We know from school that it is ancient, and its heroes are so old that Napoleon and Columbus, in comparison with them, seem to be our contemporaries. We also know that there is a crisis. We even see it on TV: crowds of demonstrators are not working, but protesting. They say, by the way, that the crisis occurs precisely where little work and a lot of demonstration. But such thoughts are incomprehensible to us.
Overcrowded taverns in the middle of the worker, cozy cafes, in general - the cult of food dominating the cult of work convinces: a crisis is not a revolution. And also 1.) tanned tourists say that Chalkidiki or Peloponnese are oases of tranquility. 2.) Realtors add that prices in popular areas are stable, since no crisis, thank Zeus, has yet turned the sea into concrete and the sun into the moon.
So decide: or believe the TV, with your skin feeling like your not yet bought house is being pulled apart, like the Parthenon, for souvenirs. Or to admit that the sellers who claim that the picture from Athens is not the whole of Greece is right.
However, you can choose the third option. Agree that although the carelessness of today's Greeks does not allow them to once again become a stronghold of world civilization, their very distant ancestors did everything so that the country, even thousands of years later, remains a place where you can earn, if not capital, then health and inspiration.
... from the directory "Residence Guide - 2012"
Geography and population
The official name of the country - Hellenic Republic... Located in the south of Europe, on Balkan Peninsula... It borders in the north with Albania, Macedonia and Bulgaria, in the north-east - with Turkey. Capital of Greece - Athens.
The relief of Greece is represented mainly by medium-high mountains. A few plains are located in the east of the main territory of the country and in the west of the Peloponnese peninsula. The territory of Greece is washed by three seas: in the east by the Aegean, in the west by the Ionian, in the south by the Mediterranean. The area of the country is 131,940 sq. km.
The climate of the southern regions of Greece is Mediterranean, with mild, humid winters and hot, dry summers. The average temperature in July is + 27–32 ° С, in January +10 ° С. In the north-east of the country, the climate is temperate, with fairly cold and humid winters and hot and dry summers. V mountainous areas- the climate of the so-called alpine type, with severe winters and short hot summers.
The population of Greece in 2009 was over 11 million (2008). The majority of the population (90%) are Greeks, Turks (1%), Albanians, Macedonians, Serbs, etc. The official language is Greek.
In the religious composition, the absolute majority are adherents of the Hellas (Greek) Orthodox Church.
Greece currency - Euro... Time lags behind Moscow by one hour in summer and two hours in winter (UTC +2).
What is Greece famous for?
Cheese for the Greeks, this is not just a food product, it is a national pride. Each region of the country has its own special recipes for its preparation. In total, there are at least five dozen varieties. The most popular of them is Feta.
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Verses in the National Anthem of Greece. True, usually only the first four are sung.
Really major cities- megacities - there are only two in Greece. These are Athens and Thessaloniki. Basically, the Greeks live in small towns and villages. Their apartment buildings are not high, usually up to five floors, there are many private villas ... If you see a high-rise standing out against the general background, you should know - a hotel.
Rhodes
This island in the Aegean Sea is visited by over a million tourists every year. That is 10 times more than there are local residents. In its eponymous capital once stood one of the "seven wonders of the world" - giant statue the ancient Greek sun god - Colossus of Rhodes. They say that this monument destroyed by an earthquake was so huge that a rare person could clasp the thumb on the hand of a bronze statue with both hands.
Athos
On one of the "fingers" of the Halkidiki peninsula is located the world's only monastic Orthodox state - Athos. This is a special unit within Greece, a community of 20 monasteries (including a Russian one), which is directly subordinate to the Ecumenical Patriarch. However, visiting this UNESCO World Heritage Site is not easy: men will need a separate visa, and women are not allowed there at all, under any pretext.
In construction athens metro archaeologists took part. Still would! The Greek land is literally crammed with historical monuments. Laying subway lines, they now and then found traces of bygone civilizations - columns, jugs and even skeletons of Socrates' contemporaries. The finds were left in the same place, in the subway, under glass. So today the Athenian subway is not only a transport artery, but also a museum.
Greeks love coffee... It is drunk almost always, very strong, without milk, served in tiny cups along with a glass of water. And they love cafes too. They spend a lot of time in the latter: they read the newspapers, discuss the news and are in no hurry to go home.
Many dishes Greek cuisine there is one thing in common - the abundance olive oil and all kinds of spices. In large restaurants, menus are offered in several languages, and in small ones they are often allowed to go into the kitchen and choose the dish that is being prepared.
In Greece, or to be more precise, on the island of Skiathos in the Aegean Sea there is the best nudist beach on the planet - Little banana... This is the conclusion reached by analysts of the TripAdvisor portal, having surveyed experienced travelers from all over the world.
How to get there
You can get to Greece from Russia by any type of transport - air, land or sea. Air travel is the fastest and most comfortable way. There are more than 50 airports in Greece, the largest are located in Athens, Thessaloniki, on the islands of Rhodes and Corfu. The flight Moscow-Athens takes 3.5 hours. The flights are operated by Olympic Airways, Aeroflot and others. Regular and charter flights are operated from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk and others.
If you want to get by land, you can use the train. For example, choose the route Moscow - Belgrade with a trailer car to the city of Thessaloniki, travel time - 63 hours. The train runs only during the holiday season. It is also possible to get there by bus or car. The distance between Moscow and Athens is 3,180 km.
Visa to Greece is Schengen. Detailed information you can get from articles and.
REFERENCE
Political structure of Greece
Greece is a parliamentary republic. The head of state is the president, who is elected for a five-year term. Executive power is exercised by the government, consisting of the prime minister and ministers. A unicameral Parliament, elected for four years, exercises legislative power.
Greece is a member of the following international unions and organizations: NATO (since 1952), OECD (since 1961), EU (1981), UN (since 1992), WTO (since 1995), etc.
The administrative-territorial divisions of Greece are 13 districts, divided into 54 nomes.
Economy of Greece
Greece is an industrial and agricultural country. The most developed are light and food industries. Metallurgical, machine-building (production sea vessels), petrochemical industry, production of building materials. Fisheries play an important role in the economy. Agriculture is dominated by the cultivation of cotton, tobacco, olives, wheat, corn, sugar beets, citrus crops. 15% of the gross domestic product comes from tourism.
The largest companies in Greece are: Attica Holdings (shipping), Chipita, Vivartia (food processing), Intracom Telecom (telecommunications equipment), Hellenic Fabrics s.a. (clothing), CHAMBRE HELLAS S.A., Flax (cosmetics).
If you intend to start your own business in this country, read the section.
Public Holidays (Weekends)
January 1 - New Year
January 6 - Epiphany (Epiphany)
March 25 - Greek Independence Day
One day from April 4 to May 8 - Easter
May 1 - Labor Day
August 15 - Day of the Assumption of the Mother of God
October 28 - Day of "Okhi" (from Greek - "no", the holiday is dedicated to the memory of the Italian occupation of the country during the Second World War)
December 25 - Christmas
History of Greece
The territory of Greece has been inhabited since ancient times. The age of the found remains of the predecessors of modern man dates back to 360 thousand years. Three thousand years ago, a pre-Greek civilization was born - the Aegean. The Aegean civilization is divided into several periods. It flourished in the Late Minoan (Crete) and Mycenaean (mainland Greece) periods, which ended in the 12th century BC. This time is characterized by the emergence of the first state formations, the development of navigation, writing, the establishment of trade and diplomatic relations with the East.
Around 800 BC city-states - policies are being formed. The largest of them are Athens and Sparta. Athens was a multinational city, center of trade and dominance of the sea. The foundations of democracy were born there - all issues in the city were resolved only after public discussion by all free citizens, except for women and foreigners. For the leading position with Athens, Sparta constantly fought, whose army significantly outnumbered the Athenian in number and level of training. Also among the city-states are Corinth, Thebes, Megara and Argos. Lacking the military might of Athens and Sparta, they were forced to combine military forces in order to maintain their independence.
The period from 800 to 500 BC called "archaic". The sculpture of that time was characterized by the creation of huge statues with an "archaic smile". In 776 BC. the first Olympic Games took place. 500 BC-323 BC dates back to the "classical" period of ancient Greek history - the era of the highest flourishing of the policies, the greatest democratization of society and the flourishing of culture. This was the time of Pericles, the famous Athenian general and orator; philosophers - Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and others; playwrights - Euripides, Sophocles, Aristophanes and others. Greece laid the foundations of Western civilization, the ancient Greeks made a huge contribution to the language, politics, education, philosophy, art and architecture of the world.
From 500 to 449 BC bloody wars were fought between the Greek city-states and the mighty Persian Empire. As a result of these conflicts, Greece defended its independence. However, already in 431-404 BC. the country was again shaken by military clashes, this time internal. The struggle for dominance in the region between the Spartans and the Athenians was called the Peloponnesian War.
Several decades later, the city-states were conquered by Philip of Macedon, king of Macedonia, the ancient state of northern Greece. The achievements of his father were continued by Alexander the Great, who subdued Asia Minor, Egypt, Persia and the territories of modern Afghanistan and India.
From the death of Alexander the Great in 323 to 146 BC. the "Hellenistic" period of ancient Greek history continued. Although his empire collapsed after the death of the great ruler, during this era the Greek language and culture significantly spread to the conquered territories. In turn, Greek culture has experienced a significant Eastern influence.
From 205 BC the attacks of Rome on Greece began, and already in 146 BC. Greece and Macedonia became Roman provinces. In 395 A.D. The Roman Empire was divided into Western and Eastern, and Greece became part of the Eastern (later Byzantine) Empire.
The XII century saw the heyday of the Crusades, which significantly weakened the power of Byzantium. As a result of the Fourth Crusade of the Venetians and the French in 1204, the Latin Empire was created on the territory of part of modern Greece by the crusaders.
In 1453, Constantinople, the capital of Byzantium, was captured by the Turks, and by 1500 the territory of Greece came under the control of the Ottoman Empire. With the proclamation of independence in 1821, the struggle of the Greeks against Turkish rule began. In 1827, the territory of Greece was invaded by Great Britain, France and Russia, and in 1833 the European powers proclaimed Otto of Bavaria as king of Greece. The monarchy in Greece lasted until the middle of the 20th century.
Greece took part in both world wars. During the Second World War, General Metaxas established a fascist regime in the country. However, he did not come to an alliance with the German and Italian fascists, and in 1941 Greece was occupied by Germany. The resistance movement that emerged during this period resulted in the Civil War, which lasted until 1949.
In 1967, a military coup was carried out by the right-wing forces in Greece. The military dictatorship, which lasted until 1974, was called the "Regime of Colonels" (the words "Black Colonels" were used in the Soviet press). One of the consequences of the regime was the temporary cooling of relations between Greece and a number of European countries. At the beginning of 2001, Greece joined the European Union and in 2002 switched to the euro.
People come to this amazing country from all over the world in order to see various, almost collapsed antiquities, delve into the history of the cradle of civilization and feel like a part of it, to find harmony and peace in the soul. Greece is a place where opposites collide and, thanks to this fusion, something new and incredible appears. Nature, meeting with man, creates masterpieces that never cease to amaze even after millennia. Cultures, colliding with each other, form a new symbiosis, interesting and colorful. Faith collides with sacred places and allows a person to create entire complexes capable of illuminating the darkest path.
Santorini
This amazing island is located in the Aegean Sea. Tourists should visit this place for the most wonderful landscapes in Greece and see the sights of the island. The island itself is of volcanic origin. For those who are interested in culture, a pleasant discovery will be Archaeological Museum and the Museum of Prehistoric Fera. Their expositions present the richest collection of Ferrarian vessels that saw the light of day in the sixth century BC, many interesting sculptures and portraits belonging to figures of different eras and many finds from excavations that were carried out in Akrotia.
Santorini
Gulf of corinth
Not so famous among tourists yet, so there will be fewer people on it. It impresses with its location, it combines rocky mountains and an amazing sea coast. This island also rich in wonderful beaches and excellent cuisine, which consists of the inhabitants of the deep sea. Local restaurants are always welcoming to guests and ready to provide the finest Mediterranean cuisine. The Gulf of Corinth, you should start exploring the Peloponnese, which is a huge historic center... You can visit several oldest cities such as Mycenae, Tiryns, Kalamata, Corinth, Argus, Sparta, Xylokastro.
Gulf of corinth
Crete
Is the most big Island in Greece and the birthplace of the Minoan civilization. Due to its location, the island is popular with those looking for answers to the mysteries of history, outdoor activities or stunning landscapes. Those who like a more prestigious vacation are waiting for luxury hotels and noisy cities for quiet rest Crete offers excellent beaches and beautiful mountain scenery. For an excursion, you can go to the ruins of the Knossos labyrinth. If you believe the legends, it was in it that the Minotaur lived - a creature with the head of a bull and the body of a man. He appeared from the wife of Minos, Pasiphai, when she cheated on her husband with a bull. The maze was built so that no one would see the monster. Subsequently, when Minos lost his son, he ordered fourteen boys and girls to be sent to the island every nine years. None of them returned, dying from the labyrinth or the Minotaur. The horses of the terrible tradition were put by Theseus, who was able to kill the monster and return home.
Panathinaikos stadium
One of the most significant attractions is the Panathinaikos Stadium, a stately structure built entirely of white marble. Previously, the Panathenaic Games were held in it, but now it was restored in the nineties of the nineteenth century and continues to be used for sports games to this day.
Panathinaikos stadium
Acropolis
It is the highest point of Athens, where the most important architectural structures of the city are concentrated. For many, Greece is the sights, the description of which boils down to this complex. The most significant of these structures is the Parthenon, built in honor of the goddess of wisdom Athena. Its construction was carried out by Pericles, who spent a huge amount of money on this temple. He explained his wastefulness by the fact that the construction, which the ancestors will be proud of for centuries, is worth the cost. The great architect turned out to be right - the Parthenon delights and excites the imagination of guests of Athens from all over the world and, first of all, the Greeks themselves to this day. In addition to this building, the Acropolis contains a huge number of structures and statues that cannot be deprived of their attention to any guest of this wonderful country.
Acropolis
Vikos gorge
It is listed in the record book as the deepest gorge in the world. Its depth is almost fifty meters, and its length is two dozen kilometers. This natural landmark is located in the Pindus Mountains and belongs to the Vikos-Aoos National Park. The gorge is rich in the rarest and most valuable representatives of the fauna. It is best to come to see this attraction during the warm season - in summer and early autumn. It was during this period that the rivers have the smallest depth and will not interfere with walks.
Vikos gorge
Rhodes
The Isle of the Knights is one of the most populated places in Greece. It is located incredibly close to the Turkish border, thanks to which it was often conquered by the Turks. Now they are popular with tourists from all over the world due to the abundance of medieval buildings and wonderful beaches. It is an ideal choice for those who like noisy beaches with developed infrastructure.
Plaka
One of the districts of Athens. Of particular interest are its neoclassical architecture and abundance of archaeological sites. In addition, you can visit the many museums in Plaka, which contain the results of the excavations. This area is located in close proximity to the Acropolis. Adrian Street is a must-see. She, according to the locals, is the most old street Athens. Most of the buildings were built in the 17th century. However, they were built on the foundations of buildings that were erected in ancient times.
Diru cave
Another natural attraction in Greece is the Diru Cave. It is located a quarter of a hundred kilometers from Areopoli. In fact, this cave unites a whole network of various underground corridors and channels. In addition, an underground river runs through the cave, which allows boat excursions. Previously, temples were organized in these places, since they were considered the entrance to the underworld.
Diru cave
Meteora
They represent one of the most significant places for the Orthodox world. In total, the complex includes twenty-four monasteries, which are erected directly on the pillars of sandstone. Literally translated, the name of this complex means “the middle of the sky”. In fact, it is - the monasteries are located at a considerable height and will definitely amaze even the most sophisticated visitor with the opening views.
Delphic theater
Located in the ancient city of Delphi, named after the son of Apollo. Scientists date its appearance to the second century BC. Today the imposing building has only partially survived. Previously, it was used to host the Pythian Games, established, according to legend, by Apollo himself. Now the theater can accommodate several thousand spectators who come to it for the classical drama festival.
Delphic theater
Achillion palace
Located on the island of Corfu. Built by order of Elizabeth of Bavaria, who considered this location ideal place for your residence. The design features were handled by the architect Rafael Caritto, the authorship of most of the sculptures belongs to Ernst Geter. When the First World War unfolded, a hospital was located in the residence, and during the Second World War, the building was occupied by the Nazis for their headquarters. Today Achillion is used as a museum and is open to visitors.
Achillion palace
Samaria gorge
This creation of nature is one of the most beautiful places in the whole island of Crete. Currently, hikes are organized along the gorge, during which travelers can find themselves in a cypress forest, feel all the charm of a pine forest, meet many mountain springs and go to the coast of the Libyan Sea. The whole trip takes about a day, so for the whole vacation you can set aside this day for stunning nature. You can observe rare species of birds and plants, in addition, it is in this place, in the center of Crete National Park, that a Turkish goat called kri-kri lives. The most notable place the gorge is a narrow part called the "Gate". It is in this part of the walls that they have a height of three hundred meters, and between them there is only a passage of only a few meters. Such natural structures are thought-provoking.
Samaria gorge
Melissani cave
For those who think that Greece is just a photo of sights, the Melissani Cave will be a pleasant surprise. This natural formation appeared about two tens of thousands of years ago. Presumably, humanity owes the formation of this cave to the dissolution rocks... When the water from the Ionian Sea made its way. Thanks to the ingenuity of the water, a lake appeared in the underground cave. Then there was an earthquake, due to which the upper part collapsed. Now to this day, the wonderful underground lake is illuminated by a delightful depression through which sunlight penetrates and, playing on the surface of the water, illuminates the cave with many different colors. The name of this beautiful place comes from a legend. People believe that the nymph Melissini used to live in this place, she was unrequitedly in love with Pan, so the nymph lost the meaning of life and drowned herself.
Melissani cave
Lake Plastira
This reservoir is the creation of human hands. It receives water from the Tavropos River. The lake owes its appearance to the Greek general Nikolai Plastiras. Now this lake is famous as one of the highest in Europe. Tourists come to this reservoir for active rest: cycling, swimming, horse riding.
Lake Plastira
Mount Athos
It is a mountain peninsula. Only men can get on her - women cannot stand on her land. There are twenty monasteries on the peninsula, some of which are large and important. In addition, they contain priceless Christian relics: icons, manuscripts, relics. In addition to monasteries, you can find a theological school on Athos. There is also a Russian monastery. It was founded at the beginning of the eleventh century. At least, the first written evidence speaks about it. And in the seventies of the nineteenth century, the St. Panteleimon Monastery was recognized as Russian.
Mount Athos
Acropolis of Lindos
Located on the island of Rhodes. The Acropolis is located on a high point, and offers magnificent views to travelers. This happens when nature itself meets the human imagination. A place appears that is not affected by time. Millennia will pass, and descendants will admire this amazing building.
Acropolis of Lindos
Mount Olympus
Recognized as the highest point in Greece. Now there is a reserve on it, and earlier, according to the legends, the gods lived on it. Visit this amazing place worth at least for the sake of an unforgettable view, opening from the top of almost three kilometers high. At such a distance from the surface of the water surface there are glaciers that will cool travelers who have risen from the summer. In addition, the peaks of the mountain provide a glimpse of the whole of Pierria.
Mount Olympus
Kerameikos
In ancient times, this place was the main place for the potters of Athens. It was conveniently located - very close to the sea itself washed up the richest deposits of clay. There is also a huge cemetery, which is several tens of centuries old. For curious travelers, a museum is open, which displays collections of funerary urns, jewelry and sculptures.
Kerameikos
Odeon of Herodes Atticus
This stone theater is located south of the Acropolis. It was erected in the one hundred and sixty-first year by order of Herodes Atticus. The tycoon dedicated this building to his wife, Regilla. The structure is an amphitheater with a three-story wooden roof. The theater could accommodate several thousand visitors who came to enjoy the wonderful music. Various themed events are still held in the theater.
I travel regularly. About three trips per year, 10-15 days each, and many 2 and 3 day hikes.
Greece is a favorite destination for travelers from all over the world due to its ancient history, magnificent nature, numerous islands and warm sea. Millions of tourists visit the country every year, bringing the country considerable profits. In return, they get amazing opportunities for recreation and entertainment. If you are heading on a trip now, this selection contains the top 20 best attractions in Greece, which are worth visiting. Choose the most interesting among them and plan your tour in advance.
Santorini
Nestled in the Aegean Sea, Santorini is a beautiful Greek island about 200 km southeast of the mainland. With its picturesque landscapes and unique attractions, the island's main industry is tourism, which peaks during the summer. One of the most interesting facts about Santorini and the archipelago is that it is the remains of an ancient volcanic island. After a huge eruption, the current volcanic caldera and a huge central lagoon were formed. 
Also known as Thira, Santorini attracts tourists with its famous dramatic landscapes, breathtaking sunsets (especially from the city of Oia), and the still active volcano in the city of Thira. Santorini's beaches are amazing, ranging from bright white to red and even black (Kamari Pebble Beach). But if you only have time for one beach, then Perissa is worth a visit for its serene natural beauty. It is on Santorini that some of the best resorts in Greece are located.
Gulf of corinth
One of the many natural attractions of Greece, the Gulf of Corinth, separates the mainland from the Peloponnese. Numerous shipping routes pass through this vast body of water (130 km), with exciting ferry excursions and tours. There are two of the most famous landmarks associated with this bay. The first is a beautiful, straight and narrow Corinth Canal with high walls on each side, and the second is the longest cable-stayed bridge in Europe called Rio Antirio.
Crete
The fifth largest island in the Mediterranean and the largest island in Greece is Crete. It is also the birthplace of the Minoan Western European civilization. Crete is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Greece. Any traveler will find something to their liking here, from luxury hotels to much more affordable camping facilities.
Among the notable places of Crete are the breathtaking Minoan archaeological sites, the largest natural palm forest in Europe on Vai beach, the Venetian castle in Rethymno, the port and Old city Chania, the breathtaking Samaria gorge and a range of beautiful beaches on the island. The rich culture of Crete and the warm hospitality of its people will make you feel cozy and comfortable. Lively metropolitan cities, rugged mountain landscapes, tranquil villages and warm turquoise waters await guests.
Panathinaikos stadium
Built entirely of white marble, Panathinaikos Stadium is a breathtaking architectural landmark in Greece. Sporting events are often held here, but the stadium looks even more majestic when empty. It is the world's only largest stadium made entirely of white marble. Rebuilt from the remains of an ancient Greek stadium, Panathinaikos is one of the oldest stadiums in the world. While in Athens, you will be able to witness the stadium in all its grandeur. 
Acropolis
Perched on a rocky rise above the historic center of Athens, the Acropolis is the most important architectural wonder of ancient Greece and the main attraction of Athens. Buildings of great cultural and historical importance await you here. Most significant of all is the famous Parthenon, the historic temple of Athena (patroness of the city that still bears her name), construction of which began as early as 447 BC. A visit to Athens would be incomplete without a “pilgrimage” to the Acropolis. You should also visit the Temple of Athena Nike, the ancient gateway to the Acropolis, the Theater of Dionysus, the Odeon of Herodes Atticus (still used today for games and musical events), and the New Acropolis Museum. 
Vikos gorge
At approximately 20 kilometers long, the Vikos Gorge is breathtaking. The Guinness Book of Records called it the deepest gorge in the world, with a depth of 490 meters. It is located in the Vikos-Aoos National Park on the southern side of the Pindus Mountains. It is a national monument of Greece that will be of interest to any nature lover. Here you can find rare flowers and other plants, more than 110 species of birds, numerous species of butterflies, 19 different amphibians and species of snakes, as well as 7 species of fish in the Voidomatis and Aoos rivers. Speaking of rivers, the best time of the year to visit Vikos is when the waters are shallow - during the summer months as well as early fall. During this time, you can explore more of the gorge in all its beauty. But the natural attractions of Greece do not end there. 
Island of rhodes
One of the most popular (and inhabited) islands in Greece is Rhodes. Also called “The Isle of the Knights”, it is the largest of the Dodecanese islands and is located very close to the Turkish coastline. Previously, Rhodes was one of the Seven Wonders Of the Ancient World as it was here that the giant Colossus of Rhodes stood. The island is the most popular tourist destination in Europe. A wonderful combination of archaeological sites, medieval buildings and sunny shores makes Rhodes a place to fall in love with. If you prefer a quiet and relaxing holiday, the southern part of the island awaits guests. But there are plenty of bustling resorts here too - you'll just have to head north to find them. 
Plaka
Also known as the "District of the Gods", Plaka is an exciting historical region in Athens. Its proximity to the Acropolis has given it its exclusive nickname and made it a completely unique tourist attraction. With neoclassical architecture, numerous archaeological sites, various museums and breathtaking labyrinthine streets, Plaka is visited by hundreds of thousands of tourists every year. 
Interesting fact about this place - The main street of Plaka, Adrianou Street, is not only the oldest in the region, but also remains the only one preserved in an ideal state since antiquity. You will fall in love with it at first sight beautiful place: Wonderful cafes and restaurants, interesting shops and very clean air will turn any ordinary day into a very special experience. 
Diru cave
As if the beauty and ancient secrets of Greece are not enough for curious tourists - this wonderful country also has some stunning underground attractions. Approximately 26 km from Areopoli is the spectacular Diru cave system. An underground river runs through them, making it possible to visit the caves by boat. An intricate network of galleries with natural walls, stunning stalactites and stalagmites will take you to an extraordinary world. People who lived in the Paleolithic and Neolithic times used these caves as temples, considering them to be the entrance to the eerie other world. 
Meteora
Inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, the Meteora monasteries are one of the most important religious destinations in the Eastern Orthodox world. It is an imposing complex of monasteries (24 monasteries) built on tall sandstone pillars. Their size and importance place Meteora in second place after the famous Mount Athos. “Meteora” literally means “middle of the sky”, which is a very appropriate name for a complex at this height. The pillars themselves are a rare sight that will give wonderful memories for a lifetime. 
Delphic theater
A sufficiently large ancient theater in Delphi for 5,000 spectators - indeed impressive place with a beautiful view of the Temple of Apollo and the valley of olive trees below. The theater was first built sometime in the 4th century BC, but has undergone numerous renovations over time. While retaining the original basic structures (round stage and stone places), the theater is used for various cultural events to this day, mainly in summer. This is definitely one of the best places to see an ancient Greek performance. 
Achillion palace
This majestic palace was built by an influential woman with a strong passion for the beauty of the Greek world - the Empress of Austria, Elizabeth of Bavaria. She is better known as Sissy, a beautiful empress with incredibly long, curly hair. 
In 1890, one year after the tragic death of her only son, the Achillion Palace was built for her in her favorite vacation spot: on the island of Corfu in Greece. As its name suggests, the luxurious structure was inspired by the famous mythical hero Achilles. From her royal rooms, the empress could enjoy a magnificent view of the island and the city of the same name. 
Samaria gorge
The Samaria Gorge is located in the center of Crete's only national park. It is also one of the most important landmarks in Greece and Crete. Approximately 16 km long, the gorge was created by the flowing waters of a small river. 
While visiting this wonderful place, you will be able to observe many different species of birds and flowers, and even the rare species of the Cretan goat Kri-Kri, which lives exclusively in the park. The most popular attraction here is the very narrow part of the gorge known as the Gate. The walls here soar 300 meters and have only 4 meters of space between them. 
Melissani cave
If you are looking for something naturally beautiful and stunning, then the amazing Melissani Cave is the place to be. You can find this cave on the island of Kefalonia, surrounded by forests and a beautiful, mesmerizing azure lake. 
The water is completely transparent - the illusion is created that the boats are floating in the air just above the rocky base of the lake. Melissani Cave was formed by a unique chemical and mechanical process of the gradual disintegration of rocks, which led to the creation of voids. Cave of Nymphs from Greek mythology Melissanmi is a must-see attraction in Greece. 
Lake Plastira
For those of you who love lakes, Plastira is an excellent place to relax. It is an artificially formed reservoir that receives its water from the Tavropos River. The landscape is breathtaking and attracts numerous tourists every year. The idea of an artificial lake in the area came from the Greek general Nicholas Plastiras (who later became prime minister), hence the name of the reservoir. Located on a very high altitude, one of the highest lake in Europe, is a popular destination for nature lovers who come here for cycling, canoeing, rafting, horseback riding, or even honeymooning. 
Mount Athos
When you hear about a place that is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, you immediately know that it is something very special. Located in Macedonia and Northern Greece, Mount Athos is a mountain and peninsula inhabited and visited only by men. No woman is allowed to step into this a nice place dedicated to prayer, meditation and spirituality. The Holy Mountain, as the Greeks call it today, is actually part of an autonomous state under Greek sovereignty. Visitors need special permits to enter the area, but only 110 people are allowed to visit it every day, 100 of whom must be Orthodox. If you don't mind the bureaucracy, visiting Mount Athos and its 20 monasteries is a very interesting adventure. Here you can also buy gifts for the ladies who will be waiting for you outside this most sacred place on Earth. 
Acropolis of Lindos
Even though the most famous acropolis in Greece is the Acropolis of Athens, there are numerous similar strongholds in the country and some of them are quite remarkable. A very good example is the Acropolis of Lindos, which has amazing views of the surrounding coastline and harbor.
Beautiful and mysterious at the same time, this natural citadel contains precious archaeological finds that belong to different civilizations. The structure was originally built by the Dorians (ancient Greeks) and then rebuilt and re-fortified by the Romans, Byzantines, Knights of St. John and the Ottomans. A unique mix of culture and history, beautiful beaches and small town with its traditional whitewashed buildings and winding paths, it will enchant you to the core. 
Mount Olympus
The legendary landmark of Greece is Mount Olympus. No visit to Greece is complete without stopping at the iconic Mount Olympus. Once the home of the gods, it is now a precious Biosphere Reserve with stunning views and remarkable biodiversity. Olympus is the most high mountain in Greece, 2,917 meters high at the peak of Mitikas, which means “nose”. Mount Olympus was declared a National Park in 1938 and still attracts thousands of visitors every year. Even though it is a tall mountain, it is quite accessible even for hikers. Even the least experienced hikers will have a good time here walking along the many trails. 
Kerameikos, Athens
Located on the northwestern part of the Acropolis in Athens, Kerameikos was once the potters' square of the Greek capital. And yes, the word "ceramics" is etymologically related to the name of this beautiful place. The site was deliberately chosen on the banks of the Eridanos River, because the water washed away rich deposits of clay mud, which the potters could use for their creations. The area is known for its 30 century old cemetery: archaeological excavations have shown that people buried the dead in this area as early as the 3rd millennium BC. Visitors will encounter large monuments and mounds, as well as many wonderful exhibits (jewels, urns, toys, large marble sculptures, and more) at the Kerameikos Museum. 
Odeon of Herodes Atticus
Also located near the famous Acropolis of Athens, the Odeon of Herodes Atticus is an impressive stone theater. Its name comes from an Athenian tycoon named Herodus Atticus, who built it in memory of his wife. With a capacity of 5,000 people, the theater remained intact from 161 (when it was built) until 267 AD. BC when the Heruls destroyed it. 
Beautifully restored in modern times, the Odeon hosts a variety of contemporary events, including the famous Athens Festival, which starts in May and lasts until October. For a sense of authenticity and historical importance, the three-story tall original wall has been left as it is, a beautiful remnant of the past. Watching classic theater performance here is an unforgettable experience for any theater fan. There are many such places among Greek landmarks, many of which have separate articles on LifeGlobe. 
Brief country information
Independence Date
Official language
Greek
Form of government
Parliamentary republic
Territory
131,957 km² (95th in the world)
Population
10,772,967 people (75th in the world)
Timezone
EET (UTC + 2, UTC + 3 in summer)
The largest city
$ 294.339 billion
Internet domain
- one of the most amazing and unique in its beauty countries in Europe. Located in the south of the continent, on the Balkan Peninsula, it is small both in terms of territory - the area, together with the islands adjacent to the coast of Asia Minor, is 131,994 km², and in terms of population, which totals 10.3 million people. However, in terms of historical, cultural, archaeological and linguistic heritage, not every large state can compare with Greece. The capital Athens is the oldest and most beautiful city in the world, a metropolis with a population of 4 million, founded approximately in the 7th millennium BC.
Video: Greece
Basic moments
Hellas - as the Greeks themselves call their homeland - is filled with various sights, a significant part of which dates back to ancient times. It is not for nothing that they say that in Greece, antiquities are found literally at every step. Wherever you find yourself - in Athens or Delphi, in Thebes or Meteora, on the holy Mount Athos or in rock monasteries - everywhere you will get acquainted with interesting monuments, original folk traditions. Here, in the homeland of Homer and Pythagoras, Sophocles and Democritus, Aristotle, Euripides, Plato and other famous personalities of the past, you will get such vivid impressions that you will definitely want to come here again!
Recognized as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of the first democracies in history, Greece has become the center for the birth of the very concept of "democracy". In Ancient Hellas, every adult citizen took an active part in the discussion of public affairs and could be elected to any administrative, military or judicial position. The traditions laid down in antiquity are preserved in Greek society today.
And also Greece is a gentle sun, excellent beaches, warm sea with crystal clear waters and picturesque islands, the most popular of which are Corfu, Rhodes, and Crete. The country is called a paradise for tourism and recreation for a reason. The mild subtropical climate is in amazing harmony with the exquisite beauty of nature. It is unlikely that anywhere else you will see such pretty villages perched on the mountain slopes, or houses buried in dense greenery, covered with red tiles. And it doesn't matter at all for what purpose a traveler sets foot on this blessed land - to deeply study its historical heritage or just wallow lazily on the beach. One thing is clear: in Greece, everyone will find something to their liking and will never regret the trip.
Cities of greece
All cities in Greece
Sights of greece
All sights of Greece
Geographic features
Greece, which is also called the land of the gods, the birthplace of philosophy and the Olympic Games, has a very interesting and very advantageous geographical location. Perhaps no other state in Europe owns so many islands - there are more than two thousand of them here (though only 227 of them are inhabited). Some, such as the famous Lesvos, are located directly off the coast of Turkey. The islands account for almost 20% of the country's territory, which is quite a lot.
Greece is washed by four seas: the Mediterranean, the Ionian, the Libyan (southern coast of Crete) and the Aegean. The latter can even be called the "inland sea" of this country, the entire coast of which is picturesquely indented by bays. It is enough to look at the map to make sure that no other state on the continent has similar outlines.
Mainland Greece is conditionally divided into several regions - Macedonia, Thrace, Epirus, Thessaly and Attica, Phthiotida, Phocis and others belonging to Central Greece. Geographically, the Ionian Islands can be attributed to the central part of the country. The largest Greek island is Crete, the second largest is Euboea, which is connected to the mainland by a bridge over the Strait of Euripus. The largest peninsula, recognized as the hearth of the oldest civilization in Europe, is the Peloponnese. Here is the famous Corinth Canal, dug by a French company back in the 19th century.
An interesting fact: the farthest distance from the sea coast, wherever you go in Greece, does not exceed 100 kilometers.
Natural landscape
The Greek nature is distinguished by an enviable diversity, which became possible due to the confluence of factors such as geographical location, features of the local climate, the presence of large mountain ranges, and a long coastline.
Mountains occupy about 60% of the landscape of Greece, which makes it one of the highest mountainous countries in Europe after Norway and Albania. Moreover, in contrast to the named states, the mountain ranges of Hellas almost all descend to the sea. The tallest Mountain peak- Olympus (2915 meters), she is the most famous in ancient Greek myths as the abode of the gods, in particular, the thunderer Zeus. Other large and beautiful mountains in Greece include Ida (Psiloritis) and the White Mountains (Lefka Ori) in Crete, Grammos and Smolikas in Macedonia, Taigetos in the Peloponnese, Pindos and Atamanika Ori in the Epirus region.
Water resources Greece is represented by a combination of natural and artificial lakes, deltas and estuaries, waterfalls and lagoons. The largest body of water in the country is Lake Trichonis, located in the Aetolia region of Western Greece. Lake Vouliagmeni in Attica (known for its thermal mineral waters), the artificial lake Tavropos in Thessaly, which is surrounded by dense coniferous forests and, of course, the highest lake, Drakolimni, located on the slopes of Timfi and Zmolikas at an altitude of 2050 meters, cannot be ignored. Of the rivers, the longest is Aliakmonas (297 km), which is inferior in length to Aheloom, Pinios, Nestos, Efros, Strimonas, Alfios, Arakhfos.
The originality of the natural landscape of Greece is given by local caves, many of which have inland lakes, "thickets" of stalactites and stalagmites, attracting here not only ordinary tourists, but also professional researchers and speleologists. It will be interesting in caves and historians, ethnographers and culturologists, since they are inextricably linked with the subjects of ancient Greek myths. And the caves themselves are archaeological sites that can reveal many secrets of the Paleolithic era. Not everyone knows, but the famous artifact is a skull ancient man, considered a transitional form from Homo erectus to Homo sapiens - was discovered in one of these caves in Greece. It is called Petralona and is located on the Halkidiki peninsula.
The gorges or canyons, which are literally dotted with the local landscape, deserve special mention. They cannot fail to impress with their menacingly towering cliffs, water streams and different kinds birds and animals that have preferred to settle here for many centuries. The most famous Greek gorge - Samaria - is located on the island of Crete. It can be easily crossed, and many travelers take advantage of this opportunity. The breathtaking beauty of the Vikos Gorge in the National Park in the Pindus Mountains (Pindos) in the northeast of Epirus District. It is located on the southern slope of Mount Tumfi, reaching a length of 20 kilometers.
And finally, two water parks in Greece. The first - it is called Alonissos and is located on the Northern Sporades islands in the Aegean Sea - in 1992 was declared a nature conservation area by the authorities. It is home to the endangered species of Mediterranean seals - Monachus Monachus. The second is national marine park in Zakynthos, one of the Ionian Islands, which received the status of a protected area seven years later. This is where the Caretta Caretta turtle is mainly bred.
Cities and islands of Greece
Between historical Attica and the Peloponnese, the Saronic Islands are secluded - an archipelago, a vacation on which those tourists who would not like to swim in the sea far from Athens usually choose. Only at the peak of the season, the local beaches are crowded, especially on the island of Aegina, which may not be to everyone's liking. But the coast is excellent here, not to mention the fact that getting a bronze tan can be combined with visiting attractions, for example, the Temple of Aphaia, which has been perfectly preserved to this day.
The Peloponnese itself looks like a separate entity against the background of the rest of Greece. In the sense that its landscapes are often deserted, which, however, is compensated by the presence of priceless historical monuments. This is the citadel of Agamemnon Mycenae, and the theater in Epidaurus, and the House of Helena and Menelaus in Sparta, and the palace of Nestor in Pylos, and the same Corinth, from where one of the writers of the New Testament, the Apostle Paul, addressed the letters to the Corinthians. Acquaintance with the sights can be perfectly combined with relaxing on local beaches, which are considered almost the best in the whole of Southern Europe.
If you have not forgotten from school history lessons where the birthplace of Apollo and his sister Artemis is, then you guessed that our story will be about the islands of the Cyclades. From them, spread out in the southern part of the Aegean Sea, there is a sense of serenity and tranquility. But the Cyclades archipelago is associated, first of all, with the island of Mykonos, whose coastline reaches 89 km. Its hallmarks are old narrow streets and a very modern boutique hotel - the most expensive in Greece. An important transport hub in the archipelago is Paros, famous for its beaches and wide range of water sports.
There are places in sunny Greece where the “Turkish coast” is within easy reach - these are the Dodecanese Islands, which are part of the Southern Sporades archipelago and stretch along the western coast of the Asia Minor peninsula, almost close to the territory of the neighboring state. The islands of Rhodes and Kos are the most famous of them. Popularity came to them thanks to first-class beaches and hotels and, of course, busy excursion programs- especially in the historical part of the city of Rhodes, included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
Groups of tourists, among whom there are many representatives of Christian confessions, strive to visit the legendary island of Patmos, which is called "Jerusalem of the Aegean Sea", and this interest is understandable. It is here that the cave is located where John the Evangelist wrote down the divine "Revelation", which became the last book of the biblical New Testament. And this place itself is also called "the cave of the Apocalypse."
Some of the most picturesque in Greece are, of course, the Ionian Islands. Lush greenery, harmoniously combined with the azure shades of the sea surface, creates the impression of a real garden of Eden, and at some point it may seem that the Lord has forgiven the sins of mankind and returned them to their original conditions of existence, as in the biblical Eden. The real pearl of the archipelago is the island of Corfu - it is the most popular among tourists and, accordingly, the most expensive in terms of stay and residence in Greece. The island of Ithaca is also well known - according to Homer's stories about the Odyssey, which we were introduced to in history lessons. Vivid impressions remain from the island of Kefalonia: pretty villages, cliffs at the very edge of the sea and excellent beaches are impossible to forget. As well as excellent local wines.
Now let's move to - the second largest city in the country, which has rightfully received the nickname "Greek Constantinople". It is the religious center of Greece, whose population is predominantly Orthodox. Here is the Athos peninsula and the Holy Mountain with the same name. It is called the "Autonomous Monastic State of the Holy Mountain" in the system of administrative division. Over the centuries, nothing has changed here: women are still forbidden to step on Mount Athos.
The North Aegean Islands are a kind of "mix" in which the influence of both Western and Eastern cultures has been mixed. If you do not know that this is Greece, it seems that you are in Turkey, which, in general, is not far away, and it owns two islands of the archipelago - Bozcaada and Gokceada (Greek names, respectively, Tenedos and Imvros). The most unusual of the islands is Samos, all covered with trees and famous for its vineyards. Isolated beaches attract tourists to the island of Chios, also famous for its ancient monastery of Nea Moni.
Climate and weather
The climate of Greece, generally speaking, is distinguished by its mildness, and this is the great "merit" of the Mediterranean Sea, which seems to take care of and protect this small country. Summer is hot and dry here: the average monthly temperature in July varies between + 30 ... + 32 degrees Celsius, humidity reaches 55%. The beach season in Hellas begins in mid-May and lasts until November. Winter in the country is not at all harsh. The temperature in January averages 10 degrees with a plus sign, and the humidity is 75%.
Meanwhile, Greece has several climatic zones. In the mainland of the country, the weather conditions are reminiscent of the Balkans, which are characterized by cold winters and hot, humid summers. Attica, Crete, Dodecanese, Cyclades, the center and east of the Peloponnese are typically Mediterranean regions in terms of climate. The weather in Crete is warm for a long time: on the southern coast of the largest Greek island, you can swim and sunbathe from April to November.
Greece also has its own rainy season, which starts in most areas in mid-October and lasts until February. In July and August, everyone East Coast the mainland, including the capital, and the islands of the Aegean Sea are dominated by strong north winds. On the one hand, it brings coolness diluting the heat, on the other hand, it makes ferries late and inconveniences vacationers, "stealing" beach umbrellas from them. As for the summer heat itself, it still influenced the habits of the Greeks, shifting the afternoon rest of the Greeks to 15: 00-18: 00. It is not customary to disturb anyone during these hours, let alone make appointments.
History of Greece
The first settlements on the territory of Greece, as evidenced by archaeological excavations, arose in the Paleolithic period, which corresponds to 11000-3000 years BC. It is Hellas that is home to the Minoan, Mycenaean and Cycladic civilizations that existed in 2600-1100 BC. The classical period in the history of Greece is the so-called "Golden Age", which covered the VI-IV centuries BC. e. It is notable for the fact that it gave the world a galaxy of the greatest scientists and outstanding figures of art - historians and philosophers, doctors and architects, architects and sculptors, poets, mathematicians and playwrights. The active formation of Greek civilization took place after the first Olympic Games in 776 BC. The colonial expansion of Ancient Greece began, city-states appeared - in particular, on the Black Sea coast.
Ancient Hellas experienced several interventions - first by the army of neighboring Persia, which invaded several times in a row, and then, in 146 BC, by Roman legionaries. But the Romans not only did not persecute Greek culture, but also became its conscious successors. This can be judged by the monuments of the Roman era, the prototypes for which served as analogous Hellenic works of architecture. Moreover, Roman artifacts have survived to this day in their best form, and we, contemporaries, can judge by them about the great heritage of the ancient Greeks. And after the division of the huge Roman Empire into western and eastern parts, the latter, that is, Byzantium with its capital in Constantinople, became the bearer of the Greek language and culture and existed for eleven centuries, until May 29, 1453 fell under the onslaught of the Turks.
Greece itself was under the rule of the Ottoman Empire for almost 400 years. The national liberation struggle of the Greek people ended in 1821 with the proclamation of an independent Greek state, which became monarchical a decade later. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, Greece made great efforts to return its ancestral lands, which were still under the occupation of the Ottoman Port. Participation in the Balkan Wars of that time and the First World War helped to partially realize these tasks.
The country also took part in World War II. First, fascist Italy attacked her, but the Greeks were able to give a worthy rebuff. When the Germans and their allies intervened, Greece fell and was under their occupation from 1941 to 1945. However, the victory over the Third Reich did not bring the long-awaited peace: a civil war broke out in the country, which ended only in 1949.
This was followed by a period of calm development in Greece, disrupted by the 1967 coup d'etat, as a result of which King Constantine II was overthrown and a military dictatorship was established in the country. This period went down in history as the regime of the "black colonels" led by Georgios Papadopoulos (1967-1973) and Dimitrios Ioannidis (1973-1974). The military junta made many mistakes, including strategic ones, in the international arena. This provoked the invasion of Cyprus in 1974 by the Turkish army and the occupation of part of its territory to form the unrecognized "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus". Failures in the so-called "Cyprus question" led to the overthrow of the dictatorship of the "black colonels" in 1974.
On December 8, 1974, a national referendum was held in Greece, as a result of which a democratic political regime with a parliamentary form of government was re-established in the country. On June 11, 1975, a new Constitution was adopted, which is in force to this day. In 1986 and 2001, some changes were made to it, which, however, did not affect the democratic foundations of the state. Greece has been a NATO member since 1952. True, in 1973 she left the organization, and returned to it only in 1981. In the same year, Greece joined the European Union, and on January 1, 2002 - into the euro zone.
Sights of greece
Greece is a country of ancient monuments, Orthodox shrines and very open, sincere and incredibly charming people. Having visited here at least once, you will forever fall in love with its architecture, unique nature, original culture and, of course, national cuisine, to which we will return.
We will start our general acquaintance with some of the sights of the country from the capital of Ancient Hellas. In Athens, which carefully preserve their historical, cultural and architectural heritage, you should definitely visit the famous Acropolis, whose temples have been partially restored. The constant interest of travelers is caused by the temple of one of the three Olympic gods - Poseidon, located right on the coast of the Aegean Sea, the ancient quarter of Plaka, the city squares with their own rich life, the impressive stone theater - the Odeon of Herodotus Atticus and numerous Athenian museums.
I would also like to mention the breathtaking Panathinaikos Stadium. It was created from fragments of an ancient predecessor, using only white marble in construction. And in Athens, you can see with your own eyes the ancient temples of Zeus, Agora and Hephaestus, mentioned in myths and legends. antique greece.
Many ancient artifacts are concentrated in Crete, one of the most popular tourist destinations in the country. Here you can see the archaeological sites of the Minoan era, the Venetian-style castle in Rethymno, luxurious, enjoy the views of the largest natural palm forest on the continent on the Vai beach. The ancient temple of Apollo, preserved in the small town of Gortyna, will take you to the Dorian era, and in Festus you should definitely see one of the most outlandish in form architectural structures- the palace of King Minos.
The most famous Greek islands include Rhodes, which is famous as the largest center of knightly culture and a wonderful resort. Its visiting card is the Castle of the Knights, built in the XIV century and restored in the first half of the last century. It houses a large collection of antiques, not to mention the faithfully recreated atmosphere of the dwelling of the knightly order, giving a unique sense of realism.
One of the most iconic sights, Mount Olympus, will allow you to feel like a contemporary of the legendary deities of ancient Greece. Once upon a time, according to myths, the thunderer Zeus, the god of the seas Poseidon and the ruler of the kingdom of the dead, Hades, lived here. Now this "house of the gods" has been turned into a unique biosphere reserve, rich in various species of plants and animals, and from where stunning views of the surroundings open. Olympus, although a high mountain, is quite accessible for walking. Traveling along the numerous trails, you won't even notice how time flies by.
Another famous mountain is, of course, Athos, included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List. This unique place, revered by all Orthodox believers, is inhabited and can only be visited by men. It is dedicated to prayer, reflection and initiation into spirituality. The Holy Mountain has de facto autonomy, but under the sovereignty of the Greek state. To get here, you need to get a special permit, and only 110 people (100 of them must be Orthodox believers) can visit it - if they wish, of course - every day. Such bureaucracy may turn many away from the intention to visit Mount Athos, but if such inconveniences do not scare you, then an excursion here with a visit to two dozen local monasteries will become an unforgettable episode in your life.
National cuisine
The national cuisine of Greece perfectly coexists with the culinary traditions of the Balkan peoples, the Apennines, France and even the Middle East. In general, this is a typical Mediterranean cuisine with an "admixture" of love, with which each dish is prepared, and the original Greek temperament. For the Greeks, as, for example, for the Japanese, eating is a whole ritual. At the table here they do not just eat, but communicate and relax. Sharing a meal is a great way to build friendships between strangers and even business relationships. Whatever the Greeks discuss at dinner, but most of all, in addition to purely family topics, they like to talk about football and politics.
Many have already guessed that fish and seafood occupy a regal position in the local menu. The Greeks cook squid very tasty: they roll them in flour and then fry them in olive oil. Be sure to try freshly caught mussels cooked in tomato sauce and such exotic as octopus meat - it is baked on coals with the addition of herbs. The taste and aroma of the dish are such that words cannot convey - it is better to try!
What are the most popular dishes in modern Greece? Let's name some of them: squid stuffed with cheese and grilled on coals ("kalamarya yemista me tiri"), steamed mussels ("midya ahnista"), grilled shrimps ("garides sharas"). One of the signature dishes national cuisine are considered spaghetti with lobster ("macoranada me astako"). From traditional and familiar fish dishes in local taverns, you can taste fish in all its culinary "manifestations" - fried and stewed, stuffed and pickled, dried, smoked and simply salted - to delicious local beer!
Fans of meat food in Greece are offered a rich selection of dishes from pork, beef, poultry, lamb. Grilled "Brizoles" and "paidakya", respectively, meat with bones and lamb ribs, always turn out to be very tasty and juicy. Local kebabs are of two types: from small pieces of meat ("souvlaki") and large ("kondosuvli").
It is also worth trying "kokoretsi" - this is the name of the dish, somewhat reminiscent of our homemade sausage: the intestines are filled with lamb offal and baked on the wire rack. True gourmets cannot help but love the rooster stewed in white wine ("kokoras krasatos") and the stewed rabbit ("kuneli"). And perhaps the most famous Greek meat dish is moussaka - minced meat, potatoes and eggplants stacked in layers and baked with béchamel sauce.
Greek cuisine cannot be imagined without cheese and one of its most famous varieties - feta. It is made only from sheep's milk and stored in wooden barrels. Popular in the country and, accordingly, among tourists, and such varieties of cheese as "kefalotiri" (hard, made from goat milk), "tulumotyri" (the oldest of all local varieties) and refined "manuri" (white, with a very piquant taste ).
In conclusion, we will mention the famous "Greek salad", in their homeland simply called "village", which Russian housewives also love to cook. The original tastes differently from the one served in our cafes and restaurants or prepared at home. What exactly the difference is, is also difficult to convey in words: you need to feel it by trying both options. And what is needed for this? That's right: come on vacation to Greece!
Language
Modern Greek (dimotics), derived from the folk language used in the late Antique period, became the official language of the country only in 1976. Before that, this was kafarevusa ("purified language"). Fortunately for tourists, many Greeks speak at least one foreign language: most often in English, but also in German, French or Italian.
Still, a few words in Greek will be appreciated. If you have a little time, try to learn a couple of basic phrases and the alphabet. Although signs and signs are often presented in Latin transcription, this is not always the case; in addition, knowing the alphabet will allow you to navigate banks, restaurants and other establishments.
Holidays in Greece
- January 1 - New Year.
- January 6 - Epiphany.
- March 25 - Independence Day.
- May 1 - Labor Day.
- August 15 - Dormition of the Virgin.
- October 28 - Okhi Day, in memory of the Greek resistance to the Italian occupation in 1940.
- December 25 - Nativity of Christ.
- December 26 - Cathedral of the Most Holy Theotokos.
Holidays that do not have an exact date - The first day of Great Lent (clean Monday), Holy Friday, Easter Monday, Ascension, Spirits day.
Money
The national currency of Greece is the euro, divided into 100 euro cents. Basically, all payments are made in cash, which naturally leads to an increase in the shadow economy. An increasing number of hotels and restaurants in tourist areas however, they accept credit cards, but some of them charge an additional 3% to 5%, sometimes without even notifying about it. If you have a Visa or Mastercard, you can easily withdraw money from an ATM. Traveler's checks can be cashed at a bank or hotel, just don't forget your passport.
Opening hours
Despite some general trends, such as a long break during siesta, the opening hours of organizations in Greece are quite variable. Shops are usually open on Mondays, Wednesdays and Saturdays from about 8.30-10.00 to 15.00, on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays until 14.00 and then from 17.00 to 20.00-21.00. This rule does not affect local shops, especially grocery stores, which sometimes even work on Sundays.
Museums and archaeological sites that can be visited are closed on Mondays, sometimes on Wednesdays, and the smallest are closed throughout the period from November to March. Opening hours - from 8.00-8.30 to 15.00 out of season, and until 17.00 and even 19.00 in July and August. Remember that the last visitors are allowed in half an hour before closing time.
Banks are usually open from 8.00-8.30 to 14.00 from Monday to Thursday and until 13.30 on Friday; some make exchange transactions on Saturday.
Shopping in Greece
People go to sunny Greece not only for a beach holiday on the islands or exploring the world-famous sights of ancient times, but also for shopping. For those who don't know yet, Greece, along with Italy, is one of the best shopping destinations in Europe. Despite the difference in exchange rates, it will not be difficult to find here, for example, a relatively inexpensive fur coat or a beautiful vase that will decorate the interior of your home.
A long-established way to save money is, of course, to shop during the sales season. Winter sales in Greece begin in mid-January and continue through February, while summer sales cover the second half of July and all of August. Moreover, in many stores, they do not begin to reduce the price from a small one - say, from 20-30%, but immediately indicate the price tags: an 80% discount, therefore, queues are not uncommon in such outlets. Prepare in advance to waste some amount of time waiting, but leave with a good purchase.
Discounts apply not only to clothes and shoes, but also to household appliances, modern electronics, decor items and even good, solid furniture. True, the discount for such goods does not exceed 40% of the cost, but this is not bad either. In outlets and stocks, which should not be forgotten either, price tags that please the eye are present all year round. Off-season sales are common in large shopping centers, discounts can be up to 50%.
But back to buying fur coats. Especially for this, shopping tours are organized in Greece, which come with and without obligations. If you choose the first one (that is, a tour with commitments), then the flight to the country and hotel accommodation, usually not exceeding 3-4 days, are paid by the fur factory. For the convenience of choosing, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the assortment of different manufacturers in advance, and save the photos of the models you like. Otherwise, if you start trying on all the models in a row, not only will you waste time and get tired, but you may end up buying not what you wanted and you will regret it.
The birthplace of Greek fur products is traditionally considered to be Kastoria, a city in the northwest of the country, in western Macedonia. There are many fur factories here, the most famous of which are Ego Group, Rizos Furs, Estel Furs, Avanti Furs. Do not look for prices on the official websites of these and other manufacturers - it is not customary to indicate them, which makes it possible to bargain on the spot. Language barriers usually do not arise, since almost all sellers speak Russian.
But not everyone goes to Greece for clothes or household items - many would like to buy local products. In this case, welcome to the Greek supermarkets: in Athens - Sklavenitis, in Crete - Ariadni, in Thessaloniki - Masoutis. The premium supermarkets AB Vasilopoulos and the German supermarket chain Lidi are also popular among tourists.
You can also shop well at markets and bazaars, of which there are a lot in the country, including flea ones. The freshest and most inexpensive goods from the food basket can be bought here: olive oil, feta cheese, local wine. The main thing is to be in time before 15:00, since then markets and bazaars are closed until the next day.
For tourists: citizens of the Russian Federation, since they are not residents of the European Union, can exercise the right to a VAT refund (Tax Free), provided that the purchase amount is not less than 120 € and it is made at a retail outlet that participates in the system. To determine this, you just need to look closely: the designation "tax-free for tourists", which literally translates from English "for tourists without tax," in this case is applied to shop windows, cash registers or directly at the entrance to the store. On the mainland, the value added tax refund will be 23%, on the island territories - 16%.
Public transport
It is convenient to travel around Greece by bus, and the trip is inexpensive. However, there are very, very few drivers who understand English, let alone Russian. Urban public transport runs from 5:30 am until midnight, and there are also special night routes. The most developed in terms of transport is, of course, the capital. The car communication in it, as well as in other cities, is chaotic, there may be problems with parking. In cities, there is a speed limit of 50 km / h.
An alternative to buses is electric transport (trams and trolleybuses). Athens, as befits a metropolitan metropolis, has its own metro, the pass is valid for 1.5 hours. There are no subways in other cities.
Greece also has a network of railways, only experienced tourists are not advised to travel on second-class trains, since they cannot boast of cleanliness and comfort, unlike first-class trains. But regardless of the category, the train was and remains a popular option specifically for night trips: fell asleep in one city, and woke up in the morning - you are already at your destination rested and fresh!
Since Greece is partly an island state, not all parts of the country can be reached by bus or train. For sea travel, you will have to choose one of the types water transport: ferry or speed boat. When parking your own or rented car on the ferry, you should be careful, as cars are usually located very close to each other.
Car driving
A driving license valid in Russia will be enough to rent a car in Greece. Prices at numerous local companies are quite reasonable, but check the condition of the vehicle and the availability of insurance in case of an accident. The minimum driver's age is 21, sometimes 25. Driving experience must be at least a year.
The major highways are very good for car enthusiasts, and in addition, thanks to funds allocated by the EU, the road network in Greece has been significantly improved in recent years. There are also dirt roads leading mainly to beaches and secluded monasteries. The speed limit is 50 km / h in the city (sometimes less), 80 km / h on highways, 120 km / h on motorways, although sometimes, looking at the driving style of the Greeks, it’s hard to believe ... If you happen to drive at night, beware of unlit areas and herds of animals crossing the road. Driving in the city can be challenging, especially in Athens due to the many traffic jams and one-way roads.
Communication and Internet
Mobile communications in Greece are very well developed, the network covers almost the entire territory of the country, except for some small remote islands. It catches especially well in cities, and even in the metro in Athens. If you are going to call Greek numbers, then it makes sense to buy a SIM card from one of the local cellular operators. If there is no such need, and you plan to call only home in the Russian Federation, then you can use the roaming service that all Russian operators provide to their subscribers.
The Greek mobile market leaders are companies such as Cosmote, Wind and Vodafone. The first one is state-owned and its main advantage in the eyes of competitors can be considered a good level of customer service. Wind was once a monopoly in the local market and has long established itself as a high-quality connection. Well, Vodafone, as a transnational operator, needs no additional introduction. The quality of the coverage is not inferior to competitors, but it has a little more "dead zones" where communication is not available.
Moral standards
Although it is very hot in summer, dress appropriately if you are outside the beach. To visit the monastery, women should wear a skirt or dress below the knee and a scarf, men - trousers.
If you are offered a drink or invited to dinner, do not refuse, as this may offend the Greeks. Also remember that everything related to relations with Turkey is a rather sensitive issue, avoid joking about this topic.
Controversial points
Check your restaurant bill: in the most touristy places, it can increase by one additional dish or drink ... Also, pay attention to the prices on display windows: they are sometimes take-away and can double if you eat locally. Finally, if you wish to pay by credit card, make sure the tip (3-5%) is not withdrawn without your consent. As a rule, any misunderstanding can be easily resolved, one has only to stay alert and remember about the opportunity to call the tourist police, which specializes in resolving these kinds of problems.
Safety
Greece, with all the desire, cannot be attributed, like Iceland or Sweden, to the safest countries for tourists on the continent. Unfortunately, petty theft is common here, especially in crowded places: at hotels, at airports, train stations, near attractions. Pickpockets also operate in public transport. Athens, like any major city, has its own dangerous areas, these are Kolokotroni and Vati squares and the red light district in the vicinity of Omonia square.
Women should be especially wary of ... obsessive boyfriends or "kamaks" (from the Greek "kamakis" - "harpooner"). They are usually good-looking men who radiate charm and temperament, who very persistently seek the favor of single foreign tourists. Their ultimate goal is to "hook" for a while, and if they are lucky, then for the whole season, a rich companion. Lovely ladies are also not recommended to get into a car with unfamiliar men or take a walk at night, as there is a risk of becoming victims of rape.
The Greeks spend their hot southern temperament not only looking for love adventures, but also participating in all kinds of protests and strikes. And although the “righteous anger” of demonstrators is usually not directed at people, it is better not to go outside during a rally. To disperse the protesters, the police usually use tear gas, which acts not only for its intended purpose, that is, on the eyes. It can cause serious complications in patients with bronchitis and asthma. And also, even if the law enforcement officers with their means of restraint are far from you, there is a risk of falling under someone's hot hand or getting injured in a crush.
In addition to the human factor, natural factors also pose a certain danger. AND mainland Greece and its islands fall under the definition of seismically hazardous zones, which means a high probability of earthquakes. Tremors with a high amplitude, fortunately, do not happen so often, but small vibrations of the earth's crust are common. Don't forget about the risks of wildfires from hot climates. In these cases, you should call the fire department directly at 199 or the rescue service at 112.
Hotels and Accommodation in Greece
Both on the mainland and on the islands there are hotels for every taste and budget. In Greece, in addition to the traditional classification by the number of stars, the letter designation system of the hotel class is also used. So, the letter L means that you are in a luxury hotel, which corresponds to five stars; C - three stars; and E corresponds to the level of 1-2 stars. But quite often there is a kind of "anomaly": in E-class hotels, the level of service is higher than in hotels with the C designation.
Be prepared for room shortages, especially on the most popular Greek islands. The excitement is common here, especially on weekends and holidays, when locals join the rest of the foreigners. To avoid tourist crowds, book your apartment in advance. So, using the Booking.com service, you can find great accommodation options in Greece with up to 60% discounts.
Most local hotels are owned locally, but Greece also has major international chains such as Best Western and Hilton. You can also rent an extra-class room at local chain hotels, such as the Luxury Collection of Starwood Hotels and Resorts, Louis and Chandris. The cost of living in them is from 150-200 euros.
Many tourists prefer to stay in private hotels (boarding houses), which most fully convey the very spirit of the local way of life and the hospitality inherent in the Greeks. In cities, you can rent a separate apartment for two or three people, in the suburbs - small houses for four guests. Prices range from 40-60 to 90-120 euros per night.
Hostels in Greece are not as popular as in other European countries, but you can stay at one of the five Athens youth hostels that are part of the International Hostel Association. There are similar ones in Thessaloniki, Paros, Corfu and Ios, and they are also included in the named association. An overnight stay in the hostel will cost you about 10 €, the cost depends on its location.
In the homeland of democracy, you can also stay in monasteries, only the rules for staying in them may seem not so democratic. For example, if you are looking for an overnight stay with a companion of the opposite sex, you will be rejected. In addition, you need to dress in accordance with generally accepted norms of decency, otherwise they will not be accepted either. And if you are moved in, then you will have to observe the "curfew": it is not allowed to return to the monastery - for example, after an excursion - later than the due date.
) and charter.
At the peak of the tourist season, that is, in summer, flights to Greece are carried out, including from such Russian cities as Krasnodar, Kazan and Perm.
To stay in the country, Russians need a foreign passport with a Schengen visa.
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This amazing country has a huge number of historical, cultural, architectural and natural attractions. Tourists from all over the world go to Greece not just to relax on the beaches. Here you can replenish your knowledge about how modern Europe was born and formed, a huge part of which belongs to the classical era of Hellenism and pre-Hellenic history and culture.
TOP-20 sights of Greece
The sights of Greece will tell you about the birth of the European democratic tradition, the golden era in mythology, literature, sculpture, architecture, theater, sports, etc. Hospitable people live in this beautiful country, loving Russia they are always kind to Russian tourists... Do not forget the well-known phrase from the national cinema: “Greece has everything!”.
1. Ancient Greek city of Delphi
This city in ancient times was the religious center of worship of the god Apollo. According to legend, he is named after his son Delph. In addition, the city is famous for the fact that for many centuries the famous Pythian Games were held there. Delphi are included in the UNESCO list. It is a world-class historical and cultural landmark.
Delphi arose about 1.6 thousand years BC. and at first Mother Earth was worshiped there. And later the myths of classical Ancient Greece, associated with Zeus and the pantheon of gods, arose. During excavations in the second half of the 20th century, here, on the slope of Mount Parnassus, the Temple of Apollo, an ancient theater, a stadium, treasuries, etc. were discovered.
2. Medieval city of Rhodes
And this famous Greek landmark belongs to the era of Antiquity and the Middle Ages with its knights-crusaders. It is also a famous beach resort. The most interesting thing to see here is the Rhodes Fortress, which was erected by the Knights Hospitallers in the 13th century on the site of the ancient acropolis.
Behind the powerful walls of this fortress is the Palace of the Grand Masters, built on the site of the ancient temple of Helios. In the old town of Rhodes, you can wander along the Street of the Knights, plunge into the Middle Ages. There are ancient forts and ports that have played a significant role in the history of the island of Rhodes, and much more.
3. Palace of the Grand Masters
Separately, it is worth talking about such a historical and cultural attraction of the Rhodes fortress, like this Palace. It is also on the UNESCO list as part of the Rhodes Fortress. This is a very impressive structure, built according to all the rules of medieval fortification.
For many centuries, the Palace of the Grand Masters served as the residence of the head of the Hospitaller Order, who once controlled the entire Mediterranean. Today, the Palace of the Grand Masters has turned into a huge museum, the exhibits of which tell visitors about the history of the island and the city of Rhodes from Antiquity to the present day.
4. Paleokastritsa beach
It is a world famous beach and a Greek landmark. It is located on the island of Corfu in the north of the Ionian Sea at the resort of the same name. Tourists can fully enjoy the purest turquoise water, bright, but not burning sun, as well as beautiful olive, lemon and orange groves around.
On the beach of Paleokastritsa you can have a great rest, it is one of the ten best European beaches, and at the same time you can get acquainted with the cultural and historical ones, of which there are extremely many here since ancient times.
The Acropolis is the hallmark of the modern Greek capital. The first thing to see in this city is exactly Acropolis of Athens... From here begins an acquaintance with classical Ancient Greece, with its myths and legends, gods and heroes, scientists and philosophers.
It should be noted that on the hill where you can see the Acropolis of Athens today, there was a royal palace even in the Mycenaean era. In the 7th century BC. e. the most famous temple of the Parthenon began to be built in the acropolis, and a century later the temple of Athena was erected, from which today only the foundation remains.
At the time when Greece was under the Ottoman yoke, the Acropolis of Athens was a mosque. It later became an arsenal. One of his temples once housed the pasha's harem. The Acropolis of Athens has been repeatedly attacked by barbarians and vandals. Today it is a magnificent open-air museum.
Many tourists tend to visit Cape Sounion to see this ancient temple with their own eyes. The once ancient Greek Poseidon, the god of the sea, patronized fishermen and sea travelers who lived in Attica and all of Hellas. They brought gifts and sacrifices to their god, and he bestowed good luck on them.
The Temple of Poseidon was built in 400 BC. Among scientists, there is a version that it was erected by the Atlanteans - the inhabitants of the legendary Atlantis. Today, only the ruins of the temple and 12 columns have survived. Archaeologists have discovered a huge statue of a man, possibly Poseidon, and several smaller statues near the temple.
Olympus is the highest mountain in the country, located on the coast of the Aegean Sea. But this is not what she became famous for. As you know, it was this mountain that the gods of Ancient Greece chose as their place of residence, which is why Olympus acquired a sacred status. The area around the mountain range is now a national reserve.
What mere mortal does not dream of visiting the home of the gods? That is why this mythological landmark of Greece is popular among travelers from all over the world. Fortunately, there is also an excellent tourist infrastructure, incl. ski resort.
8. Santorini island
This island is considered by many to be the best tourist destination on earth. It is ideal for family vacation... There are beautiful clean sandy beaches from white to black, houses, as if from a fairytale picture. Santorini often hosts wedding ceremonies between couples dreaming of family life, like in a fairy tale.
There are a huge number of attractions on such a tiny island. First of all, these are Catholic and Orthodox churches, there are about three hundred of them. There are also many ancient ruins of the Minoan era of the Greek civilization. Live in local hotels, sunbathe on the beaches - you will have unforgettable memories.
9. Samaria Gorge
It is a famous natural landmark of Crete. The Samaria Gorge is the largest in Europe, it is named after an ancient village nearby. This is an incredibly beautiful place, visiting which you can take many unique beautiful photos.
It is worth going to this gorge with a tourist excursion to once again appreciate the great Greek past, see the ancient Cretan civilization, marvel at the beauty of Crete's nature, its flora and fauna, get acquainted with the old way of life, way of life, customs and traditions of the islanders.
