Nameless and Dock; churches of the XIV century: Stephen, Gregory, John the Baptist, John the Theologian.
& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp The oldest in Ukraine, it was founded in 1811 by the then mayor of Feodosia S.M. Bronevsky as a museum of antiquities. It was located in a Tatar mosque. Later it was transferred to a new building, specially built on the top of the Mithridates hill according to the project of IK Aivazovsky, and in 1988 - to the present room of a modern style. The museum constantly operates departments: primitive time, antique, medieval, World War II, ethnographic, nature ...
& nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbsp & nbspIn 1990 the Hang Gliding Museum was opened.
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In the southeast of the Crimean peninsula, there is an ancient city that became the border between the steppe and mountainous zones of Crimea. - one of the oldest Crimean settlements, a large resort and port city.
Due to the combination of mountain and steppe zones, the climate here is colder than in other cities on the southern coast. In the middle of summer, the average temperature is + 27 ° C, in winter - 0 ° C. The swimming season starts in May and lasts until mid-October. Especially attractive for a holiday in Feodosia the Velvet season (early-mid-autumn) when the intense heat subsides.
Historical reference.
The city got its name from its amazing climate and favorable location. The Greek merchants who came here called the settlement Feodosia, which in Greek means "Given by god"... Later, the Genoese erected here, which became one of the most important Black Sea ports.
Turkish rule lasted until 1774, when Crimea became part of the Russian Empire. From this moment, an active "revival" of Feodosia begins: a branch of the railway is being built, the port is being modernized.
After the Great Patriotic War, industry developed in the city, funds were allocated for the creation of a system of sanatorium and resort institutions.
Today Feodosia is a health resort of national importance, a major resort and an important "sea" artery of the country.
Rest in Feodosia- it is not only beaches and wellness procedures, but also visits to historical sites. The city has many natural and cultural monuments, the most visited are:
- ... The southern part of the citadel with two towers and a tower in different parts cities. It's better to stock up for an excursion drinking water, hats and comfortable shoes - it can be quite hot in the ruins in the open area.
- Reserve "Kara-Dag"... It is a volcanic massif, on the slopes of which more than 250 rare animals and plants live. There are two ways to visit the reserve: on a guided walking tour or during a boat trip.
- Dacha-palace of Stamboli... An elegant palace surrounded by a spacious winter garden... Made in Moorish style. Today it houses a restaurant and hotel complex of the same name.
- ... Memorial house, which will tell about the life of the famous novelist and his heroes. It is better to specify the time of visit in advance - various creative meetings are often held in the museum.
- ... The gallery houses the largest collection of the artist's works in Russia.
- ... An architectural monument built in the tradition of Ottoman architecture.
There are more than 10 beaches along the coastline. The most famous are:
- Children's. Sand beach. Due to the smooth descent and shallow water, it is considered the most attractive for families with children. The entrance is paid, there are a lot of water attractions, cafes and retail outlets.
- ... The sand on the beach has an unusual pink and pearlescent hue. The bottom is soft and even. The entrance to the beach area is free, there is a rental of umbrellas and sun loungers.
- Golden beach with soft "golden" sand. Equipped with umbrellas and sun loungers. One of the most popular beaches, so it is very crowded during the season.
- ... Free beach with fine and soft sand. Work water attractions, mini massage parlor.
- ... Free sandy beach with the possibility of renting sun loungers and umbrellas. For vacationers, there are a lot of water attractions.
- ... A very popular pebble beach. There is an entertainment complex "Africa" on the territory.
- ... Huge selection of rooms from "Economy" to "Suite". Most of the hotels are located within a 5-10 minute walk to the sea. In addition to the basic set, there are "exotic" options: hotels with their own water park, large swimming pools and unique architecture.
- ... Mini-hotels with conditions as close as possible to home. Usually, guest houses designed for 5-10 rooms, equipped with parking for cars and spacious terraces.
- ... Many options for apartments or rooms. Most of the tenants offer apartments equipped with everything you need: furniture, household appliances.
When choosing accommodation, it is important to remember that it is a popular resort, so it is better to book in advance.
How to get to Feodosia?
You can get to the city in several ways:
- By train. Direct flights run from almost all major cities, v Feodosia has its own train station.
- By bus. V summer time mass acting bus tours, for example, from Moscow to Feodosia.
- By plane. The nearest airport is, so you will have to get there with a transfer. Buses run regularly from Simferopol, you can order a taxi.
- For exotic lovers, you can get by sea by boat from.
THEODOSIA (translated from Greek "given by God") (from the 2nd half of the 13th century - KAFA (Kaffa), renamed in 1783), a city in the Crimea, a port on the Black Sea. Railroad station... 85.6 thousand inhabitants (1991). Seaside climatic and balneo-mud resort. Food flavoring, building materials, metalworking industry; furniture, offset factories, etc. I.K.Aivazovsky, literary-memorial museum of A.S. Green. Founded in the 6th century. BC NS. Remains of a fortress from the 14th-15th centuries, the Mufti-Jami mosque (17th century). Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree (1982). Theodosia was founded more than 2530 years ago by the Greeks from Miletus. Thus, on the territory of the ex-USSR, the peers of the city can be counted on one hand. For many centuries the sea has determined the fate of the city, being the basis of its life and growth. The sea here "... wonderful, blue and gentle ... on its shore you can live 1000 years and not get bored," wrote AP Chekhov about Feodosia. That is why Aivazovsky chose this place for life. Not only the sea is the decoration of Feodosia, there is a good microclimate. The sun illuminates this corner almost all year round - 2272 hours of solar radiation per year! This is much more than others get. southern resorts... Feodosia has wonderful air: dry, clean, it is very easy to breathe here, there are no fogs at all. Occasionally, on the quietest and hottest days, suddenly the sky is covered with clouds, and a rapid downpour falls on the city. These showers are often accompanied by severe thunderstorms. Feodosia, rest in Crimea Samo geographical position Feodosia largely determined its historical fate. The city was founded by Greek merchants who founded here in the 6th century BC on the site of an already existing settlement a trading colony, calling it Theodosia (translation from Greek "given by God"). At the end of the XIII century, Feodosia became the possession of the Italian trading city of Genoa. The Genoese called it Kafa, turned it into a mighty fortress, surrounded by walls, ditches and towers, the ruins of which have survived to this day. Kafa was famous for its port, through which trade routes went to the West and East. The city minted its own coin. At the end of the 15th century, Kafa was captured by the Turks. For more than a thousand years, the city enjoyed a somber reputation as a center for the slave trade. At the end of the 18th century, the city was returned to its ancient name - Feodosia. Those who wish to see Feodosia and its surroundings from a bird's eye view usually climb to the top of Mount Mithridates, located in the southeastern part of the city. From here, Feodosia seems like a large model that you can study for hours and find new interesting details in it. The city is amphitheatrically located at the foot of the mountains on the coast of the bay and on the slopes of the Tepe-Oba hill, which covers it from the southeast. This hill completes the main ridge of the Crimean Mountains in the east. On the west side it closes separately standing mountain Bald. Under the mountain below, stretched out at our feet Old city... Here, the entire space is built up and the new almost does not break through the old. The old part is a kind of architectural and historical museum with characteristic features of the Middle Ages. From the eastern side, you can see the remains of massive defensive walls and towers, an ancient bridge over the moat. The thick stone walls of the quarantine, built in the last century to receive Muslim pilgrims from Russia through the port of Feodosia to Mecca and Medina, have survived. On Quarantine Hill in the 5th century BC was the center ancient city... Among the medieval monuments, the mosque with the remains of a minaret, built in 1623, attracts attention. In the old part of the city, half of the corner wall of the tower of St. Constantine. It occupied a special place in the system of strengthening the city. This tower was once a castle and an arsenal. It kept weapons and ammunition in case of war. There are Armenian temples built in the XIV-XV centuries in the city. The core of Feodosia - the so-called new part - occupies the eastern half of the city. It grew up after the railroad was held in Feodosia at the end of the last century. This is the busiest part of the city. Its center is the seaside boulevard. This is a place for evening walks, a place for meetings and dates. Nearby, at the foot of a huge Genoese fortress, is the city garden. In the park, there is a bronze monument to Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. The poet visited Feodosia in August 1820. From here he went by sea to Gurzuf. The sculptor depicted Pushkin in full growth. The poet's gaze is turned to the sea, the beauty and grandeur of which so captivated him during his trip to the Crimea. In every city there is a place that enjoys a special love of the inhabitants, which they are proud of. In Feodosia, this is Aivazovsky's art gallery. Its facade is decorated with two memorial plaques: "Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky lived and worked in this house" and "My sincere wish that the building of my art gallery in the city of Feodosia with all the paintings, statues and other works of art in this gallery would be full property of the city of Feodosia, and I will bequeath the memory of me, Aivazovsky, to the city of Feodosia, my hometown. " At the facade of the gallery - bronze figure an artist sitting on a pedestal with a palette and a brush in his hands and gazing intently into the sea. Below, at his feet, there is an extremely laconic inscription "Theodosius-Aivazovsky". A lover of literature will certainly visit Galereinaya Street in house number 10, where the literary-memorial museum of Alexander Stepanovich Green is located. The great romantic, favorite writer of youth A.S. Green lived in Feodosia for more than 6 years - from 1924 to 1930. This was the second stay of the writer in Feodosia. The first was in 1905. It did not bring him joy: he was brought here from Sevastopol as a political prisoner. In the Feodosia prison A.S. Green was in prison for revolutionary propaganda among the sailors. Feodosiya sea beach with fine, cleanly washed golden sand stretches for a dozen kilometers, almost along the entire coast of the bay of the same name in the direction of Kerch. In the center of the coast of the Feodosiya Gulf there is an urban-type settlement (urban-type settlement) Primorsky (originally it was called Dal'nye reeds, then South point... Total area: 734 hectares. Population: ~ 18 thousand people), in which Sandy shore The golden beach turns into pebble. It is convenient to lie on the sand here and it is pleasant to enter the sea along the velvet sandy bottom. It is smooth without potholes, stones, algae accumulations that interfere with swimming. Swimming is not dangerous for either a child or someone who cannot swim at all. Everyone finds their depth. The same sand shines through the greenish water with an emerald tint. You look down, as if deep into a thick light yellow glass. And at the edge of the horizon, the sea is calm and dark monochrome, sharply bordered by the sky, the same calm, the same monochrome, but whitish. And the waves are splashing on the shore in a friendly and joyful way, splashing everyone with cheerful splashes. Feodosia is also growing as a diversified resort. The mineral water "Feodosia" is widely used in its health resorts for the treatment of diseases of the digestive system. The source is located near the city at the foot of Mount Lysaya. The sunbathing season starts in May and ends in November. Special offers of the site Krym.ru: sale of real estate in Feodosia, rent of real estate in Feodosia, rest in Feodosia.
Basic moments
Feodosia is one of the oldest cities on the Black Sea coast. In the Middle Ages, it was called Kaffa. Trade flourished here, and there was the largest slave market in the region.
For several decades, the Crimean city has had the status of a climatic resort, and local health resorts welcome guests all year round. For sanatorium treatment in Feodosia come those who have problems with the respiratory system, digestive system, metabolic disorders, gynecological and urogenital diseases. Ionized help to get rid of ailments sea air, salt caves, healing silt mud, mineral waters, massage and other physiotherapeutic procedures.
Most travelers come to Feodosia during the swimming season, from late May to early October. Tourists are attracted by the developed infrastructure, the possibility of inexpensive accommodation in the private sector, good sandy beaches as well as many historical and natural attractions.
The beauty of Feodosia has long attracted representatives of creative professions. In the city you can visit art gallery them. I.K.Aivazovsky, Museum of Money, Museum of Hang Gliding, as well as memorial museums Alexander Green and sisters Marina and Anastasia Tsvetaev. The Feodosia Museum of Antiquities is considered one of the best specialized museums in Russia.
Not only are popular in Feodosia beach vacation and excursions. During the high tourist season the city hosts many colorful festivals dedicated to fish cuisine, unconventional fashion, winemaking, aeronautics, bicycles and jazz music. These holidays gather guests not only from other Crimean cities, but also from abroad.
History of Feodosia
The settlement on the shores of the bay was founded in the 6th century BC by colonists who came from the Greek city of Miletus. Later Theodosia became part of the powerful Bosporus kingdom, which was destroyed by the Huns in the 4th century AD.
In the following centuries, the city changed hands many times. At first, the Alans lived in it, then the Byzantine Empire began to control the coast, and behind it - the Khazars. Until the 13th century, the coastal settlement was small and was part of the Golden Horde, and at the beginning of the 14th century it was bought by the Genoese.
In those days, Theodosia was called Kaffa. The new owners managed to build a thriving port city, through which active trade between East and West was conducted. The largest slave market in the Black Sea existed in Kaffa. In addition to slaves, spices, gold and jewelry were traded here. By the 15th century, the Genoese coastal city had grown so large that it surpassed Constantinople in size. It had a multi-ethnic population, but most of all in Kaffa there were Armenians.
In 1475, the entire Crimean coast was captured by the Ottoman Turks, who made the city one of the main ports on the peninsula. At this time, it was often called Kucuk-Istanbul or Little Istanbul.
In the 1770s, the Russian Empire began to own the city, and it received the name "Feodosia". The settlement was small for over a century. Nose late XIX century, after the creation of an industrial port here and the emergence of a railway, the situation changed.
During the Great Patriotic War, Feodosia was under fascist occupation. In the city, about 8 thousand residents were shot, and as a result of heavy fighting, part of the houses and streets were badly destroyed. Today Feodosia is developing as a major port and a popular seaside resort.
Geographical location and climate
Feodosia stands on the shores of the spacious Feodosia Gulf. At the entrance to it, the sea depth reaches 28 m, and this is quite enough for large dry cargo ships and tankers to enter the port of Feodosia. The bay has its own circular current, so the water off the coast is constantly renewed and never dirty.
Feodosia is separated from the steppe expanses by the Tepe-Oba mountain range. Hills and ridges rise to a height of about 300 m and close the coast from strong winds. Due to this, the climate of the Crimean resort is not like the steppe, but more like the Mediterranean.
It is hot here in summer and almost never rains. In July and August, the average daily air temperatures are kept in the region of +26 ... + 28 ° С, and the water in the Black Sea warms up to +25 ... + 27 ° С. In winter, Feodosia is cooler than other Crimean resorts. There is snow for about three weeks, but constant snow cover does not happen every year, but only in the most severe winters.
The beaches of Feodosia
The beach strip in Feodosia and the surrounding area stretches for 17 km, and its width in some places reaches 200 m. One of the most popular is the kilometer-long beach "Kameshki", covered with a mixture of pebbles and sand. It has a width of 30-40 m and is well equipped for a comfortable stay. The beach has showers, toilets and storage rooms. You can rent sun loungers and umbrellas, rent pedal boats, catamarans and ride a banana boat.
On the promenade along the beach, there are many eateries, cafes and souvenir shops, entertainment centers "Africa" and Lunopark. Most tourists prefer to rest here, because on "Kameshki" there is a very shallow entrance to the water, and sea bottom- sandy.
There is also a historical landmark near the beach. In the sea, opposite the "Kameshki", the wreck of the sunken ship "Jean Jaures" is visible. It was blown up by an enemy mine during the Great Patriotic War in 1942, 850 m from the coast. The crash killed 40 people, sank many military equipment(cars and guns), but most of the sailors were rescued by the crews of the Kabardinets boat and the Gelendzhik minesweeper.
To the north of "Kameshki" there is a paid Children's Beach. It is 300 m long, up to 70 m wide and covered with sand. The entrance to the sea is very shallow, and in shallow water the sea water gets very hot, which is why parents with small children like to relax on this beach. And from the north of the Children's Beach there is beach area sanatorium of the Ministry of Defense.
Museums
The central place among other museum collections of the Crimean resort is occupied by the national art gallery, named after the famous marine painter Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (Ayvazyan). The artist was born and most spent his life in Feodosia. The first exhibitions of his paintings were organized in the city in the middle of the 19th century.
Today, more than 400 works by Aivazovsky are exhibited in two buildings of the gallery, as well as over 12 thousand paintings dedicated to the sea, which were painted by other artists. The gallery welcomes guests every day from 10.00 to 16.30, and in the summer from 9.00 to 20.00 (Galereynaya str., 2 and 4).
There is a house not far from the art gallery, which is hard to miss, since the facade of the building looks like a romantic brigantine (10 Galereynaya st.). This is a memorial and literary museum of the author of the famous story "Scarlet Sails" Alexander Grin. Here the writer lived for 5 years, from 1924 to 1929, and wrote "Running on the Waves", as well as several short stories. Inside, the brigantine house looks unusual. Instead of boring museum halls, it is divided into cabins and holds. In addition to the writer's personal belongings, the museum exhibits nautical compasses, a steering wheel, models sailing ships and the old maps with which the sailors went along the Black and Mediterranean seas... The Green Museum is open daily, except Mondays and Tuesdays, from 10:00 to 13:00 and from 14:00 to 18:00.
The memorial museum of Marina and Anastasia Tsvetaev appeared in Feodosia for a reason. Before the outbreak of the First World War, the sisters lived with their families in this city and loved it very much. The museum halls display the furnishings of the beginning of the last century, things and old photographs of the Tsvetaevs and their friends.
Money museums are open in several cities of Russia, however, the Feodosia numismatics collection is special. More than 30 thousand coins are kept here, the first of which were minted in the 7th century BC. Since ancient times, there have been mints on the territory of the coastal settlement - antique, Genoese, Crimean Tatar ... Researchers have counted 14 periods of minting in Feodosia. In the museum you can see coins and banknotes from 200 countries of the world, samples of plastic cards, as well as “cash” souvenirs and handicrafts. The Museum of Money is located at number 12 on Green Street (formerly Kuibyshev) and receives visitors seven days a week from 10.00 to 18.00.
The same building houses another museum collection dedicated to the history of Crimean hang gliding. Free flights from the Uzun-Syrt and Klement'eva mountains began to be carried out since the 1930s. The first Russian aviators, glider pilots, hang gliders and paragliders trained near Feodosia. Historical documents and photographs, models are exhibited in the halls of the museum. aircraft, a harness trainer and rare collectibles. The Museum of the History of Hang Gliding is open every day, except Monday, from 10:00 to 13:00 and from 14:00 to 17:00.
In house number 11 on Aivazovsky Avenue, there is a museum of local lore, which is more often called the "Museum of Antiquities". This is one of the oldest museums in Crimea, because the Feodosia collections were opened to visitors back in 1811. In the museum you can get acquainted with the nature of the Crimea, the geological features of the peninsula and the rich history of Feodosia. And in the open courtyard there are ancient tombstones, bowls for ablution and stone slabs with inscriptions. The Museum of Local Lore is open from 10.00 to 17.00, except Tuesday. From June to September, it works seven days a week.
The rocky cape of St. Elijah closes the spacious Feodosiya harbor, juts deep into the Black Sea, and from it you can clearly see all the coastal buildings. The way from the center of Feodosia to the extreme point of the cape takes only 10 minutes. Here, on the rocky shore, there is a local landmark - the high Ilyinsky lighthouse.
In ancient times, when the lighthouse was not yet there, the ships that skirted the cape often perished. Tragic shipwrecks were caused by strong winds and storms. Everyone understood that a signal fire was needed for sailors, however, time passed, and they could not find the money for the construction of the lighthouse.
In the 1890s, the family of State Councilor Rukavishnikov came to Feodosia for treatment. Their son was sick with tuberculosis, and his parents hoped that staying on the sunny peninsula would help him.
And so it happened. The boy recovered from the healing Crimean air and daily walks by the sea. His mother Evdokia Nikolaevna was so happy about the imminent recovery of her son that in 1899 she built a lighthouse on Ilyinsky Cape using her own funds. On it was installed the latest optical device for those times, made by Swedish craftsmen, and a sonorous signal bell was placed next to it.
During the Great Patriotic War, the building of the lighthouse was destroyed, but in the 1950s it was rebuilt. Nowadays, both tourists and residents of the city like to come to the Ilyinsky lighthouse, since near it you can make beautiful pictures rocky cliffs and the Feodosia coast.
Genoese fortress and towers
On the territory of the modern resort, several medieval buildings have been preserved, erected in the days when Feodosia was named Kaffa. The most significant of them is the old Genoese fortress on Port Street. It is located in the southern part of Feodosia, not far from the seashore and has the status of a historical and architectural reserve.
Defensive structures were built in the XIV century in order to protect the possessions of the Genoese Republic on the Crimean Peninsula. The citadel was considered one of the largest in Europe. It covered an area of 70 hectares and had a double ring stone walls, the height of which reached 11 m. In addition to the powerful walls, the fortress included more than 30 high towers and an earthen moat dug along the perimeter.
The Genoese citadel was built from limestone slabs, bonded with mortar. The quality of the masonry, made by medieval builders, turned out to be so high that the fortress withstood the test of time and has been perfectly preserved to this day.
Today you can see a half-kilometer fragment of the southern wall with the towers of Crisco and St. Clement, the remains of the moat, the pylons of the entrance gate and part of the western wall. And not far from the ancient citadel, several Armenian temples of the XIV century have been preserved, Turkish baths and an old single-arch Turkish bridge.
In different parts of Feodosia, there are several medieval towers, which in Genoese times were part of a common defensive line. In the east of the ancient city there is a rectangular two-tiered Dock Tower, which served sea gate medieval Kaffa and the port part that guarded it. On the eastern wall of the Dock Tower, you can see a stone slab on which the coats of arms of the Genoese consuls are carved.
If you walk about 0.5 km to the south from the ruins of the Genoese fortress, you can find yourself near the medieval tower of Giovani de Scaffa, built, like the main citadel, in the XIV century. In former times, the thickness of the walls of the round tower reached 2.5 m, and the garrison guarding it could take water from an underground well. The main building is still waiting for its researchers, and today it stands one-third covered with earth.
Another Genoese building is located 0.6 km east of the Giovani de Scaffa tower - Thomas Tower, which was used as an arsenal. Time did not spare the building, and only a semicircular base remained from it.
The northernmost tower of the medieval citadel is located near the seashore, not far from the city railway station Feodosia. In the second half of the 15th century, these lands were captured by the Ottoman Turks and they fortified the tower with a stone bastion. Three walls and an expressive jagged end have survived from the Tower of Constantine. The thickness of the masonry at the base of the tower is up to 2 m.
Fountains and old cottages
In the green Jubilee Park, near the Fedodosia railway station, in 2004, the "Good Genius" fountain was opened. It is dedicated to IK Aivazovsky, a native of Feodosia. At 110 meters from it, closer to the railway tracks, there is another fountain, built according to the project and financed by the artist himself. Beautiful architectural monument has an interesting history.
Century after century, the city grew, and the surrounding forests were cut down for construction needs. The thoughtless destruction of trees led to the fact that already from the middle of the 19th century, the inhabitants of Feodosia were constantly experiencing a shortage of drinking water. The problem was so acute that high-quality water had to be delivered from Sevastopol in barrels by sea.
Aivazovsky was born in Feodosia, and on the territory of his family estate there was a full-flowing Subashsky spring. In the fall of 1887, the artist decided to donate the water of the spring to the Feodosians. At his expense, a metal pipeline was built, through which 50 thousand buckets of water were supplied to an equipped fountain in the city center every day. The artist created the project of the fountain with his own hand.
In the northern part of Feodosia, on the long Aivazovsky Avenue, there are several old dachas built at the beginning of the last century in the Art Nouveau style. Today they have the status of historical and architectural monuments. Among other buildings, the beautiful architectural ensemble Stamboli Palace (house number 47). In the 1910s, the picturesque house was occupied by the Karaite family of Joseph Stamboli, who was involved in the development of the tobacco industry in the Feodosia region. During the Great Patriotic War, the Germans set up a hospital in the palace, where wounded soldiers were treated, and now there is a restaurant and hotel complex.
The house "Otrada" is located in the house number 29 on Aivazovsky Avenue. The Moorish-Spanish building was built in 1914 according to the project of the famous Crimean architect Nikolai Krasnov. "Joy" is good for its exquisite stucco molding, austere windows and columns with Ionic capitals.
Nearby, at number 33, there is the Milos cottage, made in the traditions of Greek architecture. In addition to the main building, in the old dacha you can see a light rotunda and an elegant fence. Today one of the buildings of the Voskhod sanatorium is located here. And another Feodosia sanatorium - "Volna" - today occupies the intricate buildings of the old summer cottages "Villa" (house number 35) and "Flora" (house number 37).
Zemskaya Street in FeodosiaThe nearest airport to Feodosia is located 120 km from the city, in Simferopol. It is a large international terminal that accepts regular flights from many cities of Russia and from abroad. From Simferopol airport to Feodosia on the P23 highway, you can come by taxi in one and a half to two hours. The road by regular buses "Simferopol - Kerch" and "Simferopol - Feodosia" or route taxis will take from 2 to 2.5 hours.
There are two ways to get to Feodosia by train through the territory of Russia. The first option: take a ticket on the direct train "Moscow - Feodosia", which reaches the Kerch Strait and is transported across the strait. This route is convenient because passengers do not need to get off, and the train is in place in 23.5-26 hours. The second option is to use the service of Russian Railways "Unified Ticket", that is, by train to get to Krasnodar or Anapa, and then by bus through Kerch Strait get to Feodosia.
From the Moscow metro station "Novoyasenevskaya" once a day there is a direct bus to Feodosia. From Moscow to resort town it arrives in 23-25 hours.
You can get to the Crimean resort by car through the territory of Ukraine and Russia. The first method is the shortest, but it involves crossing the border. The second option takes much more time and is laid along the M4 Don and P251 highways and through the ferry port Kavkaz - Krym port. A significant disadvantage of this route is the long queues for the ferry. From the ferry to the city, you need to drive another 120 km.
You can also sail to Feodosia by sea. Anapa and the Crimean city are connected by high-speed catamarans, which reach Feodosia in 3 hours.
The early names are Kefe, Kaffa and Ardabda, and these are only the most common. The city dates back to the 6th century BC, founded by the Greeks. Earlier periods are simply not explored, but one of the suggestions is that greek city was based on more ancient human remains, but there is no actual evidence yet.
The city of Feodosia is located in the southeast of the Crimea, from the southwest it is covered by the slopes of the Tebe-Oba ridge. The climate is steppe turning into subtropical.
Geographic coordinates of Feodosia on the map of Crimea GPS N 45.0488, E 35.3791
The population of the city is about 70 thousand people, over the past year has increased by 1.3%. The climate of Feodosia is sub-tropical turning into temperate.
The name of the city of Feodosia (Theodosia) translates as “God's gift”, the name of the city disappeared several times from the historical map, due to the transition of the city from the Greeks to the Genoese, the Ottomans. In 1804, already as part of the Russian Empire, the city was returned to its historical name, which we know to this day.
The area of the city is 36 km 2, the city is located in the sea area of the Feodosiya Gulf, the depth of the bay is from 20 to 30 meters and has a circular circulation of water, which is why the coastal waters are relatively clean and always suitable for swimming.
In addition to the tourist component of the city, the city is interesting for its port part, the depth of the bay is ideally designed for navigation, oil tankers enter the port without any problems, and therefore one of the largest oil bases in Crimea is located there.
In the current history, the city was given a new breath by the construction of a ferry across the Kerch Strait, the route will pass through Feodosia. Therefore, the hotel sector expects a new influx of visitors.
From Feodosia, several directions of movement to sea transport, these are excursions to Karadag or along the entire coast of the South Coast, or speed catamaran Sochi-1 and Sochi-2. Any of the above trips will provide an unforgettable experience.
Very well developed. The city is developed in all directions, recreation, tourism, medicine, bars, clubs and restaurants. You can stay in the city or in its coastal part in hotels, hotels and in the private sector, the offer of the latter in Feodosia is presented in abundance. Prices for accommodation in Feodosia are very democratic, although they will vary greatly from the level of service.
There are many shops in the city of Feodosia, but perhaps the most interface is the local markets. Almost all products grown in Crimea, vegetables and fruits, meat and milk, and much more are presented on the markets. The quality and taste of products, especially in the mountainous part of Crimea, will greatly delight you. Prices for products will be very different, in the course of the market, in the middle of the market and at the end, plus you can bargain for every penny.
In the summer season, there are many small shops with wine on tap throughout the city; it is not entirely desirable to buy wine in such places. If you want good wine, it is better to buy it in a glass bottle with an excise stamp, this 100% precaution will give you the opportunity to enjoy good wine without the consequences that could ruin your vacation in Crimea.
The city has about 6 squares and the same number of parks and squares, the embankment in Feodosia is one of the best in Crimea, and the beaches are famous not only in Crimea, but also beyond its borders.
Feodosia city in its history has more than 26 centuries, historical horizons cover most of the studied part of the history of mankind, Feodosia as a map of this history. Before World War II, there was a memorable place in the city at every step, but the consequences of the war destroyed or partially destroyed most of the sights. Heavy battles were fought by the Red Army in the Feodosia region and the consequences of these events can still be observed in the Genoese fortress.
City infrastructure
The city of Feodosia is included in the top ten obligatory programs. The centuries-old history and favorable climate make it one of the most interesting places on earth.
